Hi! Sorry I’m absent and not able to

elaborate on these notes. My daughter is sick.

Please read through this power point with your group and discuss what doesn’t make sense OR write down your questions and then email me! Please don’t wait until I came back because that’s too long to be confused.

What happened to Denise? Heart Attack!

Only 1 group thought this was the answer mostly because what we “know” as symptoms of heart attack are more typical of the symptoms men have!

The Cardiovascular System

A closed system of the heart and blood vessels

The heart pumps blood Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all

parts of the body The function of the cardiovascular system

is to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide and other waste products

The Heart

Location Thorax between the lungs Pointed apex directed toward left hip

About the size of your fist Starts to beat 22 days after conception!

The Heart

Figure 11.1

The Heart: Coverings

Pericardium – a double serous membrane Serous fluid fills the space between the

layers of pericardium. Why is the heart surrounded by fluid?

NO FRICTION!!! Balloon pericardium

The Heart: Heart Wall Three layers

Epicardium Outside layer Connective tissue layer- thin & strong

Myocardium Middle layer Mostly cardiac muscle- thick & strong

Endocardium Inner layer Endothelium-epithelial cells! Remember

epithelial cells line all of your hollow organs! Where are MAJORITY of epithelial cell located? Skin!

External Heart Anatomy

Figure 11.2a

Coronary (HEART) Circulation

Blood in the heart chambers does not nourish the myocardium

The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system

Coronary arteries Cardiac veins Blood empties into the right atrium via the coronary

sinus IF THESE GET BLOCKED YOU CAN HAVE A HEART

ATTACK. Which pretty much means your heart is not beating correctly…it’s in a spasm. You die if enough of the heart cells die due to lack of O2.

Blood Circulation

Q: Based on the picture (or your own knowledge) Why is the left side muscle wall thicker then the right side???A: Left side pumps to the entire body while the right side just pumps to the heart!

Figure 11.3

Q: Do Arteries ONLY carry oxygenated blood and veins ONLY deoxygenated?A: No…look closely. What statement CAN be made about these vessels?A: Arteries away & Veins towards heart.

The Heart: Associated Great Vessels

Aorta Leaves left ventricle

Pulmonary arteries Leave right ventricle

Vena cava Enters right atrium

Pulmonary veins (four) Enter left atrium

The Heart: Chambers

Right and left side act as separate pumps

Four chambersAtria

Receiving chambers

Ventricles Discharging

chambers

Figure 11.2c

The Heart: Valves Allow blood to flow in only one direction Four valves

Atrioventricular valves – between atria and ventricles Bicuspid valve (left) Tricuspid valve (right)

Semilunar valves between ventricle and artery Pulmonary semilunar valve Aortic semilunar valve

The Heart: Valves

Valves open as blood is pumped through Held in place by chordae tendineae (“heart

strings”) Close to prevent backflow

Watch tonight at home!

Quick review of blood movement thought the heart

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SvAVu-7E2gA song 3min

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jLTdgrhpDCg technical 1.5 min

Operation of Heart Valves

Figure 11.4

A bit on the stuff pumped around by our dear heart….Blood Groups

and Transfusions Large losses of blood have serious

consequences Loss of 15 to 30 percent causes weakness Loss of over 30 percent causes shock, which can be

fatal Transfusions are the only way to replace blood

quickly Transfused blood must be of the same blood

group

Human Blood Groups Blood contains genetically determined

proteins A foreign protein (antigen) may be

attacked by the immune system Blood is “typed” by using antibodies

that will cause blood with certain proteins to clump (agglutination)

Human Blood Groups

There are over 30 common red blood cell antigens

The most vigorous transfusion reactions are caused by ABO and Rh blood group antigens

ABO Blood Groups

Based on the presence or absence of two antigens Type A Type B

The lack of these antigens is called type O

ABO Blood Groups

The presence of both A and B is called type AB

The presence of either A or B is called types A and B, respectively

Rh Blood Groups

Named because of the presence or absence of one of eight Rh antigens (agglutinogen D)

Most Americans are Rh+

Problems can occur in mixing Rh+ blood into a body with Rh– blood

Rh Dangers During Pregnancy

Danger is only when the mother is Rh– and the father is Rh+, and the child inherits the Rh+ factor

Rh Dangers During Pregnancy

The mismatch of an Rh– mother carrying an Rh+ baby can cause problems for the unborn child The first pregnancy usually proceeds

without problems The immune system is sensitized after

the first pregnancy In a second pregnancy, the mother’s

immune system produces antibodies to attack the Rh+ blood (hemolytic disease of the newborn)

Blood Typing Blood samples are mixed with anti-A

and anti-B serum Coagulation or no coagulation leads to

determining blood type Typing for ABO and Rh factors is done in

the same manner Cross matching – testing for

agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipient’s serum, and vice versa

Blood Typing

Figure 10.8

Heart dissection

We will be dissecting a preserved sheep heart next class. So BRUSH UP ON the external parts (major blood vessels) and the internal parts (valves, chambers, septum)

Go to next slide

Starting now you will prepare for our dissection. You will make “flags” for labeling with tape,

construction paper & toothpicks. Once you are done make an envelope (fold it into 4th

and then fold the top over) out of a sheet of paper, put your names on it & put it in the bin.

Once you have finished flags you should review & study the diagram of the interior of the heart that shows all 4 chambers (which is a frontal (coronal) cut) and compare it to the picture of an actual heart so you have a better idea of what the structures REALLY look like.

During dissection you will flag all of the parts of the heart, using only your brains, for credit. So, be prepared!

Go to next slide

HW: finish the writing prompts. Once you finish the flags you can work on this.

I will collect both WP next class. Go to next slide…

flags1. L Atrium2. R Atrium3. L Ventricle4. R Ventricle5. Bicuspid valve (left) 6. Tricuspid valve

(right) 7. Pulmonary

semilunar valve8. Aortic semilunar

valve

9. chordae tendineae

10. Aorta11. Base12. Apex13. Superior vena

cava14. Septum