{ rome the republic ms. lasater world history pod 1
TRANSCRIPT
{Rome the Republic
Ms. Lasater
World HistoryPOD 1
Government
Republic 2 elected consuls were the
head Served a one-year term Controlled the army
Senate Leaders from the Patricians Law-makers Controlled spending Chosen by Consuls Served for life 300 seats
Assembly Plebeians Had limited power BUT they
elected the consuls Consuls had to gain support
of the plebeian class
SPQR
Senatus Populus Que Romanus
Chiseled on public buildings, armor, coins, park benches
Anything that belonged to the state
“The Senate and the People of Rome”
Kings were no longer in charge
The Forum
Main marketplace and business center
Banking, trading, shopping, and marketing
Also a place for public speaking
Great orators Argued persuasively
Festivals and religious ceremonies
Go to a temple to leave a gift for one of their gods
Roman Baths
At least once a day Included:
Hot and cold pools Slaves to wait on you Steam rooms Saunas Exercise rooms Hair salons Reading rooms
Think of is as a large mall with bathing pools
900 public baths in Rome Part of daily life
Kids couldn’t use them There was an admission
charge Slaves couldn’t use them But people brought their
slaves as attendants
Roman Legion Legion
5000 men Each had a banner, leader,
number and nickname Uniform
Rectangular shield Short sword Dagger Metal jacket Helmet Belt Kilt Shirt Hobnailed sandals
Service Legionary served for 25 years Retirement
Given land and a pension Gave retired military a place to
call home in the country that they would defend
Placed loyal military men all over the provinces
Roman Roads
“All roads lead to Rome”
It was true! Rome was the heart
of the republic Each time a new city
was conquered, a road was built from that city back to Rome
Milestones told how far it was to Rome
Hannibal & Carthage Carthage- ancient city-state
in North Africa- 300 miles from Rome
First Punic War Carthage controlled 3
islands off Italy’s coast Rome wanted Carthage to
join its republic Fought for 20 years Neither won Rome took Sicily, Sardinia
and Corsica Hannibal
9-year-old son of the general at the First Punic War- vowed to make Rome pay
Clever general Snakes plan Wanted to conquer all of
Spain
Not this creepy one…But this one
Second Punic War Second Punic War
Spanish city asked for help but Rome attacked Carthage instead of Hannibal
Hannibal planned to march 90,000 foot soldiers, 12,000 calvary, and 37 elephants from Spain
Route was more rugged than he expected
Carthage agreed to peace terms Carthage changed their mind and
Rome defeated Carthage but didn’t catch Hannibal
Second set of peace terms: Carthage leave Spain, Gaul and
Italy Reduce their navy to 10
warships Pay 10,000 talents in war
damages in 50 annual payments over 50 years
Rome finally caught up with Hannibal but he swallowed poison rather than surrender (he was 64)
Julius Caesar
Month of July named after him
People trusted him and believed he could solve Rome’s problems
Problems of the Republic Crime Taxes Hunger Unemployment Slave labor dependency
Spoke openly about problems and solutions
Leaders in the Senate were afraid Caesar would take power and rule as a king
Entered Rome in 49 BCE with Roman Legion to take over the government
Poor people were glad; Senate was furious
Julius Caesar Caesar defeated Pompey
and the Senate’s forces and became the master of Rome
Improvements Relieved debt Enlarged the Senate Built the Forum Iulium Revised the calendar
Assassinated by a group of Senators led by Cassius and Brutus on the Ides of March (15) 44 BCE
Assassination sparked civil wars that ended the Republic and Caesar’s great nephew, Octavian, became the first emperor of Rome