Age of the Enlightenment

Age of the Enlightenment RationalPhilosophes Popular Sovereignty Enlightened despotism Enlightenment Denis Diderot Baron de Montesquieu Voltaire Rousseau Mary Wollstonecraft Federal System of government Executive Legislative Judicial Stamp Act King George III Lord NorthPatriots Loyalists Thomas Jefferson George Washington Benjamin Franklin Articles of Confederation Bill of Rights

Economic Improvement Political Reform Movement of People and Ideas Advocated: Agricultural improvement, commercial society, expanding consumption, challenge traditional social and economic practices Influenced: Scientific Revolution and Traditional intellectual and theological authority. Influences of Enlightenment Newton-law of universal gravitation Nature was rational-society too should be Study nature directly-w/o metaphysics John Locke-Tabula Rasa-Experience shapes character Print Culture-books, journals, newspapersUrban centers Secular-novels Coffeehouses Public opinion High and Low literary culture Philosophes Rules of reason, criticism, and common sense Writers and critics Challenged aristocratic privilegeReform religion, political thought, society, government, and economy-Human Liberty Enlightenment and Religion Church hindered the pursuit of a rational life Church and Old Regime Deism:Religion and Reason-nature is rationalGod-is rational Life after death Voltaire Attacked religious persecution and advocated toleration Candide Crush the Infamous Thing

Adam Smith Wealth of Nations Economic Liberty Encourage economic growth-interests Laissez-faire-limit role of govt. Four stage theory: Hunting and gathering HerdingAgricultural Commercial People to be prosperous Rousseau-good, even though poor

Rousseau Social Contract All men are born free, but everywhere in chains. Independent individuals-NEGATIVE!!!Personal freedom-loyal member in society Freedom-obedience to law Democratic participation Being Good Hated the world and society Challenged the social fabric-material and intellectual progress What constitutes the good life? Personal freedom and also being a part of society Many questioned his critique of material world

Encyclopedia-Denis Diderot Advanced critical ideas-religion, government and philosophy Secularize learning Harnessing resources of the earth and in living at peace with ones fellow humans.

What is the Enlightenment? Influenced.Philosophers, etcMontesquieu Spirit of Laws Not one Political system Monarchial government Division of power Checks and Balances Women in Enlightenment Salons Not feminists; Traditional roles Montesquieu-Women are not naturally inferior Rousseau-Educated for a position subordinate to menMary Wollstonecraft-A Vindication of the Rights of Women Sensual slaves Impede Progress of all Humanity Islam in Enlightenment thought Muhammad a false prophet Muhammedanism-divine Voltaire: Islam-fanatical Many Europeans-empathetic and expressing fairness Jewish Thinkers SpinozaGod is not a distinct personality-everything in universeOrganized religion led people away from scripture Mendelssohn Jewish Socrates Modern Jew life Judaism and Enlightenment Ideals Religious toleration within and Society

Fredrick the Great Prussia Servant to the stateProtected nobles Religious TolerationJoseph II Austria Religious Toleration Economic reform

Catherine the Great Russia Power to the nobility Economic growth Territorial expansion FRQAnalyze the policies of Fredrick the Great and Joseph the II of Austria