►Puritanism: The Puritanism: The haunting fear someone, haunting fear someone, somewhere may be somewhere may be happy.happy.

H.L. MenckenH.L. Mencken

Did they behead people who Did they behead people who fought against them?fought against them?

This iswhat

happenswhen you don’t do

yourIDs!!

Cut down maypoles?Cut down maypoles?

What do you think

this is? Red Day?

Did they hang women?Did they hang women? A fatefor all

who do not

practice our

religion?

Drink Beer?

This will cure what ails you!

Did they have no sense of humor or Did they have no sense of humor or fun?fun?

Who were these people?

Let’s find out!Let’s find out!

Puritanism began in England as aPuritanism began in England as areaction to the Protestant reaction to the Protestant

Reformation. Puritans believed that Reformation. Puritans believed that all non-biblical items needed to be all non-biblical items needed to be removed from the church. In other removed from the church. In other words the church needed words the church needed purified.purified.

White Horse Tavern

To Teach You The Basics of Puritan BeliefsT: Total Depravity. Humans are innately sinful—“Original Sin.”U: Unconditional Election. Predestination. God, not actions, decide who is “elected” to be saved.L: Limited Atonement. Jesus’s death only atones for the sins of the chosen.I: Irresistible Grace. God’s grace—or saving power—cannot be earned or refused; it cannot be invited or resisted.P: Perseverance of the Saints: The “saints,” those chosen for grace, will be preserved by God and will have the power to live uprightly.

But who were the But who were the Pilgrims?Pilgrims?

The Embarkment of the Pilgrims from Holland 1620 by Robert W. Weir

--The radical faction of puritanism that The radical faction of puritanism that moved from England to Holland to moved from England to Holland to

escape contamination of their beliefsescape contamination of their beliefsare known as are known as PILGRIMSPILGRIMS to us today. to us today.

The Dutch were influencing The Dutch were influencing their English ways so the their English ways so the Pilgrims then decided to Pilgrims then decided to

move to …move to …

They left Holland stopped off in They left Holland stopped off in England then sailed to America.England then sailed to America.

The Netherlands

Massachusetts

England

What was the Mayflower What was the Mayflower Compact?Compact?

►It was signed by 41 freemen and served as It was signed by 41 freemen and served as the the

basis for the Plymouth Colony’s government throughout its history.Some non-Pilgrims (61 of the 102 on the Mayflower) talked of striking out on their own since the Mayflower did not land in northern Virginia as planned and they felt there would be no government. Pilgrim leaders knew they needed these “strangers” and to allay their fears the document was composed creating a “civil body politic.”

Signed Nov. 11, 1620Signed Nov. 11, 1620

The text was included in a book about Plymouth Colony printed in 1622,known as Mourt’s Relation.

Governor William Bradford also copied it into his history of Plymouth Colony. The list of 41 signers first appeared in a book by another colonist, Nathaniel Morton,

New England’s Memoriall, published in 1669.

The Pilgrimsdocked the Mayflower in Cape Codand sent out an exploratory party.

They decided Plymouthwas the place tosettle.

Native Americans shotarrows at the Pilgrimsduring their firstencounter.

December 6-12, 1620

Better be careful! There

could be Indians!!!

They arrive at Plymouth in They arrive at Plymouth in December of 1620December of 1620

So, what’s the difference So, what’s the difference between between Pilgrims Pilgrims andand PuritansPuritans??►PilgrimsPilgrims who settled who settled

Plymouth were Plymouth were puritanspuritans seeking to seeking to reform their church.reform their church.

►PuritansPuritans who settled who settled Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay were pilgrims. (Note were pilgrims. (Note the lower case.)the lower case.)

Survival RatesSurvival Rates

► The first few months were The first few months were grueling for the grueling for the pilgrims.pilgrims.

► Half of their 102 members Half of their 102 members perished: perished:

► "of the 17 male heads of "of the 17 male heads of families, ten died during the families, ten died during the first infection"; first infection";

► of the 17 wives, only three of the 17 wives, only three were left after three were left after three

months.months.   

► There were a 1,000 settlers There were a 1,000 settlers in that first group of in that first group of Puritans.Puritans.

► Two hundred died that Two hundred died that winter and two hundred winter and two hundred more returned to England more returned to England the following spring.the following spring.

► But, in the next ten years, But, in the next ten years, 20,000 persons, most from 20,000 persons, most from England and most of the England and most of the Puritan philosophy, Puritan philosophy, immigrated to immigrated to Massachusetts to form the Massachusetts to form the backbone of the backbone of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts Bay Colony.

► And, then, it was over. And, then, it was over. There was hardly any There was hardly any further migration into New further migration into New England until after the England until after the Revolution. Revolution.

In the following list of the Mayflower passengers the names of In the following list of the Mayflower passengers the names of those pilgrims who did not survive the winter appear in those pilgrims who did not survive the winter appear in blue.blue.

► John CarverJohn Carver         William Brewster   Edward Winslow     William Bradford     William Brewster   Edward Winslow     William Bradford Isaac Isaac Allerton Allerton     Samuel Fuller       Samuel Fuller   John CrackstonJohn Crackston   Capt. Miles Standish     Capt. Miles Standish   Chrisopher Chrisopher Martin     Martin     William Mullens     William WhiteWilliam Mullens     William White       Steven       Steven Hopkins       Richard Warren   John Billington   Hopkins       Richard Warren   John Billington   Edward Tillie     John TillieEdward Tillie     John Tillie     Francis Cook   Francis Cook   Thomas Rogers   Thomas Tinker   John Rigdale   James Thomas Rogers   Thomas Tinker   John Rigdale   James Chilton   Edward Fuller   JohnChilton   Edward Fuller   John Turner Turner   Francis Eaton   Francis Eaton   Moses Fletcher  Moses Fletcher             John Alden John Alden his wife Catherinehis wife Catherine, a boy William Latham , a boy William Latham and a child Jasper and a child Jasper MoreMore; three manservants: John Howland, Roger Wilder, and one ; three manservants: John Howland, Roger Wilder, and one unnamed.   his wife Mary and sons Love and Wrasling; unnamed.   his wife Mary and sons Love and Wrasling; a boy Richard a boy Richard MoreMore and his brother.   and his brother.   his wife Elizabeth and a girlhis wife Elizabeth and a girl Ellen MoreEllen More (sister of (sister of Richard); two manservants George Sowle and Richard); two manservants George Sowle and EliasElias Story.Story.     his wife his wife DorothyDorothy.   .   his wife Maryhis wife Mary and their three children Bartholomew, and their three children Bartholomew, Remember and Mary; Remember and Mary; and a servant boy John Hookeand a servant boy John Hooke.   .   his manservant his manservant WilliamWilliam Butten died during the voyageButten died during the voyage.   his son John. .   his son John.   his wife Rose  his wife Rose     his his wife (namewife (name unknown);unknown); and two servants Solomon Prower and John and two servants Solomon Prower and John LangmoreLangmore.   .   his wifehis wife and two children and two children Joseph Joseph and Priscilla; and Priscilla; a servant a servant Robert CarterRobert Carter.   his wife Susanna, a son Resolved, and a child born .   his wife Susanna, a son Resolved, and a child born during the voyage Peregrine; two during the voyage Peregrine; two servants William Holbeck and Edward servants William Holbeck and Edward ThomsonThomson.   his wife Elizabeth and children Giles, Constanta, Damaris and .   his wife Elizabeth and children Giles, Constanta, Damaris and Oceanus; two servants Edward Doty and Edward Lister.     his wife Ellen Oceanus; two servants Edward Doty and Edward Lister.     his wife Ellen and sons John and Francis.   and sons John and Francis.   his wife Annhis wife Ann and young cousins Henry and young cousins Henry Samson and Humility Cooper.   Samson and Humility Cooper.   his wife Elizabethhis wife Elizabeth and their daughter.   and their daughter.   his son John.   his son Joseph.   his wife and son (names unknown)   his son John.   his son Joseph.   his wife and son (names unknown)   his his wife Alicewife Alice.   .   his wife Maryhis wife Mary and one daughter   and one daughter   his wifehis wife and son Samuel   and son Samuel   two sons (names unknown)two sons (names unknown)     his wife Sarahhis wife Sarah and young son Samuel.   his and young son Samuel.   his party included party included John Goodman, Thomas Williams, Digerie PriestJohn Goodman, Thomas Williams, Digerie Priest, , Edmund Edmund MargersonMargerson, Peter Browne, , Peter Browne, Richard Britteridge, Richard ClarkeRichard Britteridge, Richard Clarke, Richard , Richard Gardiner and Gilbert Winslow.   Gardiner and Gilbert Winslow.  

EconomicsEconomics

►TheThe Pilgrims Pilgrims at at Plymouth were, for the Plymouth were, for the most part, yeomen - most part, yeomen - working people.working people.

►They always had a They always had a struggling economy struggling economy and practiced and practiced communal living.communal living.

► The The PuritansPuritans of of Massachusetts Bay, by Massachusetts Bay, by contrast, were better contrast, were better educated, more educated, more economically and socially economically and socially successful, and brought with successful, and brought with them educated clergy to them educated clergy to give leadership to both the give leadership to both the

church and thechurch and the communitycommunity

Both Pilgrim and Puritan women

played a major role in the economies of

their colonies.

GovernmentGovernment

► Plymouth's Mayflower CompactPlymouth's Mayflower Compact was viewed by the members of was viewed by the members of that colony as a covenant. that colony as a covenant. Those who were elected to Those who were elected to office were bound by the terms office were bound by the terms of the covenant just as were all of the covenant just as were all members of the community; members of the community; they were in that sense equals. they were in that sense equals. Philosophically, therefore, Philosophically, therefore, Plymouth's government came Plymouth's government came close to being a true close to being a true democracy;democracy;

► its elected officers derived their its elected officers derived their powers by the consent of the powers by the consent of the governed within the terms of governed within the terms of their shared covenant. their shared covenant.

► In In Massachusetts BayMassachusetts Bay, a more , a more English philosophy prevailed. English philosophy prevailed. The Governor, Deputy The Governor, Deputy Governor, Assistants, and other Governor, Assistants, and other officers were chosen by the officers were chosen by the people. Once chosen, however, people. Once chosen, however, they understood themselves to they understood themselves to be ruling with divine authority. be ruling with divine authority. Edmund Morgan, in his book Edmund Morgan, in his book The Puritan Dilemma; The Story The Puritan Dilemma; The Story of John Winthropof John Winthrop, put it this , put it this way:way:

► "Rulers, however selected, "Rulers, however selected, received their authority from received their authority from God, not from the people, and God, not from the people, and were accountable to God, not to were accountable to God, not to the people." the people."

We will rule by

the consent of

the governed.

You better listen and do as I say since I have my authority from GOD!!!

PILGRIMSPILGRIMS PURITANSPURITANS

► ARRIVED 1620ARRIVED 1620

► GOVERNORS: CARVER & GOVERNORS: CARVER & BRADFORDBRADFORD

► PLYMOUTH COLONYPLYMOUTH COLONY

► FRIENDLY W/ INDIANS, PAID FRIENDLY W/ INDIANS, PAID FOR LANDFOR LAND

► COMMUNAL LIVING; COMMUNAL LIVING; CONSENSUS OF THE CONSENSUS OF THE GOVERNEREDGOVERNERED

► SEPARATISTSSEPARATISTS

► NO CASES OF EXECUTION NO CASES OF EXECUTION OR PROSECUTION OF OR PROSECUTION OF WITCHESWITCHES

► ARRIVED 1630ARRIVED 1630

► GOVERNOR: WINTHROPGOVERNOR: WINTHROP

► MASSACHUSETTES BAY MASSACHUSETTES BAY COLONYCOLONY

► INDIAN PROBLEMS FROM INDIAN PROBLEMS FROM THE OUTSETTHE OUTSET

► AUTHORITARIANAUTHORITARIAN

► ““PURIFIED” THE CHURCH PURIFIED” THE CHURCH FROMFROM WITHIN WITHIN

► PROSECUTED AND PROSECUTED AND EXECUTED FOR EXECUTED FOR WITCHCRAFTWITCHCRAFT

Salem Witch Trials 1692Salem Witch Trials 1692What do you say? Have you seen this woman

hurt you?

Yes, she beat me

this morning!

I have never

afflicted no child! Never in my life!

Main causes of the trials:Main causes of the trials:

► The colony was waiting for a The colony was waiting for a new governor and had no new governor and had no charter to enforce laws. charter to enforce laws.

► New England towns were New England towns were under attack by Native under attack by Native Americans and French Americans and French Canadians.Canadians.

► In a world where people saw In a world where people saw the Devil lurking behind the Devil lurking behind every misfortune, it is little every misfortune, it is little wonder they believed evil wonder they believed evil spirits were at work.spirits were at work.

Puritan conformityPuritan conformity

► In keeping with the In keeping with the Puritan code of Puritan code of conformity, the first conformity, the first women to be accused women to be accused of witchcraft in Salem of witchcraft in Salem were seen as different were seen as different and as social outcasts: and as social outcasts: Tituba, a slave; Sarah Tituba, a slave; Sarah Good, a homeless Good, a homeless beggar; and Sarah beggar; and Sarah Osborne, a sickly old Osborne, a sickly old woman who married woman who married her servant.her servant.

World of the accusing young World of the accusing young girls.girls.

► In 1692, children were In 1692, children were expected to behave under the expected to behave under the same strict code as the adultssame strict code as the adults——

► There was little to feed their There was little to feed their imagination that did not warn imagination that did not warn of sin and eternal punishment.of sin and eternal punishment.

► It is no wonder that young girls It is no wonder that young girls were so captivated by Tituba’s were so captivated by Tituba’s magical stories and fortune-telling magical stories and fortune-telling games. These activities were games. These activities were strictly forbidden, which must have strictly forbidden, which must have filled them with fear and guilt. filled them with fear and guilt.

► This may have been one reason for This may have been one reason for their hysterical behavior.their hysterical behavior.

► Rye mold which contain the Rye mold which contain the chemical basis for LSD has also chemical basis for LSD has also been mentioned as a possible been mentioned as a possible causecause

Economics differences…Economics differences…► Families with ties to the wealth of the port of Families with ties to the wealth of the port of

Salem had become estranged from those Salem had become estranged from those whose occupations still centered on agriculture.whose occupations still centered on agriculture.

Most accused of being witches were Most accused of being witches were burned in Europe, but in the American burned in Europe, but in the American

colonies, they were hanged.colonies, they were hanged.►The girls may have The girls may have

sparked the witch hunt, sparked the witch hunt, but it was the adults but it was the adults who set the wheels into who set the wheels into motion.motion.

►The hangings The hangings in 1692 Salem in 1692 Salem of accused of accused witches would witches would be the last ones be the last ones in America. in America. 19 were hanged and one pressed to death.

Education in MassachusettsEducation in Massachusetts

►Just 6 years afterJust 6 years after Massachusetts Massachusetts was formed, the was formed, the colony established colony established Harvard College, Harvard College, in 1636.in 1636.

►An Act passed in Massachusetts in 1647 required "that every town of one hundred families or more should provide free common and grammar school instruction." Indeed, the first "Free Grammar School" was established in Boston in 1635, only five years after the Massachusetts Bay Colony was founded

So successful was the effort to keep down the cost of a college education by public contributions and the like, that aNew England farmer could put a boy through college at the costof about four hogs a year.

The result was that a larger percentage of the New England population was in college in 1650 than there is today.

The oldest school in America is The oldest school in America is Boston Latin School founded in Boston Latin School founded in

1635.1635.►America’s first America’s first

public school public school offered instruction offered instruction to boys, rich or poor to boys, rich or poor free of free of chargecharge

►Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin attended classes not attended classes not long before he dropped long before he dropped out of school forever.  out of school forever.  Boston Latin School is Boston Latin School is still in operation in the still in operation in the Fenway neighborhood Fenway neighborhood of Bostonof Boston..

This is the site This is the site where the school where the school once stood in once stood in Boston.Boston.

Franklin statue outside Boston Latin School

What was the role of Pilgrim and What was the role of Pilgrim and Puritan women?Puritan women?

►Men and Women Were Considered Men and Women Were Considered Spiritual EqualsSpiritual Equals

Men were seen as church Men were seen as church leaders but women were seen leaders but women were seen as more disciplined and moral.as more disciplined and moral.

Few male leaders, especially religious leaders, Few male leaders, especially religious leaders, could survive the widespread disapproval of a could survive the widespread disapproval of a

community's women.community's women.

PilgrimPilgrim women and their rights. women and their rights.

► Most Pilgrim women were Most Pilgrim women were treated the same as Puritan treated the same as Puritan women:women:

► Pilgrim women lived in a Pilgrim women lived in a society which believed that society which believed that women were created by God women were created by God for man's benefit, and for him for man's benefit, and for him

to subjugate.to subjugate.    ► Women could not talk in church Women could not talk in church

or interpret scripture or interpret scripture ► Women were generally taught Women were generally taught

to read, but generally not to read, but generally not taught to write– taught to write–

► A husband could discipline his A husband could discipline his wife, just as he could discipline wife, just as he could discipline

his children.his children.

► But there were some But there were some advancements:advancements:

► Pilgrims also believed that Pilgrims also believed that husbands were to love their husbands were to love their wives like Christ loved the wives like Christ loved the

church.church. ► Women in Plymouth had the Women in Plymouth had the

right to buy, sell and own right to buy, sell and own property. property.

► Women in Plymouth had more say Women in Plymouth had more say in their marriages--they chose who in their marriages--they chose who they would or would not marry, they would or would not marry, although if it was a first marriage although if it was a first marriage the father generally had an the father generally had an extralegal "veto" power, but extralegal "veto" power, but

otherwise it was her decision.otherwise it was her decision. ► If she was visibly injured by her If she was visibly injured by her

husband the court took punitive husband the court took punitive action action

When the Massachusetts Bay ColonyWhen the Massachusetts Bay Colony was reorganized and issued a new charter as was reorganized and issued a new charter as the Province of Massachusetts Bay in 1691, the Province of Massachusetts Bay in 1691,

Plymouth Plymouth ended its history as a separate ended its history as a separate colony.colony.

Separation of Church and Separation of Church and StateState

►In 1692 in In 1692 in Massachusetts a Massachusetts a new charter new charter expressed the expressed the change from a change from a theocratic to a theocratic to a political, secular political, secular state; suffrage was state; suffrage was stripped of religious stripped of religious qualificationsqualifications

People you need to know.People you need to know.

William Bradfordserved as governorof Plymouth for 15two year terms.

His greatest contributionwas his hand written journal detailing the first30 years of Plymouth. Parts of it were publishedas :Of Plymouth Plantation.

Another contribution waschanging communal agriculture to privatizedproduction.

William Bradford

Edward WinslowEdward Winslow

Winslow was Plymouth’s agentto London.

He served as governor ofPlymouth for two terms.

He was in charge of diplomaticrelations with Native Americansand became friends withMassasoit the leader of theWampanoag Indians.

Ok, what do you

think I’m doing here?

John WinthropJohn Winthrop

►““For we must consider that we shall be as a For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill.city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are The eyes of all people are upon us.upon us. “ “

► Led a group of English Led a group of English Puritans Puritans to the New World, to the New World, joined the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 and joined the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629 and was elected their governor was elected their governor

►Presided over the slaughter of hundreds of Pequot Presided over the slaughter of hundreds of Pequot Indians and the enslavement of many others for Indians and the enslavement of many others for export to the Bahamas where they were exchanged export to the Bahamas where they were exchanged for sugar and rum. for sugar and rum.

When was the

Pequot War?

Squanto (Tisquantum)Squanto (Tisquantum)

► Kidnapped in 1605 by Kidnapped in 1605 by English merchants, he was English merchants, he was taken to England and taken to England and worked for Sir Gorges who worked for Sir Gorges who had received a land patent had received a land patent for what is today Maine.for what is today Maine.

► Squanto returned as an Squanto returned as an interpreter for English sea interpreter for English sea captains mapping the New captains mapping the New England coast in 1614England coast in 1614

Sqanto’s adventure Sqanto’s adventure continuescontinues

► Promised his freedom by Promised his freedom by John Smith, Sqanto was John Smith, Sqanto was tricked in a trading scheme tricked in a trading scheme to stay on ship. When to stay on ship. When Smith left, Captain Thomas Smith left, Captain Thomas Hunt kidnapped the Indian Hunt kidnapped the Indian trading party, along with trading party, along with Sqanto.Sqanto.

► He, along with the other He, along with the other captives, was taken to captives, was taken to Spain, and rescued by some Spain, and rescued by some local friars.local friars.

► In 1618 he left on a ship In 1618 he left on a ship bound for Newfoundland bound for Newfoundland but was recognized by a but was recognized by a friend of Sir Gorges, and friend of Sir Gorges, and was taken back to England.was taken back to England.

Squanto finally returns to America for Squanto finally returns to America for good.good.

► Squanto was sent back to Squanto was sent back to America with Thomas Dermer, America with Thomas Dermer, the man who found him in the man who found him in Newfoundland, to explore Newfoundland, to explore natural resources and re-natural resources and re-initiate trade with the Indians initiate trade with the Indians who were still angry about the who were still angry about the trading party’s kidnapping by trading party’s kidnapping by Hunt.Hunt.

► In 1619, when they reached In 1619, when they reached Squanto’s home of Patuxet, Squanto’s home of Patuxet, they found the entire tribe had they found the entire tribe had been wiped out in a plague in been wiped out in a plague in 1617.1617.

► Squanto was the only Patuxet Squanto was the only Patuxet who remained so he moved in who remained so he moved in with a neighboring tribe-the with a neighboring tribe-the Wampanoags-headed by Wampanoags-headed by Massasoit.Massasoit.

Massasoit

Squanto meets the Pilgrims.Squanto meets the Pilgrims.

►Massasoit sent Massasoit sent Squanto to Squanto to negotiate a peace negotiate a peace settlement with the settlement with the Pilgrims since he Pilgrims since he spoke English so spoke English so well.well.

►Squanto first meets Squanto first meets the Pilgrims on the Pilgrims on March 22, 1621.March 22, 1621.

► In the peace treaty the In the peace treaty the Pilgrims and Pilgrims and Wampanoag agreed to Wampanoag agreed to a military alliance.a military alliance.

►He befriended the He befriended the Pilgrims, and taught Pilgrims, and taught them how to them how to manure their corn, manure their corn, where to catch fish where to catch fish and eels, and acted and eels, and acted as their interpreter as their interpreter and guide.and guide.

Squanto abuses his power.Squanto abuses his power.

► By late 1621 he was using his By late 1621 he was using his position with the Pilgrims for his position with the Pilgrims for his own gain--threatening many own gain--threatening many Indians that if they did not do as he Indians that if they did not do as he told them, he would have the told them, he would have the Pilgrims "release the plague" Pilgrims "release the plague" against them.  against them.  

►   When Massasoit learned that When Massasoit learned that Tisquantum was abusing his Tisquantum was abusing his position to steal power, he position to steal power, he demanded Squanto be turned over demanded Squanto be turned over to him to be executed.  The to him to be executed.  The Pilgrims were required to turn Pilgrims were required to turn Squanto over, according to the Squanto over, according to the peace treaty they had signed with peace treaty they had signed with one another.  But the Pilgrims felt one another.  But the Pilgrims felt they needed Squanto's services, so they needed Squanto's services, so they stalled-never releasing him to they stalled-never releasing him to MassasoitMassasoit

► He lived the rest of his days in He lived the rest of his days in Plymouth.Plymouth.

Ha! As if these people

could actually

release a plague from a barrel in

the ground!

His death is recorded by William His death is recorded by William Bradford.Bradford.

► in November 1623, while on in November 1623, while on a trading expedition to the a trading expedition to the Massachusetts Indians, Massachusetts Indians, Tisquantum came down Tisquantum came down with Indian fever, his nose with Indian fever, his nose began to bleed, and he began to bleed, and he

died.died. ► Governor William Bradford, Governor William Bradford,

perhaps Squanto's closest perhaps Squanto's closest friend and associate among friend and associate among the Pilgrims, wrote the the Pilgrims, wrote the following about his sudden following about his sudden

death:death:

► In this place Squanto In this place Squanto fell sick of an Indian fell sick of an Indian fever, bleeding much at fever, bleeding much at the nose (which the the nose (which the Indians take for a Indians take for a symptom of death) and symptom of death) and within a few days died within a few days died there; desiring the there; desiring the Governor to pray for Governor to pray for him that he might go to him that he might go to the Englishman's God the Englishman's God in Heaven; and in Heaven; and bequeathed sundry of bequeathed sundry of his things to sundry of his things to sundry of his English friends as his English friends as remembrances of his remembrances of his love; of whom they had love; of whom they had great loss.great loss.

Squanto is buried in an Squanto is buried in an unmarked grave on Burial Hill in unmarked grave on Burial Hill in

Plymouth.Plymouth.

Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson

►Her espousal of the Her espousal of the covenant of grace as covenant of grace as opposed to the opposed to the covenant of works (i.e., covenant of works (i.e., she tended to believe she tended to believe that faith alone was that faith alone was necessary to salvation) necessary to salvation) and her claim that she and her claim that she could identify the elect could identify the elect among the colonists among the colonists caused John Cotton, caused John Cotton, John Winthrop, and John Winthrop, and other former friends to other former friends to view her as an view her as an antinomianantinomian heretic. heretic.

An individual can achieve salvation

Without the assistance of formerly trained clergy.

Did she just say I wasn’t one of

the chosen!!

Roger WilliamsRoger Williams

►He questioned the right He questioned the right of the colonists to take of the colonists to take the Indians' land from the Indians' land from them merely on the them merely on the legal basis of the royal legal basis of the royal charter and in other charter and in other ways ran afoul of the ways ran afoul of the oligarchy then ruling oligarchy then ruling Massachusetts. In 1635 Massachusetts. In 1635 he was found guilty of he was found guilty of spreading "new spreading "new authority of authority of magistrates" and was magistrates" and was ordered to be banished ordered to be banished from the colony. from the colony.

Statue of Williams in Providence, RI

Thomas HookerThomas Hooker

► In 1636, Thomas Hooker led In 1636, Thomas Hooker led his congregation west to his congregation west to found the new English found the new English settlement at Hartford, settlement at Hartford, Connecticut. Connecticut.

► One of the reasons he left One of the reasons he left was a disagreement over was a disagreement over who could vote or hold who could vote or hold office. John Winthrop office. John Winthrop insisted on church insisted on church membership, but Hooker membership, but Hooker believed all property owners believed all property owners should be permitted to should be permitted to participate.participate.

► He is also remembered for He is also remembered for his role in creating the his role in creating the “Fundamental Orders of “Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.”Connecticut.”

The Fundamental Orders of The Fundamental Orders of ConnecticutConnecticut

► In the spring of 1638, In the spring of 1638, Reverend Thomas Reverend Thomas Hooker challenged the Hooker challenged the General Court to set General Court to set down and fix the down and fix the principles of that principles of that government. It was his government. It was his view that "the view that "the foundation of authority foundation of authority is laid in the free is laid in the free consent of the people".consent of the people".

► It has the features of a written It has the features of a written constitution, and is largely constitution, and is largely considered the considered the first writtenfirst written Constitution in Western historyConstitution in Western history,, and thus earned Connecticut its and thus earned Connecticut its nickname of nickname of The Constitution StateThe Constitution State. .

King Philip (Metacom)King Philip (Metacom)

►The bloodiest war in The bloodiest war in America's history, America's history, on a per capita on a per capita basis, took place in basis, took place in New England in New England in 1675 against King 1675 against King Philip and his Philip and his alliances.alliances.

► "I am determined "I am determined not to live until I not to live until I have no country." have no country."

►How was he related How was he related toto

Massasoit?Massasoit?

Over 350 years ago the Puritans set Over 350 years ago the Puritans set foot in America, and they still hold an foot in America, and they still hold an

important place in US culture..important place in US culture..► Their portrayals are found everywhere including in the US Their portrayals are found everywhere including in the US

Capitol-Capitol-

The Pilgrims in the Rotunda

Statuary Hall

They have inspired our artwork and They have inspired our artwork and furniture…furniture…

……and the Puritan Work Ethicand the Puritan Work Ethic

► These authors argue that These authors argue that the energy, social mobility, the energy, social mobility, competitiveness and competitiveness and capacity for innovation, all capacity for innovation, all of which lie at the heart of of which lie at the heart of our culture, have their our culture, have their origins in the discipline and origins in the discipline and ethos of America’s first ethos of America’s first wave of European wave of European

immigrants: the Puritans.immigrants: the Puritans.

They have influenced our They have influenced our literature…literature…

► When the 'Red Scare' of the When the 'Red Scare' of the 1950s took hold of the 1950s took hold of the United States, Arthur Miller United States, Arthur Miller would translate Puritanism would translate Puritanism into a metaphor for into a metaphor for McCarthyism in McCarthyism in The The CrucibleCrucible. . You will learn

more about this literature from me, so make sure

you listen! It could help

you on the AP US Exam!!!

References to them are all References to them are all over…over…

►On our clothes…On our clothes… ►And various other And various other items…items…

Especially in our political Especially in our political cartoons…cartoons…

►Lots on the immigration controversy-Lots on the immigration controversy-

Dept. of Homeland Security…Dept. of Homeland Security…

……and partisan politicsand partisan politics

……and of courseand of course

How it began.How it began.

►The Pilgrims, The Pilgrims, Wampanoag and Wampanoag and Thanksgiving were Thanksgiving were first linked together first linked together in 1841, when in 1841, when historian Alexander historian Alexander Young rediscovered Young rediscovered Edward Winslow’s Edward Winslow’s account of the 1621 account of the 1621 harvest celebration.harvest celebration.

Fact vs. FictionFact vs. Fiction

► The harvest celebration of The harvest celebration of autumn, 1621, was quite autumn, 1621, was quite plainly neither a fast day nor a plainly neither a fast day nor a thanksgiving day in the eyes of thanksgiving day in the eyes of the Pilgrims.the Pilgrims.

► Rather it was a secular Rather it was a secular celebration which included celebration which included games, recreations, three days games, recreations, three days of feasting and Indian guests. of feasting and Indian guests.

► It would have been unthinkable It would have been unthinkable to have these things as part of to have these things as part of a religious Thanksgiving.a religious Thanksgiving.

► The actual first declared The actual first declared Thanksgiving occurred in 1623, Thanksgiving occurred in 1623, after a providential rain shower after a providential rain shower saved the colony’s crops.saved the colony’s crops.

A National Day of A National Day of Thanksgiving…Thanksgiving…

►Massachusetts’ Massachusetts’ annual annual Thanksgiving Day, Thanksgiving Day, held on the last held on the last Thursday of Thursday of November, was November, was absorbed by the absorbed by the national national Thanksgiving Day Thanksgiving Day established by established by President Abraham President Abraham Lincoln in 1863.Lincoln in 1863.

►So did they hang women?So did they hang women?

►Place enemies heads on Place enemies heads on poles?poles?

►Cut down maypoles?Cut down maypoles?

►Drink beer?Drink beer?

You betcha!!!You betcha!!!

Quakers being led to their execution.

After his death, his wife and eight-year-old son were captured and sold as slaves in Bermuda while his head was mounted on a pike at the entrance to Fort Plymouth, where it remained for over two decades.

No maypoles allowed!

Drink is in it self a Drink is in it self a good creature of good creature of God, and to be God, and to be received with received with

thankfulness, but the thankfulness, but the abuse of drink is abuse of drink is

from Satan; the wine from Satan; the wine is from God, but the is from God, but the Drunkard is from the Drunkard is from the

Devil.Devil.-Increase Mather-Increase Mather

Can I be excused? My brain is

full!