Unit 16 period 5 Table 6

Unit 16period 5Table 6WWK: How fossil fuels are formed from prehistoric life and its decay, as it changes into material and how oil and coal are formed from fossil fuels.Prehistoric LifePrehistoric: pertaining to the time or period prior to recorded history

3000 million years ago on the Earth, landmasses were just forming, swamps were everywhere, the average climate was warmer, prehistoric plant-life grew everywhere, and strange unfamiliar animals roamed the land and sea

Prehistoric DecayDecomposition: to rot into separate parts or resolve into constituent parts or elementsWhen prehistoric life decayed and decomposed millions of years ago it became buried deep under the Earths surface. Covered by layers and layers of rock, sand, and mud, the decay is subjected to enormous amounts of heat and pressure.

Decay to MaterialCompression: to press together into a solid mass

When the decay is compressed under the Earth, it becomes organic material creating fossil fuels. Elements such as which plants and animals decay is present, the conditions of pressure and temperature present when decomposing, and how long the material has been buried, determine the type of fossil fuel the decay will become.

5Oil from Ancient SeasWater organisms that have been buried under ocean and river sediments can become oil or other natural gas. Several years after prehistoric bodies of water have dried up compression and heat, cook the organic material under several layers of silt. Rock formations called caprocks hold the oil and natural gas when it rises to and breaks through the crust. These rocks are thick enough to keep the oil and gas from seeping to earths surface. Under these caprocks is where we find most of our oil and natural gas today.

Coal from Prehistoric Plants & Swamps300 to 400 million years ago a variety of ferns, trees, and other plants decomposed to become organic material to create coal when paired with additional pressure and heat. Coal was also found to be formed by sea water covering swamps creating a large amount of sulfur, which then is exposed as these bodies of water dried up. This sulfur formed into the coal made from these bodies can be harmful to the environment when the coal is burned. Scientists have been trying to discover a way to remove this sulfur in order to reduce the risk of burning this coal.

Videohttp://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=40991 K.S.When coal is formed by sea water, what element is created that is harmful to the environment when the coal is later burned?WWK: How fossil fuels are utilized, what fossil fuels are, how they burn, and if they are negitive or not.What is a fossil fuel?Fossil fuels are formed from previous plants and animals. For example petroleum is a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons that is present in suitable rock. Petroleum is also a fossil fuel, it was originally created by organisms in the ocean thousands of years ago, and now can be found beneath the Earths surface.

How does energy come from fossil fuels?The energy is aquired from all of the plants and animals that had previously created the fossil fuel many years ago. The energy put into the fossil fuel is stored over time, and is used today.What are they used for?Fossil fuels are used for just about everything. The biggest use of them, is fueling cars and airplanes.

Can fossil fuels be a bad thing?Fossil fuels are nonrenewable, so eventually they will run out. This will result in new resources to replace the ones the fossil fuels take care of today. Fossil fuels also increase global warming. It does this by releasing to much carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is a colorless odorless gas. Each year the amount of carbon dioxide given off slowly increases.

How is the fossil fuel burned?Combustion is the process of burning something. Combustion is a chemical way of turning something into a fossil fuel. Combustion can be dangerous, and may release air pollutants during the process.Videohttp://youtu.be/_8VqWKZIPrM KSWhat is one thing fossil fuels are used for?WWK: The benefits and disadvantages of nonrenewable resources due to accessibility, lack of sustainability, politics, accidents from resources use and the actual use of themNonrenewable ResourcesResources are any physical or virtual entity of limited availability Nonrenewable resources are natural resources that cannot be replaced once it has been extracted or procured Some leading resources are coal and oil which are extracted form underground reservoirs

Accessibility Nonrenewable resources are easily attainable Once these resources are gathered it is easily turned into energy Another bonus is that nonrenewable resources are manufactured at a highly cheaper rate than that of renewable resourcesNonrenewable energy also contains the advantage of being more reliable for meeting the planets needs for electricity and to fuel cars and other machines

Lack of Sustainability A disadvantage of nonrenewable resources is that they are depleting with everyday useSustainability is the idea that an action can be continued indefinitely with little impact on the environment, but nonrenewable resources falter because they do not posses sustainability

Politics Oil that is purchased from foreign countries may put limitations depending on the US relationsIt is argued that the US will not be able to achieve full self- sufficiency while it continues to rely on nonrenewable energy sources

Accidents Caused by Nonrenewable ResourcesThe Torrey Canyon Oil Spill- March 18, 1967 Scilly Isles, UKAmount of oil spilled: 25-36 gallonsKolva River Oil Spill- September 8, 1994 Kolva River, RussiaAmount of oil spilled: 84 million gallonsArabian Gulf/ Kuwait- January 19, 1991 Persian Gulf, KuwaitAmount of oil spilled: 380-520 million gallons Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHutG0e58os KSWhat is one leading nonrenewable resource?WWK: Students will know the other options to provide energy other than using fossil fuels such as oil and natural gases, and what wind turbines, hydroelectric power, and solar panels are. How the three of those options provide electricity and what they can do for the world.Option 1: Wind TurbinesOver the past decade, the use of wind turbines has increased over 25% per year. Wind Turbines are energy providers with a large vanned wheel rotated by wind to produce electricity. Most wind energy comes from turbines that can be as tall as a 20-story building and have three 200-foot-long blades that look like propellers on a stick.The biggest wind turbines generate enough electricity to supply about 600 homes, and even having a small turbine in your backyard can provide enough electricity to power your home.

Option 2: Hydroelectric PowerHydroelectricity is electricity that is produced by water through a turbine with a generator; much like the ones in wind turbines. Hydroelectric power reduces pollution because fuel is not burned. It is also relatively cheap with low maintenance costs and operations. With the use of hydroelectric power, we can obtain the same electricity as using oil, just with much less harm to the environment.

Option 3: Solar PanelsSolar panels are panels that are designed to absorb the suns rays to generate electricity or heat. Solar panels also produce no pollution and have no harmful effects on the environment.All solar panels are wireless and do not need to be connected to any external power source.While solar energy has expanded in recent years, oil is still one of the top energy sources used in the US. Solar lights work at night and are immune to blackouts.

How the three options provide electricity.The wind turbines provide electricity by spinning the blades at the top of the turbine which turns a shaft that is connected to a generator that produces electricity. (If theres wind, theres power).Hydroelectric energy is produced in almost the same way that it is from the wind turbines. There are turbines placed within dams and when the water flows through and spins the turbines, it turns on the generator that it is connected to.Solar panels produce energy that comes directly from the suns rays, making it renewable so it can be used over and over again with the suns rays shining throughout the day; even under clouds. What other options can mean for the world.As of right now, the US is only using about 3.6% energy total from renewable resources such as the solar panels, wind turbines, and hydroelectricity; the other total percentage of resources being oil, coal, and gas.Using other things rather than things such as oil as a primary energy source can save money that can be put towards something else. By using the renewable resources that we have access to, we can save the supply of oil and other nonrenewable resources that are becoming very limited. K.S.How do wind turbines produce electricity? Videohttp://science.howstuffworks.com/3851-hydroelectric-power-video.htmWWK: how renewable resources can be beneficial by being always available and less destructive to our environment but can also be costly and not as consistent.Energy SourcesEnergy can be classified into nonrenewable and renewable. A nonrenewable resource is called that because it cannot be reproduced in a short amount of time unlike a renewable source. Renewable Resources such as wind, waves, solar, and geothermal energy are generated from natural sources and can be generated as often as needed.

Benefits of using Renewable Resources: Environmentally FriendlyRenewable resources typically have low carbon emissions while nonrenewable release toxic gases into the atmosphere which is a major contributor to global warmingThe burning of fossil fuels(non renewable resources) and the fuels used by automobiles have caused acid rain and pollution in the atmosphere

Benefit: Energy SecurityNonrenewable resources are bound to expire one day. They are hard to acquire and 2/3 of the energy in fossil fuels is lost anyways in the production and transmission process.Renewable resources provide energy security which is the availability of natural resources for energy consumption in a given period of time. By using renewable resources we become less dependent on other countries to provide us with fuel. The energy provided by the renewable resources will always be available to us in mass consumption if needed.Disadvantages: Initial CostEven though converting to all renewable energy sounds good in theory, it can be very costly to set up.

Once the project is set up it basically has no cost, but setting up a solar power system can be very expensive. Solar energy systems for your entire home can have a start up price of 25,000 and can go up to 35,000 dollars. The biogas plant is also very costly to construct so only the wealthy are able to use this energy. Biogas is an organic gas that is used as a fuel.

DisadvantagesWind energy is not consistent which means that the wind turbines create a different amount of energy at each timeTidal energy can effect ecosystems because when setting up dams, it can disrupt the migration of fish.

Videohttp://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/energy-environment/alternative-energy/ K.SAbout how much does it cost to startup a complete solar energy system for your house?