應用外語系二年乙班 教師 : 黃麗莉 英文句型寫作. parts of speech nouns...
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ENGLISH WRITING
應用外語系二年乙班教師 : 黃麗莉
英文句型寫作
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Parts of Speech
Nouns
Adjectives
Conjunctions
Pronouns
Adverbs
Interjections
Verbs
Prepositions
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Nouns
Nouns may name persons, animals, places,
things, plants, or ideas –
for example, Tom, horse, flower, love.
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Pronouns
I, me, myself, that, who, whom
each, everyone, nobody
this, that, these, thoseThis is my pen.
which, whatWhich is the best
piano?
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Verbs
Being Verbs: is, am, was, were• I am a student.
Action Verbs : Vt, Vi• She washes her clothes everyday.• A: Has the mail come yet?• B: I’ll look and see.
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Verbs
Helping Verbs: can, should, could, will
• Can you come to my party?
Verse phrase: be+ving, have/has/had +PP• My sister is singing now.• My sister had sung this song many times.
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Adjectives
dirty dress my doll
five personsan apple
a dogthe door
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Prepositions
at, in, on, with, over, below… • The book is on the table.
because of, according to, instead of…• They come to your party because of me.
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Adverbs
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.
She walks slowly. (adv)
She is very beautiful. (adv) (adj)
She walks very slowly. (adv) (adv)
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Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.(FANBOYS)• She is beautiful and smart.
Subordinating conjunctions: because, after, before, if, until, when…• Because she is sick, she doesn’t go to school.
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Interjections
Oh! Wow!
Wow! You look terrific.
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Kinds of Sentences
Kinds of Sentences
Simple Sentences
Complex Sentences
Compound-Complex
Sentences
Compound Sentences
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Kinds of Sentences 1. Type
Simple 2. Definition
One independent clause 3. Example
She works hard.
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Kinds of Sentences
1. Type
Compound 2. Definition
Two or more independent clauses 3. Example
She works hard, so she gets a promotion.
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Kinds of Sentences
1. Type
Complex 2. Definition
One independent clause and one or
more dependent clauses 3. Example
Because she works hard, she gets a
promotion.
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Kinds of Sentences
1. Type
Compound-Complex 2. Definition
Two or more independent clauses
and one or more dependent clauses 3. Example
Because she works hard, she gets a
promotion, and she was satisfied.
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Kinds of Sentences
Compound Sentences
A compound sentence consists of two or more
independent clauses with no dependent clauses.
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Kinds of Sentences
He broke the vase. He cleaned the fragments.
Here are three ways to join the independent
clauses to form a compound sentence.
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Kinds of Sentences
1. Connect the two independent clauses using a connecting word called a coordinating conjunction. The coordinating conjunctions are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS).
He broke the vase, and He cleaned the fragments. He broke the vase, so He cleaned the fragments.
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Kinds of Sentences
Use a comma before the coordinating conjunction between two independent clauses.
2. Put a semicolon between the clauses. He broke the vase; he cleaned the fragments.
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Kinds of Sentences
Use a transitional word, such as however or therefore. Place a semicolon before the word and a comma after.
He broke the vase; therefore, he was sad.
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Kinds of Sentences
Complex SentencesA complex sentences consists of one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
After Jerry had had breakfast, he began his work as usual.
(one dependent clause and one independent clause)
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Kinds of Sentences
Because the weather was wonderful last week, we decided to go to beach that could play beach volleyball.
(one independent clause and two dependent
clauses) A relative clause can be the dependent clause
in a complex sentence. I knew the singer who sang that in the1970s.
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Kinds of Sentences
Compound-Complex Sentences
A compound-complex sentence consists of two
or more independent clauses and one or more
dependent clauses.
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Kinds of Sentences
Judy worked in China, and Mary, who was her younger sister, visited her a day later.
Because Rick was a talented student, he got a good grade, and his mother proud of him.
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Kinds of Sentences
Exercise: Combine each set of sentences to make an
effective compound or complex sentence.
1. It was boring yesterday. I went to cinema with my best friend. (對等 )
1. It was boring yesterday, so I went to cinema with my best friend. (Answer)
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Kinds of Sentences
2. John didn’t feel good. He ate too much food last night. (從屬 )
2. John didn’t feel good, because he ate too much food last night. (Answer)
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Correcting Fragments, Comma Splices, and
Run-On
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Correcting
Comma Splices
Run-On
Fragments
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Fragments
Dependent Clauses as Fragments: Clauses with Subordinating
Conjunctions
Dependent Clauses as Fragments: Clauses
with Relative Pronouns
Prepositional Phrases
Phrases as Fragments Appositive Phrase
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Fragments Dependent Clauses as Fragments: Clauses with
Subordinating Conjunctions (because, after, although, since, and before)
While the teacher was angry.
Incorrect: I stopped talking. While the teacher was angry.
Correct: I stopped talking while the teacher was angry.
Correct: While the teacher was angry, I stopped talking.
Correct: The teacher was angry. I stopped talking.
Correct: The teacher was angry; I stopped talking.
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Fragments
Dependent Clauses as Fragments: Clauses with Relative Pronouns
Who is standing on the right.
Incorrect: That pretty girl is my sister. Who is standing
on the right.
Correct: That pretty girl, who is standing on the right, is
my sister.
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Fragments
Phrases as Fragments
Incorrect: Having worked hard every day. Amy wanted to take a break.
Correct: Having worked hard every day, Amy wanted to take a break.
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Fragments
Prepositional Phrase Incorrect: Before the
movie started. We went to the bathroom.
Correct: Before the movie started, we went to the bathroom.
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Fragments
Appositive Phrase
Incorrect: He received a gift on his birthday. A beautiful sweater.
Correct: He received a gift on his birthday, A beautiful sweater.
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Comma Splices and Run-ons
The weather was wonderful, we decided to play soccer. (CS)
The weather was wonderful we decided to play soccer.(RO)
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Correcting Comma Splices and Run-ons
1.Use a comma and a coordinating conjunction
(FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.) 2. Use a subordination conjunction 3. Use a semicolon 4. Make each clause a separate sentence
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Comma Splices and Run-ons
Incorrect: We decided to play soccer the weather was wonderful. (run-on)
Correct: We decided to play soccer, for the weather was wonderful.
(use a comma and a coordinating conjunction for)
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Parallelism
Nonparallel: Either we will clean the house, or let’s go out.
Parallel: Either we will clean the house, or we will go out shopping.
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Parallelism
Nonparallel : Yesterday, I bought a lace dress, went to hair salon , and was seeing a movie.
Parallel: Yesterday, I bought a lace dress, went to hair salon , and saw a movie.
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Adjectives and Adverbs
The order of adjectives
Opinion : ugly, beautiful Size : big, little Shape :round, square Age :old, young Color : blue, yellow Origin :American, English Material :plastic, silk
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The order of adjectives
I want to buy a new dress. I want to buy a beautiful dress. I want to buy an American dress. I want to buy a pink dress.
I want to buy a beautiful, new, pink, American dress
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The order of adjectives
Exercise: 1. Helen has ______________________.
( red, beautiful, thick) 2. She has a ___________________dress. (cotton, dirty, old) 1. beautiful, thick, red 2. dirty, old, cotton