parkinson disease (pd) is a disorder of the brain that causes a variety of movement problems
TRANSCRIPT
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BY: ASHLEY & KENDRA
Parkinson Disease
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What is it?
Parkinson Disease (PD) is a disorder of the brain that causes a variety of movement problems.
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Causes
The causes of Parkinson Disease remains unknown.
Many experts think that the disease is caused by a
combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Scientists have identified aging as an important cause.
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Genetic Factors
About 15 to 25 percent of people with Parkinsons report having a
relative with the disease.
Researchers have discovered several gene mutations that can cause the disease directly, but
these affect only a small number of families.
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Environmental Factors
Some scientists have suggested that Parkinson's disease may result from exposure to an environmental toxin or injury.
Researchers have identified several factors that may be linked to Parkinson’s.
rural living well water manganese pesticides
Some studies have demonstrated that prolonged occupational exposure to certain chemicals can be a trigger as well.
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Dopamine
A substance called dopamine acts as a messenger between two brain areas, the
substantia nigra and the corpus striatum to produce smooth, controlled movements.
When the amount of dopamine is too low, communication between the substantia nigra and corpus striatum becomes ineffective, and
movement becomes impaired.
The greater the loss of dopamine, the worse the movement-related symptoms
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The Brain
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FactsParkinson's disease is the
second most common neurodegenerative disorder.
The most common movement disorder.
In the United States, about 1 million people are affected by
Parkinson's disease and worldwide about 5 million.
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Common Symptoms
•Primary symptoms include:• tremor, • stiffness, • slowness, • impaired
balance• shuffling
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Picture
Effects the present areas
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Secondary Symptoms
Anxiety, insecurity, and stress
Confusion and memory loss
Constipation
Depression
Difficulty swallowing and excessive salivation
Increased sweating
Skin problem
Slowed, quieter speech, and monotone voice
Urinary frequency/urgency
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At Risk
Most people who develop Parkinson's disease are older than 60 years of age.
Men are affected about 1.5 to 2 times more often than women.
People who have a family history of the disorder.
Exposure to environmental toxins such as pesticides and herbicides may be a risk factor.
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Treatment
There is currently NO treatment to
cure Parkinson's disease.
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Treatment
For some individuals with unmanageable motor symptoms, surgery may be an
option. In deep brain stimulation(DBS), the
surgeon implants electrodes to stimulate areas of the brain involved in movement.
In another type of surgery, specific areas in the brain that cause Parkinson's
symptoms are destroyed. An alternative approach currently being
explored is the use of dopamine-producing cells derived from stem cells.
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Treatment
General lifestyle changes (rest and exercise), physical
therapy, occupational therapy, and speech
therapy may be beneficial.
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Prevention
Parkinson’s Disease is
NOT preventable.
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Prevention
The severity of Parkinson's disease symptoms vary greatly from individual to individual and it is not possible to predict how quickly the disorder will progress.
Parkinson's disease is not a fatal disease, and the average life expectancy is similar to that of people without the disease.
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Bibliography
http://www.medicinenet.com/parkinsons_disease/article.htm
http://www.umm.edu/parkinsons/facts.htm?gclid=CJO2msCr868CFYZxOgody0m7XA
http://www.azilect.com/Consumer/About-Parkinson-s-Disease/Parkinson-s-Symptoms.aspx?s_mcid=google-ppc-&s_kwcid=TC|6774|parkinsons%20disease%20symptoms||S||6492865475&gclid=CJGPtMWr868CFYeo4AodehfvXA
http://www.pdf.org/en/about_pd