© oecd/iea, 2008 energy balance vs. energy efficiency indicators michel francoeur head of section...

© OECD/IEA, 2008© OECD/IEA, 2008

Energy Balance Energy Balance vs.vs.

Energy Efficiency IndicatorsEnergy Efficiency Indicators

Michel FrancoeurMichel FrancoeurHead of SectionHead of Section

Energy Statistics DivisionEnergy Statistics DivisionInternational Energy AgencyInternational Energy Agency

ESDS International Annual Conference 2008ESDS International Annual Conference 2008

The Changing World

London, 1 December 2008London, 1 December 2008


OverviewOverview

ObjectivesObjectives

Monitoring the Energy MarketMonitoring the Energy Market

Relevance of an Energy BalanceRelevance of an Energy Balance

Why Go Beyond the Energy Balance?Why Go Beyond the Energy Balance?

Energy IndicatorsEnergy Indicators

ConclusionConclusion


ObjectivesObjectives

Highlight the importance of :Highlight the importance of : sound energy statistics and energy balances sound energy statistics and energy balances

as a foundation to understanding the energy as a foundation to understanding the energy market, market,

andand the benefits of going beyond the energy the benefits of going beyond the energy

balance for energy indicators. balance for energy indicators.


Monitoring of the Energy MarketMonitoring of the Energy Market“An Evolving Challenge”“An Evolving Challenge”

Production Imports/Exports

Stocks

Data

PriceDependency

Security

Oil prices at $30/bl

Data

Diversity(gas, coal, electricity)

ConsumptionTransformation

Socio- economic

Data

Emissions

Efficiency

Rio Summit

Kyoto Protocol

Oil prices“?”

Establishment of the IEA


SecondarySecondary

CombustibleCombustible

RenewablesRenewables

Nu

clea

rH

eat

and

Non

-T

her

mal

Ele

ctri

city

Hea

t an

d E

lect

rici

ty

PrimaryPrimary

Wastes

CoalsCrude Oil

NGL’sNatural Gas

Oil Shale

Biofuels

Petroleum Products, Manufactured Solid Fuels

Liquids and Gases

Any Fuels Derived fromRenewable Sources

NonNonRenewablesRenewables

Monitoring of the Energy MarketMonitoring of the Energy Market“Basket of Energy Commodities”“Basket of Energy Commodities”


Monitoring of the Energy MarketMonitoring of the Energy Market“From Energy Supply to Consumption”“From Energy Supply to Consumption”

TransformationTransformation Secondary Commodities

Secondary Commodities

Primary Commodities

Primary Commodities

Final Energy Use/consumptionFinal Energy Use/consumption

Imports Exports

Stock Changes

Imports Exports

Stock Changes

Indigenous Production


Imports Exports

Stock Changes

Imports Exports

Stock Changes

Primary Commodities

Primary Commodities



Driven by demandfor energy services


Monitoring of the Energy Market Monitoring of the Energy Market Is this the kind of energy map policy makers want?Is this the kind of energy map policy makers want?


Monitoring of the Energy Market Monitoring of the Energy Market The energy balance provides for better maps, The energy balance provides for better maps,

which in turn will provide…



““A Foundation to Policy”A Foundation to Policy”

The lack of essential data can lead the policy making The lack of essential data can lead the policy making process towards the wrong energy policy choicesprocess towards the wrong energy policy choices

A sound monitoring and reporting framework of the A sound monitoring and reporting framework of the energy market:energy market: Provides the Provides the foundation for policy and market analysis; foundation for policy and market analysis; which in turn can better inform the policy decision process;which in turn can better inform the policy decision process; therefore help policy makers:therefore help policy makers:

select policy instruments best suited to meet domestic and select policy instruments best suited to meet domestic and international policy objectives;international policy objectives; and decide on required adjustments to existing policies.and decide on required adjustments to existing policies.



There is a “There is a “SupplySupply” & “” & “DemandDemand” side to the energy equation;” side to the energy equation; For long, and for many people, monitoring the energy market For long, and for many people, monitoring the energy market

was a supply issue; was a supply issue; Monitoring of demand was often limited to an aggregate energy Monitoring of demand was often limited to an aggregate energy

intensity (e.g. Energy / Total GDP);intensity (e.g. Energy / Total GDP); A better understanding of demand is an essential element to A better understanding of demand is an essential element to

defining solutions to key energy related issues:defining solutions to key energy related issues: Energy security, Energy security, Economic and technological development opportunities, Economic and technological development opportunities, Sustainable development,Sustainable development, Mitigating environmental impact…Mitigating environmental impact…



In Summary the Energy Balance:In Summary the Energy Balance: Provides an energy supply & demand statistical equilibrium; Provides an energy supply & demand statistical equilibrium;

““accounting” framework to validate energy flows from supply to accounting” framework to validate energy flows from supply to consumption by economic sectors, consumption by economic sectors,

Provides for the reconciliation of supply/disposition vs. Provides for the reconciliation of supply/disposition vs. consumption data,consumption data,

Defines energy flows within boundaries of economic sectors;Defines energy flows within boundaries of economic sectors;

Starting point toward a better understanding of demand for Starting point toward a better understanding of demand for energy driven services in the deferent economic sectors and energy driven services in the deferent economic sectors and how they are delivered.how they are delivered.


ProductionProductionImport Import ExportExport

International Marine BunkersInternational Marine Bunkers Stock ChangesStock Changes Domestic SupplyDomestic Supply

TransfersTransfers Statistical DifferencesStatistical Differences

Transformation Sector Transformation Sector (18 sub-sectors)(18 sub-sectors) Energy Sector Energy Sector (16 sub-sectors)(16 sub-sectors)

Distribution LossesDistribution Losses

Final ConsumptionFinal ConsumptionIndustry Sector Industry Sector (13 sub-sectors)(13 sub-sectors)Transport Transport (7 sub-sectors)(7 sub-sectors)Other Sectors Other Sectors (4 sub-sectors)(4 sub-sectors)Non Energy UsesNon Energy Uses

Electricity and Heat Outputs Electricity and Heat Outputs TOTAL: 95 FLOWSTOTAL: 95 FLOWS

Relevance of an Energy BalanceRelevance of an Energy Balance““Questionnaires: Flows Collected”Questionnaires: Flows Collected”


Coal (17 products/categories)Coal (17 products/categories)Natural gas Natural gas Crude Oil and Petroleum products (25 products)Crude Oil and Petroleum products (25 products)Nuclear EnergyNuclear EnergyHydro EnergyHydro EnergyRenewable Energy (19 products/categories)Renewable Energy (19 products/categories)Waste Energy (3 products/categories)Waste Energy (3 products/categories)ElectricityElectricityHeat (7 categories)Heat (7 categories)

TOTAL: over 75 products/categoriesTOTAL: over 75 products/categories

Relevance of an Energy BalanceRelevance of an Energy Balance““Questionnaires: Products Collected”Questionnaires: Products Collected”


Latin America(22 countries)

Africa(27 countries)

Former Soviet Union (15 countries)

Middle East (13 countries)

OECD (30 countries)

Non OECD Europe(12countries)

Asia(22 countries)

Data are collected, processed and published for over 140 countries

Data are collected, processed and published for over 140 countries

Relevance of an Energy BalanceRelevance of an Energy Balance “ “Done via a Network of Focal Points”Done via a Network of Focal Points”


FAOUN EUROSTAT

WORLD BANK

OPEC

OAPEC

AFREPREN

Relevance of an Energy BalanceRelevance of an Energy Balance “ “Network of Focal Points”Network of Focal Points”


Online Databases& CD’s

AnnualBooks

& PDF


Quarterly data

&Monthly data services



““An Even Stronger Foundation to Policy”An Even Stronger Foundation to Policy”

Detailed energy indicators provide for Detailed energy indicators provide for more targeted policy and market analysis more targeted policy and market analysis to support policy objectivesto support policy objectives


Indicators defined at the level of an energy balance tend to Indicators defined at the level of an energy balance tend to be aggregate be aggregate Energy self sufficiencyEnergy self sufficiency Energy mix / relianceEnergy mix / reliance Energy intensity per GDPEnergy intensity per GDP Energy intensity per Capita…Energy intensity per Capita…

While today’s policy objectives often try to influence the While today’s policy objectives often try to influence the delivery and consumption of energy services delivery and consumption of energy services




70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

160%

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

19

73

= 1

00

%

Total Energy

Basic energy statisticsBasic energy statistics


70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

160%

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

19

73

= 1

00

%

Total Energy

Total Energy, CC



70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

160%

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1973

= 1

00%

Total Energy

Total Energy, CC

Total/Capita



70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

160%

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1973

= 1

00%

Total Energy

Total Energy, CC

Total/Capita

Total/household



70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

160%

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1973

= 1

00%

Total Energy

Total Energy, CC

Total/Capita

Total/household

Total/Sq. m



70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

160%

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1973

= 1

00%

Total Energy

Total Energy, CC

Total/Capita

Total/household

Total/Sq. m

Space heat/Sq. m



70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

160%

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1973

= 1

00%

Total EnergyTotal Energy, CCTotal/CapitaTotal/householdTotal/Sq. mSpace heat/Sq. mUseful space heat/sq. m

Detailed indicatorsDetailed indicators



70%

80%

90%

100%

110%

120%

130%

140%

150%

160%

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

19

73

= 1

00

%

Now you know whyNow you

know why

Total EnergySpace heat/Sq. mTotal EnergySpace heat/Sq. m

MacroMacro

MicroMicro



Building an end-use mapping of energy and activityBuilding an end-use mapping of energy and activity

Household Energy = space heating + space cooling + cooking + water heating + lighting + appliances…

Space heating = function (floor space, temperature, dwelling types, vintages, fuel mix, heating systems, cross-effect with other end-uses… )

Floor space = function (number of dwellings, average floor area by dwelling type…)

For example:

As you can see, it is all about data…


Energy consumption = Household + Industries + Comm. & Public Services + + Transportation + Agriculture …


Energy IndicatorsEnergy Indicators “Drilling Down into the Details”“Drilling Down into the Details”

IEA / Eurostat /APEC Statistics

Aggregated indicators

Disaggregated indicators

Current Indicator data

Process efficiency etc

Some scattered national data

En

d-u

se

s <

==

==

= E

ne

rgy

ba

lan

ce

s


Energy IndicatorsEnergy Indicators ““Initial Data Coverage of IEA’s Indicators” Initial Data Coverage of IEA’s Indicators”


Overview of the initial templateOverview of the initial template

Menu drivenMenu driven


Diffusion, stocks and average consumption of Diffusion, stocks and average consumption of selected appliancesselected appliances

RESIDENTIAL

%

106

kWh

/un

it


End-use consumption by fuelEnd-use consumption by fuel


Interactive GraphsInteractive Graphs


CurrentMarket

Technico-EconomicPotential

Technological Potential

Increase the uptakeSeek to provide a favourablemarket environment

Provide economic viability Push further away the technological frontier

Energy Indicators provides key information to :

Past and CurrentMarketSituation

Monitoring Market Performance

Setting Expectation

Long TermFuture Perspective

Set the starting point and help define optimum

policy measures

Short… Medium… Long term Objectives

Assess market performance vis-à-vis policy measures

Assess medium and long term potential scenarios

Qualit

ati

ve p

ers

pect

ive

(Polic

y)

Quanti

tati

ve p

ers

pect

ive

(Data

)

“Energy Use in the New Millennium” “Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency” “Tracking Industrial Energy Efficiency”

“Energy Technology Perspectives”

Energy Indicators Energy Indicators


Maintain Maintain sound energy statistics and energy balances sound energy statistics and energy balances as the foundationas the foundation to energy market analysis. to energy market analysis.

Developed an energy indicators data template for the Developed an energy indicators data template for the better harmonization of the data and analysis,better harmonization of the data and analysis,

Workshops to develop, with Members and partner Workshops to develop, with Members and partner countries, the data, the analysis and the policy countries, the data, the analysis and the policy aspects of energy indicators, aspects of energy indicators,

Working in partnership with other organizations Working in partnership with other organizations e.g.: Eurostat, EC, APEC… e.g.: Eurostat, EC, APEC…

Energy IndicatorsEnergy Indicators IEA’s Energy Indicators workIEA’s Energy Indicators work


ConclusionConclusion An energy balance is a dynamic tool which provides An energy balance is a dynamic tool which provides

the starting to a better understanding of the energy the starting to a better understanding of the energy market and the identification of its opportunities market and the identification of its opportunities toward policy objectives.toward policy objectives.

A solid energy balance is highly beneficial to the A solid energy balance is highly beneficial to the development of energy indicators.development of energy indicators.

Energy indicators provide for a stronger foundation Energy indicators provide for a stronger foundation to market and/or policy analysis and objectives.to market and/or policy analysis and objectives.


““To measure is to know”To measure is to know”andand

““If you cannot measure If you cannot measure it,it, you you cannot improve it.”cannot improve it.”

Lord KelvinLord Kelvin

ConclusionConclusion

© oecd/iea, 2008 energy balance vs. energy efficiency indicators michel francoeur head of section...

Documents

energy flows

energy security

energy services

energy balances

energy equation

energy market relevance

energy balance relevance

sound energy statistics