1. IFC IFC : 449

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() - , , ( ) - (). , . 6. 4 , () , - (- ). , () - , - , . - , . - , - - - . - , - 449 , . - - , ( - ). - () - - (). - . , - , - . 7. 5 : 2007 1 - - , - , - () , . - - - - 2 . 2011 - , - : () . - - () . - 449 - . - , - - ( ) - . - , - - . - - , - , , - ( ) . 1 26 2003 . 35- . 2 . : (IFC, 2011) http://www1.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/region__ext_content/regions/europe+middle+east+and+n orth+africa/ifc+in+europe+and+central+asia/publications/renewable+energy+policy+in+russia+- +waking+the+green+giant ( - 14 2013 .). , , . : IEA, World Energy Outlook (2011), . 326. 8. 6 () : () , . () (, (feed-in) , , ) () ( - ). - (.. - , ). - , , - , , ( ). - ? - , , , - . ( ), - . , - , , , , , . 9. 7 3 - , - , . . - . ( ) - , , , - - , - . 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( , - ) - (steel in the ground), - . - , , 449 (.. - - )6 . 861- 28 20137 2014 2020 .8 : / 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 100 250 250 500 750 750 1000 3600 120 140 200 250 270 270 270 1520 18 26 124 124 141 159 159 751 238 416 574 874 1161 1179 1429 5871 449 30 2013 .9 (.. ) 6 . : : (IFC, 2012), . 8, : ( - 14 2013 .). . : Anatole Boute,Promoting Renewable Energy through Capacity Markets: An Analysis of the Russian Support Scheme (2012) 46 Energy Policy, . 68 7 08.01.2009 1- 8 , 861- . 861- - , , - . , - , . , - 449 - . 9 2014, 2015, 2016 2017 . .: http://www.atsenergo.ru/vie/otborinfo/. 13. 11 . , - , . 449 , - , - , . , , 3 10 . , - , - , 5 11 . - , , - . , - 426 3 2008 - , - . - , - , , . , , - , - , . , 426 , - - - 12 . 449, 10 . . 11 , , 25 . , 5 25 , . 12 29.07.2011 316 - . 14. 12 , - 13 . , , - : ; ; ; , ; ; - ; ; ( - ), 1 ; ; , . . , . , , . , , . - : - , . - . A. , , - 13 , 1 32 - , - , . - , - , . 15. 13 . - . 1. . . , 5 . ( ) . , - 14 . , , , . , , . , - , - 449 - . , - . . - 25 , 5 , 15 , - , - . , 10 2013 . - - . 2. . , - 2020 . - - 14 . ( ) ( - - 14 2013 .). 15 (), . : (IFC, 2013, ). . Anatole Boute, Renewable Energy Federalism in Russia: Regions as New Actors for the Promotion of Clean Energy (2013) Journal of Environmental Law ( - 14 2013 .). 16. 14 . - , 1 : 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 / 116 451 114 122 111 839 109 602 107 410 105 262 103 157 65 762 65 696 65 630 65 565 65 499 65 434 65 368 146 000 146 000 146 000 146 000 146 000 146 000 146 000 449 - - , . , , . - . 449 - () . , . 449 - 2012 ( - ): 170 000 ./ 118 000 ./ 100 000 ./ ; - , . , - , , - , - 17. 15 , - : % ( ) , . - - , , . / , . / 3,0 / 4,0 / 5,0 / 6,0 / 7,0 / 1,0 14% 1 226 170 x 12 = 2 040 0,55 0,42 0,33 0,28 0,24 1,0 27% 2 365 118 x 12 = 1 416 0,20 0,15 0,12 0,10 0,09 1,0 38% 3 329 100 x 12 = 1 200 0,12 0,09 0,07 0,06 0,05 3. . - , ( ) - . - 2020 . 449 - ( ). - 861- : - ( ) 2014 35% 2015 55% 2016 - 2017 65% 2018 - 2020 65% 2014 - 2015 50% 2016 - 2020 70% 2014 - 2015 20% 2016 - 2017 45% 2018 - 2020 65% 1 , . 16 DS426 Measures Relating to the Feed-in Tariff Program, 6 2013 . 17 . . 18. 16 , Ontario Feed-in Tariff - , 449 - 16 . 4. . - . 5. . , , ( - ), .17 B. - , - , 861-. - . - , - , - . , , , - , - . - , , - , , . - , , , , . , , , - 18 . . 19. 17 , . 18 . , - , , . - . 19 . : (IFC, 2012), . 11; (IFC, 2013, ). 20. 18 , , - . , , - , 426. , , , . , . (). - , , . - 19 . - . - , - - , . , 449 - 426, . - (.. - 21. 19 ). - 20 . , , , . , - , 449, . - 449 - , . , - . 449 : - . - . - , . - , , - . : , - , - . - , - , - , - . - , , () - 20 : 50 %, 50 70 % 70% ; 35 %, 35 55 %, 55 65 %, 65 % ; 20%, 20 45 %, 45 65 %, 65 % . 22. 20 . - , . , , - . - , - , . - - , . - 449 , - - - . - - ( )21 . () , , - . - . , - . , , , - . , : .. - ( ), 22 . , , - , . - 449 - , , - , 21 449 , . 22 D. de Jager & M Rathmann, Policy Instrument Design to Reduce Financing Costs in Renewable Energy Technology Projects (Ecofys, 2008) ( - 14 2013 .); D Arora, Indian Renewable Energy Status Report Background Report for DIREC (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2010) ( - 14 2013 .). 23. 21 . - - , : 0,14 0,27 0,38 , - . . - - , .. , - - ( , ). , - . 449 - . - , , , . 24. 22 : 449 15- . , 15 , - , . , , - , 10 . - - , - - . . - : , , - 449. , , , . - : (1) - , - - ; (2) , , ; (3) , 25. 23 - . (.. - ), - - 23 . , 449 - . , - 24 . 449 , , - (, 25 )25 . 449 - , , , - . / (. . 15) . , . 449 - 14% , - 1 2015 , 12% , - 1 2015 . - - - , 8,5%. 23 - . 24 . , .. 14 1995 . 41- - (2007) 15. ( - 1 2012 .) 25 . - - 25 , , , http://minenergo.gov.ru/documents/razrabotka/. 26. 24 , - . . , . - , - ( ), ( ), - , - ( ). , , - , - . 449, , , - (), - , - . - , 26 449, (1 ./ ; 10 ./ - ). , ( 1) , ( 2). - , , , - . 449 - - , - , . , , - 0,35, - , - 0,45. , , - . , - - 26 . 27. 25 . , - 449 , - : , , - (. . 21). , . - , , - . , , - , 15 . , - . . , 449 - - , , - . 28. 26 : ()? () - , , - , - , . , - . 2 21 - (). - (), - . - 449 . , , - , - , () . - 449 . , - ; , ( ); - , . 29. 27 449 - : () . - , , - - . 449 - , () . , - . , 449, - , , , , . () , - (). - , , - () . , , - - . , , - , - , . , , 27 . () . () , 27 J-P Bonardi, S Urbiztondo & B Quelin, The Political Economy of International Regulatory Convergence in Public Utilities (2007) ( - 14 2013 .). 30. 28 - . 449 - . , , , - . , - 449 - - , . - , - , . 449 - - . -, 449 , , . -, . , - - . , 449 - . , - - , - . , - , - , , , , . - . 449 - . - - 31. 29 , - 28 . - , , 449, . , , 449 . 28 Commission, White Paper for a Community Strategy and Action Plan on Renewable Sources of Energy (Communication) COM (1997) 599 final, 7; Letter from Institutional Investors Group on Climate Change to Mr. Zapatero on the Proposed Retroactive Reduction of 661 Tariff for Existing Investments (23 June 2010) ( - 4 2012 .); D Finon Y Perez, The Social Efficiency of Instruments of Promotion of Renewable Energies: A Transaction-cost Perspective (2007) Ecological Economics 62, . 83. 32. 30 , 2020. :: - ... - - :(): - (),. Vestas(),., Siemens(), WikovWind()- . -. .- . - :: .- - 1 33. 31 IFC IFC, , - - . - , , - - . : www.ifc.org. 1991 , () - , - . - , - , . , , - , , , , - . , , - . : www.thegef.org. 34. () : 36, .1, . 121069 .: +7 (495) 411-7555 : +7 (495) 411-7556 www.ifc.org/eca 2013