japan had taken over china in 1937 many americans were shocked at the japanese brutality toward the...
TRANSCRIPT
Japan had taken over China in 1937
Many Americans were shocked at the Japanese brutality toward the Chinese.
Roosevelt spoke against what the Japanese were doing.
Roosevelt’s solution was to form an informal alliance with peace loving nations
France and Britain made an alliance with Poland in case Hitler decided to attack them.
Hitler was more concerned about war with Soviet Union and didn’t want to fight on two fronts.
Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact- Aug. 23, 1939 - Agreed not to attack one another
September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland.
France and Britain declared war on Germany but did not help Poland.
By the end of September Poland was defeated.
• GERMAN MILITARY TACTICS OR
“LIGHTING WAR”• The key to blitzkrieg is …
SURPRISE!• It is designed to attack many
different targets with overwhelming numbers so as
to simply devastate the enemy.
•The Blitzkrieg was a style of battle, that had never been seen before.
•It was extremely successful, it was so overwhelming that no one had a defense to it.
•When other nations saw this attack they were not sure if Hitler was THAT good, or was Poland THAT bad……
Conclusion
Axis Powers
Germany
Italy
Japan
Allies
Britain
France
Soviet Union
United States
The goal of the Axis Powers was to rule the
world…..
The world would “rotate” around them.
The Axis believed democratic nations
were weak.
And they would conquer them as a
“knife slices through butter”.
The goal of the Axis Powers was to rule the
world…..
The world would “rotate” around them.
The Axis believed democratic nations
were weak.
And they would conquer them as a
“knife slices through butter”.
April 9, 1940 Germany attacked Denmark and Norway
May 10, 1940 Hitler sent forces into Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg.
These smaller nations did not stand a chance against Hitler’s powerful forces.
France set up Maginot Line along German border and had armies along Belgium border to defend off German forces.
German forces went through the Ardennes and was trying to push them to the English Channel and trap British and French Troops.
338,000 British and French troops escaped to Britain
The armies escaped but the Germans took over Paris and forced the French to surrender.
France was broken into two parts. Northern France= Occupied by Germans Southern France= Unoccupied but still had to follow Nazi rules.
France fell to Germany in 35 days.
•Hitler crushes France in June 1940
•Hitler’s last enemy was Great Britain, who along with France had been defeated at the battle of
Dunkirk
•Battle of Britain, largest air battle ever fought in the history of warfare.
•July to November 1940 and was won by the Royal Air Force (RAF or British Air Force).
•First major German loss in WWII and forced Hitler to change his strategy
•British people fought for their country and a possible Nazi invasion (Operation Sea Lion).
•Hitler wanted to gain air supremacy.
Now Britain Is All Alone!Now Britain Is All Alone!Now Britain Is All Alone!Now Britain Is All Alone!•Winston
Churchill, the Prime Minister
of Great Britain.
•The “Lion of England”
The Royal Air ForceThe Royal Air ForceThe Royal Air ForceThe Royal Air Force
Battle of BritainBattle of BritainBattle of BritainBattle of Britain
London’s Casualties 43,000 Killed
51,000 Seriously injured 88,000 Slightly injured
London’s Casualties 43,000 Killed
51,000 Seriously injured 88,000 Slightly injured
•Nearly 500 (RAF) pilots and aircrew had been killed, 500 wounded and 915 aircraft were
destroyed.
•The once undefeated Luftwaffe (NazisNazis) had been beaten and lost 1733 aircraft and crews in the
process.
•Their immortality (RAF) was guaranteed when Churchill in a speech made on the 20th August
said
"Never in the field of human conflict was so "Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few".much owed by so many to so few".
•Americans wanted to remain neutral.
•America First Committee
•Committee to Defend America by Aiding the
Allies
•Feb. 21, 1940:Feb. 21, 1940: If Germany is defeating
England & France, should the U.S. declare war on Germany and send our
Army and Navy to Europe to fight against Hitler?
Yes: 23% Yes: 23% No 77%No 77%
•Americans wanted to remain neutral.
•America First Committee
•Committee to Defend America by Aiding the
Allies
•Feb. 21, 1940:Feb. 21, 1940: If Germany is defeating
England & France, should the U.S. declare war on Germany and send our
Army and Navy to Europe to fight against Hitler?
Yes: 23% Yes: 23% No 77%No 77%
December 16, 1940: Do you think it was a
mistake for the U.S. to enter the first World
War?
Yes: 39%
No 42% No opinion 19%
December 16, 1940: Do you think it was a
mistake for the U.S. to enter the first World
War?
Yes: 39%
No 42% No opinion 19%
•1935: prohibited arms shipments to all
belligerent countries.
•1936: forbid loans to all belligerents
•1937: “Cash and CarryCash and Carry” principle: all nations must
pay for nonmilitary purchases and ship the
goods in their own vessels
•1935: prohibited arms shipments to all
belligerent countries.
•1936: forbid loans to all belligerents
•1937: “Cash and CarryCash and Carry” principle: all nations must
pay for nonmilitary purchases and ship the
goods in their own vessels
•1939: prohibited Americans from
traveling on ships of belligerent nations
•1940: Lend LeaseLend Lease program offered to Great Britain…. U.S.
becomes the “arsenal of “arsenal of democracy”democracy”
•1939: prohibited Americans from
traveling on ships of belligerent nations
•1940: Lend LeaseLend Lease program offered to Great Britain…. U.S.
becomes the “arsenal of “arsenal of democracy”democracy”
•FDR responds to Fascist aggression in Europe by protecting democracies and preparing the US for war…..
•FDR responds to Fascist aggression in Europe by protecting democracies and preparing the US for war…..
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis:Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis:The Tripartite Pact--Sept., The Tripartite Pact--Sept.,
19401940
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis:Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis:The Tripartite Pact--Sept., The Tripartite Pact--Sept.,
19401940
Selective Service Act- 1940 Provided 1.2 million troops trained and 800,000 reserve troops a year.
FDR gave Britain 50 WWI battleships in exchange for 8 British defense bases.
Britain needed the battleships to convoy goods across the Atlantic.
Lend-Lease Act- Authorized FDR to sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of to any government when he thought it was in the best interest of his country.
By 1945 the U.S. had given more than $40 billion of aid to the Allies.
Economic declaration of war against the Axis Powers
Atlantic Charter- Document that endorsed national self –determination and an international system of general security.
This happened in a meeting with FDR and Prime Minister of Britain Winston Churchill.
Fall of 1941 German U Boats attacked American Ships.
The attacks killed more that 100 Americans.
Americans were angered and this moved them more into a position of declaring war on Germany.