Server Virtualization

NameTitle

Microsoft

Technical Overview

Agenda Introduction Scalability & Performance Security & Multitenancy Flexible Infrastructure High Availability & Resiliency Virtualization Innovation Summary & Wrap Up

CHALLENGES

Bigger, faster, and more available virtual machines

Greater flexibility and agility to deliver solutions

Ability to handle complex storage and networking requests

Removal of limits in virtual machine mobility

Support for new hardware technologies

Keep services up and running, and meet SLAs

Decrease capital and operational costs of infrastructure

Use bigger, more capable servers more effectively

Protect and use existing investments and infrastructure

Maintain separation of resources in multitenant environments

NEEDS

Customer Needs and Challenges

Before Windows Server 2012 R2

June 2008

Hyper

-V in

trodu

ced

in

Windo

ws Ser

ver 2

008

October 2008

Hyper

-V S

erve

r 200

8

laun

ched

October 2009

Windo

ws Ser

ver 2

008

R2

Hyper

-V &

Hyp

er-V

Ser

ver

2008

R2

laun

ched

Live MigrationCluster Shared VolumesProcessor CompatibilityHot-Add StoragePerformance & Scalability Improvements

February 2011

SP1

for W

indo

ws Ser

ver

2008

R2

& Hyp

er-V

Ser

ver

2008

R2

laun

ched

Dynamic MemoryRemoteFX

September 2012

Huge ScalabilityStorage SpacesMetering & QoSMigration EnhancementsExtensibilityHardware OffloadingNetwork VirtualizationReplication

Windo

ws Ser

ver 2

012

Hyper

-

V & H

yper

-V S

erve

r 201

2

Laun

ched

Server Virtualization Scenarios

Scalability & Performance

Security & Multitenancy

Flexible Infrastructure

High Availability & Resiliency

VirtualizationInnovation

Scalability & Performance

Provide guaranteed levels of service for the key applications and workloads

Run the most demanding applications with the highest levels of performance & scalability

Take advantage of hardware innovations, while still using existing hardware to maximum advantage

Ensure optimal resource availability for key applications & workloads

Massive Host, Cluster& Virtual Machine scalability

Enhanced DynamicMemory Capabilities

GuestNUMA Support

Scalability & Performance

Hardware Offloading & integrationacross compute, networking &

storage

Network & Storage Quality of Service

Physical & Virtual Scalability

Hosts

• Support for up to 320 logical processors& 4TB physical memory per host

• Support for up to 1,024 virtual machines per host

Clusters

• Support for up to 64 physical nodes & 8,000 virtual machines per cluster

Virtual Machines

• Support for up to 64 virtual processors and 1TB memory per VM

Massive scalability for the most demanding workloads

LogicalProcessors

320

Physical Memory

4TB

64ClusterNodes

1TBVirtualMemory

64VirtualCPU

Enterprise Class

Scale for Key

Workloads

DemoMassive Scalability

Virtual Machine NUMA

• Projects NUMA topology onto a virtual machine

• Allows guest operating systems and applications to make intelligent NUMA decisions

• Aligns guest NUMA nodes with host resources

• Workloads such as SQL Server 2012, or IIS 8.0 can take advantage of Guest NUMA

In Guest Non-Uniform Memory Access

Guest NUMA topology by default matches host NUMA topology

vNUMA node A vNUMA node B vNUMA node A vNUMA node B

NUMA node 1 NUMA node 2 NUMA node 3 NUMA node 4

Virtualized Workload Performance

SQL Server 2012

• 64 vCPU support drove 6x performance increase over previous version of Hyper-V

• 6.3% overhead compared with physical

Exchange 2013

• Virtualized 48,000 simulated users on a single Hyper-V host across 12 VMs, with low response times

SharePoint 2013

• Scaled to over 2 million heavy users at 1% concurrency, across 5 VMs on a single Hyper-V host

High levels of performance for key Microsoft workloads

4 8 16 32 640

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

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0.9

1

Hyper-V Virtual CPU Scalabilitywith OLTP Workloads

Virtual Processors Per VM

Tra

nsact

ions/S

ec

Avera

ge T

ransact

ion R

esponse T

ime (

Sec)

Windows Server 2012, SQL Server 2012, Single VM, 64GB of RAM

2 4 6 8 10 120

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Exchange Workload Scalability on Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-

V

Virtual Machines

Exch

ange 2

013 M

ailboxes

Exch

ange D

B R

ead R

esponse T

ime (

ms)

3 vCPU, 16GB RAM per VM, JetStress 2010

1 2 3 30

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

2,000,000

2,200,000

2,400,000

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

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0.8

0.9

1

SharePoint Workload Scalability on Windows Server 2012 with Hyper-

V

Web Front Ends

Heavy U

sers

(1%

Concu

rrency

)

Avera

ge R

esponse T

ime (

Sec)

8 vCPU, 12GB RAM per WFE VM

Virtual Hard Disks | 4K Disk Support

Virtual hard disk 4 KB block (blue) not aligned with physical 4 KB

boundary

Physical sector 0 Physical sector 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11

12

13

14

15Logical sector

Sector bitmap

First 4 KB for payload data

Capabilities• Improved performance of virtual hard

disks on 512e disks

• Ability to host virtual hard disks on native 4 KB disks

Benefits• Reduces impact of 512e disks on

virtual hard disk stack

• Workloads complete more quickly

VHDX & Support for Advanced Format Drives

Features• Storage capacity up to 64 TBs

• Corruption protection during power failures

• Optimal structure alignment for large-sector disks

Benefits• Increases storage capacity

• Protects data

• Helps to ensure quality performance on large-sector disks

New Virtual Hard Disk FormatVHDX Provides Increased Scale, Protection & Alignment

Large allocations and 1 MB aligned

Header region

Data region (large allocations and 1 MB aligned)

Metadata region (small allocations and unaligned)

Intent logBlock

Allocation Table (BAT)

Metadata table

User data blocks

Sector bitmap blocks

User metadata

File metadataHeader

Online VHDX Resize

Expand Virtual SCSI Disks

1. Grow VHD & VHDX files whilst attachedto a running virtual machine

2. Then expand volume within the guest

Shrink Virtual SCSI Disks

3. Reduce volume size inside the guest

4. Shrink the size of the VHDX file whilst the VM is running

Online VHDX Resize provides VM storage flexibility

Expanded Virtual Disk & Volume without Downtime

30 GB Primary Partition 10 GB Unallocated40GB Primary Partition

DemoOnline VHDX Resize

Offloaded Data Transfer (ODX)

OffloadCopy

Request Token

Write Request

TokenSuccessful Write Result

External Intelligent Storage Array

Virtual Disk Virtual Disk

Actual Data

Token

Benefits

• Rapid virtual machine provisioning and migration

• Faster transfers on large files

• Minimized latency

• Maximized array throughput

• Less CPU and network use

• Performance not limited by network throughput or server use

• Improved datacenter capacity and scale

Token-based data transfer within the storage array

Live migration maintaining Fibre Channel connectivity

Virtual Fibre Channel in Hyper‑V

Hyper‑V host 1 Hyper‑V host 2

Worldwide Name Set B

Worldwide Name Set A

Worldwide Name Set B

Virtual machineVirtual machineLIVE MIGRATION• Unmediated access to a storage area

network (SAN)

• Hardware-based I/O path to virtual hard disk stack

• N_Port ID Virtualization (NPIV) support

• Single Hyper‑V host connected to different SANs

• Up to four Virtual Fibre Channel adapters on a virtual machine

• Multipath I/O (MPIO) functionality

• Supports Live migration

Access Fibre Channel SAN data from a virtual machine

Worldwide Name Set A

DemoOffloaded Data Transfer

Virtual Receive Side Scaling

• vRSS makes it possible to virtualize traditionally network intensive physical workloads

• Extends the RSS functionality built into Windows Server 2012

• Maximizes resource utilization by spreading VM traffic across multiple virtual processors

• Helps virtualized systems reach higher speeds with 40 Gbps and 100 Gbps NICs

• Requires no hardware upgrade and works with any NICs that support RSS

Provides Near-Line Rate to a VM on Existing Hardware

Node 0 Node 1 Node 2 Node 3

2

2

3

3

1

1

0

0

Incoming packets

RSS

vProcvProcvProcvProc Virtual

MachinevNIC

vRSS

Without

Without

Dynamic Virtual Machine Queue

Without VMQ

• Hyper-V Virtual Switch is responsible for routing & sorting packets for VMs

• This leads to increased CPU processing, all focused on CPU0

With VMQ

• Physical NIC creates virtual network queues for each VM to reduce host CPU

With Dynamic VMQ

• Processor cores dynamically allocated for a better spread of network traffic processing

Increased efficiency of network processing on Hyper-V hosts Hyper‑V Host

CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3

Without VMQ

Hyper‑V Host

CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3

With VMQ

Hyper‑V Host

CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3

With DVMQ

Single Root I/O Virtualization

• Standard that allows PCI Express devices to be shared by multiple VMs

• More direct hardware path for I/O

• Reduces network latency, CPU utilization for processing traffic and increases throughput

• SR-IOV capable physical NICs contain virtual functions that are securelymapped to VM

• This bypasses the Hyper-V Extensible Switch

• Full support for Live Migration

Integrated with NIC hardware for increased performance

Virtual Machine

VM Network Stack

Synthetic NIC

Hyper‑VExtensible Switch

SR-IOV NIC VF

Traffic Flow

Virtual Function

VF

Traffic Flow

VF

Dynamic Memory

Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1

• Introduced Dynamic Memory to enable reallocation of memory automatically between running virtual machines

Enhanced in Windows Server 2012 & R2

• Minimum & Startup Memory

• Smart Paging

• Memory Ballooning

• Runtime Configuration

Achieve higher levels of density for your Hyper-V hosts

VM1

Maximum

memory

Hyper‑V

Physicalmemory

pool

Minimummemory

Maximummemory Memory in use

Physicalmemory

pool

Memory in use

Physicalmemory

pool

Administrator can increase maximum memory without a restart

Dynamic Memory | Smart Paging

Hyper-V Smart Paging

• Reliable way to keep a VM running when no physical memory is available

• Performance will be degraded as disk is much slower than memory

Used in the following situations:

• VM restart

• No physical memory is available

• No memory can be reclaimed from other virtual machines on that host

Utilize disk as additional, temporary memory

Hyper‑V

VM1

Maximum

memory

Virtual machine starting with Hyper‑V smart paging

Minimummemory

VMn

Minimummemory

Maximummemory

VM2

Maximummemory

Minimummemory

Physicalmemory

pool

Physicalmemory

pool

Physicalmemory

pool

Startup increases memory in use

Paging file provides additional memory for startup

Removing paged memory after virtual machine restart

Memory reclaimed after startup

Physicalmemory

pool

Memory in useafter startup

Resource MeteringFeatures• Uses resource pools

• Compatible with all Hyper‑V operations

• Unaffected by virtual machine movement

• Uses Network Metering Port ACLs

Benefits of Resource Metering• Easier to track virtual

machine use

• Can be used to aggregate data for multiple virtual machines

• Can be used to build accurate lookback and chargeback solutions

• Easier to obtain resource use data

MetricsAverage CPU use

Average memory use

Minimum memory use

Maximum memory use

Maximum disk allocation

Incoming network traffic

Outgoing network traffic

Incoming storage IOPS

Outgoing storage IOPS

A two-tenant environment built with Hyper‑V in Windows Server

2012 R2

VM 1Customer

1

VM 2Customer

1

VM 3Customer

1

VM 1Customer

2

VM 2Customer

2

VM 3Customer

2

Virtual Machine Resource Metering20 10

Resource Pool Internet Resource Metering10 5

3045 2540

Resource PoolInternetCustomer 2

30 55

Resource PoolInternetCustomer 1

0

0 0

0

1015202530354045505152025

Network Quality of Service

Bandwidth Management

• Establishes a bandwidth floor

• Assigns specified bandwidth for each type of traffic

• Helps to ensure fair sharing during congestion

• Can exceed quota with no congestion

2 Mechanisms

• Enhanced packet scheduler (software)

• Network adapter with DCB support (hardware)

Achieve desired levels of networking performance

Relative minimum bandwidth

Strict minimum bandwidth

Bandwidth oversubscription

Normal priority

High priority Critical

Hyper‑V Extensible Switch

W=1 W=2 W=5

Bronze tenant

Silver tenant

Gold tenant

Hyper‑V Extensible Switch

100 MB 200 MB 500 MB

1 Gbps

Gold tenant

Gold tenant

Gold tenant

Hyper‑V Extensible Switch

500 MB 500 MB 500 MB

1 Gbps

NIC Teaming

1 Gbps

Storage Quality of Service

• Allows an administrator to specify a maximum IOPS cap

• Takes into account incoming & outgoing IOPS

• Configurable on a VHDX by VHDXbasis for granular control whilst VM is running

• Prevents VMs from consuming allof the available I/O bandwidth tothe underlying physical resource

• Supports Dynamic, Fixed& Differencing

Control allocation of Storage IOPS between VM Disks

IOPS1,5000

500

1000

Hyper-V Host

Virtual Machine

OS VHDX

Data VHDX

DemoQuality of Service

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