› Indirect control allowed existing political rulers to handle much of the daily work while countries that ruled by direct control viewed locals as unable to control their own country. Often in direct rule, the imperialist takes

care of their needs but gives them no rights.

Imperialists often want locals to assimilate to the dominant culture.

Improved weaponry - maxim gun

Steam boat to navigate rivers Improved communication to

administer empire, railroads, cables, and steam boats

Quinine - drug preventing malaria

Westernization› Sanitation› Government› Culture› Christianity› So much more!

The policy was set in 1899 and went into action after the Boxer Rebellion.

The defeated Chinese government was forced to pay retribution to invading Western countries.

Western countries realigned their territories to make space for the U.S.

The Chinese government resisted Western traditions and its people did not trust the officials. The Chinese fell prey to other countries for decades.

The Japanese embraced Western culture and revamped its society. It quickly became a world power.

Build Schools Reduce crime Improve local textile

industry Plant cash crops

Introduced railroads Improve medical

facilities Increase food

production End suttee

Build Schools Introduced railroads Improve medical facilities End suttee

The Mughal Empire fizzled out of power after isolating itself for so long.

Britain’s victory at the Battle of Plassey paved the way for the British East India Company to seize control – indirect control.

German army and strong central government

British navy U.S. system of education

› North Africa Islamic, part of Ottoman Empire

› Sub-Saharan 1000 different languages Kingdoms to small tribes Many different ethnic groups

Muslim Ottoman Empire (Berbers) had controlled northern access for centuries before losing power in the 19th century.

Rivers not easily navigable Sahara Desert Disease

Reduced local warfare Improved sanitation Medicine and hospitals Schools Entered international economy Built infrastructure

Railroads, dams, and telephone and telegraph lines

Diseases like smallpox, 1000’s died Famine resulted from switch from

subsistence farming to cash crops Lost culture and traditional societal

structure Village life disrupted

Political Legacy Rival groups forced to live together Artificial boundaries still plague

Africa

New consisted of quicker, more direct control, dominant takeover of WHOLE country.

Old consisted of taking over smaller parts like cities or regions for trading posts, etc.

The Boers (Afrikaners, Dutch) had managed to coexist with the Zulus.

However, the British wanted all the land in South Africa and pitted themselves against the Zulu and Boers.

This resulted in the British winning and securing the land of South Africa.

Japan established spheres of influence over Korea

Scottish missionary David Livingstone traveled deep into Africa to spread Christianity.

American newspaper reporter Henry Stanley discovered him several years later.

This sparked an interest in imperializing Africa.

What is “Raj”?

Following the Sepoy Mutiny when the British government took direct rule over India.

The Boers used this to fight off the British. What is it?

The Boer War is considered the first modern “total” war in that everybody was involved.› Guerrilla tactics› Commando raids› Women and children were imprisoned