( i )

By

Vinay Gupta

Upkar Prakashan, Agra-2

(Paper-II & III)

( ii )

Third Edition : 2014

© Publishers

Publishers

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( iii )

Contents●●●●● Previous Years’ Solved PapersUnit 1 : Concept, Ideas and Terms 1–13

– World History : Concepts, Ideas and Terms 10

Unit 2 : From Indus Valley to the Mahajanpadas 14–70

– Sources of Ancient India 14

– Pre-History and Proto-History 16

– Indus Valley Civilisation 22

– Characteristics of Indus Civilisation 24

– Vedic Period 30

– Origin and Settlement of the Aryns 31

– Date of Arrival and Spread 31

– Vedic Literature 32

– Life in the Rig Vedic Period 33

– Later Vedic Civilisation 36

– Main Characteristics of Later Rig Vedic Age 39

– Differences and Similarities between Indus Civilisation and Vedic Culture 39

– Period of Mahajanapadas 39

– Rise of Urban Centres 42

– Rise of Magadha and Nandas 44

– Causes of Magadhan Supremacy 46

– Causes for the Rise of Magadha 47

– Spread of Jainism and Buddhism 47

– Contribution of Buddhism 54

– Iranian Invasions 55

– Macedonian Invasions 56

● Objective Type Questions 58

Unit 3 : History of India from 4th Century B.C. to 3rd Century A.D. 71–129

– Mauryan Empire 71

– Chandragupta Maurya 74

– Bindusara 75

– Ashoka 76

– Mauryan Administration 79

( iv )

– Art and Architecture under Mauryas 82

– Causes of the Decline of Mauryan Empire 84

– Sangam Society 86

– The Sungas 89

– The Kanvas 90

– Contribution of Trade to the Development of Indian Economy and Society 91

– Post-Mauryan Period 93

– Growth of Urban Centres 94

– Development of Religions 98

– Principles of Mahayanism 99

– Developments in Art and Architecture 100

– Literary Developments 103

– Developments in Science and Technology 104

– Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India 104

– The Satvahanas 105

– Political History of South India 106

– Satvahanas Administration 108

– Sangam Administration 109

– Economic Life under the Satvahanas and the Sangam Kings 111

– Art and Architecture 112

– General Review of Science and Technology 114

● Objective Type Questions 117

Unit 4 : India from the 4th Century A.D. to 12th Century A.D. 130–203

– Imperial Guptas and Harsha 130

– Sources of Understanding the Gupta Rule 130

– Political History of Guptas 131

– Gupta Administration 134

– Social Life During Gupta Age 138

– Education During Gupta Age 139

– Literary Activities During Gupta Age 140

– Growth of Science and Technology 141

– India’s Relations with Neighbouring Countries 141

– Development of Art and Architecture 142

– The Vakatakas 143

– Harshavardhana (A.D. 606–647) 144

– Regional States of India 145

– Administration, Culture and Civilisation (750–1200 A.D.) 164

( v )

– Economic Conditions and the Feudal Economy 166

– Social Condition 168

– Religious Condition 168

– Literature 169

– Fine Arts 170

– Education and Learning 171

– Science and Technology 172

– Social and Economic Conditions 178

– The Relations of India with Foreign Countries 186

– Political History of Indian States in the East and the South-East 188

● Objective Type Questions 190

Unit 5 : India from 1206 to 1526 204–314

– Sources of Medieval Indian History 204

– Political Developments : Expansion and Consolidation 210

– Muhammad Ghori’s Invasion 213

– Ilbari or Slave Dynasty 213

– The Khalji Dynasty (A.D. 1290–1320) 216

– The Tughlaqs (A.D. 1320–1412) 218

– The Saiyyids (A.D. 1414–51) 220

– Lodhi Dynasty (A.D. 1451–1526) 220

– The Vijayanagar Empire 220

– Sangam Dynasty (A.D. 1336–1486) 221

– The Bahmani Empire 223

– Administrative and Military Organisation and Land Revenue System 224

– Changes in Society and Economy 230

– Economy (Growth of Urban Centres Trade and Commerce, New Crafts, Industry and Technology) 233

– Evolution of Indo-Persianculture : Literature and Art 235

– Art 236

– Administration under the Delhi Sultanate 240

– Invasions of the Mongols 262

– The Maratha Movement 264

– The Rise of the Peshwas and Expansion of Maratha Power 266

– Administration in Medieval India 268

– Administrative System in Vijayanagar 273

– The Bahmani Administration 274

– The Maratha Administration 274

( vi )

– Peshwa Administration 276

– Economic Aspects 276

– Socio-Religious Movements 281

– Sufism 281

– Bhakti Movement 284

– Vaishnavism 285

– The Sikh Movement 290

– Society 292

– Position of Women 294

– Cultural Life in Medieval India 295

– Sultanate Period : Literature 297

– Fine Arts 299

– Architecture 299

– Art and Literature in Vijayanagar 302

● Objective Type Questions 303

Unit 6 : India from 1526 Onward 315–362

– Mughal Dynasty 315

– Later Mughals 321

– Causes for the Downfall of the Mughal Empire 324

– Sher Shah’s Administrative Reforms 326

– Mughal Administration 329

– Economic Life in the Mughal Period 335

– Mughal Period Social Life 339

– Literature of Mughal Period 341

– Fine Arts of Mughal Period 343

– Architecture of the Mughal 344

– Education under the Mughals 345

– Beginning of the European Trade 346

● Objective Type Questions 349

Unit 7 : Socio-Economic and Cultural Life under the Mughals 363–388

– Economy and Society (Mid 16th and 17th Centuries) 363

– Village Community 364

– Growth of Trade and Commerce with Europe 366

● Objective Type Questions 373

Unit 8 : Foundation of the British Rule 389–442

– Sources and Historiography 389

– Rise of British Power 390

( vii )

– The Establishment and Expansion of British Dominion in India 395

– Carnatic Wars 395

– Reasons for the Success of the British against the French 397

– British Occupation of Bengal 397

– The Battle of Plassey (A.D. 1757) 399

– The Battle of Buxar (A.D. 1764) 400

– Anglo-Mysore Wars and Conquest of Mysore 401

– War with Marathas 402

– Anglo-Sikh Wars 404

– Administration of the Company and Crown 404

– Constitutional Developments (A.D. 1773–1853) 405

– Local Self-Government 409

– Constitutional Changes (1909–1935) 411

– Judicial Administration 418

– Civil Services 420

– The Army 422

– The Police Structure 423

● Objective Type Questions 425

Unit 9 : Economic and Social Policies 443–521

– Economic History 443

– Commercialisation of Agriculture 446

– Rural Indebtedness 447

– Famines and Epidemics and the Government Policies 449

– Starchy Commission Recommendations (1880) 450

– Lyall Commission 451

– Appointment and Recommendations of Macdonnell Commission 451

– Disruption of Economy 454

– Decline of Cottage Industries and Town Handicrafts 454

– De-Industrialisation and Decline of Indian Handicrafts 456

– Discriminatory Industrial and Commercial Policy of the British Rulers 457

– Development of Modern Industries 458

– Sectoral Growth of Indian Industries 460

– Labour Legislation 461

– Trade Union Movement 462

– Early Trade Union Movements 463

– Monetary Policy 466

– Drain of Wealth Theory 468

( viii )

– Indian Society in Transition 469

– Women as Focus of Social Reform 472

– Women in the National Movement 472

– Literacy and Cultural Improvements 475

– New Trends in Art 481

– Film Industry 482

– Major Developments in Education 487

– The Printing Press 491

– Socio-Religious Reform Movements 493

– Muslim Reform Movements 497

– The Aligarh Movement 497

– Nature and Limitation of the 19th Century Renaissance 499

– Social Reforms : Lower Caste Movements in General and Social Change 499

– Caste Movements in South India and Maharashtra 502

– Women’s Issues 504

● Objective Type Questions 508

Unit 10 : National Movement and Post-Independent India 522–571

– Revolt of 1857 524

– The Causes of Tribal Uprisings 526

– Major Tribal Revolts 527

– Peasant Movements 527

– Swadeshi Movement 528

– Ideologies and Programmes of Indian National Congress (1885–1920) 529

– The Moderates 530

– The Extremists 531

– The Surat Split of 1907 532

– The Formation of the Muslim League 532

– The Morley-Minto Reforms 532

– Home Rule Movement (1916) 532

– Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1919) 533

– The Revolutionary Terrorist Movement 533

– Gandhian Mass Movements 535

– Definition of the Left 536

– The Indian National Army 540

– Communal Strands 541

– The Swaraj Party 544

– Political Developments During (1924–30) 545

( ix )

– Towards Partition and Independence : The Post-1945 Development 548

– India after Independence (1947–64) 549

– Integration of the Indian States 550

– The Kashmir Question 551

– The Making of the Indian Constitution 552

– The Demographic Trends 554

– Economic Policies and the Planning Process 555

– Reorganisation of States 556

– Foreign Policy Initiatives 556

– A Brief History of India’s Non-Alignment (1947–64) 557

● Objective Type Questions 558

Unit 11 : Research in History 572–592

– Scope and Value of History 572

– Objectivity and Bias in History 574

– Historical Sources 574

– Archaeology and History 575

– The Scope of Ancient History 584

– Sources and Approaches of History 589

Elective 1 : Ancient Indian History 593–626

Elective 2 : Medieval Indian History 627–661

Elective 3 : Modern Indian History 662–700

UGC-NET/JRF/SET History (Paper II andIII)

Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : 9789350133026 Author : Vinay Gupta

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