· i . 'i~ mstorical and archaeological...

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, 'I~ mSTORICAL AND ,I' ARCHAEOLOGICAL 'I ASSESSMENT OF THE I PROPOSED EXTENSIONS TO I WESTFIELD SHOPPINGTOWN,

P ITA, N.S.W. I ~I

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I I I I I I I I I I I I ~I

I I I I I . 1 'I .1;

Edward Higginbotham M.A. Cambridge

CONSULTANT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICES

www.higginbotham.com.au

Dr. Edward Higginbotham. Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd.

Phone: +612 9716 5154. Fax: +612 9716 8547 .

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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

, I

HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

OF THE PROPOSED EXTENSIONS TO

WESTFIELD SHOPPINGTOWN, PARRAMATTA, N.S.W.

E Higginbotham

Consultant Archaeological Selvices

www.higginbotham.com.au

Dr. Edward Higginbotham. Edward Higginbotham & Associates Pty Ltd.

Phone: +612 9716 5154. Fax: +61297168547.

For

Westfield Developments.

February 1992

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Proposed extensions to Westfield Shoppingtown, Parramatta, N.S.W.

CONTENTS.

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 1

2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ....................................................... 3

2.1. Section 7, Allotment 31, Argyle Street (InventOlY Number 130) .............. 3

2.1.1. Thomas and Emma Blake ............................................... .4

2.2. Section 7, Allotment 30, Argyle Street. ........................................... 6

2.3. Section 7, Allotment 29, Argyle Street (Inventory Number 131) .............. 7

2.3.1. John MacManus (MacManis) ............................................ 7

2.4. Section 6, Allotment 20, Aird Street (Inventory Number 135) ............... 10

2.4.1. Ann Byrn Slnith ......................................................... 11

2.5. Section 6, Allotment 19, Aird Street (Inventory number 136) ................ 12


2 .. 6.1. Martin Sweeney ......................................................... 13

2.6.2. Tholnas Parkes .......................................................... 14

2.7. Section 6. Allotment 16. Aird Street (Inventory Numbet 138) ............... 16

2.7.1. James Howarth .......................................................... 17

2.8. Section 6, Allotment 15, Aird Street. ............................................ 20


2.10. Section 4, Allotment 24, Aird Street (Inventory Number 141) .............. 22

2.10.1. James Watsford ........................................................ 22

2.11. Section 4, Allotment 25, Aird Street.. .......................................... 25

2.12. Section 4, Allotment 26, Aird Street.. .......................................... 26

2.13. Section 4, Allotment 10, Campbell Street.. .................................... 27

2.14. Section 4, Allotment 11, Campbell Street (Inventory Number

144) ........................................................................................ 27

2.14.1. WilIiam Roberts ........................................................ 28


2.15.1. John Foreman Staff. .................................................. 30

2.16. Section 4, Allotment 13, Campbell Street. ..................................... 34




2.20. Section 3, Allotment 28, CampbeII Street (Inventory Number

145) ........................................................................................ 37

2.20.1. Robert Davis ........................................................... 37

2.21. The historical character of the neighbourhood ................................. 38

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3. SITE SURVEY ............................................................................ 44

3.1. Photographic record of the proposed extensions to Westfield

Shoppingtown ............................................................................ 46

4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND RESEARCH

DESIGN ......................................................................................... 51

5. RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................. 53

5.1. Archaeological excavation ......................................................... 53

5.2. Archaeological monitoring programme .......................................... 55

5.3. Standard conditions of an excavation permit. ................................... 56

5.4. Conservation of archaeological features ......................................... 57

APPENDIX 1. LIST OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES WITHIN

THE PROPOSED WESTFIELD SHOPPINGTOWN

EXTENSIONS. EXTRACTS FROM THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL

ZONING PLAN ............................................................................... 65

APPENDIX 2. PARRAMATTA RATE ASSESSMENT BOOKS .............. 68

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Proposed extensions to West field Shoppingtown, Parramatta, N.S.W.

I. INTRODUCTION.

This report was commissioned by West field Developments on 28 October 1991. Its

purpose is to assess the requirements of archaeological investigation prior to and during

the proposed extensions to the Westfield Shoppingtown at Parramatta.

The present Westfield Shoppingtown in Parramatta is located on the city blocks,

bounded by Church, Campbell, Marsden and Argyle Streets. The continuation of Aird

Street was closed for the construction of this shopping complex. The extensions

comprise the properties on the northern side of Aird Street, between O'Connel\ and

Marsden Streets, and the eastern half of the block, bounded by Aird, Marsden,

Campbell and O'Connell Streets. It also includes the redevelopment of part of the

present Westfield Shoppingtown, namely the corner of Argyle and Marsden Streets,

and the nOl1hem side of CampbeIl Street (Figure 1.1).

I .. .. .. a: lll>

,(

RAILWAY

.. .. .. a: .. In

\ \r-----~

t.ROYLI STREET

Extensions are shaded.

Figure I. I. Location plan of Westl'ield Shoppingtown, Parramatta, showing the proposed extensions (dark shading).


Proposed extensions to West field Shoppingtown, Parrarnatta, N.S.W.

1 r GREAT WE III I ST~8~ .!11~HWAY

Olx lOOm 1 !

Figure 2.2. Part of the Archaeological Zoning Plan of Parramalta, showing inventolY numbers for arclweological sites. Comparison with Figure 1.1 will indicate those sites included in this investigation (Original plan prepared by Paul-Alan Jol1nson).

The site therefore takes in a number of former town allotments, several of which are

included in the Inventory of the Archaeological Zoning Plan for Parramatta.! A

number of allotments within the area of the proposed extensions do 110t have inventory

numbers in that study, because they were not developed until after 1844. Since this

was the chronological limit of the study, later sites were not included in the inventory,

although it was indicated that they could also be of archaeological significance. 2 All

sites from the commencement of settlement to the early twentieth century, have been

included in this historical and archaeological analysis (Figure 1.2).

I Higginbotharn, E & Johnson, P-A. The future ofParramatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. /788 to /844, Department of Planning, 1991. See Appendix I for the list of sites, as extracted from this publication. 2 Higginbotham, E & Johl1son, P-A. The future ofParramatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844. DepaIlment of Planning, 1991. See Appendix I for the list of sites, as extracted from this publication.

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2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.

The historical research in this chapter is arranged in accordance with the Inventory of

the Archaeological Zoning Plan for Parramatta. Some allotments within the area of the

proposed extensions do not have inventory numbers in that study, because they were

not developed until after 1844. Since this was the chronological limit of the study, later

sites were not included in the inventory, although it was indicated that they could also

be of archaeological significance.! All sites from the commencement of settlement to

the early twentieth century, have been included in this historical analysis.

Historical research of all the allotments forming part of the proposed extensions would

have been beyond the scope or requirements of this project. Various means have been

adopted to streamline and decrease the extent of necessary historical research. Site

survey for the Archaeological Zoning Plan, repeated in more detail for this project,

enabled the survival of archaeological evidence to be assessed. 2 Where the

archaeological evidence was destroyed by previous development, detailed historical

research was considered unnecessary. In other cases, where an allotment was

developed only by a certain date, historical research of owners or occupiers prior to that

date has not been undertaken in detail.

The historical research in this report was undertaken to elucidate the land use and

economic strategies of the owners and occupiers of allotments. It has also been

designed to address the most important research issues of historical archaeology, so

that the archaeological significance of each allotment may be assessed in a later chapter

of this report.

2.1. Section 7, Allotment 31, Argyle Street (Inventory Number 130).

No occupant of this allotment is listed in the Return of Allotments in 1823.3 It was first

officially leased on 30 June 1823 to Charles Jackson.4 He conveyed this lease to James

Bardsley on 26 September 1829 for £ 10.16.0.5 Bardsley himself sold the leasehold on

1 Higginbotham, E & John50n, P-A. The future of Panalllatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991. See Appendix 1 for the list of sites, as extracted from this publication. 2 See Chapter 3. 3 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town ofParramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 4 Ser. 25. P. 163. LTO. 5 Bk. K. No. 409. LTO.

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this allotment to Emma Biake on 2 'January 1836 for £50. 6 The Town Map of

Parramatta indicates that it was granted to John Walker in trust, but this is a clerical

error.7 In fact it was granted to Emma Blake on 10 September 1842, by her payment of

21 years quit rent in advance. 8 Cartographic evidence indicates that no building was

erected on this allotment until between 1836 and 1844.9 It can therefore be assumed

that the masonry building, depicted on the 1844 map, was built by Emma Blake. IO

2.1.1. Thomas and Emma Blake.

Thomas Blake manied Emma Williams at Parramatta on 3 December 1832.11 Their

backgrounds cannot be researched with any certainty before this date. Emma Blake

bought the leasehold of Allotment 31 of Section 7, Parramatta, from James Bardsley

for £50 on 2 January 1836.12

By 1836, Thomas and Emma Blake were residing on Church Street, Parramatta. It was

reported in the Australian on 5 February 1836 that Thomas Blake was building 5

cottages on Hunter Street, Parramatta. 13 The property may be identified in later

documentation as part or all of Allotments 28 to 31 of Section 12, on Hunter Street,

Parramatta. 14 Emma Blake complained on 2 January 1838 that delays by the

government in preparing the deeds to Allotments 28 and 30 had caused her loss of

income:

'this delay has prevented my making certain improvements on the lands,

for which I have long been provided with the means; and has thereby

subjected me to considerable ioss'I5

6 Bk. K. No. 410. LTO. 7 Department of Lands, NSW. 1961. Map of the Town ofParramatta, and suburban

'and adjacent lands, Sydney. 8 Application 23919, LTO. 9 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future of Panamatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to J 844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, lohnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799. 10 Brownrigg, W.M. 1844. Plan ofthe Town of Pal Ta matt a and the adjacent properties, M3. 811.1301l1844/l. 11 Register of Marriages, Register 15, Entry 922, 1832 12 Bk. K. No. 410. LTO. 13 Australian, 5-2-1836. 14 Bk.22. No. 714. LTO. 15 EmmaBlake, 2-1-1838, CSRL. 2/7803. AONSW.

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Proposed extensions to Westfield Shoppingtown, Parramatta, N .S. W.

By 1838, Thomas Blake was established as a baker on Church Street, Parramatta. 16

However between 1842 and 1851, Thomas and Emma Blake moved to Sydney, with

his occupation then listed as a licences innkeeper,l7

In spite of their move, Thomas and Emma Blake had also built a masonry house on

their Argyle Street property by 1844. 18 Since they had convelied the allotment from

leasehold to grant in 1842, it is likely that the house was built between 1842 and 1844,

especially in view of the circumstances surrounding the granting of the Hunter Street

allotments. This building on Argyle Street is also depicted on maps, dated to 1858 and

1895.19 They may have immediately leased the building to a Mr. Jenner, because in

1851 he is indicated as the previous tenant. On 3 February 1851, the house and

outbuildings were again leased to James Brown of Parramatta, tallow chandler, for a

period of 5 years at a rental of £20 a year.20

On 8 April 1852, Thomas and Emma Blake placed all their property in the hands of

trustees, namely George Oakes and James Byrnes, both eminent citizens ofParramatta.

Their reasons were to direct the inheritance of their propeliies. Clearly Emma Blake had

brought to the marriage partnership independent finance, with which the couple

invested in property. She owned the allotment on Argyle Street, the allotments on

Hunter Street already mentioned, together with the four houses erected on them, and

two portions of 30 acres in the Parish of the Field of Mars, north of Parramatta. The

deed specifically excluded two of the houses on Hunter Street, already sold. Thomas

Blake possessed the 'Robin Hood Inn' on Old South Head Road, Sydney, where they

now lived. He also owned 70 acres in the Parish of the Field of Mars, and other

allotments in Parramatta, including one on Pennant Street (now Victoria Road) (Section

8. Allotment 5), and three on the Western Road (Section 2. Allotments. 6-8). For the

purposes of inheritance, Thomas's property was to pass to the only son, Henry

Thomas Blake, while Emma's was to pass to Emmaline Emma Blake, otherwise

Meehan, the only daughter. However the latter was to be disinherited if she continued

her unmarried relationship with Patrick Meehan, and only the 'issue of her body

lawfully begotten' were to be considered as heirs.21

16 Thomas Blake, 1-3-1838, CSRL. 217803. AONSW. 17 EmmaBlake, 14-6-1842, CSRL. 217803. AONSW; Bk. 20 No. 153. LTO. 18 Brownrigg, W.M. 1844. Plan of the Town ofPal1amattaand the adjacent properties, M3. 811.130111844/1. 19 Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 8111130111; Appendix 2. 20 Bk. 20. No.153. LTO. 21 Bk. 22. No. 714. LTO.

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On 12 April 1856, Thomas and Emma Blake sold the house and premises on Argyle

Street to Francis Netterville Watkins, Parramatta, merchant, for £900. By this time, the

5 year lease to James Brown, tallow merchant, had expired. In turn, on 7 December

1869 Hannah Eliza Watkins, widow of Francis Watkins, sold the house to George

Coates, Parramatta, builder, for £160, revealing a substantial loss in value. George

Coates or his family retained the property until at least 1919.

The historical documentation indicates that Thomas and Emma Blake had a small

portfolio of properties, all of which were probably tenanted. The most valuable town

allotments were developed with houses, which were then tenanted or sold. This income

was augmented by Thomas's trade as a baker in Parramatta, and then as a publican in

Sydney. The Argyle Street allotment is a good example, with a house being built on it

by 1844, followed by at least 2 tenants before it was finally sold for the considerable

sum of£900.

2.2. Section 7, Allotment 30, Argyle Street.

In the 1823 Return of Allotments in Parramatta, Charles Iackson is listed in prior

occupation of this allotment.22 It was officially leased on 30 June 1823 to James

Braudy, while Charles Jackson leased the neighbouring Allotment 3 I .23 The allotment

was sold by Crown purchase to Ioseph Booth on 6 May 1857, the lease having been

allowed to expire and revert to the Crown.24 In such cases, the Crown only

compensated the former lessee for the value of improvements, prior to the public

auction of the land.25 On 14 November 1868 Ioseph Booth, Parramatta, wheelwright,

sold the allotment to Christian Moore, Parramatta, bootmaker, for £37.

No buildings are indicated on this allotment prior to 1844.26 The land is again shown

vacant in 1858 and in 1895.27 Detailed historical research of owners and occupiers has

22 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 23 Ser. 25. P. 164. LTO. 24 Bk. 111. No. 30. LTO. 25 Regulations, 25 August 1834, So. 27 -8-1834. 26 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future ofParramatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map of Parr am at ta, Iohnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799. 27 Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 8111130111; Appendix 2.

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therefore not been undertaken. Reference should be made to the Parramatta Rate

Assessment Books for documentation oflater ownership and land use.28

The impoltant issue to recognise is that lames Braudy (Brody) did not develop this

allotment. He was either unable to do so, or chose to invest his capital elsewhere.

2.3. Section 7, Allotment 29, Argyle Street (Inventory Number 131).

In the 1823 Return of Allotments in Parramatta, James Berkett is listed in prior

occupation of this allotment. 29 On 30 June 1823, the allotment was officially leased to

John Butcher, together with the neighbouring Allotment 28.30 He sold the leasehold of

the two allotments to John MacManus (MacManis) on 15 November 1837 for £80.3l

Both allotments were granted to John MacManus on 30 September 1841, by his

payment of21 years quit rent in advance.32

Cartographic evidence indicates the erection of a building on Allotment 29 between

1836 and 1844. Allotment 28 is not included in this report, it being part of the present

Westfield Shoppingtown and not subject to redevelopment. It had a building upon it

from prior to 1823 and onwards. 33 It may be assumed that John MacManus built the

house on Allotment 29.

2.3.1. John MacManus (MacManis).

John MacManus (MacManis) was born in the Colony in c.1798.34 He had received a

60 acre grant of land at Prospect in 1818.35 In 1822 he stated that he was a

wheelwright and resident on this land, but he had made no improvements to it, nor

28 Appendix 2. 29 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Iown ofParramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 30 Ser. 25. P. 165, 166. LIO. 3l Bk. M. No. 159. LIO. 32 Ser. 52. P. 56, 57. LIO. 33 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future of Panamatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, Johnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799. 34 CS. Memorial No. 700b. 4/1838. AONSW; Sainty M.R. & 10hnson, K.A., Census of New South Wales, November 1828. Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1980, M1148 35 Ser. 12. P. 203. LTO.

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possessed any stock.36 In the Return of Allotments in Parramatta in 1823, he is listed

in prior occupation of an allotment on Macquarie Street (Section 15. Allotment 24).37

By 1824 he was also resident in Parramatta, but was applying to the government for an

additional grant. He stated that he now possessed 'a quantity of cattle and horses', the

previous grant now being insufficient for their pasturage. 38 There is no evidence to

suggest that this additional grant was approved.

By November 1828, John MacManus was 30 years old, married to Susanna, by whom

he had two children, John junior, 4 years old, and Mary Ann, 2 years old. He is

recorded as holding 50 acres, which was cleared and all in cultivation. He had no stock

other than a horse. He had no government servants assigned to him. 39 He is also

recorded as a Protestant, but a subscription in 1837 to the Wesleyan Chapel Fund in

Parramatta probably indicates that he was of this non-conformist faith, rather than the

Church of England.4o

On 15 November 1837, John MacManus purchased from John Butcher the leasehold of

the two Argyle Street allotments in Parramatta, namely Section 7, Allotments 28 and

29, for £80, 'together with the cottage or tenement thereon' .41 On 30 September and 14

December 1841, he converted the leases on his allotments to grants, including the two

allotments on Argyle Street, the one on Macquarie Street and another on Hunter Street

(Section 9, Allotment 16) The deeds indicate that by this time he was residing on the

Hunter Street property.42

By 1844 John MacManus had built four semi-detached brick cottages on Allotments 28

and 29, Argyle Street. These buildings are again depicted in 1858, and in 1895, on

both occasions with outbuildings at the rear.43

36 General Muster and Muster of New South Wales, 1822 Edited by C.J. Baxter, Australian Biographical and Genealogical Record and Society of Australian Genealogists, Sydney, 1988, A13947, B1388. 37 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 38 CS. Memorial No. 700b. 4/1838. AONSW. 39 Sainty M.R. & Johnson, K.A., Census of New South Wales, November 1828. Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1980, M 114S-M 1151. 40 Australian, 4-S-183 7, p.2. 41 Bk. M. No. 159. LTO. 42 Ser. 52. P. 55, 56 and 57. 43 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future of Parramatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, Johnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Pali

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By 1870, John MacManus had moved into premises to the Western Road, Parramatta.

He mortgaged his Macquarie Street allotment to the Permanent Mutual Benefit Building

and Investment Society of Sydney for £100 on 30 April 1870.44 This mortgage was

reconveyed by his executors on 5 April 1874.45

On 6 May 1871 John MacManus sold the western moiety or half of Section 7,

Allotment 29 on Argyle Street, 'together with all houses outhouses' to Joseph Booth,

Parramatta, wheelwright, in trust for £ I 05. The property was to be held in trust for

Sarah Booth for life, to receive the 'rents issues and profits', and then to her heirs for

ever. This transaction was carried out ·with the consent of her husband, George Booth,

Parramatta, baker, in order that her sole title to the house was recognised. The wording

also indicates that the property was intended for tenancies. 46 Joseph Booth had been

the owner of Allotment 30 on Argyle Street until 1868.47 FUliher research may indicate

that John MacManus was making a specific provision for a daughter, who had married

George Booth. .

On 20 June 1871 , John MacManus sold his property on the Western Road to Andrew

Pay ton, Parramatta, Esquire, for £100, 'together with all buildings and fixtures'

(CUMBERLAND. ST. JOHN. Portion 27, Old Domain).48

John MacManus made his will on 15 August 1871. He died on 30 April 1873, while

probate was granted on his will on 21 December 1874. Rowland George MacManus

inherited an allotment on Macquarie Street, Parramatta. He sold this on 9 February

1878 for £350 with all buildings, etc. This is the first mention of this particular

allotment, which must have been acquired by John MacManus during his lifetime

(Section 13. Allotment 89).49 Susannah Matilda lones, formerly Booth, and the grand

daughter of John MacManus, inherited the other Macquarie Street allotment (Section

15. Allotment 24). Frederick Jones, Pyrmont, chemist, and his wife, Susannah

MatildaJones, mortgaged this allotment for £792 on 7 March 1879.50

1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 8111130111; Appendix 2. 44 Bk. 119. No. 23. LTO. 45 Bk. 142. No. 24. LTO. 46 Bk. 124. No. 644. LTO. 47 Bk.111. No. 80. LTO. 48 Bk. 125. No. 230. LTO. 49 Bk. 177. No. 314. LTO. 50 Bk. 191. No. 980. LTO.

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The remaining propelty on Argyle Street probably was inherited, rather than purchased

by Arthur P. MacManus and J oseph Booth. Inheritance is most likely, since a

conveyance would have been registered. These individuals may have been inheriting

for their own use, or in trust for the heirs of John MacManus. As mentioned above, the

family of Joseph Booth, Parramatta, wheelwright, was related to the family of John

MacManus by marriage. Arthur MacManus inherited the brick house on the eastern half

of Allotment 29, and another on the western half of Allotment 28. J oseph Booth

inherited the remaining brick house on the eastern half of Al10tment 28. 51

The above historical outline of the life of John MacManus indicates that he used his

trade as a wheelwright to provide an income. With the profits derived from this trade,

he was eventually able to purchase properties in Parramatta, and to erect houses upon

them. Tenants would then provide an additional means of income. He resided first on

his land at Prospect, then in Parramatta. He may have lived on Macquarie Street, but

certainly on Hunter Street, and then on the Western Road. The properties on Argyle

Street appear to have always been intended for tenants.

2.4. Section 6, Allotment 20, Aird Street (Inventory Number 135).

The 1823 Return of Allotments in Parramatta lists William Smith in prior occupation of

this allotment. 52 On 30 June 1823 it was officially leased to him.53 The leasehold on

the allotment was converted to a grant to Ann Byrn Smith on 30 June 1843, through the

payment of 21 years quit rent in advance. 54 Cartographic evidence indicates the

presence of a house on the allotment in 1823, but not in 1836. A wooden house had

been constructed by 1844.55 The allotment was again shown vacant in 1858, but had 2

buildings by 1895, one fronting Aird Street, the other on the corner of Aird and

O'Connell Streets.56

51 Appendix 2. 52 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town ofParramatta, AONSW 417576. 53 Ser. 25. P. 180. LTO. 54 Ser. 53. P. 92. LTO. 55 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future of Parramatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, Johnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799. 56 Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2.

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2.4.1. Ann Byrn Smith.

The title to this allotment proved almost impossible to trace under Old System Title. The

common name and ownership by a female, causes severe difficulties. By virtue of

marriage, female surnames change. These changes are not cross-referenced in the

indices for the Old System Title. Nonetheless the following evidence was revealed

through title search and other historical research.

A key document to the identification of Ann Byrn Smith and her family background is

the Report on the Case, taken before the Land Commissioners on 30 March 1843, in "

order to prove her title to the Aird Street allotment. In this report, she stated that her 0< "il'

grandfather, Wil1iam Smith, died intestate, the allotment therefore being inherited by '" - - ., 1

her father, William Smith junior. He left the allotment to his daughter, Ann Byrn

Smith. On 25 July 1835, Ann Smith, the widow of William Smith junior, gave the

allotment to Joseph Kenyon (Kingyan) in tmst for her daughter, Ann Byrn SmithY

In spite of the above evidence it is still difficult to identify with celtainty Wil1iam Smith,

senior or junior, among available historical documentation, although it is obvious that

Ann Bym Smith was born in the Colony.

On 26 June 1843, she mortgaged Allotment 20 on Aird Street to George Lavon

(Leabon) for £60. 58 The allotment was granted to her on 30 June 1843, by her paying

21 years quit rent in advance, namely a sum of £28.7.0.59 She did not live on the

allotment, as it was in the possession of tenants in 1843.60

Ann Bym Smith married Robert Pike on 28 July 1845 at Saint Bartholemew's

Church.61 Her propelty henceforward legally belonged to her husband, and title may

therefore be followed in the name of Robert Pike and his wife. On 9 March 1878, ,

George and Harry Leabon, the heirs of George Leabon, both of Blacktown, and

respectively a blacksmith and railway labourer, forced Robert Pike, Blacktown,

labourer, and his wife, Ann Byrn Pike, formerly Smith, to sell the Aird Street allotment

to repay the outstanding mortgage and interest in arrears. The propelty was sold to

William Hay, Prospect, Blacksmith, for £60, £40 being paid to George and Harry

Leabon, the remainder to Robelt and Ann Byrn Pike.

57 Report on Case No. 1184,2/1772. AONSW; Bk. H. No. 515. LTO. 58 Bk. 4. No. 403. LTO. 59 Ser. 53. P. 92. LTO. 60 Report on Case No. 1184, 2/1772. AONSW. 61 Register of Marriages, 1845, Vo!. 30, Entry No. 293. AONSW.

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Proposed extensions to West field Shoppingtown, Parramatta, N.S.W.

It is unlikely that Robert Pike owned other property, since there are no registered

transactions in his name until 1878. Further evidence of his financial situation is

provided by the arrears of interest on the above loan, and the fact that no house was

indicated on the allotment in 1858.62 Indeed the land was vacant until about 1882,

when William Hay built a wood and brick house, and leased it to Samuel Ruston. 63

As with other landholders in the area, Ann Byrn Smith and her husband chose to live

elsewhere, and place tenants on their allotment. The above evidence also suggests that

their income was insufficient to purchase other property, indicating that they were at the

lower end of the socio-economic scale in terms of being able to purchase a house and

land.

2.5. Section 6, Allotment 19, Aird Street (Inventory number 136).

The 1823 Return of Allotment in Parramatta lists Joseph Kenyon (Kingyan) in prior

occupation of this allotment.64 It was officially leased t6 him on 30 June 1823.65 On 4

July 1831 Joseph Kenyon, Prospect, farmer, sold the leasehold on this allotment to

Thomas Parkes, Parramatta, stonemason, for £8.10.0.66 Thomas Parkes converted the

leasehold to grant on 11 June 1841, by his payment of 21 years quit rent in advanceP

Cartographic evidence indicates that Thomas Parkes built 2 masonry buildings on this

allotment between 1836 and 1844.68 They are again depicted on the 1858 and 1895

plans. The Rate Assessment Books indicate that they were constructed using brick. 69

Thomas Parkes also purchased the neighbouring Allotment 18, and detailed historical

research may be found" under that heading.

62 Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Pali 1. SRA Archives, 965/2. 63 Appendix 2. 64 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 65 Ser. 25. P. 179. LTO. 66 Bk. E. No. 546. LTO. 67 Ser. 52. P. 49. LTO. 68 Higginbotham, E & Johnsol1, P-A. The future of Pan-amatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning PlaIl. 1788 to 1844, Depariment of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, Johnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799. 69 Appendix 2.

12




The 1823 Return of Allotment in Parramatta lists Martin Sweeney in prior occupation of

this allotment.1o It was officially leased to him on 30 June 1823. 71 Martin Sweeney

sold the eastern part and then the remainder of the allotment to Thomas Parkes on 13

October and 7 December 1832 for £10 and £21 respectively.12 Thomas Parkes

converted the leasehold to grant on 13 September 1841, by his payment of 21 years

quit rent in advance.73

Cartographic evidence indicates a house on the allotment in 1823, while it was vacant in

1836. Thomas Parkes had built a brick house upon it by 1844, forming one in a row of

three built by him on this and the neighbouring Allotment 19.74 These three houses are

again shown in 1858, with the addition of another building on the eastern end. The

other thr~e houses are again depicted on the 1895 map, but the fourth house has been

replaced by two semi detached bUildings.75 Detailed historical research is therefore

required for Martin Sweeney, the owner of the house in 1823, and for Thomas Parkes.

2.6.1. Martin Sweeney.

Martin Sweeney was born in c. 1767 into a Catholic family. He was convicted and

transported with a seven year sentence from Ireland to New South Wales in 1802 on

the ship, 'Atlas' .16

On 1 0 January 1810 his name was placed on a list for approval by the Governor as a

sworn constable in the town of Parramatta.17 On 9 June 1810 he was granted a

70 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town ofParramatta, AONSW 417576. 71 Ser. 25. P. 178. LTO. 72 Bk. E. No. 466 and 596. LTO. 73 Ser. 52. P. 136. LTO. 74 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future of Parramatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, Johnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Appendix 2. 75 Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 811/130111. 76 Sainty M.R. & Johnson, K.A., Census of New South Wales, November 1828. Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1980, S3024. 77 CS. 9/2736, p.8. AONSW.

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certificate of freedom.78 As a constable he was paid from the Police Fund for

apprehending 3 bushrangers in 1814.79

On 13 Mat 1818 he applied for a grant of land, stating that he had served more than 14

years in the Watch at Parramatta as a constable. Fifty acres were approved, although it

appears that the grant was later cancelled.8o In 1822 he is listed as resident on his grant,

with 5 acres cleared, one head of cattle, a hog and 2 bushels of maize in store.8!

By 1823 he was in occupation of Allotment 18 in Aird Street and had built a house

thereon. 82 He continued as a constable until at least 1828, when he is listed as a

pensioner, aged 61, employed as a constable. By this time the 50 acre grant is no

longer listed in his name. 83

It is unlikely that Martin Sweeney married or had any children in New South Wales. In

his old age he therefore sold the leasehold on his town allotment to Thomas Parkes for

a total of £31 in 1832.84 He may then have lived in rented accommodation, or have

been cared for in other ways. Martin Sweeney is characteristic of a number of persons

who held town allotments in this part of Parramatta. He was old at the time he received

his allotment, and had no children. The inheritance of their property was therefore not

an issue, enabling the sale of the allotment to gain additional savings for his old age. In

other cases it resulted in the relinquishment of title to the leasehold propeliy after the

death of the owners. Matiin Sweeney is unusual among the first landholders of this part

of Parr am at ta, because he actually lived on the allotment, rather than elsewhere.

2.6.2. Thomas Parkes.

Thomas Parkes was transported to New South Wales, but had certainly gained his

freedom by 1816, when he name was included among those who had been approved

78 CS. SZ758. P. 51. AONSW. 79 CS. SZ758. 5/2/1814. P. 456. AONSW. 80 CS. Memorial No. 57. 4/1822a, pp. 181-2. AONSW; Ser. 4. P. 154. LTO. 8! General Muster and Muster of New South Wales, 1822 Edited by C.J. Baxter, Australian Biographical and Genealogical Record and Society of Australian Genealogists, Sydney, 1988, A20503, BO 1853, the latter incorrectly listed as Maliha Sweeney. 82 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576.' 83 Sainty M.R. & Johnson, K.A., Census of New South Wales, November 1828. Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1980, S3024. 84 Bk. E. No. 466 and 596. LTO.

14



for grants of land.85 The deeds to a grant of 50 acres of land near Parramatta were

prepared on 13 January 1818.86

In 1822 Thomas Parkes was listed as working on the Boat at Parramatta, and possibly

therefore in government employment. He had three children, Thomas, aged 16, Peter,

aged 13, and John, aged 9 years old. His wife is not listed, nor was his land and

sto~k. 87 Thomas Parkes and his family were not listed in the 1828 Census.

On 4 July 1831, Th~mas Parkes, Parramatta, stonemason, bought the leasehold of

Allotment 19 on Aird Street from Joseph Kenyon for £8.10.0. 88 The following year,

on 13 October and 7 December 1832, he purchased the leasehold of the neighbouring

Allotment 18 from Martin Sweeney for a total of £31.89 He was residing on this

property by 1841, when he decided to convert the leasehold to grant, by paying 21

years quit rent in advance. Allotments 19 and 18 were granted to him on 11 June and

13 September 1841 respectively.90 Thomas Parkes had built a row of three brick

houses on this land by 1844.91

the next registered transaction relating to Allotments 18 and 19 is dated to 18 August

1925.92 The absence of other registered transactions suggests that the properties were

inherited, or perhaps some irregularity in the transfer of the properties. 93 By 1864

George Beresford owned the three houses, while the fourth house at the eastern end of

this row, as shown on the 1858 map, was owned by WiIliam Croucher.94 By 1870

George Beresford lived in the house at the western end of the row of four, and had

85 General Muster and MusteJ' of New South Wales, 1822 Edited by C.J. Baxter, Australian Biographical and Genealogical Record and Society of Australian Genealogists, Sydney, 1988, AI6366-16369; 9/2652, p. 24. AONSW. 86 Ser. 6. P. 220. LTO. 87 GeneJ'al Muster and Muster of New South Wales, J 822 Edited by C.J. Baxter, Australian Biographical and Genealogical Record and Society of Australian Genealogists, Sydney, 1988, A 16366-16369 88 Bk. E. No. 546. LTO. 89 Bk. E. No. 466, 596. LTO. 90 CSRL. Thomas Parkes, 22-4-1841, and 5-7-1841. 2/1768. AONSW; Ser. 52. P. 49, 136. LTO. 91 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future of Parramalta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, Johnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Appendix 2. 92 Vol. 3765. Fol. 83, 84. LTO. 93 Further title search may alter the interpretation of this evidence. 94 Parramatta Rate Book, 1864, Appendix 2.

15



placed tenants in the other two in his possession. William Croucher lived in his

house. 95

The paucity of historical documentation for Thomas Parkes makes it difficult to define

his socio-economic strategy. His skill as a stonemason may have provided sufficient

income and profit for him to purchase his own house and to build others for tenants.

The available evidence suggests that he was at the lower end of the socio-economic

scale in relation to the affordability of a house and land. He was unusual for a

landholder in this part ofParramatta, in that he lived on his allotments.

2.7. Section 6. Allotment 16. Aird Street (Inventory Number 138).

The 1823 Return of Allotments lists lames Howarth (Howth) in prior occupation of

this town allotment. 96 It was officially leased to him on 30 June 1823.97 There are no

further registered transactions relating to this property until 1891. It is clear that the 21

year leasehold had been allowed to expire in 1854. Thomas Weedon is indicated as the

owner in 1864, although in fact he had no legal title to the land.98 By 1870 it had come

in to the hands of Edwin Oatley, and it is likely that it was his heirs to whom the

property was eventually granted. 99 On 14 July 1891, it was granted to Frederica Mary

Roberts, lesse Jane Newman, the wife of Thomas Edward Luscombe Newman,

Florence Broughton, the wife of Charles Henry Broughton, Edith Constance

McKenny, the wife of Edward B. McKenny, Edward Ernest Allan Oatley, and

Frederick Augustus Oatley, as tenants in common and all of Sydney. 100

Cartographic evidence indicates that James Howarth had erected a house on this

allotment by 1823. A building is also shown on the map of 1836, but by 1844 the land

was vacant. 101 It remained vacant until at least 1895. 102 Detailed historical research is

therefore required for lames Howarth.

------- ----- ---

95 Appendix 2. 96 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 97 Ser. 25. P. 177. LTO. 98 Parramatta Rate Book, 1864, Appendix 2. 99 Appendix 2. 100 Vol. 1021, Fol. 149. LTO. 101 Higginbotham, E & 10hnson, P-A. The future of Pal1Clmatta's Past. An archaeologicaJ Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, 10hnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799.

16

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2.7.1. James Howarth.

There are a number of difficulties in identifying the James Howarth, who leased

Allotment 16 on Aird Street. While it may initially be considered as an unusual name,

there were three James Howarths listed in the 1822 Muster, two of whom were at

Parramatta. However of these, only one was able to hold property in 1822, namely the

James Howarth, who possessed a ticket of leave, and had arrived as a convict, with a

14 year sentence, on the ship' Indefatigable' in 1815. He is listed as holding leasehold

property at Parramatta, on which he resided. No acreage is given, so it may be assumed

to be a town allotment of less than one acre, upon which he had one horse and 3

hogs.l°3 This evidence relates well with the 1823 Return of Allotments for Parramatta,

where he is listed in prior occupation of Allotment 16 on Aird Street. I 04

He was given permission to marry at Castlereagh on 10 to 14 August 1818. 105

However the 1828 Census indicates that he had married Jane Howarth (her maiden

name is unknown), but that she had been transported only in 1822. By 1828 they had

no children. He was listed as having one head of cattle. 106

No other person by the name of lames Howarth is listed in the 1828 Census, except for

a 3 year old, the son ofJohn Howarth ofParramatta,.so the above identification may

therefore be considered to be the most reliable. I 07 Little other information is available

with an equal level of certainty. In the above documentation the ship of arrival is always

mentioned, however in the following references this is not the case.

On 24 December 1820, James Howarth was paid for salted and fresh pork delivered to

the Commissariat Store at Parramatta. 108 On 14 November 1821, Robert Cooper and

James Chisholm were permitted to employ him in the procurement of cedar in the

------------------------- - --------

102 Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, PaItI. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 81111301lI. 103 General lVIuster and Muster of New South Wales, 1822 Edited by C.J. Baxter, Australian Biographical and Genealogical Record and Society of Australian Genealogists, Sydney, 1988, AI0557-10559, B998. 104 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 105 CS. 4/2399, p. 18. AONSW. 106 Sainty M.R. & Johnson, K.A., Census of New South Wales, November 1828. Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1980, H2527-8. 107 Sainty M.R. & Johnson, K.A., Census of New South Wales, November 1828. Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1980, H2531 and H 2536. 108 CS. 4/1745. p. 355,41 1748, p. 142, 152. AONSW.

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Illawarra. 109 In 1821 and 1822, he gave evidence on the seizure of Hamilton Hume's

cedar at Five Islands, WoIIongong, stating his occupation as a carrier of Parramatta. 110

On 4 June 1825, J ames Howarth petitioned the governor for a coach service between

Sydney, Parramatta, Windsor and Liverpool, requesting remuneration and the

exemption from tolls. III

The evidence relating to his occupation as a carrier and his association with Parramatta

ties together the above historical documentation and suggests a high .level of certainty in

, attribution. The remaining evidence requires him to have remarried and also to have

relocated to Sydney. 112

James Howarth, giving his address as Sydney, applied to the Colonial Secretary to

lease 2 sections ofland on the Shoal haven River in the County of Saint Vincents on 18

February 1836. 113 Mr. J. Howarth also obtained a licence to depasture stock in the

Monaro (Maneroo) on 1 Noveinber 1842.114

On 24 March 1843 James Howarth and his wife, Mary, mortgaged two messuages and

premises on a Sydney allotment to Sophia Louisa MacLean for £250. 115 The allotment,

namely Section 44, Allotment 12, on King and Kent Streets, had been granted to

Thomas Bowen on 20 May 1840. He had died on 17 April 1842, leaving the allotment

to his widow, Mary Bowen. She had married James Howarth on 4 October 1842,

thereby giving James Howarth legal title to the land. 116 On 30 May 1843 Sophia

MacLean transferred the mortgage to Charles Falconer for £250. 117 James and Mary

Howarth borrowed a further £100 against the mortgage on 30 November 1843,

bringing the debt to a total of£350. 118 On 28 June 1844, James and MaryHowarth

borrowed another £50 against the mortgage, bringing the total debt to £400. By this

time they had moved from Walton's Cottages, near Goulburn Street, Sydney, back to

Parramatta. 119 They had clearly been renting premises in Sydney and had tenanted the

houses on their own allotment.

109 CS. 4/3504a. p. 79. AONSW. 110 CS. 4/1760. p. 208j, k, s, and 4/5783, p. 12-14,18, 19. AONSW. III CS. 4/1782, p. 60. AONSW. 112 Further research may give an indication of the plausibility of this identification. 113 CSRL. 217884. AONSW. 114 SMH. 1-11-1842. 115 Bk. 3. No. 543. LTO. 116 Bk. 10. No. 386. LTO. 117 Bk. 4. No. 235. LTO. 118 Bk. 5. No. 405. LTO. 119 Bk. 7. No. 6. LTO.

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On 6 January 1845, James Howarth, Parramatta, yeoman, and his wife, Mary, took

out another mortgage on the Sydney allotment with William Massey, Sydney,

landholder, for £400. 120 In order to obviate any further irregularity, William Massey

required Charles Falconer to register the reconveyance of the previous mortgage on 4

February 1846, although it had in fact been reconveyed on 6 January 1845. 121

An unregistered reconveyance of the above mortgage for £400 must be assumed,

because James and Mary Howarth mortgaged the property again on 26 February 1846

to Robert Styles for £550. 122 On 30 March 1854, James and Mary Howarth borrowed

a further £450 on the mortgage, bringing the debt to a total of £1,000. 123 On 10

September 1856, they did likewise, this time bringing the debt to a total of £ 1 ,200. 124

By 1861 James and Mary Howarth sought to provide for themselves in their old age,

probably because they had no children. They therefore sold the Sydney property to

George Thornton, Darling Point, Sydney, esquire, for £ 1,200 in order to payoff their

debt, and an annuity for life of £312 a year. 125

Assuming that the above J ames Howarth is the one associated with the allotment on

Aird Street, Parramatta, how does this historical documentation fit in with the

cartographic evidence for buildings on the land? A house remained on the allotment

from 1823 until at least 1836, but had been removed by 1844, thereafter remaining

vacant. This relates well with the evidence associating James Howarth with Parramatta

for the period until c.1836. He then resided in Sydney until 1844, then returning to

Parramatta. He could not have lived on his allotment in Aird Street, because it had no

building upon it, so may have chosen to rent premises, as he had done in Sydney.

Circumstances may in fact have persuaded him not to occupy the land in Aird Street,

for example, arrears in the payment of quit rent on the leasehold, the cost of converting

it to a grant by the payment of 21 years quit rent in advance, and the knowledge that the

lease would expire in 1854. He was also 57 old in 1844, but 74 when he chose to take

the annuity on the Sydney allotment.

The case of James Howarth is unusual. While he had resided on his allotment in the

1820s at least, his occupations and interests appear to have caused his relocation to

120 Bk. 8. No. 161. LTO. 121 Bk. 10. No. 385. LTO. 122 Bk. 10 No. 386. LTO. 123 Bk. 31. No. 446. LTO. 124 Bk. 76. No. 159. LTO. 125 Bk. 76. No. 159. LTO.

19



Sydney. As a carrier, he took on cedar procurement in the Illawarra, and also attempted

to expand his business into coaching. Other evidence suggests he may have had

interests in stockkeeping in the County of Saint Vincents and the Monaro, before he

inherited the Sydney allotment through remarriage. Finally his occupation as a yeoman

took him back to Parramatta. James Howarth is one of several lessees of town

allotments in this part ofParramatta, who allowed their 21 year leaseholds to expire in

1854. This suggests that James Howarth and others either did not have the resources to

develop these allotments and convert them to grant and freehold title, or did not value

the land and its location, resorting instead to make their investment of capital elsewhere.

2.8. Section 6, Allotment 15, Aird Street.

This allotment was unoccupied or unclaimed in the 1823 Return of Allotments in

Parramatta. 126 Unlike other town allotments in Parramatta, which were officially leased

on 30 June 1823, it remained unoccupied until it was granted to Joseph Curtis,127

Cartographic evidence indicates that the land remained vacant until between 1858 and

1895. 128

Again the important issue is that the allotment remained undeveloped, the inhabitants of

Parramatta choosing to invest their labour and capital elsewhere. Since both Allotments

15 and 16 on Aird Street exhibit a similar lack of development, the cause of this

situation may be found in the quality of the land itself or in the character of the

neighbourhood as a whole. Poor drainage may have been a problem, especially at the

base of a hill slope.

126 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 127 Department of Lands, NSW. 1961. Map of the Town of Parramatta, and suburban and adjacent lands, Sydney. 128 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future OfPal1'8matta's Past. An archaeological Zoning PlaIl. J 788 to J 844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, Johnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 8111130111.

20




The 1823 Return of Allotments lists James Smith in prior occupation. 129 It was

officially leased to him on 30 June 1823. 130 It was granted by Crown purchase to

George Leary, Sydney, on 12 May 1856, the previous lease having been allowed to

expire. 131 The land was sold by him to Vincent Bellman, Parramatta, plasterer, for

£120 on 18 April 1860. 132 He mortgaged the property to Nicholas Rimmer,

Parramatta, landholder, for £100 on 12 Febtuary 1864, and borrowed a further £30 on

the mortgage on 11 March 1867. 133 Vincent BeIlman must have defaulted on the

mortgage, because Nicholas Rimmer sold it to Joseph CUl1is on 2 September 1875. 134

The allotment remained in the ownership of J oseph Curtis until at least 1887, but by

1909 was owned by Joseph Alexander Curtis. It was inherited by George Daniel Curtis

in 1912.1 35 The house was tenanted from the commencement of the Parramatta rate

Assessment Books in 1870. 136

Cartographic evidence indicates a small house fronting Marsden Street in 1823 and

1836, but it had been replaced by a larger wooden house on the corner of Marsden

Street, but fronting Aird Street by 1844. This house was again depicted in 1858 and

1895. By 1895, the rear of the allotment had been subdivided and 2 semi-detached

cottages had been erected fronting Marsden Street. 137

It is not possible to identify the James Smith associated with this allotment, because of

the frequency of the name and unspecific nature of historical records.

129 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 130 Ser. 25. P. 176. LTO. 131 Ser. 295. P. 1694. LTO. 132 Bk. 74. No. 77. LTO. 133 Bk. 91. No. 358; Bk. 102. No. 774. LTO. 134 Primary Application 32584. LTO. 135 Primary Application 32584. LTO. 136 Appendix 2. 137 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future of Parramatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, Johnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 811/130111.

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The 1823 return of Allotments in Parramatta lists James Watsford in prior occupation of

the allotment. 138 It was officially leased to him on 30 June 1823. 139 He sold the

leasehold to John Foreman on 8 September 1834 for £34. John Foreman Staff inherited

the land, and became the grantee on 30 January 1843, by payment of 21 years quit rent

in advance. 140

Cartographic evidence indicates a house on the eastern part of the frontage in 1823,

with an additional 2 buildings on the 1836 and 1844 maps. The 2 easterly buildings

were constructed in wood, while the other was masonry. These same buildings are also

depicted on the 1858 map, the masonry building in fact being 2 semi-detached houses.

The 2 wooden buildings have been removed by 1895, although the 2 semi-detached

cottages remain. 141

It may be assumed that James Watsford built the first house on the allotment, but that

John Foreman or John Foreman Staff bui1t the remaining houses. Detailed historical

research is therefore required for James Watsford and John Foreman Staff. Because of

his ownership of other allotments in Section 4, namely Allotments 11 to 13, detailed

consideration ofJohn Foreman Staff will be found under the latter heading.

2.10.1. James Watsford.

James Watsford was born in c.1792 into a Protestant family. He was convicted in 1810

and transported from London to New South Wales on the ship 'Guildford' in 1812.

He was assigned to Captain Cohen of the 73rd. Regiment, until the regiment left the

Colony in 1814. He was then granted a ticket of leave, and was engaged by Hannibal

Macarthur until 1817. While in his employment, James Watsford married Jane

Watsford (her maiden name has not been researched), who had been born in the

138 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 139 Ser. 25. P. 183. LTO. 140 Ser. 53. P. 55. LTO; CSRL. 217975. AONSW. 141 Higginbotham, E & 10hnson, P-A. The future of Parramatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Depal1ment of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map of Par ram at ta, 10hnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 8111130111.

22



Colony. (By 1828 the couple had seven children, Elizabeth, aged 13, James junior,

aged 11, John, aged 8, Catherine, aged 6, henry, aged 4, Daniel, aged 2, and Jane

junior, aged 4 months). In 1817 he entered into the employment of J 01111 Macarthur as a

coachman. 142

In 1821, while still in the employ ofJohn Macarthur, James Watsford had contracted to

supply the Commissariat Store at Parramatta with salted pork. 143 He is listed in prior

occupation of the allotment on Aird Street in the 1823 Return of Allotments for

Parramatta. 144 The land was officially leased to him on 30 June 1823, by which time

he had already erected a house upon it. 145

In 1826 he successfully petitioned the Governor for an absolute pardon. 146 This may

have coincided with his leaving the employment of John Macarthur, in order to

establish himself as a coach proprietor in Parramatta. His first advertisement for a

'caravan' between Sydney and Parramatta appeared in the Australian on 1 July

1826.147 By 1828 he owned 6 horses, no doubt used for his coaches. 148 During the

1830s he continued to expand his coach business by inaugurating coaches to Windsor,

Bathurst, Campbelltown, and Penrith.149 He even went into business as Watsford and

Cross in 1838 to put on a real London stagecoach between Sydney and Parramatta. 150

In association with the coaches, he was able to become an agent for the Australian

newspaper in 1834. 151 He also received mail contracts in 1835, but later formed

partnerships to secure these contracts in 1837. 152

142 Sainty M.R. & Johnson, K.A., Census of New South Wales, November 1828. Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1980, W700-W708; HRA. Ser. 1. Vo!. 12, p. 290-1. 143 CS. 4/1748, p. 152. AONSW; General Muster and Jl.1uster of New South Wales, 1822 Edited by c.J. Baxter, Australian Biographical and Genealogical Record and Society of Australian Genealogists, Sydney, 1988, A21968-A21972. 144 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 145 Ser. 25. P. 183. LTO; Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future of PalTamatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Depaltment of Planning, 1991 146 HRA. Ser. 1. Vol. 12, p. 290-1, 678. 147 Australian, 1-7-1826. 148 Sainty M.R. & Johnson, K.A., Census of New South Wales, November 1828. Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1980, W700 149 Australian, 12-12-1829,6-4-1832,30-8-1833,20-2-1835,18-4-1839, p. 3,25-3-1839, p.3, 150 Australian, 20-4-1838, p.3. 151 Australian, 10-1-1834. 152 Australian, 16-1-1835,6-1-1837, p.3.

23



On 30 August 1833, James Watsford advertised a house in Pennant Street (now

Victoria Road), Parramatta for sale. 153 In fact he sold the two allotments, including the

house, to John Paul on 1 and 2 December 1834 for £90. The deed indicates that James

Watsford had tenanted the house prior to its sal et. 154

On 20 September 1833, James Watsford, giving his address as George Street,

Parramatta, advertised that he was commencing business as 'an auctioneer. 155 He

mortgaged this property on the north side ofGeorge Street (Section 22, Allotment 77)

to Penelope Lucas on 12 September 1834 for £200.1561t was later granted to him on

11 August 1841, by his payment of 21 years quit rent in advance. 157 His business as

auctioneer seems mostly to have been concerned with the sale of horses, rather than real

estate, and may have been taken up largely to assist in his business as a coach

proprietor. 158

On 29 May 1834, James Watsford sold his retailing business to his eldest son, James

Watsford junior. 159

On 8 September 1834 James Watsford sold the leasehold of his allotment in Aird Street

to John Foreman for £34. 160

On 29 and 30 December 1834, James Watsford also sold a 50 acre falm, named

'Hubbard's Farm', in the District of the Ponds and the Parish of the Field of Mars to

Robert Gerrald Moffatt, esquire for £ 150. 161

On 4 August 1837, James Watsford, both senior and junior, subscribed to the

Parramatta Wesleyan Chapel Fund, which may indicate the nature of their Protestant

faith. 162

153 Australian, 30-8-1833. 154 Bk. G. No. 700. LTO. 155 Australian, 20-9-1833. 156 Bk. G. No. 393. LTO. 157 Ser. 52. P. 90. LTO. 158 Australian, 6-1-1835,31-3-1835,19-5-1835,2-6-1835,4-12-1835; King Papers, Vol. 2, p. 43. AI977, ML. 159 Australian , 29-5-1834. 160 CSRL. 2/7975. AONSW. 161 Bk. G. No. 785. LTO. 162 Australian, 4-8-1837, p.!.

24



By 1842, James Watsford had become the licensee of the' Union Hotel' in Church

Street, Parramatta, and continued as the proprietor until at least 1844. 163 Perhaps in

association with this new enterprise, James Watsford sought to raise finance by

mortgaging his George Street premises for £400 on 20 October 1842. 164

Tragedy hit the family in 1844 with the premature death of James Watsford junior, a

fortnight after he had competed in a footrace in Hyde Park, Sydney. An inquest was

held to inquire into the cause of death.165 This event may have weighed heavily on

James Watsford senior, who died on 8 June 1845, aged 57. The Sydney Morning

Herald praised his 24 year experience and contribution as a coachbuilder and proprietor

of Church Street, Parramatta. 166

James Watsford used his skills acquired in the employment of John Macarthur to

establish his coaching business in 1826. It is likely also that he used his al10tment in

Aird Street as his initial residence, before moving into the centre of Parramatta in the

1830s. James Watsford's attention was wholly taken up by jlis coaching, auctioneering

and retailing business. He was not interested in the development of property for rental

and resale, as witnessed by his sale in 1834 of the allotments in Pennant and Aird

Streets, Parramatta. Their development he would leave to later owners.


In the 1823 return of Allotments for Parramatta, William Sherwin is listed in prior

occupation of this allotment. 167 It was officially leased to him on 30 June 1823. 168 It

was granted by Crown purchase to George Leary, Sydney, on 12 June 1856, the

original leasehold having been allowed to expi re. 169

Cartographic evidence indicates that it remained vacant until a date between 1858 and

1895. 170

163 SMH 25-4-1842, p.2, 19-10-1844, p.6. 164 Bk. T. No. 343. LTO. 165 SMH 1-10, 18-10, and 22-10-1844. 166 SMH, 11-6-1845. 167 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 417 57 6. 168 Ser. 25. P. 184. LTO. 169 Ser. 295. P. 1692. LTO. 170 Higginbotham, E & J ohnson, P-A. The future of Parramatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. J 788 to J 844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is

25



Detailed historical research on the owners of this allotment is therefore not required. It

is sufficient to note that the owners were either unable to develop the propelty, or chose

to invest in property elsewhere. The occupation of this allotment from 1870 onwards

may be followed by reference to the Parramatta Rate Assessment Books. l7l


No occupant of this allotment in listed in the 1823 Return of Allotments in

Parramatta.172 It was first officially leased to William Sherwin on 30 June 1823.173 He

had also gained the leasehold of the neighbouring Allotment 25. Allotment 26 was

granted by Crown purchase to George Leary, Sydney, on 25 May 1856, the original

leasehold having been allowed to expire. 174

Cartographic evidence indicates that it remained vacant until a date between 1858 and

1895. 175

Detailed historical research on the owners of this allotment is therefore not required. It

is sufficient to note that the owners were either unable to develop the property, or chose

to invest in property elsewhere. The occupation of this allotment from 1870 onwards

may be followed by reference to the Parramatta Rate Assessment Books. 176

also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, 10hnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 8111130 Ill. 171 Appendix 2. 172 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 173 Ser. 25. P. 185. LTO. 174 Ser. 295. P. 1693. LTO. 175 Higginbotham, E & 10h11so11, P-A. The future ofParramatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, 10hnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, PaIt 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 8111130 Ill. 176 Appendix 2.

26



2.13. Section 4, Allotment 10, Campbell Street.

The 1823 Return of Allotments lists WiIIiam Roberts in prior occupation of this

allotment. l77 It was officially leased to him on 30 June 1823. 178 He sold this

allotment, together with the neighbouring 2 allotments to John Foreman on 13 April

1833 for £100. They were inherited by John Foreman Staff. 179 The allotment was

granted to John Foreman Staff, Parramatta, on 30 January 1843, by his payment of21

years quit rent in advance. 180

Cartographic evidence indicates that the allotment remained vacant until a date between

1844 and 1858. Two semi-detached cottages were then built on the land, and remained

until at least 1895. 181 The Parramatta Rate Assessment Books reveal that they were

built of brick. I 82

Detailed historical research on William Roberts and John Foreman Staff is in4:luded in

the discussion of Section 4, Allotment 11 and 12, respectively.

Site survey for assessing the survival of archaeological remains suggests that the

present block of units on this allotment will have destroyed archaeological evidence on

the half of the land near the street frontage. I 83


144).

The 1823 Return of Allotments lists WiIIiam Roberts in prior occupation of this

allotment. 184 It was officially leased to him on 30 June 1823. 185 He sold this

177 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 178 Ser. 25. P. 191. LTO. 179 CSRL. John Foreman Staff, 13-8-1842,2/7975. AONSW. 180 Ser. 53. P. 53. LTO. 181 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future of Parramatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map of Par ram at ta, Johnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 8111130111. 182 Appendix 2. 183 Chapter 3. 184 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576.

27





granted to John Foreman Staff, Parramatta, on 30 January 1843, by his payment of 21


Cartographic evidence indicates a house on this allotment from 1823 onwards. The

1844 map reveals that it was built of timber. The same building is shown on the 1844,

1858 and 1895 maps. The Parramatta Rate Assessment Books confirm that it was built

of wood. 188 The building on the 1823 and 1836 maps is in the same position, but is

not precisely the same shape as on later maps, and may therefore be a different

house. 189

Detailed historical research is required for William Roberts and John Foreman Staff.

Research on the latter is included in the discussion of Section 4, Allotment 12.

2.14.1. William Roberts.

There are several WilIiam Roberts in New South Wales in the 1822 General Muster,

who could be the one associated with Allotments 10 to 12 in Campbell Street,

Parramatta. The most likely contender is the William Roberts, with a conditional

pardon, who had been transported on the ship 'Fortune' in 1806, and who was

residing at Parramatta in 1822.190

William Roberts was born c.1764, into a Protestant family. 191 He was tried at the Old

Bailey in London in 1802 for receiving stolen goods and then sentenced to 14 years

transportation. He arrived in New South Wales in 1806 on the ship 'Fortune'. In 1810

.... _._---------_ .... ' ._.- - ----185 Ser. 25. P. 192. LTO. 186 CSRL. John Foreman Staff, 13-8-1842, 2/7975. AONSW. 187 Ser. 53. P. 52. LTO. 188 Appendix 2. 189 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future of Panamatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Depat1ment of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, 10hnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Great West em Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 811/1301/1. 190 General Muster and Muster of New South Wales, 1822 Edited by C.J. Baxter, Australian Biographical and Genealogical Record and Society of Australian Genealogists, Sydney, 1988, A18038, B1730. 191 Sainty M.R. & Johnson, K.A., Census of New South Wales, November 1828. Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1980, R971-2.

28



he received a ticket of leave. On 29 November 1819 he sought and later received a

conditional pardon. 192

By 1822 he was residing in Parramatta and possessed 17 cattle and 6 hogs, with one

bushel of wheat and five of maize in hand. 193 The 1823 Return of Allotments lists him

in prior occupation of Allotments 10 to 12 in Campbell Street. 194 They were officially

leased to him on 30 June 1823. 195

On 4 November 1823 William Roberts applied for a grant of land, stating that he had

obtained 20 'cattle and a house at Parramatta through carefulness and industry. He also

indicated that he and his wife were now advanced in years, and sought a farm for the

cattle.l96

It is unlikely that his application was approved, because in 1828 he and his wife,

Elizabeth, were listed as householders in Parramatta, still with 40 cattle, but no land to

their names. They are not listed as having any children. 197

By 1833, Wil1iam Roberts would have been 69 years old. Without any children, he

probably decided that the sale of his allotments on Camp bell Street, Parramatta, would

secure funds for his old age. On 14 April 1833, he therefore sold them to John

Foreman Staff for £100. 198


The 1823 Return of Allotments lists Wil1iam Roberts in prior occupation of this

allotment. 199 It was officially leased to him on 30 June 1823.200 He sold this

192 CS. PMS. 4/1860, p.12. AONSW. 193 General Muster and JI,;Juster of New South Wales, 1822 Edited by C.J. Baxter, Australian Biographical and Genealogical Record and Society of Australian Genealogists, Sydney, 1988, A 18038, B 1730. 194 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 195 Ser. 25. P. 191-3. LTO. 196 CS. Memorial No. 276, p.695-6. 4/l835b. AONSW. 197 Sainty M.R. & Johnson, K.A., Census of New South Wales, November 1828. Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1980, R971-2. 198 Bk. E. No. 909. LTO. 199 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 200 Ser. 25. P. 193. LTO.

29





granted to John Foreman Staff, Parramatta, on 30 January 1843, by his payment of21


Cartographic evidence indicates that the allotment remained vacant until after 1895.203

Detailed historical research on William Roberts is included in the discussion of Section

4, Allotment 11.

2.15.1. John Foreman Staff.

John Foreman Staff was born in c.1802 into a Protestant family. He emigrated as a free

settler to New South Wales in 1822 on the ship 'Denmark Hill'.204 As a free settler he

would have been entitled to a grant of land, had the capital available to him been

sufficient. His limited means in fact forced him to seek employment as an overseer with

Mr. Hassall ofParramatta for 2 years. 205

On 30 May 1827 he was appointed a constable at the Female Factory, Parramatta. 206

This position may have been linked to the infant school, which he and his wife were

conducting in Parramatta from that time.207

201 CSRL. John Foreman Staff, 13-8-1842,217975. AONSW. 202 Ser. 53. P. 54. LTO. 203 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future of Parramatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plall. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, Johnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 811/130111. 204 Sainty M.R. & Johnson, K.A., Census of New South Wales, November 1828. Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1980, S2263-5. 205 CSRL. 13-9-1830,217975. AONSW. 206 SG., 30-5-1827, 3a. 207 SG. 5-9-1827.

30



His wife, Mary, was born in c. 1804.208 She had been born in the Colony, but brought

up in the Orphan School. 209 Their first son, lames Samuel Staff, was born in

c.1824.210

John Foreman Staffwas also active in the community in other ways. He was appointed

to the Committee of the Wesleyan Auxiliary Missionary Society in 1827.211 In 1829

his wife subscribed to the Parramatta School ofIndustry, while he collected money on

its behalf.212

On 9 December 1829, John Foreman Staff applied for a grant of land as a free settler.

He stated that he possessed £80 capital, horses valued at £25, implements of husbandry

at £3, and other articles for agricultural purposes at £35. He also received £100 a year

from the government as a teacher at the infant school, making a total of £243 available

for agricultural purposes. This schedule of capital he later re-submitted with alterations

on 30 December 1829. This time it included the value ofa house lately purchased in

Parramatta at £2S and the annual rent received at £ II.S.0. There is no mention of the

horses in this second schedule, or of the £80 capital, thereby reducing the sum now

listed.213 The application dragged on into 1830. He then stated that he was cultivating a

farm purchased at Hunter's Hill, but that he would sell it to improve any land

208 Sainty M.R. & Johnson, K.A., Census of New South Wales, November 1828. Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1980, S2263-S. 209 CSRL. 13-9-1830, 2/797S. AONSW. 210 Sainty M.R. & Johnson, K.A., Census of New South Wales, November 1828. Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1980, S2263-S. 211 So. 30-10-1827, 3a. 212 SO. 3-2-1829, 2f, 3d. 213 CSRL. 9-12, and 30-12-1829, 2/797S. AONSW. This type of application forland was regulated by Government Order No. 3S. Applications for land to be referred to the Land Board in order to assess capital available for agricultural purposes. 'Stock of every Description, Implements of Husbandry, and other Articles which may be applicable to Agricultural Purposes, are to be considered as Capital, as likewise any Half-payor Pension which the Applicant may receive from Government' . Decisions of land Board to be approved by Governor. Land then to be selected by the applicant, and notification of the selection made to the Surveyor General. The latter will place the selected locations in Abstracts for the approval of the Governor, and then an authority to take possession will be made. This Order defined the boundaries within which land could be selected, similar to the Limits of Location, defined in 1829. Land would be granted in portions of one square mile (640 acres) for every £SOO of capital, up to a maximum of 4 square miles; Se., 6-9, and 4-10-1826. Later clarification of this Government Order indicated it was intended only for the encouragement of new settlers, and that capital in the form of goods or merchandise was disallowed on the grounds it was not immediately available for agliculture; SG. 28" 10-1826.

31



granted.214 The Land Board reported in his favour, and appears to have eventually

approved a grant at Parramatta.215

Concurrent with this application he also applied for the grant of a town allotment at

Parramatta on 28 April 1830. He stated that he had purchased two houses in Parramatta

already:

Date of purchase Land Description Value

8-6-1827 0.0.7 112 perches 3 rooms brick and £60

weatherboard

24-2-1830 0.0.35 perches 4 rooms brick and £50. 216

weatherboard

The first purchase may be identi fled as Sec 23, Allotment 66 in George Street,

Parramatta, granted to John Foreman Staff on 29 May 1838.217 The other cannot be

identified at this stage. This application was probably unsuccessful, since no allotment

was granted to him, other than by purchase of the leasehold title from other private

individuals.

John Foreman Staff went on to purchase several town aIlotments in Parramatta. He

purchased the leasehold of Allotments 10 to 12 on Campbell Street from William

Roberts on 13 April 1833 for £100. 218 On 8 September 1834 he purchased the

leasehold of Allotment 24 on AiI'd Street from John Watsford for £34,219 He later

converted these to grants, by paying 21 years quit rent in advance,220 On 9 February

1838, John Foreman Staff also converted the leasehold of an unnumbered allotment in

Section 9, on Ross Street, North Parramatta, again by paying 21 years quit rent in

advance. 221

John Foreman Staff improved these properties by building upon them. One

weatherboard and two semi-detached brick cottages were built on Allotment 24 in Aird

214 CSRL. 13-9-1830,2/7975. AONSW. 215 Australian, 20-1-1832. 216 CSRL. 28-4-1830, 2/7975. AONSW. 217 Ser. 48. P. 54. LTO. 218 Bk. E. No. 909. LTO. 219 CSRL. 24-8-1842, 2/7975. AONSW. 220 Ser. 53. P. 52-55. LTO. 221 Ser. 48. P. 8. LTO.

32

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Proposed extensions to Westf1eld Shoppingtown, Parramatta, N .S. W.

Street between 1836 and 1844. Another 2 semi-detached brick cottages were built on

Allotment 11 in CampbelI Street.222

John Foreman Staff continued his activities in the community in the 1830s and 1840s.

In 1837, he subscribed to the Parramatta Wesleyan Chapel Fund.223 He adveliised that

he would receive subscriptions to the 'Temperance Advocate' in 1840.224 Likewise he

received subscriptions for a book on Samuel Marsden in 1844.225

Evidence of other investments near Parramatta include an advertisement for the rental of

a Sl11all cottage and one acre of land, at Pennant Hills Wharf on 11 June 1844.226

On 14 February 1846, John Foreman Staff, of Rose Cottage, Parramatta, mortgaged

Allotments 10 and lIon Campbell Street to George Oakes, Parramatta, esquire, for

£150. Clearly he needed capital for other purposes, perhaps for building houses and

improvements on his town allotments. The mortgage was reconveyed on 15 February

1850.227

On 28 January 1854, he purchased an allotment of land in Lennox Street, namely

Section 28, Allotment 12 from the Crown for £59.228

In the late 1850s, John Foreman Staff was able to consolidate his holdings in Section

4, Parramatta, bounded by Campbell and Aird Streets. He purchased Allotment 13 on

Campbell Street on 10 February 1858, then Allotment 7 on the same street from

Charles Shelly on 27 February 1863.229

John Foreman Staff only appears to have sold part of one of the allotments he had

accumulated in Parramatta. On 17 May 1864, describing himself as an auctioneer, he

sold the central pm1 of Allotment 24 on Aird Street, excluding a right-of-way to Joseph

222 Higginbotham, E & 10hnson, P-A. The future of Parramatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map of Parr am at ta, 10hnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 8111130 111; Appendix 2. 223 Australian, 11-8-1837, p.3. 224 Australian, 19-9-1840, p.3. 225 SMH., 7-5-1844, p.3b. 226 SMH., 11-6-1844, p.3e. 227 Bk. 18. No. 215. LTO. 228 Ser. 237. P. 185. LTO. 229 Primary Application 128~3. LTO.

33



Samuel Staff, his son, in trust for Amelia Ormrod, Parramatta, the wife of William

Ormrod, Brisbane for £60. It had a weatherboard cottage upon it.230 Amelia Ormrod

was probably the daughter of John Foreman Staff. 231 The latter regained possession of

this allotment on 16 February 1875.232

John Foreman Staff died on 8 August 1876, and was survived by his widow, Mary,

and his son, James Samuel, and one daughter. 233

John Foreman Staff initially derived his income as an overseer, but from 1827 onwards

as a school teacher. From this basis he attempted to invest in rural land, but was more

successful in the 1830s in purchasing town allotments for improvement and income

from tenants. His actual address is not specified in the available documentation, but it

was likely at the infant school until later in his life. The evidence indicates that his town

allotments were probably tenanted. His widow, Mary Staff, lived in one of the semi

detached brick houses on CampbeIl Street from at least 1882 onwards, and perhaps

until her death in 1886.234 John Foreman Staff and his wife may have lived in this

house prior to his death. 235

The economic strategy of John Foreman Staff is similar to several others holding land

in this patt of Parramatta. They were property developers on a small scale, but unlike

John Foreman Staff, most chose to live elsewhere in Parramatta or Sydney.


The 1823 Return of Allotments lists Samuel Larkin (Larken) in prior occupation of this

allotment. 236 Most other town allotments in Parramatta were leased on 30 June 1823,

but this one forms an exception and was not leased at this time. The allotment was later

granted to David Scott.237

230 Bk. 86. No. 116. LTO. 231 This statement may be confirmed by further research. 232 Primary Application 12823. LTO. 233 Bk. 226. No. 566. LTO. 234 Appendix 2; Primary Application 12823. LTO. 235 Appendix 2. 236 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 237 Department of Lands, NSW. 196 I. Map of the Town of Pan-amatta, and suburban and adjacent lands, Sydney.

34





The 1823 Return of Allotments lists George Blaker in prior occupation of this

allotment. 239 It was officially leased to him on 30 June 1823.240 The allotment was

granted to Cordelia Larken, Edgar Larken, John Larken and Eliza Larken.241

Cartographic evidence indicates that the allotment remained vacant until after 1895. An

excavation is marked on the 1895 map.242 Historical research indicates that the

excavation was the clay pit belonging to the former brickworks of Richard Harper and

William Muston. It closed between 1875 and 1882.243

Site survey for assessing the survival of archaeological remains suggests ,that the

present buildings on this allotment will have destroyed archaeological evidence to a

depth of one basement level below Campbell Street.244

238 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future of Parramatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, 10hnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta DetaillV1aps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 811/130 Ill. 239 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 240 Ser. 25. P. 194. LTO. 241 Department of Lands, NSW. 1961. Map of the Town ofPanamatta, and suburban and adjacent lands, Sydney. 242 Higginbotham, E & J ohnson, P-A. The future of Panamatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. J 788 to J 844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, Johnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 8111130 Ill. 243 Appendix 2. 244 Chapter 3.

35

- -- --




The 1823 Return of Allotments lists George Blaker in prior occupation of this

allotment. 245 It was officially leased to him on 30 June 1823.246 The allotment was

granted to the trustees of James Byrnes.247



The 1823 Return of Allotments lists James Wood in prior occupation of this

allotment.249 It was officially leased to John Brennan on 30 June 1823.250 The

allotment was granted to Nathaniel Payten.251

Cartographic evidence indicates that the allotment remained vacant until between 1836

and 1844. The same brick house is depicted on the 1844, 1858 and 1895 maps.252

This part of the Westfield Shoppingtown is not subject to redevelopment.

245 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 246 Ser. 25. P. 195. LTO. 247 Department of Lands, NSW. 1961. Map of the Town ofParramatta, and suburban and adjacent lands, Sydney. 248 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future of PalTamatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, Johnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 8111130111. 249 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 417576. 250 Ser. 25. P. 196. LTO. 251 Department of Lands, NSW. 1961. Map of the Town ofPal1amatta, and suburban and adjacent lands, Sydney. 252 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future ofParramatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, Johnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 8111130111; Appendix 2.

36


Proposed extensions to Westfield Shoppingtown, ,Parramatta, N.S.W.


145).

The 1823 Return of Allotments lists J oseph Marinloff in prior occupation of this

allotment. 253 It was officially leased to John Brennan on 30 June 1823.254 John

Brennan and his wife, Elizabeth, sold it to Robert Davis on 22 June 1843 for £70. 255

The leasehold was converted to a grant by Robert Davis, Church Street, Parramatta on

31 October 1843, by his payment of 21 years quit rent in advance.256

Cartographic evidence indicates that the allotment remained vacant until between 1836

and 1844. The same wooden house is depicted on the 1844, 1858 and 1895 maps.257

Detailed historical research has only been undertaken for Robert Davis, in spite of the

possibility that John Brennan may have built the house prior to its sale in 1843.

2.20.1. Robert Davis.

Robert Davis was married to Ann Davis (her maiden name has not been researched).

She gave birth to a son, Samuel, on 7 March 1840.258 In spite of the above evidence,

little of the background of Robeli Davis can be asceliained with celiainty.

In 1842, Robert Davis was granted the licence to the 'Duke of Wellington Arms' on

Church Street, Parramatta. 259

Robert Davis, Church Street, Parramatta, was granted Allotment 28, Section 26, on

Phillip Street, and also Allotment 28, Section 3, on Campbell Street, Parramatta, on 31

October 1843, by the payment of 2 I years quit rent in advance.26o

253 Surveyor General. 1823. General Return of Allotments in the Town of Parramatta, AONSW 4/7576. 254 Ser. 25. P. 197. LTO. 255 Bk. 4. No. 335. LTO. 256 Ser. 53. P. 97. LTO. 257 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future of Panama tta 's Past. An archaeological Zoning PlaIl. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991; reference is also made to the 1836 map ofParramatta, Johnstone. 1836. AONSW. Map 4799; Great Westem Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Pari 1. SRA Archives, 965/2; Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 811/130 111; Appendix 2. 258 Bk. 32. No. 701. LTO. 259 SMH. 25-10-1842, p.2. 260 Ser. 53. P. 96-7. LTO.

37



Robert Davis died on 25 February 1849. His executors, John Good, Parramatta,

innkeeper, and Thomas Taylor, Parramatta, cabinet maker, sold the 'Duke of

Wellington' public house, together with other houses on Section 26, Allotment 28,

Phillip Street on 28 June 1854 to Edward Hill, Sydney, yeoman, for £975.261 On the

same day, they also sold the house on Campbell Street for £310 to William Brown,

Sydney, wharfinger. 262

The only discrepancy in the above evidence is the location given for the hotel, first

located on Church Street, but probably always on PhiUip Street, Parramatta.

On 8 August 1888, the trustees of Wil1iam Brown sold the allotment on Campbell

Street, 'together with all improvements thereon', for £202. ~ 0.0. to Augustus S,

Fleay.263 The dramatic decrease in value, and the fact that the deed does not directly

specify a house, may indicate that the wooden building was in a very bad state of

repair. The allotment was vacant by 1895.264

From the documentation available for Robert Davis, he appears to have followed the

economic strategy of other landholders in this part of Parramatta. He developed this

allotment and tenanted it, but chose to live elsewhere in Parramatta and to derive most

of his income from other sources, in this case by innkeeping.

2.21. The historical character of the neighbourhood.

The above historical research has revealed common features between the economic

strategies of the landholders on a selection of allotments in this part of Parramatta.

These economic strategies may be divided into a number of groups:

1. The purchase and development of town allotments, followed by their

tenanting or sale. In most cases the landlords had other forms of income, which

enabled their entry into this economic strategy. Thomas and Emma Blake may have

inherited capital, but the basis of Thomas Blake's income was provided by his

occupation as a baker and then innkeeper. They developed and tenanted a number of

allotments, but chose to live elsewhere in Parramatta and later in Sydney. John

261 Bk. 32. No. 701. LTO. 262 Bk. 32. No. 888. LTO. 263 Bk. 394. No. 753a. LTO. 264 Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4. 8111130111

38



MacManus was a wheelwright by trade. The profits derived from his business allowed

him to purchase and build upon a number of allotments. He again chose to live

elsewhere in Parramatta. Ann Byrn Smith, later married to Robert Pike, inherited her

allotment. They had insufficient funds to maintain it, thus indicating that their income

was at the lower end of that necessary to purchase property. Thomas Parkes was a

stonemason, who lived on his allotment. His occupation allowed him sufficient funds

to build houses on his own allotment. John Foreman Staff used his profession as a

school teacher to provide the basis for his investments in property. He may have lived

on one of his allotments in his later years. Robert Davis was an innkeeper in

Parramatta, and again used this income to invest and develop his allotment.

2. Householders residing on their allotments, with employment or

occupations in Parramatta. Martin Sweeney was a constable in Parramatta and

lived on his allotment. Because he had no issue, he sold his allotment to provide funds

and security for his old age. lames Howarth was a carrier and may have resided for a

time on his allotment. His work eventually took him to the IlIawarra and then on to

Sydney. There he remarried and inherited property, but returned to Parramatta by 1844.

He does not appear to have reoccupied his allotment. William Roberts is described as a

householder with a number of cattle and hogs. He failed to obtain rural land of his

own, and resided on his allotments. Since he had no children, he sold his allotments to

provide himself and his wife with capital and security in their old age.

3. Other employment or occupations. James Watsford's occupations as a

coachbuilder and proprietor, retailer and auctioneer seem to have left him little time or

inclination to develop and tenant his allotments in this part ofParramatta. He left their

development to later owners.

4. Tenants with occupations in Parramatta or elsewhere. The historical

documentation for tenants is imperfect. Some leases were registered, and other

documentation sometimes hints at tenants. Until the Parramatta Rate Assessment Books

commence their detailed descriptions of the owners and occupants of properties in the

1870s, it is likely that the lives of most tenants are historically invisible.

There are several features common to all the above economic strategies. All the

landholders or tenants had occupations, professions or trades. It is likely that

employment was a major factor in determining the location of the residence of each

person. Tenants and others were able to reside on these allotments, and to travel to their

employments each day. The nature of the employment of others, namely innkeepers,

39


-~~~~~---------------~~~~~~~-----


wheelwrights and others, demanded that their businesses and likewise their place of

residence was located in the centre of town or along major communication routes. The

fact that these businesses were not located here indicates the importance of residential

land use in the neighbourhood.

The other principal variation in the above economic strategies is land ownership or

occupation. At the lower end of the scale, various occupations would not have provided

an income sufficient for land ownership. The only choice available to these persons

would have been as tenants or lessees. At the other end of the scale, occupations,

including innkeepers, wheelwrights, stonemasons, and school teachers, enabled

sufficient savings to be made to invest in and develop property. The landholders in this

area may be placed on a sliding scale between these two extremes.

There are only a few landholders in this area who were able to base their employment

on their allotments. The historical documentation does not give precise details of the

place of work. For example, Thomas Parkes was a stonemason, but it is unknown

whether he was employed by other builders or stonemasons, or had a stone cutting

yard on his own al10tment (Section 6, Allotments 18-19). He was certainly able to build

three houses on his allotments. Likewise James Howalih was a carrier, and may have

kept his caris and horses, or drays and bullocks on his own land, or may have been

forced to buy feed and place the stock out on agistment (Section 6, Allotment 16).

William Roberts described himself as a landholder. He had cattle and other stock, but

no land other than his allotments. He may have used his allotment for grazing or a

dairy, but would have been forced to seek agistment for most of his stock (Section 4,

Allotment 10-12).

Historical documentation from various sources indicates the use of allotments for

residence, kitchen gardens, orchards and small stockyards. Some aspects of land use

may be ascertained from historical maps, where the ground plan of buildings and

allotments is of a recognisable type. Early historical maps are of little assistance on this

issue, since it can be demonstrated that only the principal building or buildings are

usually shown on each allotment.265 The 1858 map of this part of Parramatta is one of

the earliest detailed maps available, and clearly shows buildings and allotments which

265 Higginbotham, E & Johnson, P-A. The future ofParramatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991.

40



can be recognised as well known types.266 This evidence is supported by the

descriptions in the Parramatta Rate Assessment Books.267

Several allotments have detached or semi-detached houses placed upon them, some

with detached kitchens, but all with WCs in the rear. Some of these houses have

separate enclosures, presumably for kitchen gardens, orchards, or stockyards. The

presence of water holes may indicate the presence of stock (Section 7 Allotments 28-29;

Section 6 Allotments 18-19; Section 4, Allotment 24).

Other allotments with houses also possess a number of outbuildings and other features.

These outbuildings could be used as stables or workshops and stores, but certainly

suggest more than residential usage (Section 7, Allotment 31; Section 6, Allotment 18-

19; Section 4, Allotment 11).

Apart from economic strategies and land use, various other issues manifest themselves

from the documentation researched, including the measures taken where persons had

no children, the failure to convert leases to freehold title and the overall character of the

neighbourhood.

Several lessees of town allotments disposed of property to provide capital and security

in their old age, when they had no children. Only in one case was property sold to

provide an annuity for life. it is assumed that these persons then were able to rent

premises for the remainder of their lives.

It is surprising that several landholders chose to allow the 21 year leases obtained on 23

June 1823 to expire without conversion to grant. The 1823 leases could initially be

converted to grant by one of two means. Landholders could build upon their allotments

improvements to the value of £ 1 000 or more. Once valued a grant would be issued.

This practice was generous on the part of the government, and was probably

discontinued in 1834. 268 None of the leaseholds were converted to grants by this

means between 1823 and 1834, clearly indicating the more economic nature of

development in this pari ofParramatta.

266 Great Western Railway Extension Parramatta to Penrith, 1858, Proclaimed Plan, Part 1. SRA Archives, 965/2 267 Appendix 2. 268 Government Order, 25-8-1834. Government Gazette, 27-8-1834, p.607.

41



The payment of 21 years rental in advance would also enable the issue of title in fee

simple. This was called quit rent, the fee charged for the Crown to quit its rights to the

propeliy. This mechanism remained in place until 1854, when the leases expired, and

accounts for the majority of grants.

As already mentioned, severallandholders allowed their leases to expire. They would

then forfeit their allotments to the Crown and be compensated only for the value of the

improvements. The allotments were then sold by auction, the sale resulting in the

preparation of the deeds. The following allotments were thus sold by the Crown:

Section Allotment Date sold by the Purchaser and

Crown grantee

7 30 6-5-1857 Joseph Booth

6 16 14-7-1891 F.E. Roberts and

others

6 14 12-5-1856 George Leary



The reasons for this failure to convert the leasehold to grant may be numerous. It may

indicate an inability or an unwillingness to do so, or the decision by a lessee to invest

elsewhere. Another reason may have been the quality of the land itself, which may have

been poorly drained, located as it was at the foot of a hillslope. This was put forward as

a reason for the lack of improvement and investment on Allotments 14 and 16 in

Section 6, but may also account for allotments in Section 4.

Another reason for the lack of investment in some allotments may have been the overall

character of this pali of Parramatta. The cemetery of Saint John's Church took up a

substantial part of the western end of the neighbourhood, and its location would have

been chosen on the outskirts of the town. A brickworks stood on Campbell Street until

the l870s, while a tannery, one of the most noxious industries, frOtHed Argyle Street

until c.1874. 269 The extension of the railway in the 1850s divided this part of

Parramatta from the centre of the town. Access was not limited, but it would have

provided a distinct boundary. It is possible to say that this neighbourhood was 'on the

wrong side of the tracks', since its noxious industrial character would have acted as a

deterrent to improvement. This conclusion is confirmed by the hint of other activities

269 Appendix 2.

42

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --


Proposed extensions to Westfield Shoppingt9wn, Parramatta, N.S.W.

located nearby. For example, on 3 February l851, Thomas and Emma Elake leased

their house and outbuildings to lames Brown of Parramatta, tallow chandler, for a

period of 5 years at a rental of £20 a year.270 Tallow production expanded dramatically

in the 1840s depression and was considered as one of the only means of converting

worthless stock to economic advantage. If tallow production was occurring in the area,

then it would have added to the unpleasantness of life in this palt of the town.

270 Bk. 20. No.153. LTO.

43



3. SITE SURVEY.

An archaeological site surveyor preliminary assessment of the condition and survival

of archaeological evidence was undertaken for the proposed extensions to the Westfield

Shopping town in January 1992, and in general confirmed the former assessment made

in the preparation of the Archaeological Zoning Plan for Parramatta. 1

In most parts of the site the present ground surface followed the level and slope of the

surrounding streets. This is a good indication of the survival of archaeological deposits.

Historical documentation has also confirmed the absence of major development likely to

have destroyed previous deposits, except in one case to be descdbed below.

The extent to which land may have been disturbed by previous development is also

indicated by geotechnical surveys. Only a preliminary copy of the geotechnical survey

was made available for this assessment, without a location plan showing the drill sites

and without a log or description of each borehole. Without these elements, the

geotechnical survey was of little assistance in determining the survival of archaeological

deposits. It is not expected that the results of the site survey will be dramatically varied,

once the complete geotechnical survey is available, but it will celtainly assist in the final

determination or choice of sites for archaeological excavation.

There are only two areas where archaeological evidence id likely to have been partially

or mostly destroyed. Their location is indicated in Plan 7. Archaeological investigation.

The Fitzroy, 28 Campbell Street. The excavation of a basement car park under

this block of units is likely to have mostly destroyed archaeological deposits on the

front half of the property, nearest Campbell Street. Deeper deposits, including well

shafts may survive even near the frontage, whereas most archaeological deposits may

sUlvive on the rear half of the site.

Goodyear Tyres and delivery depot for Westfield Shoppingtowll,

Campbell Street, and corner of Marsden Street. The area fronting Campbell

Street has a single level of basement car parking, beneath the level of Campbell Street.

This car park coincides almost exactly with a former brick pit , being part of a

brickworks belonging to William Muston and Richard Harper. The brickworks closed

1 Higginbotham, E & Johl1sol1, P-A. The future ofPanamatta's Past. All archaeological Zoning Plan. 1788 to 1844, Department of Planning, 1991.

44



between 1875 and 1882. 2 The brick pit was still evident on the site until the

construction of the present Westfield Shoppingtown, and recent topographic maps

suggest the brick pit was 3 to 4.5 metres below the level of Campbell Street.

Archaeological evidence at the base of the brick pit may survive, relating to the

operation of the brickworks.

2 Parramatta Detail Maps, Sheet 24, ML. M. Ser. 4.8111130111; Appendix 2.

45


Proposed extensiolls to Westfield ShoppingtowIl, Parramatta, N.S.W.

3.1. Photographic record of the proposed extensions to Westfield

Shoppingtown.

Figure 3. J. Stall' car park with bitumen sur/:JCe at south western corner of the present Westfield Shoppingtown, tinnting Campbell Street (Section 3, Allotment 28).

Figure 3.2. C[lr park with bitumen surf~lce. sloping gently down from the levd of' Campbel/ Street and following hills/ope. between car park el1lIy/cxil and delivelY depot. Campbell Street (Sectiof) 3. ,\1I01111ClllS 23 and 2.5).

46


Proposed extensions to Westl'ield Shoppingtown, Parramatta, N.S.W.

Figure 3.3. Deliver}' depot and Goodyear I:VI(~'S, on Campbell Street and the corner of Marsden Street. 711ere is olle level of basement car park below the level of Camp bel/ Street (Section 3, Allotment 23).

Figure 3.4. Car park Ivith biwllIcn surlilcl.' on the corner or Argyll.' and /\1arsdell Streets. The area is level or slighlly sloping in accordance with the local topography (Section 7, Allotments 28-3/).

47

-~--~ -------~----~- ~


Proposed extensions to Westfield Shoppingtowl1, Parramatta, N.S.W.

-,"",_~ __ ""._d

Figure 3.5. General view of Aird S'treet, showing vacant land on its northern side, general/y used as car parks, but also including an access ramp to the present Westlield ShoppingtowII. The pien'; of the concrete ramp are likely to have caused localised damage la arclweological deposits (Section 6, Allotments 14-20).

Figure 3.6. Concrete slab and brick {ootings of former building at the corner of MaI'Sden and Aird Streets. They are likely (0 have caused minor disturbance to the archaeological deposits (Seclioll 6, AI/oimelll 14).

48


Proposed extensions to West field Shoppingtown, Parramatla, N .S. W.

Figure 3.7. Car park with earth surf[lce at the corner of Aird and 0 'Connell Streets. 711e ground level is slightly lower than fhe kerb, but archaeological deposits are sfilf likely to survive (Section 6, AllolJnent 20).

Figure 3.8. Ct'lleral view o{the eaSfem Iw/fofthe block, bounded by Aird, Marsden and Campbell Streets, showing vacilnt land and access ramps to the present West field Shopping/own. The piers are likely to have caused local disturbance of the archaeological deposits (Section 4. AllotlllCllts 11-13, 24-26).

49


Proposed extensions to Westtlcld Shoppingtown, Parramatta, N.S.W.

Figure 3.9. General view of 'The Fitzroy·. 28 Campbell Street (Section 4, Allotment /0).

Figure 3./0. Detail view or the basement car park level or 'The Fitzroy'. Archaeological deposits on the f{-O/ll hall' or the sile way have been mostly destroyed (Section 4, A I/otment 10).

50

~--------------, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------,



4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND RESEARCH

DESIGN.

Until the 1850s Parramatta was a smal1 but impoltant centre. It was hemmed in on three

sides by private land, and on the west by the Domain. In the 1820s the town had spread

along the Windsor Road on the northern side of Parramatta River, and into the area

bounded by the Western Road and Church Street on the south. The present Westfield

Shoppingtown covers a substantial part of this southward expansion of the town. The

extensions to the shopping centre will remove the archaeological evidence from a

further large portion of the area, leaving little opportunity for future archaeological

investigation of the neighbourhood.

Historical research has revealed the character of the area. By the 1850s it was a less

desirable part of town, with residential buildings and allotments intermingled with

industrial sites, including a tannery. It was bounded on its western fringe by the

cemetery of St. John's Church. Persons owning property in the area included

innkeepers, a stonemason, a wheelwright, a coach proprietor and builders, and a

school teacher. Most chose to live in the town centre, but were able to build houses on

allotments in the area for lease by tenants. This suburban and industrial character of the

neighbourhood continued into the twentieth century.

The available historical evidence scarcely mentions the names or occupations of those

tenanting these houses, nor does it reveal their standard of living. It is also imprecise on

the use to which these allotments were put, other than for residence. General references

mention kitchen gardens, orchards, stockyards and the like, but only hint at other

occupations carried on in outbuildings and yards.

The archaeological investigation of this area will therefore seek to reveal evidence of the

expansion of Parramatta in the 1820s, and its growth as an administrative centre and

market town by the 1850s. It will reveal evidence on the living conditions of tenants

and landhold'ers residing in the area. It will also provide precise information on land use

and on other occupations or industries located on these allotments.

Historical research has also indicated the presence of other industrial activities in the

area. Archaeological excavation of the brickworks on Campbell Street will seek

evidence on the brickmaking technology employed, and attempt to explain why the

brickworks went out of production between 1875 and 1882.

51

~-



Together the historical and archaeological evidence should provide a balanced

understanding of the development and character of this southward expansion of

Parramatta, the second most important historical settlement in New South Wales. The

recovery of the archaeological evidence partly depends on the method of excavation

used. The recommendations in Chapter 5 suggest that test-trenches should be used

initially to determine the survival of archaeological deposits, followed up by area

excavation. This latter method is the most appropriate means of locating outbuildings

and other features not shown on historical maps.l By this means archaeology should be

able to maximise its contribution by revealing evidence not available in historical

documentation.

1 The early maps only depict the principal building on each allotment, and omit to show outbuildings. Care should therefore be taken to allow for the probable presence of outbuildings and other features, when selecting the area to be excavated solely on the basis of the 1823, 1836 and 1844 maps.

52

I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I


5. RECOMMENDATIONS.

The following recommendations for archaeological investigation are based on the

Archaeological Zoning Plan for Parramatta, but in general terms follow the principals

contained in archaeological management plans for Sydney and The Rocks and Millers

Point. 1

Plan 7. Archaeological investigation. This plan indicates the areas

recommended for the archaeological excavation or monitoring programme.

Representative sample refers to the sample of allotments selected for archaeological

excavation on the basis of historical and archaeological assessment. Large sample refers

to the allotments from which the representative sample was chosen.

5.1. Archaeological excavation.

It is recommended that an archaeological excavation should be undertaken on:

1. A representative sample of those allotments developed before the 1850s.2

2. Allotments upon which there is historical evidence for industrial activities.

It is considered not essential to excavate the total number of sites, in order to fully

understand the historical and archaeological evidence for the development and growth

of this part of Parramatta throughout its whole period of settlement. A similar result

may be achieved, providing a representative sample can be selected. The historical and

archaeological assessment forms the basis for the most objective selection of sites. Each

allotment was found to vary in terms of the economic strategies of the landholders, land

use and building types. This variation may be summarised in the following table: 3

1 Higginbotham, E & Johnsol1, P-A. The future OfPaI1Clmatta's Past. An archaeological Zoning PlaIl. 1788 to 1844, Depariment of Planning, 1991; Thorp, Green and Associates, and Anglin Associates. Heritage Inventory for Central Sydney, Department of Planning and the Council of the City of Sydney, 1989; Higginbotham, E., Kass, T. & Walker, M. The Rocks and Mil1ers Point Archaeological Management Plan. Department of Planning N.S.W., and The Sydney Cove Authority. 1991. 2 On those sites chosen for excavation the whole chronological range of development should be investigated from the commencement of settlement to the present. 3 Reference may be made to Chapter 2 for detailed historical analysis.

53



Variation Section Allotment

1. Allotments developed by 1823. 4 11*

4 24*

6 14

6 18*

7 28*

2. Allotments developed by 1823, but later vacant. 6 16

20*

3. Allotments developed with one or more semi- 3 28

detached or detached houses by 1850s.4

4 24*

6 18-19*

7 28*

7 29

4. Allotments developed with houses, stables and other 4 11*

outbuildings by 1850s. 5

6 14

6 18*

5. Allotments developed with houses, stables and other 7 31*

outbuildings by 1850s. This site has more outbuildings

than the others, and may therefore include workshops,

etc. 6

6. Industrial sites. 3 23-25*

It is recommended that a proportion of the sites in the above 6 groups should be

excavated in order to obtain a representative sample. Some sites appear in more than

one group, thereby reducing the total extent of excavation. The allotment numbers

marked with an asterisk in the above table are selected as a representative sample for

excavation. The final selection of sites might be varied once the results of the

geotechnical survey are known, or in response to test-trenching at the commencement

of the archaeological excavation.

4 Historical documentation indicates that in many cases these buildings survived into the twentieth century. 5 Historical documentation indicates that in many cases these buildings survived into the twentieth century. 6 Historical documentation indicates that in many cases these buildings sUlvived into the twentieth century.

54

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I


On those sites chosen for excavation the whole chronological range of development

should be investigated from the commencement of settlement to the present,

Archaeological excavation should be completed before the commencement of

redevelopment, and should use the techniques of area excavation, so as to expose the

footings of buildings, outbuildings and other archaeological features on each

allotment'? It will involve the removal of overburden by mechanical excavator to the

top of the archaeological deposits, and then the manual excavation of those deposits

using a team of qualified archaeologists and other assistants.

Initial test-trenching with a mechanical excavator may be used to precisely determine the

survival of archaeological deposits for the sample selected above, allowing a decision to

be made on the final selection of sites to be excavated.






5.2. Archaeological monitoring programme.

It is recommended that an archaeological monitoring programme should be undertaken

on the remainder of the site, not already subject to archaeological excavation, including:

1. Areas mostly disturbed by previous development.

2. Allotments remaining undeveloped or vacant until after 1850, except where historical

evidence has indicated the location of industrial activities.

3. Parts of allotments developed before and including the 1850s, upon which no

buildings were erected. 8

----------- - --

7 The early maps only depict the principal building on each allotment, and omit to show outbuildings. Care should therefore be taken to use a technique of excavation which will expose the location of outbuildings and other features, not otherwise shown on the 1823, 1836 and 1844 maps. 8 The early maps only depict the principal building on each allotment, and omit to show outbuildings. Care should therefore be taken to allow for the presence of

55



4. Parts of allotments developed before and including the 1850s, not selected as the

representative sample for archaeological excavation (Large sample on Plan 7).9

An archaeological monitoring programme is undertaken during the bulk excavation

stage of redevelopment. Typically it involves the presence of an archaeologist (qualified

supervisor) on site and available to record archaeological evidence exposed by

excavation machinery. A back up team of other archaeologists (one qualified supervisor

and one or two assistants) should be on call to manually excavate important

archaeological features, if exposed. This might include a well or cistern or other deposit

of substantial importance. While there are usually stop-work clauses contained in

excavation permits, in order to enable the successful completion of monitoring

programmes, every effort will be made to avoid unnecessary delay or inconvenience to

contractors.






5.3. Standard conditions of an excavation permit.

The standard conditions of the excavation permit require the work to be completed to a

high standard. The investigation should include:

1. A detailed record of all features and structures discovered, using

plans, photographs and written records.

2. A catalogue of all the artifacts and other relics recovered, including

accurate provenance, description and interpretation.

3. The stabilisation, cleaning and packaging of all the artifacts, and the

placement of the collection in a permanent repository.

4. The backfi11ing of the excavation, where appropriate.

outbuildings, when selecting the area to be excavated solely on the basis of the 1823, 1836 and 1844 maps. 9 On those sites chosen for excavation the whole chronological range of development should be investigated from the commencement of settlement to the present.

56



5.The preparation of a final report, including a description and

interpretation of the excavation, detailed historical research, the

contribution to research themes, and excavation method.

5.4. Conservation of archaeological features.

As a result of the archaeological investigation, a recommendation may be made for the

conservation of a number of significant archaeological features within the proposed

redevelopment. This has been successfully undertaken on two sites in Parramatta to

date, namely the 1820s brick barrel drain at the Ferguson Centre, George Street, and

the well of 'The Hawkesbury Settler' in the ANZ Building on the corner of Smith and

George Streets. In each case, the conservation of the archaeological features involved

only minor design changes to the original development plans.

57

---------------------N

E

E

T

Key.

0' c o

N N

E L

L

A

Section numbers are in large text. Allotment numbers in small text.

L

Numbered allotments are part of the proposed extensions.

PROPOSED EXTENSIONS TO WESTFIELD SHOPPINGTOWN, PARRAMATTA.

Historical and archaeological assessment.

S T R E

-. - -, '-

o

E T

-100 metres.

C

H

U

R

C

H

E

E

T

1. Map of Parramatta, 1823.

------------.-.---- .. ---

N

S

T

R

E

E

T

A

N E

L L

L



s T R E

_ _ _ i

o

E T

100 metres.

c

H

u

E

E

T


---------------------0'

C

N 0 N

N E

L L

A

S

T

R

E

E

T

C A

M

A

L E

P B

L L



s T

-,- -,' , o

E T

100 metres.

R

E

E

T


---------------------

N

S

T

R

E

E

T

c

Key.

A 0' c o

N N

E L

L

A

A

Unenclosed land.

Water holes.

R G

L L

T

R

E

E

T



100 metres. o s T R

E E T -rf!J Tannery. c

H

U

S

T

R

T E

E E E T

T


---------------------

N

S T

R

E

E

T

c

Key.

N E

L

L

A

0' c o

M

A R

G

R o

p B

E L

Town allotments outside the

y

L

s

L


E

M

A

R

S

o

Historical and archaeological assessment. [~-= ~~=.---.

s o 100 metres.

E E

T

c !!iIjJE

N H

T

S

T

R

E

E

T Excavation.

u

R

c

R

proposed development are not illustrated. s T E

E

T

w Wells or cisterns.


---------------------

N

S

T

R

E

E

T

C

Key.

0' C o

N N

E L

L

A

A

M

A R

G

R

P B

E L

Current Westfield Shoppingtown.

Proposed redevelopment, 1992.

y

L

L

S

T

R

E

E

T

Area outside proposed redevelopment.


E

M

A

R

S

Historical and archaeolog ical assessment. c=-=-=_ .• ___ _

S o 100 metres. T R

E E T

o C

E H N

u

R

C

H

S

T

R

S E T R

E E E T

T

6. Proposed redevelopment, 1992.

---------------------

N

S

T

R

E

E

T

c

Key. W:~ r·j·/>:d

0' c o

A

G


y L

E

M N

N E

L A

L

A R

D

A M p

B E

L

S

L

T

S

T

R

E

E

T

R

S

D

E

N

Archaeological excavation, representative sample.

Archaeological excavation, large sample.

Archaeological monitoring programme.

Archaeological monitoring programme. Deposits mostly destroyed by previous development.


s T

R E

R E

E

1=--==-=-___ _ o

E T

T

100 metres.

c

H

u

R

c

H

s

T

R

E

E

T

7. Archaeological investigation.

I I I

I , I I I I , I I I I I I I I


APPENDIX 1. LIST OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES WITHIN THE

PROPOSED WESTFIELD SHOPPINGTOWN EXTENSIONS.

EXTRACTS FROM THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL ZONING PLAN.

All sites are of group I, requiring an historical and archaeological assessment prior to archaeological investigation and development.

No. 130 Appn. 37118. Argyle Street.

1823 lease: Charles J ACKSON (LTO. Book 25, No. 163). Grant: John WALKER (in bust). Sec. 7. Allt. 3 I

Sites of buildings

1844 map: 2 buildings, masonry.

Extant buildings

none.

Archaeological zoning

group 1.

No. 131 Appn.37118. Argyle Street.

1823 return: James BERKETT. 1823 lease: John BUTCHER (LTO. Book 25. No. 165). Grant: John MACMANIS. Sec. 7. Allt. 29

Sites of buildings

1844 map: building.

Extant buildings

none.


group 1.

65

No. 135. MPS(OS)3153, MPS(OS)7894. Aird Street.

1823 return: William SMITH. 1823 lease: William SMITH (LTO. Book 25. No. 180). Grant: Ann Byrn SMITH. Sec. 6. Allt. 20

Sites of buildings

1823 map: building. 1844 map: same building, wood.

Extant buildings

none.


group 1.

No. 136. Appn.26083. Aird Street.

1823 return: Joseph KINGYAN. 1823 lease: Joseph KINGYAN (LTO. Book 25. No. 179). Grant: Thomas PARKES. Sec. 6. Allt. 19

Sites of buildings

1844 map: 2 buildings, one masonry, other wood.

Extant buildings

none.


group 1.



No. 144. MPS(RP)107041. Campbell Street. 1823 retum: William ROBERTS. 1823 lease: William ROBERTS (LTO. Book 25. No. 192). Grant: J.F. STAFF. Sec. 4. Al1t. 11

Sites of buildings

1823 map: building. 1844 map: same building, wood.

Extant buildings

none.


group 1.

67

No. 145. DP19514. Allts. 1 and 2. Camp bell Street.

1823 retum: JosephMARINLOFF. 1823 lease: John BRENNAN (LTO. Book 25. No. 197). Grant: R. DA VIS. Sec. 3. Al1t. 28

Sites of buildings

1844 map: 2 buildings, wood.

Extant buildings

none.


group 1.



APPENDIX 2. PARRAMATTA RATE ASSESSMENT BOOKS.

Microfilm copies of the Parramatta Rate and Rate Assessment Books up to 1900 are

held by the Parramatta City Library in Parramatta. The first Rate Book is dated to 1864,

the first Rate Assessment Book to 1870. The Rate Assessment Books have more

detailed information than the Rate Books, including the names of tenants. This

appendix contains extracts from the Rate Assessment Books for the allotments within

the proposed extensions.

68

- '- '- - - - - - '. - - - - - ~- .- - - -, - -I Parramatta Rate Assessment Books.

Date Number Occupier Owner Description Value Situation Section Allotment

1870 109 Staff, John Foreman Staff, John Foreman BH £45 Campbell Street, N side 4 10 1871 1872 115 1874 116 1875 111 £60 1882 198 Staff, Mary Delow, RH £50 1883 209 Dellow, RH £52 1884 218 BSH

1870 110 Brown, Charlotte Staff, John Foreman WB £30 Camp bell Street, N side 4 11 1871 WBH £32 1812 116 Wickham, Francis (Brown, 18"74 117 Wickham, Francis 18"75 112 Garling, George £30 1882 199 Walker, Mary E Delow, RH WH £26 1883 210 Walker, Mary A Dellow, RH £30 1884 219 Walker, Mary E

1870 111 Staff, John Foreman Staff, John Foreman EL £1.10 Campbell Street, N side 4 12. 13 1871 £2 1872 117 blank 1874 118 Staff, John Foreman 1875 113 blank 1882 200 Delow, RH £5 18813 211 Dellow, RH £10 188:4 220

18710 91 Flood, Edward Flood, Edward UL £2.04 Aird Street, S side 4 23 1871 £2 1872 96 blank EL 1874 98 1875 93 1882 192 Cook, Richard Cook, Richard BWH £20 1883 203 Cook, Samuel Cook, Samuel £18 1884 211 Cook, Charles BH £23

Abbreviations: B = brick, E = enclosed, H = house, L = land, S = stone, U = unenclosed, W = wood. Where values do not vary year by year, entries are left blank

E. Higginbotham Consultant Archaeological Services 1992 (02) 797-8209.

- ,- ,- - - '- i_ - ,- - - - - - - - ,-' - - - -Parramatta Rate Assessment Books.


1870 116 Doyle, Peter Turner, Ellen BH £13 Campbell Street, N side 3 27 1871 Hurford, John 1872 121 Herford, John £18 1874 122 1875 117 1882 204 Turner, Ellen £40 1883 214 Turner, Hellen £45 1884 224 Turner, Ellen Turner, Ellen

1870 117 Hawkins, Mary Ann Brown, William WH £7 Campbell Street, N side 3 28 1871 Brown, Jabez 1872 122 Brown, James 1874 Brown, Jabez 1875 118 1882 205 1883 215 £6 1884 225

1870 107 Staff, John Foreman Staff, John Foreman EL £5 Campbell Street, N side 4 7 187'1 1872 113 1874 114 blank 1875 109 Crawford, Samuel £6 188;2 196 blank Delow, RH £15 1883 207 Dellow, RH £20 1884 216

1870 108 Lawson, Nelson Staff, John Foreman BH £45 Campbell Street, N side 4 10 1871 1872 114 1874 115 1875 110 Crawford, Samuel £60 1882 197 Mingaye, GH Delow, RH £50 1883 208 Mingaye, George Henry Dellow, RH £52 1884 217 Mingaye, FE BSH

Abbreviations: B = brick., E = enclosed, H = house, L = land, S = stone, U = unenclosed, W = wood. Where values do not vary year by year, entries are left blank.


- .- - - - - ,- - - - - - - - - - - - - -' -Parramatta Rate Assessment Books.


1870 112 Harper, Richard Harper, Richard Brick kiln £15 Campbell Street, N side 3 23 1871 Brick kiln and yard 1872 118 Brickyard £20 1874 119 1875 115 Muston, William Muston, William £20 1882 201 blank Harper, Richard EL £10 1883 212 Hayes, Patrick £5 1884 221 Muston, William £10

1870 113 Muston, William Muston, William Brick kiln £15 Campbell Street, N side 3 23 1871 Brick kiln and yard 1872 119 Brickyard £20 1874 120 1875 116 1882 202 blank owner EL £3 1883 212.5 Harper, Richard £8 1884 222 £10

1810 114 Harper, Richard Keys & Buckland EL £2.04 Campbell Street, N side 3 25 1871 1872 120 1874 121 1875 no entry 1882 203 blank Byrnes, C Joseph UL £5 1883 213 1884 223

1870 115 Muston, William Keys & Buckland EL £2.04 Campbell Street, N side 3 25 1871 (Muston, William, crossed 1872 no entry 1874 no entry 1875 no entry

Abbr,eviations: B = brick, E = enclosed, H = house, L = land, S = stone, U = unenclosed, W = wood. Where values do not vary year by year, entries are left blank


- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Parramatta Rate Assessment Books. Date Number Occupier Owner Description Value Situation Section Allotment

1882 191.5 blank Defow, RH EL £4 Aird Street, S side 4 23 1883 202 Dellow, RH £5 1884 210

1870 87 Staff, John Foreman Staff, John Foreman EL £3 Aird Street, S side 4 24 1871 1872 92 1874 94 blank 1875 89 1882 188 Gates, Waiter Defow, RH £5 1883 198 blank Dellow, RH 1884 206

1870 88 Troughton, James Troughton, James WBH £13 Aird Street, S side 4 24 1871 £10.10 1872 93 18H 95 Rutter, I Hanks, John 1875 90 Waiter, Henry Staff, John Foreman £13 1882 189 Broderick, Patrick Defow, RH £18 1883 199 Dellow, RH 1884 207

1870 89 Mahoney, Mary Staff, John Foreman BH £10.10 Aird Street, S side 4 24 1871 Carter, William 1872 94 Harford, Henry £12 1874 96 Horton, Elizabeth 1875 91 Horton, Emma 1882 190 Midgly, Jane Defow, RH £16 1883 200 blank Dellow, RH 1884 208 Midgerly, Samuel WBH

Abbr,eviations: B = brick, E = enclosed, H = house, l = land, S = stone, U = unenclosed, W = wood. Where values do not vary year by year, entries are left blank


- - - - - - -Parramatta Rate Assessment Books. Date

1870 1871 1872 1874 1875 1883 1884

1870 1871 1872 186"4 186"5 1882 1883 1884

1883 1884

188'3 188~4

Number

90

95 97 92 201 209

273

310 239 405 460 482

462 485

461 484

Occupier

Parnell, Samuel Cook, Charles. Harris, Ann Cook, Charles Nolan, John Springfella Stringfellow, James Joseph, Oliver

Muston, William

Gould, Waiter Byrnes, John Byrnes, John J

Muston, William

blank Massey, MA

- -Owner

Staff, John Foreman

Defow, RH Dellow, RH

Muston, William

Muston, William

Muston, William

- -Descrip1ion

BH

BH

BH

EL BH

- - - -Value Situa1ion

£10.10 Aird Street, S side

£12

£16

£26

£30

£40 £31 £34

£40 £46

£5 £46

Marsden Street, W side



- -Section

4

4

4

4

Abbreviations: B = brick, E = enclosed, H = house, L = land, S = stone, U = unenclosed, W = wood. Where values do no1 vary year by. year, entries are left blank


- - - -Allotment

24

2526

2526

2526

- - - - - - -Parramatta Rate Assessment Books. Date

18'84

1870 1871 1872 1874 1875 1882 1883 1884

1883 1884

1883 1884

Number

483

272

301 309 240 406 478 486

480 488

479 487

Occupier

McGrath JA

Tait, John Flood, Peter

Spencer, Joseph H Cavenagh, William

Church, Frederick, Charles

Luker, Joseph Lucker, Frederick

.. -Owner

Muston, William

Rimmer, Nicholas

Curtis, Joseph

Curtis, Joseph

Curtis, Joseph

- -Description

BH

WBH

WH

BH

WH BH

- - - - - -Value Situation Section

£46 Marsden Street, W side 4

£16 Marsden Street, W side 6 £15

£16 £18 £21 £23 £21

£31 Marsden Street, W side 6

£23 Marsden Street, W side 6 £31

Abbreviations: B = brick, E = enclosed, H = house, l = land, S = stone, U = unenclosed, W = wood. Where values do not vary year by year, entries are left blank


- - - -Allotment

2526

14

14

14

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Parramatta Rate Assessment Books.

Da~e Number Occupier Owner Description Value Situation Section Allotment

1883 176 blank owner EL £5 Aird Street, N side 6 15 1884 180 £4

1870 99 blank Oatley, Edwin EL £2.04 Aird Street, N side 6 16 1871 1872 104 £2 1814 107 18"l5 102 Croucher, William 1882 166 Oatley, Frederick 1883 175 blank Oatley, Thomas £3 1884 179 Oatley, Frederick

1870 96 Lucker, James Berrisford, George BH £12 Ai rd Street, N side 6 18 1871 1872 101 1874 104 1875 105 £13 1882 163 1883 172 £16 1884 176 £20

1870 97 Smith, Edward Berrisford, George BH £12 Aird Street, N side 6 18 1871 Proctor, Robert (Smith, 187,2 102 Proctor, Robert £13 1874 105 Gregory, Joseph 1875 104 Ruston, Thomas junior 1882 164 1883 173 £16 1884 177 Cole, William £23



- - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - -Parramatta Rate Assessment Books. Date Number Occupier Owner Description Value Situation Section Allotment

1870 98 Croucher, William Croucher, William BH £8 Aird Street, N side 6 18 1871 1872 103 1874 106 1875 103 £10 1882 165 Henderson, 0.0. £13 1883 174 Wall, John WH £15 1884 178 blank EL £10

1870 95 Berrisford, George Berrisford, George BH £12 Aird Street, N side 6 19 1871 1872 100 £13 1874 103 1875 106 1882 162 £12 1883 171 £16 1884 175 £20

1871 94a blank Leabon, George EL £2 Aird Street, N side 6 20 1872 99 Leabon, George 1874 blank Leabron, George 1875 107 Labon, George £3 1882 161 Ruston, Samuel Hayes, William WH £21 1883 170 Hay, William WBH £23 1884 173 Hay, William £26

1884 174 Mason, R Hay, William WBH £26 Aird Street, N. side. 6 20

Abb~eviations: B = brick, E = enclosed, H = house, L = land, S = stone, U = unenclosed. W = wood. Where values do not vary year by year, entries are left blank.


- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Parram'atta Rate Assessment Books.


1870 75 Hughes, Elizabeth Hughes, Elizabeth BH £22 Argyle Street, S side. 7 23 1871 Hughes, Elizabeth, decd Hughes, Elizabeth, decd £25 1872 80 Rowe (Harper, Elizabeth Harper, Elizabeth Mary 1874 82 Pattison, William Harper, Elizabeth Mary £26 1875 79 Pattison, A.L. Harper, Richard £30 1882 144 Lakeman, Charles Lakeman, Charles £36 1883 153 £40 1884 156

1870 74 Lucker, James Hughes, Elizabeth W Blacksmith's £8 Argyle Street, S side. 7 25 1871 Hughes, Elizabeth, decd 1872 79 Hughes, Emily Workshop 1874 81 Coates, Emily £6 1875 78 Hughes, William W 1882 145 Hughes, Thomas WH £5 1883 154 1884 157 Luker, James

1870 73 Turner, Ellen Turner, Ellen WH & Tannery £30 Argyle Street, S side. 7 25.27 1871 Daniel, Jeremiah 1872 78 Desmonds, Jeremiah 1874 80 Turner, Ellen 187:"5 77 Anderson, James W £35 1882 146 £40 1883 155 £48 1884 158 Anderson, James, N Turner, Hellen WH £50

1870 71 Floyd, William McManus, John BH £16 Argyle Street, S side. 7 28 1871 1872 76 1874 78 £15 1875 75 McManus, Arthur £16 1882 148 blank £23 1883 157 Marks, John £26 1884 160

Abb~eviations: B = brick, E = enclosed, H = house, L = land, S = stone, U = unenclosed, W = wood. Where values do not vary year by year, entries are left blank

E. Hligginbotham Consultant Archaeological Services 1992 (02) 797-8209.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Parramatta Rate Assessment Books. Date Number Occupier Owner Description Value Situation Section Allotment

1870 72 Turner, Ellen McManus, John BH £16 Argyle Street, S side. 7 28 1871 1872 77 1874 79 Booth, Joseph £15 1875 76 £16 1882 147 Pont, Alfred £23 1883 156 blank Booth, Joseph junior £26 1884 159

1870 69 Maziere, Hannah McManus, John BH £16 Argyle Street, S side. 7 29 1871 1872 74 Booth, George Booth, George £13 1874 £15 1875 73 £16 1882 150 Todd, Thomas £23 1883 158 Hand, John 1884 162 Cadden, Maurice £21

1870 70 Clarke, John Mc Manus, John BH £16 Argyle Street, S side. 7 29 1871 Clarke, John W 1872 75 McManus, Arthur £13 1874 77 McManus, Arthur P McManus, Arthur P £15 1875 74 McManus, Arthur McManus, Arthur £16 1882 149 Kennedy, John £23 1883 158 1884 161 blank £26

1871 68a Cavanagh, Margaret Bowden, W Thomas EL £2 Argyle Street, S side. 7 30 1872 73 blank 1874 74 blank McManus, Arthur P 1875 72 MacManus, Arthur MacManus, Arthur £3.10 1882 151 blank £5 188.3 160 188.4 163

Abb~eviations: B = brick, E = enclosed, H = house, L = land, S = stone, U = unenclosed, W = wood. Where values do not vary year by year, entries are left blank


- - - - - - - .. - - - - - - - - - - - - -Parramatta Rate Assessment Books.


1870 278 Gould, Edwin Coates, George BH £20 Marsden Street, E side 7 31

1871 Coates, George (Watkins, 1872 308 Gibbs, Charles Coates, George £18 1874 315 £23 1875 252 Pratt, John junior Pratt, John £26 1882 420 Floyd, William Coates, George £40 1883 472 £39 1884 507 £40



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