explain how geography affected the economic development of the three colonial regions
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 4Growth of the 13 Colonies
Today’s Objective
Explain how geography affected the economic development of the three colonial regions
Founding of the 13 colonies Colony Reasons
FoundedFounders
New England Colonies
Mass. Bay Colony Religious Freedom John Carver/John Winthrop
New Hampshire Profit From Trade John Mason
Rhode Island Religious Freedom Roger Williams
Connecticut Profit from Trade/Religious Freedom
Thomas Hooker
Middle Colonies
New York Expand Trade Dutch Settlers
Delaware Expand Trade Swedish Settlers
New Jersey Religious Freedom John Berkeley
Pennsylvania Religious Freedom William Penn
Southern Colonies
Virginia Expand Trade John Smith
Maryland Religious Freedom Cecil Calvert
N. Carolina Profit from trade Farmers from Virginia
S. Carolina Profit from Trade Farmers from Virginia
Georgia Religious Freedoms
James Oglethorpe
LIFE IN THE COLONIESCh. 4, Section 1
The New England Colonies
Farming was the main economic activity in all NE colonies Much smaller than southern farms Long winters, and thin, rocky soil made
large scale-farming difficult Practiced subsistence farming:
Produce just enough to meet their needs , with little left over to sell or exchange
Everyone in family worked
New England colonies
Commerce in New England Large # of small businesses Larger towns attracted skilled
craftspeople Blacksmiths, shoemakers, gunsmiths,
metal smiths, & printers Shipbuilding & Fishing = main industries
Lumber for ships came from nearby forests, and transported down rivers to shipyards
Fished for: crabs, halibut, oysters, and even whales
New England Colonies
Colonial Trade Northern coastal cities were the center of
shipping trade Trade helped link Northern & southern colonies &
America to other parts of the world Traded w/ colonies & islands in West Indies &
across the Atlantic with goods to trade with England & Europe
Many followed routes that came to be called the triangular trade, because the routes formed a triangle Sugar & molasses came from W.Indies to NE. Made
into rum. Rum then sent to W.Africa and traded for slaves.
New England Colonies
Colonial Trade Slavery was widely practiced in West
Africa Prisoners of war were enslaved after
defeat in war Some sold to Arab traders Some worked in gold mines or fields
European arrival in Africa, sparked the beginning of a long lasting slave trade to America in exchange for goods
New England Colonies
The Middle Passage The voyage of African slaves began with a
bounded, march to a European fort in West Africa. They would then be packed onto ships and
shipped to the West Indies on voyage known as the Middle Passage Chained together for more than a month, they were
given little food or water, and may who were sick or died were tossed overboard
Survivors would meet a greater terror Slave markets sold over 12 million Africans into
slavery as laborers in plantations all over the colonies, between 1400s and 1800s
http://reflectionsbyshirley.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/middle_passage.jpg
http://www.historyonthenet.com/Slave_Trade/images/slaveship.jpg
The Middle Colonies
Fertile soil & milder climates allowed for production of bigger harvests , than NE
NY & Penn, grew wheat and other cash crops Used by families & sold in colonial
markets NYC & Philadelphia became large port
cities, w/ large populations Industries
Large businesses: lumbering, mining, small-scale manufacturing
The Middle Colonies
German immigrants 100,000 came to North America during
colonial era Mostly in Pennsylvania, they were
farmers Dutch, Swedes, and other non-English
immigrants also came, creating tolerance for many cultural differences
The Southern Colonies & Slavery Rich soil and warm climate made the
South suitable for certain kinds of farming Produce large harvests of cash crops
Most people made their living from farming, leaving little room for industry or commerce
The Southern Colonies & Slavery Tobacco
Tobacco=principal, or most important, cash crop of Maryland & Virginia Most sold to Europe Required great deal of labor to produce,
which increased the need for African slaves Slaveholders w/large farms became
extremely wealthy However, a surplus, or extra amounts,
caused prices to fall and led to the growth of the corn & wheat industries
The Southern Colonies & Slavery Rice
Main cash crop in S. Carolina & Georgia Also extremely strenuous to produce
Increased slave labor two- fold Became more profitable than tobacco
industry By 1750s, S. Carolina & Georgia had the
fastest growing economies
The Southern Colonies & Slavery Tidewater
Southern plantations located in the Tidewater Region of low-lying plains along the seacoast
Plantations Self-contained community with fields stretching
around a cluster of buildings Owners wife in charge of main house and
household slaves Barns, slave houses, stables were also part of
plantions Larger plantations might have had own chapels
& school
Southern Colonies & Slavery Backcountry
Lied west of Tidewater, included hills and forests the stretched into the Appalachian Mountains
Families usually grew corn & tobacco, with larger farms owning one or two slaves Significantly smaller than plantations, yet the
number of small backcountry farms outnumbered large plantations
However, the wealth that came with the plantations caused the plantation owners to rule economic & political life of the region.
Southern Slavery
Most enslaved Africans lived on plantations some did household work, but many suffered
the cruelty of working in the fields 1705-the colony of Virginia created the
slave codes: Strict rules that governed the behavior &
punishment of enslaved Africans1) Did not permit slaves to leave plantation w/o
permission2) Illegal to teach slaves to read or write3) Illegal for slaves to move about freely or assemble in
large groups4) Allowed slaves to be whipped for minor offenses &
hung or burned to death for serious crimes
Southern Colonies and Slavery Criticism of Slavery
Majority of Southern Whites were not slave holders, yet slavery played a huge role in the economic success of Southern Colonies Success was built on idea that one human
being could be own another Northern colonies less supportive
Puritans refused to own enslaved people Quakers & Mennonites condemned it, in Penn.
Debate would erupt in bloody Civil War, in late 1860s
Economies
New England colonies- Shipbuilding Fishing Trade Geographical Affect: Location to waterways & Atlantic, plus
poor soil and cold winters Middle colonies
Sale of cash crops: wheat & corn Geographical Affect: fertile soil & milder climate
Southern Colonies Slavery Geographical Affect: rich soil & warm climate made land
suitable to grow tobacco and rice, which were labor intensive to produce, thus there was a high need for laborers, unfortunately slave labor.