® copyright 1999 interoperable geospatial objects getting from user confusion... … to geospatial...
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® copyright 1999
Interoperable Geospatial ObjectsInteroperable Geospatial Objects
Getting from user Getting from user confusion...confusion...
… … to geospatial to geospatial interoperabilityinteroperability
Intended Useprojection
resolutionresolutiondatum
1:50,0001:50,000
WGS84 WGS84 datumdatum
UTMUTM
Topographic Topographic Line Map (TLM)Line Map (TLM)
30 Meter 30 Meter resolutionresolution
Oblique Oblique Space Space
MercatorMercator
Landsat TM Landsat TM bands bands 1,3,&5 1,3,&5
MITRE MITRE Sponsored Research ProjectSponsored Research Project
Jonathan DoughtyJonathan [email protected]@mitre.org
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Project ObjectivesProject Objectives Address
– Exploding availability of geospatial data, desktop exploitation tools
– Increase in number of geospatially aware users
– Hidden dangers of inexpert integration
Encapsulate geospatial expertise
Help non-expert users in appropriate use
Reduce training requirements and the reliance on specialized expertise
Coordinate, integrate geospatial data
Data AvailabilityData Availability
Users /Users / Applications Applications
ExpertiseExpertise
Now Near Term
Long Term
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What is an IGO?What is an IGO?
• A user’s interoperability model +
• One or more geospatial objects
What is a Geospatial Object?
• Metadata for a single geospatial dataset
• Or, an IGO, encapsulating data set lineage and intended use of dataset(s)
What is an Interoperability Model?
• A description of a particular user's (atomic) requirements for geospatial data
Interoperable GeospatialInteroperable Geospatial Object Object
InteroperabilityInteroperability ModelModel
GeospatialGeospatial ObjectObject
GeospatialGeospatial ObjectObject
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Prototype DesignPrototype Design
Enabling Technologies:• Java for the prototype• XML for Geospatial Objects and IGO exchange
ValidatorValidator
InteroperabilityInteroperabilityModelModel
Geospatial Geospatial ObjectsObjects
ExplainerExplainer
OrchestratorOrchestrator
DifferenceDifferenceEngineEngine
TransformationTransformationServicesServices
Geospatial Geospatial ObjectObjectFactoryFactory
Geospatial Geospatial ExpertsExperts
ClientClientAdapterAdapter
GeographicGeographicInformationInformationSystems / Systems /
ClientsClients
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Marketing AnalystMarketing AnalystProfileProfile
ValidatorValidator
InteroperabilityInteroperabilityModelModelSecuritySecurity
ProfileProfile
SystemSystemEnvironmentEnvironment
SpatialSpatialOperationsOperations
EditEditAnalysisAnalysis
DisplayDisplay
Theater CommanderTheater CommanderProfileProfile
Terrain AnalystTerrain AnalystProfileProfile
OverlapOverlapPartialPartialOverlapOverlap
Overlap Overlap PercentagePercentage
MobilityMobility
Interoperability ModelInteroperability ModelAtomic spatial operations / requirementsAtomic spatial operations / requirements
AttributeAttributeRequirementsRequirements
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Interoperability ModelInteroperability ModelDescription via XMLDescription via XML
ValidatorValidator
InteroperabilitInteroperabilityy
ModelModel
Geospatial Geospatial ObjectsObjects
<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE interopModel SYSTEM "interopModel.dtd"><interopModel> <userProfile> <scaleRange> <minScaleDenominator>10000 </minScaleDenominator> <maxScaleDenominator>10000000 </maxScaleDenominator> </scaleRange> <userOperations> <display> <spatialRefSys> ... </spatialRefSys> </display> </userOperations> </userProfile> <systemProfile> </systemProfile></interopModel>
<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE interopModel SYSTEM "interopModel.dtd"><interopModel> <userProfile> <scaleRange> <minScaleDenominator>10000 </minScaleDenominator> <maxScaleDenominator>10000000 </maxScaleDenominator> </scaleRange> <userOperations> <display> <spatialRefSys> ... </spatialRefSys> </display> </userOperations> </userProfile> <systemProfile> </systemProfile></interopModel>
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IGO Interoperability IGO Interoperability Model WizardModel Wizard
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DTEDSpecificationDTEDSpecificationProfileProfile
ISO MetadataISO MetadataAccessorAccessor
Geospatial ObjectsGeospatial ObjectsExplicit and implicit metadata Explicit and implicit metadata
SpecificationSpecificationProfileProfile
Geospatial DataGeospatial DataAccessorAccessor
ValidatorValidator
Geospatial Geospatial ObjectsObjects
Geospatial Geospatial ObjectObjectFactoryFactory
GeospatialDataGeospatial
DataGeospatialData
VMAPSpecificationVMAPSpecificationProfileProfile
Geospatial Geospatial MetadataMetadataAccessorAccessor
GeospatialMetadata
FGDC FGDC MetadataMetadataAccessorAccessor
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Geospatial Objects Geospatial Objects Description via XMLDescription via XML
<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE geoSpatialObject SYSTEM "geospatial.dtd"><geoSpatialObject> <metadataReference> <metadataType> ISO 15046-15 </metadataType> <metadataLocation> http://... </metadataLocation> ... </metadataReference> <productSpecificationProfile> <product> DTED Level 2 </product> ... </productSpecificationProfile></geoSpatialObject>
<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE geoSpatialObject SYSTEM "geospatial.dtd"><geoSpatialObject> <metadataReference> <metadataType> ISO 15046-15 </metadataType> <metadataLocation> http://... </metadataLocation> ... </metadataReference> <productSpecificationProfile> <product> DTED Level 2 </product> ... </productSpecificationProfile></geoSpatialObject>
ValidatorValidator
InteroperabilitInteroperabilityy
ModelModel
Geospatial Geospatial ObjectsObjects
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Area Of Area Of InterestInterest
Metadata Metadata ExpertExpert
Validator: Expert evaluation of Validator: Expert evaluation of
interoperability model / geospatial objectsinteroperability model / geospatial objects
ValidatorValidator
Geospatial Geospatial OperationOperations Experts Expert
Geospatial Geospatial ObjectsObjects
GeospatialGeospatialMetadata Metadata
ExpertExpert
DatumDatumMetadata Metadata
ExpertExpert
ProjectioProjectionn
Metadata Metadata ExpertExpertSpatial Spatial
Reference Reference SystemSystemExpertExpert
InteroperabilitInteroperabilityy
ModelModel
GeospatiaGeospatial Display l Display ExpertExpert
Geospatial Geospatial MobilityMobilityExpertExpert
WGS84 WGS84 DatumDatumExpertExpert Ellipsoidal Ellipsoidal
Coordinate Coordinate SystemSystemExpertExpert
Geocentric Geocentric Coordinate Coordinate
SystemSystemExpertExpert
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Geospatial Objects via XMLGeospatial Objects via XMLMaintaining the PedigreeMaintaining the Pedigree
<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE geoSpatialObject ...><geoSpatialObject> <geoSpatialObject> ... </geoSpatialObject> <geoSpatialObject> ... </geoSpatialObject> <interopModel> <userProfile> <scaleRange> </scaleRange> <userOperations> ... </userOperations> </userProfile> <systemProfile> ... </systemProfile> </interopModel> ...</geoSpatialObject>
<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE geoSpatialObject ...><geoSpatialObject> <geoSpatialObject> ... </geoSpatialObject> <geoSpatialObject> ... </geoSpatialObject> <interopModel> <userProfile> <scaleRange> </scaleRange> <userOperations> ... </userOperations> </userProfile> <systemProfile> ... </systemProfile> </interopModel> ...</geoSpatialObject>
Geospatial Objects can contain other Geospatial Objects, Interoperability Model context,...
Interoperable GeospatialInteroperable Geospatial Object Object
InteroperabilityInteroperability ModelModel GeospatialGeospatial
ObjectObject
GeospatialGeospatial ObjectObject
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IGO Viewer/IGO Viewer/ExplorerExplorer
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Geospatial Problem Illustrator Geospatial Problem Illustrator Projection Expert DisplayProjection Expert Display
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<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE geoSpatialObject ...><geoSpatialObject> <geoSpatialObject> ... </geoSpatialObject> <geoSpatialObject> ... </geoSpatialObject> <interoperabilityProfile> ... </interoperabilityProfile> <featureAccess> e.g., serialized Java code, BML </featureAccess></geoSpatialObject>
<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE geoSpatialObject ...><geoSpatialObject> <geoSpatialObject> ... </geoSpatialObject> <geoSpatialObject> ... </geoSpatialObject> <interoperabilityProfile> ... </interoperabilityProfile> <featureAccess> e.g., serialized Java code, BML </featureAccess></geoSpatialObject>
Interoperable Geospatial ObjectsInteroperable Geospatial ObjectsEvolution: GIS / Client IntegrationEvolution: GIS / Client Integration
Geospatial Geospatial ObjectsObjects
TransformationTransformationServicesServices
Geographic Geographic Information Information Systems / Systems /
ClientsClients
Geospatial Geospatial ObjectObjectFactoryFactory
OrchestratorOrchestrator
ClientClientAdapterAdapter
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ChallengesChallenges Metadata content
– current metadata tends to be “unstructured” – accessor component "tuned" to particular collections
"normalizes" metadata How to prevent an explosion of accessors specific to
collections?
Implicit metadata How much can be derived without accessing data content?
Delegation of evaluation to "experts" encapsulating specific kinds of geospatial knowledge. How to prevent an explosion of “experts”; Can experts be made completely/largely independent or are
their necessary inter-dependencies?