BellworkCommon and Proper Nouns

Common: names a person, place, or thing.

Example: The money was kept in a safe at the bank.

Proper: names a particular person, place, or thing.

Example: Todd went to San Diego.

Common and Proper Nouns

A common noun names a person, place, or thing. A proper noun names a particular person, place, or

thing. Common nouns: teacher, school, calendar Proper nouns: Mrs. Ramirez, Riverdale High School,

September

Read the following sentences. Underline the common nouns once. Underline the proper nouns twice.

1. My grandmother came to the United States from Ireland before the Great Depression.

2. My brother usually drives us to school in his Toyota Camry.3. Ryan works nights and weekends at Parker’s Restaurant.4. Aunt Hilda bought me an iPod for my birthday.5. When I graduate from high school, I’m going to college at

Boston University.

Formative Using the stack of 20 story events from “The

Fisherman and the Jinnee,” see how quickly you can chronologically

order them.

Formative1) The fisherman casts his net a fourth time only to pull in a yellow

copper bottle.

2) The fisherman says the Jinnee is blasphemous.

3) The Jinnee explains he refused to listen to King Solomon.

4) The Jinnee asks the fisherman how he would like to die.

5) The fisherman tricks the Jinnee into reentering the bottle.

6) The fisherman tells the Jinnee he deserves the fate of the King in the tale of “Yunan and the Doctor.”

7) The Doctor puts balsams and elixirs in the King’s hollowed out polo stick.

8) The King is cured of Leprosy.

9) The King’s vizier says to the King that the Doctor’s motives are evil.

10) The King tells the story of “King Sindbad and the Falcon.”

Formative11) Sindbad lets the gazelle escape.

12) The falcon knocks the bowl over three times.

13) Sindbad cuts off the falcon’s wings.

14) The King realizes the falcon was saving him from drinking a snake’s venom.

15) Sindbad was overcome with sorrow at his actions.

16) The vizier explains he is only looking out for the safety of the King.

17) The Doctor says, “Spare me, and Allah will spare you! Kill me, and so shall Allah kill you!”

18) The King granted the Doctor a day’s delay. The Doctor retrieves a book that the King can use.

19) As the King turns the pages to make the Doctor’s severed head speak, the poison on the pages kill him.

20) The fisherman explains he will throw the Jinnee back in the sea because the Jinnee refused to spare his life.

Objective Students will distinguish

the characteristics that comprise an epic theme

by organizing a written list and applying it to

literature they have read.

The EpicThe Epic is not merely a genre, but

a way of life – Henry Levin

Overview

Today we will be discussing the elements of an Epic and relating these characteristics to our own lives and other stories.

Once we start to read The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Iliad we will be applying our knowledge of Epics to help us understand the stories.

Epics We Will Read:

Metamorphoses by: Ovid Epic of Gilgamesh author: Anonymous

The Iliad by: Homer

Types of Epic

Folk epics – recited or sung as entertainment

Literary epics – written by a specific author and draws upon well known stories

Elements of the Epic

An Epic Hero – main character; strong, brave, loyal and virtuous – although sometimes flawed.

An Epic Conflict – the plot revolves around the hero’s struggle against a series of obstacles

A Heroic Quest – a perilous (dangerous) journey for something of value

Divine Intervention – help from a god or other supernatural force.

Epic Conventions

Opening statement of theme followed by an invocation (prayer/calling for a god or spirit).

Begins in medias res meaning in the middle of things

Serious tone and elevated style (which means it is intellectually superior to other genres).

Epic similes – elaborate and extended Epithets – descriptive words or phrases

Foreshadowing

The use of clues to suggest future events in a literary work.

Theme and Conflict

Theme

The main idea or central purpose of a piece of literature; the lesson.

Theme

The main idea or central purpose of a piece of literature.› Must appeal to human nature.

› Must be consistent throughout the entire story.

› Must be able to explain the theme in one sentence.

Theme

The main idea or central purpose of a piece of literature.› Common themes

Loyalty: be faithful to family, friends, etc. Bravery: have courage in the face of danger Love: care for another person more than

oneself Greed: valuing objects and riches above all

Theme

Let’s take a few minutes to watch a video on theme to help us understand

Theme – I do What is the theme of “The Most Dangerous Game”?

What is the main idea? Competition

Does it appeal to human nature? Yes, Rainsford and Zaroff demonstrate

characteristics of fear and perseverance throughout the story.

Is it consistent throughout the entire story? Yes, though the game changes over the course of the

text, the characters’ fight to compete and win does not change.

Can you explain the theme in one sentence? The theme of “The Most Dangerous Game” is survival of the

fittest because Rainsford and Zaroff continuously engage in competition, whether they are hunting or being hunted.

Theme – We do What is the theme of “The Creation and the

Fall”? What is the main idea?

Does it appeal to human nature?

Is it consistent throughout the entire story?

Can you explain the theme in one sentence?

Theme – You do What is the theme of Romeo and Juliet? What is the main idea?

Does it appeal to human nature?

Is it consistent throughout the entire story?

Can you explain the theme in one sentence?

Bellwork Compound and Collective Nouns

Objective Students will distinguish

the characteristics that comprise an epic conflict

by organizing a written list and applying it to

literature they have read.

Formative Socrative quiz on Epic Theme.

Conflict

Conflict

Conflict: the struggle between opposing forces that causes the plot to develop.

Conflict

There are five types of conflict:› Person vs. self› Person vs. person› Person vs. supernatural› Person vs. nature› Person vs. society

Conflict – I do

Person vs. self: when a character is struggling against himself or herself.› Trying to make a difficult decision or

overcome a personal battle.

Ms. Lesniak’s Example

Struggling with the decision to

move to Arizona. I didn’t want to

leave my family but really wanted a job as a teacher.

Conflict – I do Person vs. person: when two

characters are physically, verbally, or emotionally struggling against one another.

Your breath smells bad!

You’re annoying!

Ms. Lesniak’s Example

When I was in high school I would fight

with my dad all of the time. As I got older, it became less and less.

After I moved to Havasu we hardly ever fight and he

calls me everyday.

Conflict – I do Person vs. supernatural: when a

character is battling a non-human thing.› god, ghost, alien

Ms. Lesniak’s Example

I don’t have a great

supernatural story but when I was younger, I would watch

unsolved mysteries before bed and swore that I saw the

ghosts from the show.

Conflict – I do Person vs. nature: when a character

is battling anything caused naturally.› Extreme weather, a land, animal, or water

obstacleMs. Lesniak’s

Example

Every winter in NY, the snow and I had a daily battle. The snow always

won.

Conflict – I do Person vs. society: when a character

is battling against the beliefs and views of a group. Ms. Lesniak’s

Example

Our society frequently believes women my

age should be getting married and starting a family. I am constantly

asked by family & friends when I plan to

start meeting this expectation.

Conflict

The five types of conflict are categorized as either internal, or external. Person vs. self

Person vs. person Person vs.

supernatural Person vs. nature Person vs. society

Conflict

The five types of conflict are categorized as either internal, or external.

Internal conflict: the conflict exists within the mind of a character who is torn between opposing feelings or goals.

External conflict: a character struggles against some outside force.

Conflict

Person vs. self Person vs. person Person vs.

supernatural Person vs. nature Person vs. society

Which conflicts occur externally?

Conflict

Person vs. self Person vs.

person Person vs.

supernatural Person vs.

nature Person vs.

society

Which conflicts occur externally?

Person vs. self is an example of an internal conflict.

Conflict

Let’s take a minute to watch a video on the different types of conflict

Conflict – We do

Let’s fill in the elements of conflict using the play Romeo and Juliet.

1. Person vs. self:_________________________

2. Person vs. person: _____________________

3. Person vs. supernatural: ________________

4. Person vs. nature:______________________

5. Person vs. society:_____________________

Conflict – You do

Provide an example of each type of conflict in your own life.

Person vs. self Person vs. person Person vs.

supernatural Person vs. nature Person vs. society

Themes and Conflicts

How are themes and conflicts related to each other? (Does one affect the other?)

Yes! The author uses conflict to support, and eventually reveal, the theme. Without conflict, the reader would be unable to understand the theme since there would be no lesson to be learned.