Endocrine System

collection of glands that produce and secrete hormones

Those hormones send messages to cells to help the organs do their jobs properly

Big parts are the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive organs.

The pancreas has a big part in dealing with the endocrine system

Diabetes insipidus is caused by damage to the pituitary gland

Metabolic or endocrine condition that results in losses of body fluids through urination

People with diabetes insipidus have a lower level of a hormone called vasopressin

Diabetes Insipidus

Harm to the pituitary gland can happen from something as simple as a head injury, or as bad as an infection or tumor

Injured pituitary gland can also be hereditary

Symptoms are- frequent, rination, fatigue, and excessive thirst

Those who suffer from diabetes insipidus dehydrated and constipated

infants with DI who not treated soon enough couldsuffer from brain damage or developmental problems

DI in adults is often caused by tumors in the pituitasry or some damage to the pituitary gland

DI can be detected with a water deprivation test

It can also be diagnosed with dehydration test

DI is usually cured with desmopressin acetate- a hormone helps the individual keep the water in their body

Type II Diabetes

90% of diabetes in the US is type 2 More common in African Americans and

Native Americans Your risk for type 2 increases as you get

olde

Type 2 diabetes can be a consequence of obese and being unactive

Diet and nutrition plays a role in type 2 diabetes as well

Ex. The Pima Indians in Arizona have very high rates of type 2 diabetes,

the Pima Indians in Mexico have very low rates.

Some women are at risk for type 2 diabetes, especially those who had gestational diabetes

Type 2 diabetes could also be the result of high blood pressure and impaired glucose tolerance.

Even though genetics mostly plays a role in type 1 diabetes it is also another factor in developing type 2

the most common reason for developing type 2 diabetes is that the body does not make enough insulin or the cells completely ignore

Recently researchers have notices that type 2 diabetes is on the rise in affluent populations

They have also noticed an increase in type 2 diabetes in adolescents and children

METHODS OF TREATMENT It is important for people with diabetes to

have glycemic control, these means people with the disease usually have to test their blood at least once a day

Studies show that glycemic control can reduce the risk for more serious complications of diabetes such as, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, or diabetic neuropathy.

People who suffer from diabetes should see a physician on a regular basis

They should also have an annual dilated-eye examination because diabetes can lead to potential blindness

EXPERIMENTAL SURGERY A man who’s life was limited due to type 2

diabetes underwent and experimental surgery

He was the second person in the US to try it The surgery consisted of the doctors

flipping his intestines, and moving them to the top, next to his stomach. This helped the stomach produce more GLP-1. In turn it helps regulate the blood sugar

This experiment was first tried in Brazil http://abclocal.go.com/ktrk/story?

section=news/health&id=8755210

Type 1 Diabetes

Beta cells create insulin in the pancreas

Little to no insulin produced

Insulin moves sugar in blood to cells to be used as energy

No insulin means buildup of sugar in the blood (not useful) which causes the symptoms of diabetes

Insulin Dependent

Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks the insulin producing beta cells.

Type 1 Diabetes

No known cure When its first

triggered symptoms can be very intense (hospitalization)

Monitor blood sugar Inject insulin several

times a day Too much insulin can

make blood sugar too low

Type 1 Diabetes

Symptoms: Extreme thirst &

hunger Fatigue Blurred vision Rapid weight lose Heavy, fast breathing Dry skin Naseau Lost feeling in limbs

Low Blood Sugar: Headache Hunger Shaking Sweating Weakness Nervousness

Osteoporosis Increases the risk of a

bone fracture due to the reducing of bone mineral density.

Mainly caused by the depletion of hormones from aging, such as lower amounts of testosterone and estrogen.

Common in mostly older people, particularly women.

Cushings Disease

When the body has to much cotisol hormone in its system.

Body obesity, thin limbs

Round, red, full face Stunt groth in children Depression & Fatgiue Achey Weakness

Cushings Disease

hyperplasia of puituitary gland. Too much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) released

ACTH production stimulates cortisol hormone release

Cortisol regulates immune system & usage of carbs, fats, proteins

Cushings Disease

Treatment: Depending on underlying problem For a tumor, surgery, chemotherapy, or

radiation Medication to regulate the release of

cortisol ketoconazole (Nizoral), mitotane (Lysodren)

and metyrapone (Metopirone)