-- centre for science and environment gurugram...
TRANSCRIPT
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Anumita Roychowdhury
-- Centre for Science and
Environment
Gurugram Environment
Conclave
Gurgaon First
Gurgaon, June 1, 2017
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Rapid growth …..
-- Five times growth in population since 2001
-- Industrial and financial centre of Haryana --
witnessed third largest increase in per capita
income after Chandigarh and Mumbai.
-- Almost 45-45% of Haryana’s revenue is from
Gurugram through state taxes
-- Growth makes enormous demand on
resources – water, energy, land, mobility,
biodiversity and generates wastes
-- If not addressed at early stages of growth this
can limit growth and undermine wellbeing and
liveability
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How should Gurugram Develop?
-- Polluted air, depleting groundwater, crippling electricity outages,
gurujams, choking waste burden, and receding forests…
Is this the Gurugram we want?
-- We believe it is possible to protect air, water, soil, biodiversity,
and forests and promote sustainable mobility even while meeting
the needs of development, growth and poverty reduction.
-- Effective intervention at the early stages of growth can help
Gurugram to attain sustainable development goals without
compromising growth and achieve wellbeing for all.
Question we asked.....
Setting sustainable goals
Government of India is committed to meeting Sustainable Development
Goals by 2030:
17 goals related to ending poverty and hunger, improving health and
education, making cities more sustainable, combating climate change and
protecting forests etc.
Goals for sustainable cities relate to urban planning, design, and
management; clean air, water and soil; affordable, inclusive and
accessible transport; climate mitigation and build resilience and integrate
needs of the poor.
ISO indicators for sustainable city: Defines performance indicators to set
benchmarks for cit services and quality of life.
Integrate guiding principles national and state level policies: Smart city,
Renewable energy, air, water and waste regulations, forest regulations among
others.
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-- Demand supply gap to jump
from 34% to 57%
-- Ground water table falling at a
rate of 1-3 meters a year.
-- Over 300% over extraction in
several blocks
-- Central Ground Water Board
warning – once the water table
reach 200 m below ground level
only rocks will be left.
-- Ground water and fresh water
banned for construction
Water stress.....
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Sharp drop in water table
Source: Hydrologist, Ground water cell (Agri. Deptt), Gurgaon
Between 2005
and 2014, as
much as 74%
drop in water
table
Drown in its own sewage?
--- Official forecast for sewage generation
in 2021 is 533 million litres. Join
Association of Federation of Resident
Welfare Association estimates -- 864
metric litre.
-- Official forecast of capacity to treat
sewage is 255 million litres – just half to
30% of what needs to be treated by 2021
-- STPs ineffient: Haryana State Pollution
Control Board found aqueous pollutants at
182 miligrams/litre while average for
municipal sewage after 3 stage treatment
should be 20 miligrams/litre.
Tankers release untreated sewer in storm
water drains
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Smogged.......
Gurugram – Pollution hotspot
in NCR
Winter pollution is severe
High exposure in key
commercial areas: – Sadar
Bazaar, Old Gurugram, Udyog
Vihar, MGF Mall among others.
Hospitals and schools in
pollution hotspots
Limited monitoring and no
health study
Guru'jam’
Losing battle of car-bulgeBetween 2008 and 2015:
Car registration increased by
352%
Bus registration down by
300%
IPT declined by 39%
Four times more cars per
1000 people than Delhi
Share of public transport, walk
and cycle dropped from 58%
to 40%
Urban design does not allow
deeper penetration of public
transport in neighbourhoods
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Killer roads
High accident risk – Pedestrians and cyclists more vulnerable
Very high accident risk on NH-8 expressway – 60% of accidents occur here.
More than 60% of road injuries reported during the day
Less than 23% of road length have usable footpath; 20% of streets have proper street
lights
Energy insecurity
Massive shortfall in electricity supply –
State electricity demand rising 10% a
year – 10-12 hours of power outages
Draft Master plan of Gurugram – (2014) –
Industrial use of electricity – 44%;
residential – 34%; commercial 21% and
municipal – 1%
Across all sectors electricity demand has
increased by at least 55% since 2005
Dakshin Haryana Bijli Vitran: electricity supply
is about 25% short of demand. Lifestyle
pressure to worsen the situation
Enormous dependence on polluting diesel
generator sets
Electricity demand from city-wide
infrastructure – street lights, motors, water
pumping etc.
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Renewable Energy
Solar Panels in Bestech Park
View Society in Gurgaon
Haryana in forefront on policies to push for renewable
energy – needs scale
Opportunity for solar – high intensity of solar radiation
for 320 days in Haryana. Gurugram currently has
17 MW of solar rooftop installed. Has a target of
another 11 MW until 2017.
-- Cost implication for switching to solar still a barrier
though cost curves have reduced
-- Perceived technology risk and vendor risk associated
with solar
-- Concerns about robustness and integration of grid for
operationalising "net metering"
-- Subsidy is often slow to come by; no subsidy on
hybrid systems (grid connected and battery bank)
-- Lack of awareness about Solar
-- HAREDA and DHBVNL need to work efficiently and
with greater coordination
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Waste is not a waste............
Waste generation growing at 5% annually -- to
increase several fold.
Municipal Corporation of Gurugram -- per capita
incremental increase in Waste generation is
about 1.3% per annum
More than half of municipal waste is
biodegradable; 12-15 %is dry
recyclable and rest is inert
Cleaning up of Bandwari landfill; making it
scientific waste treatment facility
Absence of decentralised waste segregation
Implementation of bye-laws on waste; including
on dumping, waste burning
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Construction and Demolition Waste
Massive problem, C&D dumping
destroys water bodies and
ecologically sensitive areas
Important steps forward – need
enforcement :
2015 Notification of Municipal
Corporation, Gurugram:
Notified 8 C&D waste dumping and
collection site
Waste generators pay variable rate for
segregated and un-segregated
waste.
Waste to be segregated into 6 streams.
Unregulated dumping is punishable
and stringent penalty
Make it work.....
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The poor are part of sustainability
agenda
About 10% of slum population of the state in
Gurugram. Over 1.1 migrant workers in in
addition to 1.5 million counted in 2011
Census. 72% live with shared basic facilities
In Kapasehra cluster, Chakkarpur,
Badshahpur, migrants are 60-90% of
local population
Very high dependence on rental
accommodation in private land
Affordable housing policy should cater to the
stratified needs of the urban poor – building
typology, habitat planning and basic services
Support for rental facilities
Need participatory planning, in-
situ development, upgraded housing, fiscal
and professional help for self construction
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Expand and conserve forests and green
areas
-- Forest cover has
only marginally increased to
8897.27 ha in 2014 from
8888.9 ha in 2010.
-- Reserved forest has remained the
same at 214.89 ha;
-- Protected forest has declined from
1588.27 ha in 2010 to 1575.61 ha in
2014
-- The statement of intent of
Gurugram Development Authority
aims to meet the international
benchmark for open green spaces.
The WHO prescribes a requirement
of 9 sq meter per person.
Aravallis need priority protection
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Build climate resilience
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Setting sustainability goals
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Setting sustainability goals
Clean water for all-- Reduce overall water demand by at least 25% through water efficiency and conservation
measures while maintaining quality of life.
-- Ensure equitable access to clean water for all and prevent water guzzling.
-- Promote decentralized waste water treatment for reuse and recycling.
-- Conserve rain water and increase ground water recharge in Aravallis, water bodies and
nullahs and in sectors to substantially augment local availability of water and reduce
dependence on water supply from longer distances.
Clean air for all -- Meet the national ambient air quality standards for all pollutants in a time bound manner to
protect public health.
-- Map out exposure levels and local pollution sources across the city for stronger local action
to reduce public health risk.
-- Take integrated approach towards controlling outdoor air pollution sources as well as indoor
pollution sources like biomass chulhas as these also contribute hugely to outdoor pollution.
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Setting sustainability goals
Sustainable and affordable mobility for all
-- At least 90% of the daily motorised travel trips to be carried by affordable, reliable and
modernized public transport systems, efficient para transit and extensive non-motorised
transport.
-- Eliminate traffic fatalities and road injuries.
-- Make commuting safe and accessible for women.
-- Promote universal road design for differently-abled.
-- Promote compact city design to reduce distances and vehicle-km travelled and increase
public transport and walking.
-- Preserve and build open public spaces and enable equitable access.
Reduce energy footprint
-- Reduce energy intensity of the built environment of the city by at least 30-35% to prevent
energy guzzling and contribute towards India’s INDC commitment of reducing energy
intensity of growth.
-- Improve energy savings in buildings by setting energy performance targets and adopt
enabling strategies.
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Setting sustainability goals
Build solar city - enhance renewable energy
-- Make Gurugram a solar city.
-- Promote rooftop solar power in all new and existing residential, commercial, and
institutional buildings and link it to reduce use of diesel generator sets.
-- Renewable energy will be installed to meet electricity generation equivalent to 5 per cent of
the demand load.
Promote zero landfill development -- minimise and reuse solid waste
-- Aim for near zero landfill development with not more than 10 per cent of waste to go to
landfill sites.
-- Promote mandatory decentralised segregation and collection in all residential colonies and
institutions; composting sites at colony level and ward level;
-- Promote properly designated and operated construction and demolition waste sites and
recycling facilities that are well audited.
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Setting sustainability goals
Sustainability agenda to include poor
-- Ensure equitable access for all including poor households, renters and slum dwellers to
basic resources and services -- water and sanitation, energy and waste management;
adequate, safe and affordable housing; appropriate housing typologies for all income classes;
and policy support for self constructed housing of the poor.
-- Develop urban villages where most poor people live largely on rent, as model urban
villages with all sustainability paramaters.
Protect and expand forests and green areas
-- Earmark at least 10% of the land area as forests.
-- Earmark an additional 15% as additional green areas – such as tree cover, parks, roadside
green belts etc;
-- At least 5% of Gurugram will be protected as a wildlife sanctuary, national park or
community reserve or conservation reserve.
-- Wastelands, in and around the Aravalli hills, are to be earmarked as forest to increase
forest cover.
-- Sequester green house gas emissions; trap toxic pollution, prevent heat islands, help
recharge of ground water, revive aquifers, protect local biodiversity and meet community
requirements.
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Champions of change ....
Gurgaon First: Promote renewable energy, green building and waste
management
Iamgurgaon: Protection of biodiversity and reviving traditional bandhs as
eco zones and eco mobility zones
Rahagiri: Changing mobility paradigm
Uthaan – organic agriculture and protecting local tree species and
biodiversity
SURGE: Working with community on rain water harvesting and
conservation
Mission Gurgaon Development: Protecting forests, sacred grove –
Manga Bani
NCR Waste matters waste segregation; Green Gurgaon among others
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Move forward
For each intervention detailed short, medium and long term
measures have been identified as part of the
comprehensive action plan
Time bound implementation of this action plan needs urgent
attention
Create an inter-departmental Task Force for coordination and
strong oversight and monitoring programme
Need strong public and policy support to push for change
Change is possible
25Thank You