© boardworks ltd 2003. drawing circuit diagrams you must have –straight lines –sharp corners...
TRANSCRIPT
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
© Boardworks Ltd 2003
Drawing circuit diagrams
• You must have– Straight lines– Sharp corners– Use the correct symbols
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Circuit symbols
Light bulb
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Can you remember….?
Component Symbol
Battery
Wire
Bulb
Buzzer
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Which light bulbs will light?
A
B
C
D
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A complete circuit
For electricity to flow in a circuit it must be able to flow from one end of the battery to the other end
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Electricity does not only flow inside wires!
• Lots of materials let electricity flow through them.
• An electrical conductor allows electricity to flow through it.
• An electrical insulator does not allow electricity to flow through it.
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Testing to see if a material is an electrical conductor or an insulator
Set up the circuit shown and place different materials in the gap in the circuit. Record which materials let electricity through (the bulb lights if electricity flows).
What do we call a material that lets electricity flow through it? CONDUCTOR
What do we call a material that does not let electricity flow through it?
INSULATOR
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Electron Flow
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Electron flowElectricity in wires is a flow of electrons along the wire from the negative end of the battery to the positive end
What do we call this flow of electrons? Electrical current
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The v_____ is a measure of how big a push the e_______ are given as they leave the b_____. The bigger the voltage, the bigger the p___.
Voltage
lamps
oltagelectrons
atteryush
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The unit of measure for voltage is the volt, symbol V.
V
Measuring voltage
Voltage is measured using an voltmeter. .
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In an electric c____, current is the flow of e_______ carrying electrical energy. The bigger the current, the m___ electrons are
flowing around the circuit.
Current
lamps
ircuit
lectronsore
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The unit of measure for current is the amp, symbol A.
A
Measuring current
Current is measured using an ammeter.
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Set up the two circuits shown:
In which circuit are the bulbs the brightest?In circuit A the bulbs are the brightest.What happens if you unscrew one bulb in Circuit A?The other bulb stays lit.What happens if you unscrew a bulb in circuit B?The other bulb goes out.What do we call circuit A?Parallel CircuitWhat do we call circuit B?Series Circuit
BRIGHTER
DIMMER
A.
B.
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A series circuit• All bulbs will glow dimmer!
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Old Christmas tree lights
• If one bulb breaks the circuit is broken - all bulbs go out!
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A Parallel circuit
• The bulbs all glow brightly!
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Example:In new christmas tree lights
• If one bulb is broken the other bulbs can still light
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Think
• How do you think lights on a xmas tree are set up?
• What about street lamps?
• Lights in a car?
• Lights in your house – between rooms?
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Series circuit – 1 bulbSeries circuit – 1 bulbSeries circuit – 1 bulbSeries circuit – 1 bulb
Series circuit – 1 bulb
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Series circuit – 2 bulbsSeries circuit – 2 bulbsSeries circuit – 2 bulbsSeries circuit – 2 bulbs
Series circuit – 2 bulbs
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Parallel CircuitParallel CircuitParallel CircuitParallel Circuit
Parallel circuit
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Resistance is how much a material tries to stop electricity passing through it!!!
The symbol = R
Measured in Ohms .using an Ohmmeter.
Resistance
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Experiment:How are current and voltage related as electricity flows
through resistor?
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Ohm’s Law The voltage and the current in a circuit are directly
proportional to each other when resistance and temperature are constant
Cu
rre
nt
/ A
Voltage/ A
xx
xx
x xx
x
The graph of current against voltage is a straight line
The two quantities current and voltage are directly proportional.
Current-voltage graph for a resistor
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Resistance
Resistance
Calculating resistance
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V
R
x
Ohms law triangle
Whatever you are trying to find cover it up and it will leave you with the calculation that you need.
So if you are trying to find current (I)...
…cover up I…
…which gives the formula…
II =
VR
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A bulb has a current of 20 A and a voltage of 100 V
What is the resistance?
R = V I
= 100 V 20 A= 5
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The everyday uses of electricity
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1. The heating effect of an electric current
• Applications: irons, kettles etc
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The magnetic effect of an electrical current
• Application : electric motor.
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The chemical effect of an electrical current
• Application: when electricity is passed through water it breaks up into oxygen and hydrogen gas!
•An electrical current can cause chemical reactions to happen!
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Hydrogen gas can then be used as a fuel
1. A complete circuit is required for electric current to flow
2. Circuits can be drawn using circuit diagrams with correct symbols
3. Components can be arranged in series or parallel
Simple CircuitsSimple CircuitsSimple CircuitsSimple Circuits
Simple circuits
Circuit SymbolsCircuit SymbolsCircuit SymbolsCircuit Symbols
Circuit symbols
Switches - series circuitSwitches - series circuitSwitches - series circuitSwitches - series circuit
Switches – series circuit
Switches - parallel circuitSwitches - parallel circuitSwitches - parallel circuitSwitches - parallel circuit
Switches - parallel circuit
Drag & Drop CircuitDrag & Drop CircuitDrag & Drop CircuitDrag & Drop Circuit
Drag & Drop circuit
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What is this a symbol for?
Bulb Battery
Switch Wire
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What is this a symbol for?
Bulb Battery
Switch Wire
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What is this a symbol for?
Bulb Battery
Switch Wire
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What is this a symbol for?
Bulb Battery
Switch Wire
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What is this a symbol for?
Bulb Battery
Switch Wire
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What is the name of the tiny particles that move through circuits?
Atoms Currants
Electrodes Electrons
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What is the name of the tiny particles that move through circuits?
Atoms Currants
Electrodes Electrons
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What is the name of something that lets electricity pass through?
Conductor Substance
Insulator Controller
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What is the name of something that lets electricity pass through?
Conductor Substance
Insulator Controller
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What is the name of something that does not let electricity pass through?
Indicator Terminator
Alligator Insulator
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What is the name of something that does not let electricity pass through?
Indicator Terminator
Alligator Insulator
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What kind of circuit are the bulbs in?
Parallel Series
Serious Parrot
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What kind of circuit are the bulbs in?
Parallel Series
Serious Parrot
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What kind of circuit are the bulbs in?
Parallel Series
Serious Parrot
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What kind of circuit are the bulbs in?
Parallel Series
Serious Parrot
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What is the name of the thing shown below?
Very interesting Very stupid
Variable resistor Variable bulb
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What is the name of the thing shown below?
Very interesting Very stupid
Variable resistor Variable bulb