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Bipolar Disorder

Dajshone BrucePsychology , period 3May 1,2011

+ Bipolar Disorder

A mood in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the over excited state of mania.

• Bipolar disorders are often more dysfunctional, claiming that twice as many lost workdays yearly.

+ Associated Features

mania- a mood disorder market by a hyper active wildly optimistic state.

• Hypomania episodes- a less intense and less disruptive state of euphoria.

• Mixed episodes- a period lasting at least a week, in which the symptoms of both a manic episode and a major depressive episode occur together in rapidly alternating fashion.

+ Associated Features

Bipolar Disorder Types Bipolar I Disorder• Individuals have had at least one full manic or

mixed mood episode and many suffer from episodes of depression.

Bipolar II Disorder• Individuals have at least one depressive

episode and at least one hypo manic episode, but never experience a full manic or mixed mood episode.

+ Associated Features

Symptoms of Mania• Exaggerated euphoria• Distractibility• Flight ideas• Insomnia• Rapid speech

Symptoms of Depression• Sad moods• Fatigue or loss of energy• Appetite changes• Ability to concentrate• Thoughts of suicide

+ Associated Features DSM-IV-TR Criteria

A. Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.

Note: Do not include symptoms that are clearly due to a general medical condition, or mood-incongruent delusions or hallucinations.

1. depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g., feels sad or empty) or observation made by others (e.g. appears tearful). Note: In children and adolescents, can be irritable mood.

2. markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by either subjective account or observation made by others)

3. significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain (e.g., a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day. Note: In children, consider failure to make expected weight gains.

4. insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day

+ Associated Features

DSM-IV-TR Criteria (continue)

5. psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down)

6. fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day

7. feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be delusional) nearly every day (not merely self-reproach or guilt about being sick)

8. diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective account or as observed by others)

9. recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide

+ Etiology

Biological • If one parent has a mood disorder, approximately 30% of

the time the children are at risk of developing a disorder.• When both parents have mood disorder there as 50% and

75% chance the children will develop a mood disorder.

Family and social environment• Child neglect can cause a bipolar disorder.• Unstable and unsecure relation between a child and

parent• Feelings of being unloved.

+ Etiology

Diagnosis• Patient might not be able to recognize his or her own

conditions, in the manic state.• Hypomania persists for at least 4 days.• Patients with hypomania are easily distracted and overly

talkative.• Patients with hypomania have difficulty functioning.

Children or adolescents with bipolar disorder my be in appropriately diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD)

+ Prevalence

Increase from age, gender, and family history.

Women: rapid cycling and mixed states.

Men: substance abuse. • 15-19 :type 1• 20-30 :type 2

Bipolar disorder is equal between men and women.• Type I Worldwide: 1.0%• Type II Worldwide: 1.4%• Bipolar Disorder worldwide: 2.4%

+ Treatment

Biological treatment• Antidepressant medication is most common form of

somatic treatment. Ex. Lithium.• Monoamine oxidose inhibitors.• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Psychological treatment• Family or group therapy.• Teaching certain social skills.• Seek out activities for mood balance.• Homework assignments.

+ Prognosis

1.6% of the world have bipolar disorder at some point in life.

Bipolar disorder is equally prevalent in males and females.

Bipolar disorder most commonly appears in people in their twenties.

+ References

Halgain,r.p.,& whitbourne, S.K.(2005). Abnormal psychology clinical perspectives on psychological disorders. New York,NY: McGraw Hill.

Myers, D.G.(2011).Myers psychology for ap. NY:Worth publishers.

Williams,r.(2010). Bipolar disorder. Retrieved from www.bettermedicine.com/article/bipolar-disorder.

Maryland center.(2011).bipolar disorder-treatment. Retrieved from www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/what_electroconvulsive_therapy_other_procedures_bipolar_disorder_000066_8.htm

+ Discussion Questions

If a patient Is diagnosed with a Bipolar disorder what would be the proper treatment for the patient.

Nyla has trouble sleeping at night. She frequently have manic episodes and suffers from episodes of depression. Many days she is unable to go to work because during her episodes of depression she is unable to function. What type of bipolar does Nyla have, Bipolar I disorder or Bipolar II disorder. Explain.

During an episode of mania, a patient can undergo two phases of mania. What are the two types?