我國 6bone 規劃及建置經驗

我國 6Bone 規劃及建置經驗中華電信北區分公司

互動式多媒體處嚴劍琴

中華民國九十年三月三十日

中華電信北區分公司Chunghwa Telecom Co.

互動式多媒體處Multimedia Dept.

2

Contents

IPv6 現況IPv6 標準及建置現況IPv6 位址分配現況

Worldwide Testbed -- 6Bone 國外 IPv6 發展現況我國 IPv6 發展現況總結



3

IPv6 標準及建置現況



4

IPv6 標準現況 IPv6 核心規格多已是 IETF Draft Standards

=> 已經測試完整IPv6 base spec, ICMPv6, Neighbor Discovery, P

MTU Discovery, IPv6-over-Ethernet, IPv6-over-PPP,…

其他重要規格尚未標準化但已在進行中在 routing 方面更精良的工作（除了 OSPF 及 R

IPv6 之外）必須完成，如 RSVP, multicast routing, Mobile IPv6, header compression, A6 DNS support, 及 MPLS 等標準仍需要投注心力去訂定

最新 IETF 標準現況 : http://playground.sun.com/ipng



5

IPv6 標準現況 ( 續 ) 目前缺少的關鍵部分是建置計劃，包括與 IPv4 間之無縫之互作 (seamless interworking) 。這種無縫互作之重要是因為 Inte

rnet 目前已經大量建設，不易使廠商或業者投資在此昂貴的 v6 升級上

需有一套將 IPv4 轉成 IPv6 之有效率之移轉計劃三個可能發生 IPv6 的領域是： VPNs, Satellite IP (DBS) 及行動電話之應用。無線網路尋求 IPv6 以解決移動性 IP 之問題

期望將 IPv6 納入 3G 之標準中可能將行動電話客戶使用 IP 服務而產生的區域性訊務，使用自行建置的 IPv6 骨幹。此 IPv6 網路再與現存 ISP 業者的 IPv4 骨幹 peering ，以使行動電話客戶可至 Internet 取得一些 Web Content 及與其他 Internet 用戶互連。UMTS R’00 已將 IPv6 包含至其無線行動之標準內



6

Recent IPv6 “Hot Topics” in the IETF multihoming / address se

lection address allocation DNS discovery 3GPP usage of IPv6 anycast addressing scoped address architect

ure flow-label semantics API issues

(flow label, traffic class, PMTU discovery, scoping,…)

enhanced router-to-host info

site renumbering procedures

“privacy” addresses address propagation and

AAA issues of different access scenarios(always-on, dial-up,

mobile,…) and, of course, transition /

co-existence / interoperability with IPv4



7

IPv6 產品發展現況大部分之 IP stack 廠商均投入一些程度之 IPv6 研發

有些已提供商用如 3Com, *BSD(KAME), Epilogue, Ericsson/Telebit,

IBM, Hitachi, Nortel, Sun, Trumpet有些已有 beta releases

e.g., Cisco, Compaq, HP, Linux community, Microsoft

有些已聽說要研製e.g., Apple, Bull, Juniper, Mentat, Novell, SGI

http://playground.sun.com/ipng



8

IPv6 建置實驗網路 : the 6bone

for testing and debugging IPv6 protocols and operations(see www.6bone.net)

支援學術及教育之網路 : the 6renCAIRN, Canarie, CERNET, Chunahwa Telecom, Dante,

ESnet, Internet 2, IPFNET, NTT, Renater, Singren, Sprint, SURFnet, vBNS, WIDE(see www.6ren.net, www.6tap.net)

商用網路a few ISPs (IIJ, NTT, SURFnet, Trumpet,…) have anno

unced commercial IPv6 service or service trials



9

IPv6 建置 ( 續 )

IPv6 位址分配6bone ：測試位址regional IP address registries (APNIC, ARIN,

RIPE-NCC) ：商用位址 IPv6 推動

IPv6 Forum: www.ipv6forum.com



10

ISP IPv6 建置策略使用何種硬體平台 ?

What vendor?Separate or same infrastructure as IPv4?

何種網路架構 ?Native?Tunneled?

如何培訓人員 ?On the job trainingformal training - not yet



11

ISP IPv6 建置問題目前可使用之 IPv6 Routers

limited choiceperformance

no line-rate forwardingno POS interface support

softwaretransition and advanced features scheduled way into 2001

/2002sometimes v6 is not in the same code release as other adva

nced featuresbug fixes are not necessarily on the fast track



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ISP IPv6 建置問題 Transition and Co-existence of v4 and v6

Lots of defined mechanismsWhich are easily provided by an ISP?

NAT-PT6to4Tunnel broker

Which mechanisms provide best performance for the customer?



13

Transition Mechanism (1/2) Simple Internet Transition (SIT)

Dual-stack strategies IPv6-over-IPv4 Tunneling

Important features Incremental upgrade and deployment Minimal upgrade dependencies Easy Addressing Low start-up costs

Tunneling techniquesConfigured Tunneling

Tunnel end point address should be determined from configuration information on tunnel starting point

For Host-to-Router and Router-to-Router tunnel



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Transition Mechanism (2/2)Automatic Tunneling

IPv4-compatible IPv6 address is used as IPv6 destination address For Host-to-Host and Router-to-Host tunnel

IPv4 Tunnel

Dual-stacknode

Dual-stacknode

Dual-stacknode

IPv4 H IPv6 H PayloadIPv6 H PayloadIPv6 H Payload

0:0:0:0:0:0 IPv4 Address



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IPv6 位址分配現況



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全球 IPv6 位址分配政策 Bootstrap Phase

Transitional and temporary Concludes

After first 100 sub-TLA IDs (/29s) have been allocated worldwide, or

After a RIR has allocated 60 sub-TLA IDs in their region

General Phase



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IPv6 Allocations by RIRs

APNIC 2001:0200::/2321 allocations (/35)

ARIN 2001:0400::/2310 allocations (/35)

RIPE NCC 2001:0600::/2322 allocations (/35)

6bone 3ffe::/1676 allocations (59 /24 + 17 /28)



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APNIC Allocations by Country

AU5% CN

5%

JP51%

KR24%

SG5%

TW10%

Total Allocations: 21Total Allocations: 21



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ARIN Allocations by Country

CA10%

MX10%

US80%




20

RIPE NCC Allocations by Country

AT4%BE

4%CH5%

DE31%

EU5%

FI5%

FR8%

GB8% GR

5%

NL5%

PL5%

PT5%

RU5%

SE5%




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6BONE Allocations by Country


US31%

GB6%

KR3%

PT3%

SE3%

SK3%

Other20%

Other38%

DE5%

BR3%

IT3%

JP5%

CH4%

DK4%

NL4%

BE3%



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Worldwide Testbed - 6Bone



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6Bone (1/2) A worldwide testbed : http://www.6bone.net/ Virtual network

Layered on IPv4-based Internet to support routing of IPv6 packets

To provide the early policies and procedures for IPv6 transport

Operational from June/July on 1996 Will be replaced in a transparent way by

Production ISP User network IPv6 Internet-wide transport

Addressing Architectureglobal aggregatable unicast addressTLA 0x1FFE is assigned to 6Bone by IANA for testing



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6Bone (2/2) Three types of sites

Backbone Site (pTLA sites)With its own pTLA assignmentsTo aggregate routing for other transit sites or leaf

sitesWith BGP4+ peering with a couple of backbone si

tesTransit Site

To aggregate routing for leaf siteswith at least one BGP4+ peering with its backbon

e siteLeaf Site

With static route peering



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6Bone Architecture

IPv6 island

Tunnel(BGP4+)

IPv4 network

Backbone Site

Transit Site

Leaf Site

Tunnel(BGP4+)

Tunnel(Static)

IPv6 island

IPv6 island

IPv6 island

IPv6 island

Backbone Site

Backbone Site



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6Bone Test Address

13 8 16 6424

3FFE:3600::/24 CHT-TL

128

001 TLA RES NLA SLA Interface ID

001 0x1ffe NLA1 NLA2 SLA Interface ID



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6REN (1/2) 6REN (IPv6 Research & Education Network) is establis

hed in October of 1998 Primary Goals

To provide production quality IPv6 packet delivery services

To develop operational procedures for IPv6 networksTo promote the deployment of IPv6 networksTo enable early IPv6-ready application testing and de

ployment A voluntary coordination without fee

Participates must use production IPv6 addresses and provide production quality IPv6 service.

The “6Tap” project sponsored by Canarie and ESnet To facilitate the easy interconnection of 6REN partici

pantsOver ATM interconnections



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6REN (2/2)

Wide area ATM links fromStarTAP participants worldwide

Native IPv6 peers

Native IPv6 peer

6TAProuter

native IPv6 BGPpeering sessions

ATM PVCspre-configured

Local OC3 link

ATM switchfor IPv6

@star tap



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IPv6 Forum Established in April 1999 by Internet vendors and rese

arch and education networksIBM, Cisco, Compaq, HP, Sun, MCIWorldcom, Microsoft,

UUNET, Telebit Communications, Thomson CSF, Case, Acer, NTT, Hitachi, French G6, 6REN, WIDE of Japan, ...

To dramatically improve the market and user awareness of IPv6by providing world-wide, equitable access to knowledge and

technologyto work closely with the Internet Engineering Task Force

(IETF) The membership fee per organization is US$ 2500, per

annum.



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Production IPv6 Address (1/2)

Assign sub-TLA to applicantsSlow Start Mechanism are used

To issue small address blocks until the provider can show an immediate requirement for larger blocks.

The first allocation to a TLA registry will be a 2001::/35 blockRight now, in Bootstrap Phase

13 13 64 6

001 0x0001 sub-TLA Res NLA SLA Interface ID

13 16

13 64 8 24 16

FP TLA Res NLA SLA Interface ID



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Production IPv6 Address (2/2) Examples of assigned sub-TLAs

APNIC ETRI-KRNIC-KR-19991124 2001:230::/35 NTT-JP-19990922 2001:218::/35 HINET-TW-20000208 2001:238::/35 CONNECT-CC-AU 2001:0210::/35

ARIN ESNET-V6 2001:0400::/35 ARIN-001 2001:0400::/23 VBNS-IPV6 2001:0408::/35 CANET3-IPV6 2001:0410::/35

RIPE-NCC DE-SPACE-19990812 2001:0608::/35 UK-BT-19990903 2001:0618::/35 CH-SWITCH-19990903 2001:0620::/35 AT-ACONET-19990920 2001:0628::/35



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國外 IPv6 發展現況



33

日本 WIDE v6 Working Group WIDE (Widely Integrated Distributed Environme

nt) 於 1995 開始致力於發展 IPv6 的環境，主要專注於 IPv6 技術的研究，至於 IPv6 產品的開發則由子計劃 KAME 負責其目前發展的產品包括了 IPv6 路由器與主機核心軟體、 v6 與 v4 轉換器、以及 v6 網域伺服器等WIDE 計劃已向 APNIC 取得 2001:0200::/35的商用位址網段，並開始份配位址給日本的學術單位與研究機構



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韓國成立測試平台 (6Bone-KR) 建置 6NGIX (IPv6 Next Generation Internet Exch

ange) 之 IPv6 商用網路，目前已有 ETRI 、 KT 、Dacom 、 Hitel 及 hanaro 等五個單位申請獲得 sTLA 商用位址

KRv6 計劃，致力於轉移機制及應用軟體之研發，同時提供測試平台並制定推廣策略。在漸進式的轉移機制中亦規劃了 IPv6 促進 (promotion) 策略及位址委發 (address delegation) 機制。積極參與 IPv6 Forum 之相關工作外，對應於 IPv

6 Forum ，韓國亦於 2000 年 3 月成立了 Korean IPv6 Forum ，以積極促進推展國內之 IPv6 相關工作。



35

NTT-JP



36

NTT-JP



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IIJ–IPv6 Trial Service



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IIJ–IPv6 Trial Service



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中國大陸至於在中國大陸方面，其最大之教育研究網路

CERNET 亦建置如圖五之 IPv6 網路設立測試平台進行 IPv6 研究發展目前並已申請到 sTLA 商用位址。此外，與 No

kia 合作來建置全國性的 IPv6 網路並進行關鍵技術研究。



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ESNET-V6 ESnet is working to make this transition from IPv4 to IPv6 as

seemless as possible for our customers. We are one of the few Internet Service Providers to be a participate in the 6Bone backbone. Our engineering staff is also testing many of the network services we are all familiar in an IPv6 environment.

6Bone 6Tap 6ren Whois Server Tunnel Registration Address Delegation

http://www.es.net/hypertext/welcome/pr/ipv6.html



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vBNS+ IPv6 Service Overview

Native (not tunneled) IPv6-over-ATM backbone since July 1998

Dedicated hardware (Cisco 4700s and a 7507 with OC3/ATM) for IPv6 routing.

Full mesh of ATM PVCs among the IPv6 routers.

Backbone provider (pTLA) for the global 6bone.

IPv6-capable web server: www.vbns.net



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6

6 6

6

6

vBNS IPv6 Router Locations



44

CA*net3 IPv6



45

UK-BT NAT-PT Project

BT Labs have developed an implementation of NAT-PT designed to run on a router running the FreeBSD operating system and using the KAME IPv6 stack.

We are making this implementation available for download to promote its use as an IPv4/IPv6 interoperability mechanism.

http://www.labs.bt.com/projects/nat_pt/index.htm



46

UK-JANET

The JANET Managed Bandwidth Service, initial trials are now taking place in the UK. Southampton has a 512Kbit MBS link to the European TF-TANT network.

Southampton, UCL and Lancaster are embarking on a triangular IPv6 network over JANET, a project which should lead to IPv6 connectivity to Internet 2.

Numerous router and workstation/OS vendors already support IPv6; these trials will report on interoperability issues and application developments.

http://www.ja.net/conferences/networkshop/abstracts/ipv6.html



47

我國 IPv6 發展現況



48

中華電信 IPv6 之發展現況 6-Bone Trial activities on CHT

As a leaf site since 1997/12As a transit sit since 1998/11As a backbone site since 1999/02

IPv6 address from APNIC (2000/02)inet6num: 2001:238::/35netname: HINET-TW-20000208

Join National Telecommunication project Provide Broadband IP NetworkJoin IPv6 testing



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CHT-TL 6Bone 試用內容 Techniques and Protocols Trial

IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling testingStateless auto-configuration testingRIPng and BGP4+ testing

Set up Related ServicesDSN server supporting AAA recordsWWW serverftp servertelnet server



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CHT-TL 6Bone 試用內容 (Continued)

Performance and Traffic MonitoringTraffic monitoring over tunnels with INQMS

(IP Network QoS Monitoring System)RTT (Round Trip Time) comparison between

IPv4 and IPv6 traffic



51

CHT IPv6 測試平台東華大學中正理工學院

成功大學中央大學

臺灣大學Telebit

Sprint

Viagenie

Cisco

Digital-CA

HiNetINQMSserver

IPv6router IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnels

TANET

IPv4 Internet

NUS-IRDU(SG)

ETRI(KR)

NTT-ECL(JP)



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CHT-TL 6Bone Tunnels - International Links

Telebit(Denmark)3ffe:0100::/24

Sprint(USA)3ffe:2900::/24

Viagenie(Canada)3ffe:0b00::/24

Cisco(USA)3ffe:0c00::/24

Digital-CA(USA)3ffe:1200::/24

NTUNCU-1NCU-2

NCKU-1NCKU-2

CCUNDHU

CCIT

NUS-IRDU(SG)3ffe:1600::/24

ETRI (KR ) 3ffe:2e00::/24 2001:230::/35

NTT-ECL (JP) NTT-ECL (JP) 3ffe:1800::/243ffe:1800::/242001:218::/352001:218::/35

IIJ (JP) 3ffe:8020::/28

CHTTL-TWCHTTL-TW3ffe:3600::/243ffe:3600::/242001:238::/352001:238::/35



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Performance Testing

TelebitIPv6 router

IPv6-over-IPv4 tunnels

IPv4InternetIPv6 LAN

Round-Trip Time

IPv6 RTT is greater than IPv4 RTT due to encapsulation overhead

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24Time (hour)

RTT (

ms)

IPv6IPv4



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IPv6 Traffic to Other Backbone Sites

BGP4+ KeepAlive/Update TCP port 179

ICMPv6 Echo request/reply Generated by ping application



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CHT & NTT 在 6Bone 之測試情形 Feb 2000: Tunnel building OK between CHT-HiNet and NT

T on 6Bone Next step: Clear IPv6 link Field Trial

Step 1: Performance (such as packet loss, packet delay, etc. on ftp or other applications) Testing:

(1) via ipv4 tunnel (2) via clear ipv6 connection

Step 2: Configuration (anycast, multicast, dual-stack, etc.) and Transition Testing

Step 3: Application Test and Business Model PlanningStep 4: Network Migration Plan and Testing from v4 to v

6



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TWNIC 在 IPv6 之相關活動在 TWNIC IP 委員會下成立一 IPv6 工作小組建立 IPv6 web site 及提供一個供公開討論 I

Pv6 相關議題之平台期望結合國內 ISPs, 大學 , 研究單位 , 級產品廠商組成一個 IPv6 測試小組幫助 ISPs 向 APNIC 申請 IPv6 commercial

addresses 計劃加入 IPv6 forum



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IPv6 research in National Telecommunication Project

Joined Universities 國立清華大學國立中正大學國立東華大學

Establish IPv4 Tunnels on National Broadband Experience Network (NBEN) Establish an experimental native IPv6 netw

ork in campus Provide native IPv6 services



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IPv6 Test Result in NBEN IPv6 Tunneling

Test ping6Test http6Test Video program transmission

Establish PC-based IPv6 platform Windows NT/2000LinuxFreeBSD

Establish IPv6 WWW server Establish IPv6 WWW brower

IE5.0(Windows NT/2000)Mozilla(Linux)



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IPv6 Test Environment on NBEN

NBEN

GigaPoP

GigaPoP

GigaPoP

WWW Server

Bay5000

Bay5000

Bay5000NTHU

NDHU

CCU

Video Server

3ComRouter

Fiber

Windows NT

Hub

Tunneling

IPv6

IPv4 Network

IPv4 Network

Windows NT

Linux

Windows NT

IPv6 Network



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總結



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IPv6 仍有很長的路要走雖然 IPv6 已具備 IPv4 之所有功能，然而功能執行上並非如此先進 (e.g., with respect to perf

ormance, multicast support, compactness, instrumentation, etc.)

IPv6 網路建置才剛開始將現有 IPv4 上之服務、應用 , middleware, 及管理系統等轉移至 IPv6 上仍有一段距離需要很多訓練工作應用發展者 , 網路管理者 , 行銷 ,… 許多 IPv6 之功能仍需要較詳盡之規格定義 , 開發及建置等工作



62

結論 IPv6 可徹底解決 IP 位址不足的問題，同時為下一代網際網路提供一較佳之使用平臺 IPv6 目前已由測試階段進入初期商用建置階段 IANA開始接受 IPv6 商用申請國內 IPv6 技術，主要仍在學術研究方面 TWNIC 正推動商用之 IPv6 技術

藉由整合國內 ISPs 及相關懺業界之力量希望能建置一商用 IPv6 之試驗平台引進更多之應用

WWW contentmultiplayer gamescell phones, home devices, 等



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結論 ( 續 ) IPv6 描述了未來的願景…

新的設備，新的應用，新的使用者重塑了新的 Internet model, 在效能 (perform

ance), 穩定 (robustness), 安全 (security), 管理(manageability), 及啟發快速之創意性上

強化下一代 IP 應用：提供 multicast, mobility, plug-and-play, security, 及 QoS

然而這是我們預見的未來嗎…必須投入更多能量：在設計、製作、建設、網路移轉及訓練等方面然而唯一的方法仍是：繼續投注心力



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有用之 IPv6 連結http://www.6bone.net

Testbed for deployment of IPv6http://www.apnic.net

APNIC web sitehttp://www.arin.net/regserv/ipv6

ARIN IPv6 registration informationhttp://www.arin.net/announcements/ipv6_wg.html

ARIN working group information related to IPv6http://www.ripe.net

RIPE web sitehttp://playground.sun.com/ipng

IETF standard status

我國 6bone 規劃及建置經驗

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