.....................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................4

..................................................5

................................8

....................................................................15

........................................................26

......................27 (LMTD &NTU method)

......................................................27

NTU-...........................................................................34

................................................41

....................................................................45

.............................................................46

.......................................................47

......................................................47

TEMA............................................................48

baffle plates............................................................................50

type of baffle ............................................................... 52

.....................................................................................................55

.......................................................................................56

.....................................................................................................57

.......................................................................................58

...................................................................................................58

...........................................................................................59

(serration).....................................................................60

tube bundle removal.....................................61

pulling.................................................62

pushing...........................................63

handling tube bundles..........................................65

cleaning of heat exchanger..........65

.67

........68

retube ............ 69

caskets ........71

............................................................................72

.........73

shell&tube......................................77

() ............85

(). ...............97

1-TEMA shell&tube nomenclature

2-TEMA shell&tube specification

3-Wolverine tube(heat transfer data book)

......................98

. .

. .

(Heat Exchangers)

:

1_

2_

3_

4 _

5 _

6_

7_

8_

.

1-

. . . ( ) A C . ( ) A C .

A C .

.

2-

. A C . A C . C A .

.

" . .

:

1- tube" heat exchanger-"

:

1_

2_

3_

4_

5_

Double tube" heat exchanger-"

. U . .

.

( (pipe , , , .

( (pipe ( (pipe ( (pipe . ( (pipe ( (pipe . ( (pipe , :

IPS

IPS

1 1/4

2

1 1/4

2 1/2

2

3

3

4

15- 12 ft 20 ( (pipe 20 40 ft , ( (pipe ( (pipe . , . , . ,

14 . , 100 2ft 200 , .

("hellflow splral" heat exchanger)

. .

.

:

:

1_

2_

:

1_

2_

3_

4_

_ ("shell & tube" heat exchanger)

. . .

- . . - : . - . . . . . . .

.

plate heat exchanger

- . .

plate & farme heat exchanger . . " .

, . . - .

flat plate exchanger

- . . .

, ( (pipe . , , , , , ,- 30-70 , .

BWG .

" 10 . 3/4 1 in . 10 .

.

. .

.

.

in OD 1 in 1 in OD 1 1/4 in . :

in OD 15/16 in in OD 1 in 1 in OD 1 1/4 in .

"" 45 "" . "" . .

( (pipe IPS 12in . 12 24in . 12 24in 3/8 in 300psi .

24in .

1-1-

- . . . .

.

.

. .

u . . u . .

.

2-1 -

- .

tube bundle

shell

head

front-end head

rear-end head

baffles

tube sheets

. u . . u . . u . . . .

. . . .

, .

:

1-

2-

3-

4-

5-

.

1-1 -

-1-2

.

1-2

.

. . "

3-1 - 1-2

1-2 . . . . . 1-2 " .

1-2 . . .

4-1-

. . .

. .

1-2 .

5-1- 1-2

.

6-1-

1-2

1-2

7-1- 1-2

. 36 in ,OD . .

U

1-2 u u 3 4 " .

8-1 - 1-2 u

9-1

u 10-1 . .

. . .

10-1 - u

. . . . . . " . " . . 1/8in . .

.

3fps 4fps . . 120 120 .

" . .

. " 2 .

. . " " .

(LMTD &NTU method) -

1-2-

Q=UA (1)

U=

A=u

1-2()

1-2()

(1) . dA

=

(3)

(2):

:

-dq( ( 4 )

(3) ( 4)

( 5 )

12 .

(2) q .

:

=

(6)

Q = UA (7)

(7 )(1)

(8)

LMTD))

:

1-

2- " , .

. F . :

Q=U A F

F

() "

F=1 .

2-2-

3-2- ,

4-2- 2 4

5-2- 48

2-2 NTU-

LMTD . LMTD , . LMTD .

=

. :

, ( ). mc mc

.

:

mc . :

:

:

(18)

(18)

(19)

(2) :

(19) :

(18) :

(19)

, . " :

(20)

C=mc .

:

(21)

(NTU) .

.

6-2-

7-2-

:

" " .

.

q = )]

3-

1-3- condenser

.

"

vapour . " "" .

.

: . suface condenser dead steam . . 1 2 " .

3-2- - cooler

. .

. air cooler exchanger .

3-3- riboiler

.

1- kettle type

2- thermo syphone type

1-3-3 - kettle type riboyler

.

, . .

. vapour space .

.

.

weter plate .

u . .

1-

2-

3- u

4-

5-

6-

7-

2-3-3- Termo-Syphone Reboiler

.

" " " " .

. . . . . .

.

.

circulation " ( ) .

4-3-

pass

pass : :

, ,, ,, , , , .

6 . .

16 . .

. pass .

4-

1-

.

2- -

( 2)

.

3- -

( ) .

1-4 -

1- .

2- .

3- .

4- water scale .

2-4- .

1- U .

2- ( ) .

3- .

4- ( ) .

5- TEMA

terminology . Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association)) TEMA

. . ." BEL B A AEL ." A,B E( )( ) k() U,L .

fixed tube sheet

,

Floating head or tube bundle sheet

U

U tube

kettle

BEM

AES,AEP,AJW,AFS,BET

CFU,AES

AKT

. .

u

u . .

() ,-,- , ,

" 200

fixed

200

(internal gasket ) "

.

. .

1-6- baffle plates

.

.

.

. 0.2 1 . .

. . . . " . .

(pipe)

.

6-1-

. "75 . 25 . .

7-1-

90 . . 25 .

2-6- type of baffle

1- cross baffle

.

segmental ("3.4 ) ,, . 1.32in 1.64in 36in baffle holes 1.32 in , . 36 1.64in . , , .

.

transverse baffle .

, .

2-

" . .

2-

1.4in .

( ) . 12in . , (split flow ) .

4-

." . " .

3-6 -

. , .

:

carbon steel

() brass 67 33

aluminum-bronz 95 5

monel( 70 30 )

copper

() Graphite

bronze 8 11

Stainless Steel 18

.

.

admiralty metal 70 29 1

Copper Alloy Alloy Steel .

.

, .

:

4-6-

Birmingham Wire Gauge . .

10-12-14-16-18 .

5-6-

.

1in 1in 3/4in 3/4in . . "3/8 "1/2"5/8" " 7/8" 1" 1 1/4 " 1 " 2" 2 "

1/2" 5/8" . 3/4in 1in . 1 .

6-6-

u 8-10-12-16-20 " 16 . . . Rate , , , ." Double Pipe Heat Exchanger . u . . u .

7-6-

1- 1/8in 12in Nominal Bore 14 .

2- schedule .

8-6-

1 . Tube Hole SERATION () . 2,3 4 2 .

1.8in 1.64in 3.8in 1.2in.

610 3.16in Floating Head Cover . (pitch)

7-

. .

" "brass " , ( ) . .

Galvanik Crrosion .

Electro Motive Force (E.M.F) . Sacrificial Anode , .

" , ." , Coal Tar .

. . . . , .

8- (serration)

. .

:

.

1. triangular pattern

2. square pattern

. .

- rotated triangular

- rotated square

.

.

. ( ) .

()

5/4* =

1-9- tube bundle removal

- horizontal bundl e removal . . (pad) chain block .

12 10 tapped hole eye bolt . .

2-9- pulling

:

1. tapped hole eye bult .

2. steel rod . . . .

3. .

4. (chian block) pad .

5. .

6. .

7. () supportplate tube sheets.

3-9- pushing

.

pulling pushing .

vertical bundle removal

steel rod overhead crane .

. .

4-9- handling tube bundles

.

1. support plates .

2. SLING . .

3. PALLET .

4. .

5-9- CLEANING OF HEAT EXCHANGER

.

.

. . . . . " .

1. chemical cleaning . .

2. high pressure water cleaning 6000 P.S.I . JET CLEANING .

3. sang blasting .

4. driling heads .

5. ciculation sludge .

6. .

7. water jet .

8. compressed air .

9. steam ( ) . .

10. rodding .

11. brushing&scraping . .

6-9- .water cooled

bundle cleaning

.

.

1. .

2. floating head cover . .

7-9- inspection

" .

pitting , joint landing retube .

8-9- maintenance of head exchevger

buled up plastic steel retube spacer modification .

. . . 15 20 . 10 . support plate . modification . spacer ring replacement .

9-9- retube

( ) sketch .

: () _ tie rod 106 saw machine .

6 .

- 14 15-16-17-18... diamond chisel .

- 14 13-12-11-10-... 2 . . . " . tapped hole spacer tube . . . . .

. . 1/16 1/8 face cutter U .

10-9- caskets

( _ double jacketed casket solid metal casket " 300PSI . asbestos 3 1 .

2 nubbin . 36 1 1 . . . . .

spiral wound . asbestos . . full face . goint landing . ring casket external joint 23 23 . ( ) 23 23 .

klingrite . 1800psi 750 .

11-9- fitting the bundle

1- tube test .

2- test pkug flush .

3- .

4- .

5- .

6- .

.

10-

. .

, .

" .

" (" ) .

, .

.

" .

, " . .

.

" " ( )

. , .

. ." .

()

( ) " . ( ) .

u .

" .

shell & tube

. ( ) , .

" " .

. (" ) 12 .

, .

shell&tube

20160 lb/hr 30% 120 1.3 150 90 68 90

0.002 . 1-2 10psi

.1in 160 BWG16 3/4in,OD 52 ID 10.02in

. 2in

:

ID=10.02in

2in=

=1

=52,160

3/4in,16BWG,1in= BWG,OD,

=2

= 0.3*0.19*+0.7*1=0.757

Q=20160+0.757(150-90)=915000 Btu/hr

Q=41600*1.0(90-68)=915000 Btu/hr

LMTD=37.9 F

. 120 79Ta ,ta Tc ,tc

:

=0.302in2 10

=

V=

D=0.62/12=0.0517 ft 10

* 0.62/0.75 =662 Btu/ hr

: ,

=

=0.95/12=0.079 ft 28

K=0.9

10

A=52*160*0.1963=163

:

N+1=12L/B=12*16/2=96

-

1-TEMA shell&tube nomenclature

2-TEMA shell&tube specification

3-Wolverine tube(heat transfer data book)

:

1-

heat exchanger ,kern -2

1-M.R.Jafari Nasr, G.T. Polley, An Algorithm for Cost Comparison of Optimized Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers with Tube Inserts and Plain Tubes, Chem.Eng.Technol. 2-G.T.Polley, M.R.Jafari Nasr and A.Terranova, Determination and Applications of the Benefits of Heat Transfer Enhancement, 3-M.R. Jafari Nasr, A.T.Zoghi,Performance Improvement of Tehran Refinery Pre-heater Exchangers Using Heat Transfer Enhancement. 4-M.R.Jafari Nasr, G.T. Polley and A.T. Zoghi , Performance Evaluation of Heat Transfer Enhancement (H.T.E. Technology), 14th International Chemical and Process Engineering Congress, CHISA, Parha, Czech Republic,

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