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Software

1. Introduction2. Application programs3. System Program4. Programming system5. Compressing files. Archivers

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Software

Topic 1. Introduction

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Software

hardware

software

As a person interacts with a computer

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Software Applied software– program that the user uses to solve their problems

▫ text editors▫ graphic editors▫ database…

System Software –provides user interaction and application programs with the hardware

▫ Operating Systems ▫ Drivers ▫ Utilities

Programming system– means of creating new programs.

Programs users – users make these for their own needs.

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Software

hardware

System Software

Applied software

programming system

USERS

PROGRAMMERS

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Software

Theme 2. Application programs

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Software for working with text Text Editors – for editing text documents without clearance

Notebook – files *.txt

Word processors - for editing text documents

WordPad – files *.doc (text + images)

Word – files *.doc, *.docx (text + figures + tables +

AutoShape + Chart…)

OpenOffice Writer – files *.odt – free

openoffice.org

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Software for processing Images Image Editing

Bitmaps :

Paint – files *.bmp (also *.gif, *.jpg)

Adobe Photoshop – files *.psd www.adobe.com

Gimp – free www.gimp.org

Paint.NET – free www.getpaint.net

Vector graphics:

CorelDraw – files *.cdr www.corel.com

Adobe illustrator – files *.ai www.adobe.com

Inkscape – free www.inkscape.org

OpenOffice Draw – files *.odg – free

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applied software • Video editors (files *.avi, *.mpg, *.wmv)

Movie Maker (in the Windows)

Pinnacle Studio www.pinnaclesys.ru

Adobe Premier www.adobe.com

• Publishing Systems - for the production of printed materials (newspapers, books, booklets)

Microsoft Publisher

QuarkXPress www.quark.com

Adobe InDesign www.adobe.com

Scribus – free http://www.scribus.net/

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Office Software Spreadsheets - to perform calculations with tabulated data

Microsoft Excel – files *.xls, *.xlsx

OpenOffice Calc – files *.ods – free

Control Systems to Database

Microsoft Access – files *.mdb, *.accdb

OpenOffice Base – files *.odb – free

Creating presentations

Microsoft PowerPoint – files *.ppt, *.pptx

OpenOffice Impress – files *.odp – free

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Software for the Internet Browsers - to view the Web-pages on the screen

Internet Explorer – free

Mozilla Firefox – free www.mozilla.org

Opera – free www.opera.com

Safari – free www.apple.com

Chrome – free http://www.google.com/chrome/

Post programs - sending and receiving e-mail

Microsoft Outlook Express (in the Windows)

Microsoft Outlook

TheBat www.ritlabs.com

Mozilla Thunderbird – free

www.mozilla-russia.org

What are the programs?

• Open Source: You can download ▫run and use for any purpose ▫examine the program text▫distribute (either free or for a fee)▫code changes (the development and improvement)

• Freeware: You can use free of charge, the source code is not; there are restrictions on:

▫commercial use▫code change▫Data Extraction

Linux Gimp

Avast

Firefox

Opera 12

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What are the programs?• Shareware: free software with restrictions :

disabled certain functions limited duration (30 days) limited number of launches annoying messages Forced Advertising

Paid registration removes restrictions.• Commercial software:

▫ fee for each copy

▫Free technical support(!)▫prohibition on changing the code and data extraction▫rapid changes (service packs, new versions)

Nero BurningRom

TheBat

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Software

Topic 3. System Program

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Operating Systems

Operating System – a set of programs that provide user and application programs easy to use interface (the way information exchange) with computer hardware.

Function Operating System (that it provides):• exchange data with external devices• work file system (files, folders)• start and run other programs• testing of computer processing errors• allocation of resources (processor, memory, peripherals)

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The operating system OS loader – is a small program, which is located in sector 1 boot disk, its

task - to load into memory the bulk (core) OS

memory allocation system

BIOS = Basic Input and Output System, on-chip flash memory on the motherboard

▫ testing at startup ▫ reading and writing to disk▫ communication with the keyboard, monitor, printer▫ calendar and clock▫ settings on this computer

command processor(command.com, cmd.exe) ▫ executes commands typed ▫ provides load and run other programs

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The operating system (II) utility - is a utility software to test and configure your computer:

▫ breakdown Disk(fdisk.exe)▫ disk formatting(format.com)▫ test drive(chkdsk.exe)▫ Editing the registry(regedit.exe)▫ Test your connection(ping.exe)

driver - is a program that resides in memory and provides data exchange with

an external device(files *.sys in Windows)▫ video card driver, sound card, network card, printer, scanner, …

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Types of OS Single-tasking - in every moment holds only one task (program), it receives all

the resources of the computer.

Examples: MS DOS, FreeDOS, DR DOS, PC DOS

Multitasking - can simultaneously perform multiple tasks, the OS allocates

processor time slice between tasks. Windows 95/98/Me Windows NT/2000/XP/2003/Vista/7 UNIX Linux QNX

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Types of OS

Single user - at each moment with a computer running a single user, it receives all the resources of the computer.

Multi-user - with a powerful computer at the same time multiple users.Terminal = monitor + keyboard

терминал

терминалтерминал

терминал

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Software

Topic 4. Programming systems (tools)

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Programming system

Systems programming (or tools) - is a software designed for developing and debugging new programs.

Issue:• Computers understand only the language code (a sequence of ones and zeros)• for a man more comfortable giving the job to a natural language (English,

Russian)

Compromise: • Programs are compiled in a programming language and then translated into

codes, with special programs

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Programming Languages In total over 600, widely used around 20.

Machine-oriented languages:

• Native: 09 FE AC 3F• Assemblers: a symbolic expression of machine instructions: mov AX, BX• makrosassemblery: one team replaces several machine language instructions

High-level languages (algorithmic):

• for learning: BASIC (1965), Pascal (1970), Logo, Rapier• Professional: C (1972), Pascal (Delphi), Fortran (1957), Visual Basic• for the problems of artificial intelligence: LISP, Prolog• for parallel computing: Ada• for programming on the Internet: JavaScript, Java, PHP, Perl, ASP, …

Translators

Translator - a program that translates text to other programs in machine code.

program qq;var x: integer;begin x := 1; writeln('Привет! X = ', x);end;

program qq;var x: integer;begin x := 1; writeln('Привет! X = ', x);end;

Translators

101011010

program in machine codeprogram in Pascal

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Linker

Linker – is a program that combines one of the programs and library functions into a single executable file.

qq.cpp

qq2.cpp

translator

Source Files object files

qq.exe

executable

linker

qq.obj

qq2.obj

Library functions

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Integrated development environment

Интегрированная среда разработки (англ. IDE = Integrated Development Environment) : редактор текста

программ транслятор компоновщик отладчик профайлер

Примеры: Turbo PascalBorland C++Microsoft Visual C++

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Among the rapidly developing

.RAD = Rapid Application Development) • interface is built using the mouse• part of the code is automatically created

Examples: Delphi, Borland C++ Builder, Visual Studio…

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Software

Topic 5. Compressing files. Archivers

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Archives and compressed filesBackup - create backup copies (on CD, DVD). Objectives:• save data in case of failure on the disk• together a group of files into one archive• encrypt data with a password

Compressing files - is to reduce their size. Objectives:• reduce the space occupied by files on disk• reduce the amount of data for transmission over the Internet

Compression types:• lossless: A compressed file can be restored to its original form,

knowing the compression algorithm 1.texts 2.program 3.data• losses: compression of the information is lost 1.pictures (*. jpg) 2.audio (*. mp3) 3.Video(*.mpg)

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Archivers WinRAR

Running: Start– WinRAR

compress selected file

compress selected file

unzip unzip

change password change password change drive change drive

Double-click LMB: enter the archive

Double-click LMB: enter the archive

exit the folder exit the folder

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Archivers WinRAR: packing

ЛКМЛКМ

file type file

type

SFXSFX

multivolume archives

multivolume archives

PasswordPasswordarchiv

e name

archive

name

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Archivers WinRAR: Unpacking

ЛКМЛКМto unpack? to unpack?

select the folder select the folder

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Archivers WinRAR Explorer

Packing Unpacking

ПКМПКМ

ПКМПКМ

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The End