سي دي الكتاب طموحي الجنون
TRANSCRIPT
الرحيم الرحمن الله بسم
الحين كتاب دي يس أسئلة هي هذي
7و6و5 لشابتر
مالحقت بس الخط زين ودي كان
دعواتكم من التنسوني
مارك فل نجيب كلنا ويارب
فيه ينجحون ايلتس عندهم اللي وياارب
الله في احبكم
تحيااااتي
الجنووون طموحي
Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
Activities Quiz
1 . Click to open the animation. What name is given to the process seen in this animation? (Activity: Making and Breaking Polymers)
hydrolysis
water formation
catabolism
dehydration synthesis
monomerization
2 . Glycogen is _____. (Activity: Carbohydrates)
the form in which plants store sugars
a polysaccharide found in animals
a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls
a transport protein that carries oxygen
a source of saturated fat
3 . glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____. (Activity: Carbohydrates)
lactose + water ... hydrolysis
starch + water ... dehydration synthesis
sucrose + water ... dehydration synthesis
cellulose + water ... hydrolysis
maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis
4 . Which of these is a source of lactose? (Activity: Carbohydrates)
sugar beets
milk
potatoes
sugar cane
starch
5 . Which of these is a polysaccharide? (Activity: Carbohydrates)
sucrose
glucose
galactose
lactose
cellulose
6 . _____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth. (Activity: Carbohydrates)
Glucose
Cellulose
Lactose
Starch
Glycogen
7 . Which of these is NOT a lipid? (Activity: Lipids)
phospholipid
cholesterol
steroids
RNA
wax
8 . This figure is an example of a(n) _____. (Activity: Lipids)
nucleic acid
protein
saturated fat
unsaturated fat
steroid
9 . Which of these is a phospholipid? (Activity: Lipids)
10 .
Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats? (Activity: Lipids)
a fat that is solid at room temperature
butter
beef fat
lard
olive oil
11 .
A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role _____. (Activity: Lipids)
in calcium and phosphate metabolism
as a component of animal cell membranes
as the primary female sex hormone
the most abundant male sex hormone
All of cholesterol's effects cause the body harm.
12 .
Click to open the animation. This animation illustrates the functioning of a _____ protein. (Activity: Protein Functions)
contractile
receptor
transport
structural protein
gene regulatory
13 .
Arrow A is indicating a(n) _____ protein. (Activity: Protein Functions)
transport
enzyme
receptor
signal
structural
14 .
Arrow D is indicating a _____ protein. (Activity: Protein Functions)
gene regulatory
receptor
storage
transport
defensive
15 .
Which of these does NOT contain a structural protein? (Activity: Protein Functions)
muscles
tendons
ovalbumin
spider silk
ligaments
16 .
Defensive proteins are manufactured by the _____ system. (Activity: Protein Functions)
immune
nervous
digestive
integumentary
cardiovascular
17 .
Proteins are polymers of _____. (Activity: Protein Structure)
CH2O units
nucleotides
amino acids
hydrocarbons
glycerol
18 .
What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure? (Activity: Protein Structure)
ionic
hydrophobic
peptide
S—S
hydrogen
19 .
Which of these illustrates the secondary structure of a protein? (Activity: Protein Structure)
20 .
The secondary structure of a protein results from _____. (Activity: Protein Structure)
hydrogen bonds
ionic bonds
hydrophobic interactions
peptide bonds
bonds between sulfur atoms
21 .
Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____. (Activity: Protein Structure)
hydrophobic interactions
peptide bonds
hydrogen bonds
ionic bonds
bonds between sulfur atoms
22 .
If a strand of DNA has the nitrogen base sequence ATTTGC, what will be the sequence of the matching strand? (Activity: Nucleic Acid Structure)
GCAAAT
ATTTGC
TAAACG
TUUUCG
UAAACG
23 .
If a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain? (Activity: Nucleic Acid Structure)
25
150
75
50
200
24 .
The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by _____ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases. (Activity: Nucleic Acid Structure)
hydrogen bonds
ionic bonds
hydrophilic interactions
S—S bonds
covalent bonds
25 .
A nucleotide is composed of a(n) _____. (Activity: Nucleic Acid Structure)
phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a hydrocarbon
phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar
glycerol, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar
amino group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar
sulfhydryl group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar
Answers
1. Correct Click on the diagram to start the animation. What name is given to the process seen in this animation? (Activity: Making and Breaking Polymers)
Your Answer: dehydration synthesis
2. Correct Glycogen is _____. (Activity: Carbohydrates)Your Answer: a polysaccharide found in animals
3. Correct glucose + glucose —> _____ by _____. (Activity: Carbohydrates)Your Answer: maltose + water ... dehydration synthesis
4. Correct Which of these is a source of lactose? (Activity: Carbohydrates)Your Answer: milk
5. Correct Which of these is a polysaccharide? (Activity: Carbohydrates)Your Answer: cellulose
6. Incorrect _____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth. (Activity: Carbohydrates)Your Answer: GlucoseThe Correct Answer: Cellulose
7. Correct Which of these is NOT a lipid? (Activity: Lipids)Your Answer: RNA
8. This figure is an example of a(n) _____. (Activity: Lipids)
The Correct Answer: saturated fat
9. Correct Which of these is a phospholipid? (Activity: Lipids)Your Answer:
10. Correct Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats? (Activity: Lipids)Your Answer: olive oil
11. Correct A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role _____. (Activity: Lipids)Your Answer: as a component of animal cell membranes
12. Correct Click on the diagram to begin the animation. This animation illustrates the functioning of a _____ protein. (Activity: Protein Functions)
Your Answer: transport
13. Correct Arrow A is indicating a(n) _____ protein. (Activity: Protein Functions)
Your Answer: structural
14. Arrow D is indicating a _____ protein. (Activity: Protein Functions)
The Correct Answer: receptor
15. Which of these does NOT contain a structural protein? (Activity: Protein Functions)
The Correct Answer: ovalbumin
16. Correct Defensive proteins are manufactured by the _____ system. (Activity: Protein Functions)Your Answer: immune
17. Correct Proteins are polymers of _____. (Activity: Protein Structure)Your Answer: amino acids
18. Correct What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure? (Activity: Protein Structure)Your Answer: peptide
19. Which of these illustrates the secondary structure of a protein? (Activity: Protein Structure)
Your Answer:
The Correct Answer:
20. The secondary structure of a protein results from _____. (Activity: Protein Structure)
The Correct Answer: hydrogen bonds
21. Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on _____. (Activity: Protein Structure)
The Correct Answer: peptide bonds
22. Correct If a strand of DNA has the nitrogen base sequence ATTTGC, what will be the sequence of the matching strand? (Activity: Nucleic Acid Structure)Your Answer: TAAACG
23. Correct If a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain? (Activity: Nucleic Acid Structure)Your Answer: 75
24. The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by _____ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases. (Activity: Nucleic Acid Structure)
The Correct Answer: hydrogen bonds
25. Correct A nucleotide is composed of a(n) _____. (Activity: Nucleic Acid Structure)Your Answer: phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar
............................................................
1 . What is the process by which monomers are linked together to form polymers? (Concept 5.1 ) [Hint]
hydrolysis
monomerization
protein formation
coiling
dehydration or condensation reactions
2 . In a hydrolysis reaction, _____, and in this process water is _____. (Concept 5.1 ) [Hint]
a polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers ... consumed
a monomer is broken up into its constituent polymers ... produced
monomers are assembled to produce a polymer ... consumed
monomers are assembled to produce a polymer ... produced
a polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers ... produced
3 . The type of bond that forms to join monomers (such as sugars and amino acids) into polymers (such as starch and proteins) is a(n) _____ bond. (Concept 5.1 ) [Hint]
hydrogen
covalent
ionic
peptide
van der Waals
4 . Which of the following is a polymer? (Concept 5.2 ) [Hint]
testosterone, a steroid hormone
cellulose, a plant cell wall component
glucose, an energy-rich molecule
triacylglycerol, or fat
fructose, a component of sucrose
5 . Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____. (Concept 5.2 ) [Hint]
polypeptide ... monomers
carbohydrate ... fatty acids
polymer ... glucose molecules
protein ... amino acids
lipid ... triacylglycerols
6 . Generally, animals cannot digest (hydrolyze) the glycosidic linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cows get enough nutrients from eating grass? (Concept 5.2 ) [Hint]
They have to eat a lot of it.
Microorganisms in their digestive tracts hydrolyze the cellulose to individual glucose units.
Cows and other herbivores are exceptions and make some cellulose-digesting enzymes.
The flat teeth and strong stomach of herbivores break the cellulose fibers so that the cows get enough nutrition from the cell contents.
All of the above.
7 . In what polysaccharide form do plants store glucose to be available later as an energy source? (Concept 5.2 ) [Hint]
glycogen
cellulose
starch
protein
fatty acids
8 . Which one of the following carbohydrate molecules has the lowest molecular weight? (Concept 5.2 ) [Hint]
sucrose
lactose
glucose
cellulose
chitin
9 . Which one of the following molecules is a monosaccharide? (Concept 5.2 ) [Hint]
C51H98O6
C45H84O8PN
C6H12O6
C25H43O8
C22H49O10N5
10 .
At a conference, the speaker's grand finale was sautéing mealworms (insect larvae) in butter and serving them to the audience. They were crunchy (like popcorn hulls) because their exoskeletons contain the polysaccharide _____. (Concept 5.2 ) [Hint]
collagen
cellulose
linoleic acid
chitin
glycogen
11 .
Carbohydrates are used in our bodies mainly for _____. (Concept 5.2 ) [Hint]
membrane construction
structural molecules, such as hair and fingernails
building genetic material
energy storage and release
lipid storage
12 .
The polysaccharide that you are most likely to have eaten recently is _____. (Concept 5.2 ) [Hint]
chitin
starch
glucose
lactose
ribose
13 .
One characteristic shared by sucrose, lactose, and maltose is that _____. (Concept 5.2 ) [Hint]
they are all polysaccharides
they are all monosaccharides
they are all disaccharides
they all contain fructose
they are all indigestible by humans
14 .
A polysaccharide that is used for storing energy in human muscle and liver cells is _____. (Concept 5.2 ) [Hint]
glucose
glycogen
starch
chitin
cellulose
15 .
Which one of the following is not a function of carbohydrates (as a class)? (Concept 5.2 ) [Hint]
structural support
energy storage
energy source
enzymatic catalysis
All are carbohydrate functions.
16 .
Disaccharides can differ from each other in all the following ways except _____. (Concept 5.2 ) [Hint]
in the number of monosaccharides they contain
in the type of carbonyl functional groups associated with the monosaccharide monomers
in the type of monomer involved
in the location of the glycosidic linkage
in the fatty acids they contain
17 .
Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch. Why can't the same enzyme break down cellulose? (Concept 5.2 ) [Hint]
The enzyme cannot attack cellulose because of its helical shape.
Cellulose molecules are much too large.
Starch is made of glucose; cellulose is made of fructose.
The bonds between the monosaccharide monomers in cellulose are much stronger.
The monosaccharide monomers in cellulose are bonded together differently than in starch.
18 .
The subunits (monomers) in cellulose are linked together by _____. (Concept 5.2 ) [Hint]
ionic bonds
glycosidic linkages
peptide bonds
phosphodiester linkages
ester linkages
19 .
Which one of the following components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract and be digested the least? (Concept 5.2 ) [Hint]
sugar (in the dressing)
oil (in the dressing)
starch (in the croutons)
cellulose (in the lettuce)
protein (in the bacon bits)
20 .
Lipids differ from other large biological molecules in that they _____. (Concept 5.3 ) [Hint]
are much larger
are not truly polymers
do not have specific shapes
do not contain carbon
do not contain nitrogen and phosphorus atoms
21 .
Which is the term for compounds that do not mix with water? (Concept 5.3 ) [Hint]
phospholipids
hydrophobic
hydrophilic
proteins
hydrogen-bonded
22 .
Nutritionally, saturated triacylglycerols are considered to be less healthful than unsaturated triacylglycerols. What is the difference between them? (Concept 5.3 ) [Hint]
Saturated triacylglycerols are fats; unsaturated triacylglycerols are carbohydrates.
Saturated triacylglycerols have more hydrogen atoms than unsaturated triacylglycerols.
Saturated triacylglycerols have more double bonds than unsaturated triacylglycerols.
Saturated triacylglycerols are liquid at room temperature.
All of the above.
23 .
The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____. (Concept 5.3 ) [Hint]
triacylglycerols
proteins
cholesterol
carbohydrates
phospholipids
24 .
If a small droplet of triacylglycerol molecules is suspended in water, the fat molecules form a "ball of spaghetti" with no particular orientation. But if a droplet of phospholipid molecules is put in water, all the molecules point outward, toward the water. Phospholipids are forced into this orientation because phospholipids have _____. (Concept 5.3 ) [Hint]
a charged end and a noncharged end
three fatty acid molecules, all pointing in different directions
two fatty acid molecules pointing in different directions
both a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid
two charged ends
25 .
Which one of the following is a true statement comparing phospholipids and triacylglycerols (fats and oils)? (Concept 5.3 ) [Hint]
Both molecules contain a phosphate group.
Triacylglycerols may be saturated or unsaturated, but all phospholipids are saturated.
Phospholipids are the primary storage form for fats in our bodies.
Phospholipid molecules have a distinctly polar "head" and a distinctly nonpolar "tail," whereas triacylglycerols are predominantly nonpolar.
In nature, phospholipids occur in fused rings (sterol form), whereas triacylglycerols maintain a straight-chain form.
26 .
The sex hormones estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone belong to which class of molecules? (Concept 5.3 ) [Hint]
proteins
amino acids
lipids
carbohydrates
nucleic acids
27 .
Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid at room temperature by _____. (Concept 5.3 ) [Hint]
adding hydrogen atoms to the double bonds in the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains
removing hydrogen atoms and forming additional double bonds in the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains
removing hydrogen atoms and forming additional single bonds in the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains
adding hydrogen atoms to the single bonds of the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains
none of the above
28 .
Which one of the following is the major energy storage compound of plant seeds? (Concept 5.3 ) [Hint]
amylose
glycogen
cellulose
lipids
oils
29 .
Some lipids are formed when fatty acids are linked to glycerol. These subunits are linked together by _____. (Concept 5.3 ) [Hint]
glycosidic linkages
ionic bonds
peptide bonds
phosphodiester linkages
ester linkages
30 .
The fatty acid tails of a phospholipid are _____ because they _____. (Concept 5.3 ) [Hint]
hydrophobic ... dissolve easily in water
hydrophobic ... have no charges to which water molecules can adhere
hydrophilic ... consist of units assembled by dehydration reactions
hydrophilic ... are easily hydrolyzed into their monomers
hydrophobic ... consist of units assembled by dehydration reactions
31 .
The overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide is called the _____. (Concept 5.4 ) [Hint]
double helix
primary structure
secondary structure
tertiary structure
quaternary structure
32 .
Which of the following would probably not be affected when a protein is denatured? (Concept 5.4 ) [Hint]
primary structure
secondary structure
hydrogen bonds
tertiary structure
All of the above must be affected for the protein to be denatured.
33 .
Which of the following lists ranks these molecules in the correct order by size? (Concept 5.4 ) [Hint]
water, sucrose, glucose, protein
protein, water, glucose, sucrose
water, protein, sucrose, glucose
protein, sucrose, glucose, water
glucose, water, sucrose, protein
34 .
To what does the term "polypeptide" refer? (Concept 5.4 ) [Hint]
organic molecules linked by dehydration reactions
organic monomers covalently bonded
amino acids linked by hydrolysis
carbohydrates with a hydrogen bond holding them together
none of the above
35 .
Enzyme molecules require a specific shape to perform their catalytic function. Which of the following might alter the shape of an enzymatic protein? (Concept 5.4 ) [Hint]
denaturing the protein
a change in salt concentrations or pH
heating the protein
mixing in a chemical that removes hydrogen bonds
all of the above
36 .
The α helix and β pleated sheet represent which level of protein structure? (Concept 5.4 ) [Hint]
primary structure
secondary structure
tertiary structure
quaternary structure
pentiary structure
37 .
The peptide bond is _____. (Concept 5.4 ) [Hint]
a hydrogen bond
an ionic bond
a covalent bond
a van der Waals interaction
none of the above
38 .
Protein molecules are polymers (chains) of _____. (Concept 5.4 ) [Hint]
DNA molecules
fatty acid molecules
sucrose molecules
amino acid molecules
purines and pyrimidines
39 .
The "primary structure" of a protein refers to _____. (Concept 5.4 ) [Hint]
the α helix or β pleated sheets
interactions among the side chains or R groups of the amino acids
coiling due to hydrogen bonding between amino acids
the weak aggregation of two or more polypeptide chains into one functional macromolecule
the sequence of amino acids
40 .
Which of the following do proteins and nucleic acids have in common? (Concept 5.5) [Hint]
They are both made of amino acids.
Their structures contain sugars.
They are hydrophobic.
They are large polymers.
They each consist of four basic kinds of subunits (monomers).
41 .
A glucose molecule is to starch as _____. (Concept 5.5 ) [Hint]
a steroid is to a lipid
a protein is to an amino acid
a nucleic acid is to a polypeptide
a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid
an amino acid is to a nucleic acid
42 .
A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____. (Concept 5.5 ) [Hint]
DNA
proteins
cellulose
fatty acids
sucrose
43 .
On the basis of the principle of complementary base pairing, you would expect the percentage of _____ to be equal to the percentage of _____. (Concept 5.5 ) [Hint]
adenine ... thymine
adenine ... guanine
thymine ... guanine
adenine ... cytosine
thymine ... cytosine
44 .
Which of the following are pyrimidines found in the nucleic acid DNA? (Concept 5.5) [Hint]
adenine and guanine
thymine and cytosine
thymine and adenine
uracil and guanine
guanine and cytosine
45 .
Which of the following describes a difference between DNA and RNA? (Concept 5.5) [Hint]
RNA molecules consist of a single polynucleotide chain, whereas DNA molecules consist of two polynucleotide chains organized into a double helix.
One of their nitrogenous bases is different.
They contain different sugars.
The first and second choices are correct differences.
The first three choices all describe differences.
46 .
A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components? (Concept 5.5) [Hint]
a nitrogenous base, an amino acid, and a pentose sugar
a nitrogenous base, an amino acid, and a phosphate group
a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
a nitrogenous base, a fatty acid, and an amino acid
a series of nitrogenous bases, a nucleic acid backbone, and a hexose sugar
Answers::
1. Correct What is the process by which monomers are linked together to form polymers? (Concept 5.1 ) Your Answer: dehydration or condensation reactions
2. In a hydrolysis reaction, _____, and in this process water is _____. (Concept 5.1 )
The Correct Answer: a polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers ... consumed
3. Correct The type of bond that forms to join monomers (such as sugars and amino acids) into polymers (such as starch and proteins) is a(n) _____ bond. (Concept 5.1 ) Your Answer: covalent
4. Correct Which of the following is a polymer? (Concept 5.2 ) Your Answer: cellulose, a plant cell wall component
5. Correct Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____. (Concept 5.2 ) Your Answer: polymer ... glucose molecules
6. Correct Generally, animals cannot digest (hydrolyze) the glycosidic linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cows get enough nutrients from eating grass? (Concept 5.2 ) Your Answer: Microorganisms in their digestive tracts hydrolyze the cellulose to individual glucose units.
7. Correct In what polysaccharide form do plants store glucose to be available later as an energy source? (Concept 5.2 ) Your Answer: starch
8. Correct Which one of the following carbohydrate molecules has the lowest molecular weight? (Concept 5.2 ) Your Answer: glucose
9. Correct Which one of the following molecules is a monosaccharide? (Concept 5.2 ) Your Answer: C6H12O6
10. At a conference, the speaker's grand finale was sautéing mealworms (insect larvae) in butter and serving them to the audience. They were crunchy (like popcorn hulls) because their exoskeletons contain the polysaccharide _____. (Concept 5.2 )
The Correct Answer: chitin
11. Correct Carbohydrates are used in our bodies mainly for _____. (Concept 5.2) Your Answer: energy storage and release
12. Correct The polysaccharide that you are most likely to have eaten recently is _____. (Concept 5.2 ) Your Answer: starch
13. Correct One characteristic shared by sucrose, lactose, and maltose is that _____. (Concept 5.2 ) Your Answer: they are all disaccharides
14. Correct A polysaccharide that is used for storing energy in human muscle and liver cells is _____. (Concept 5.2 ) Your Answer: glycogen
15. Correct Which one of the following is not a function of carbohydrates (as a
class)? (Concept 5.2 ) Your Answer: enzymatic catalysis
16. Correct Disaccharides can differ from each other in all the following ways except _____. (Concept 5.2 ) Your Answer: in the number of monosaccharides they contain
17. Correct Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch. Why can't the same enzyme break down cellulose? (Concept 5.2 ) Your Answer: The monosaccharide monomers in cellulose are bonded together differently than in starch.
18. Correct The subunits (monomers) in cellulose are linked together by _____. (Concept 5.2 ) Your Answer: glycosidic linkages
19. Which one of the following components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract and be digested the least? (Concept 5.2 )
The Correct Answer: cellulose (in the lettuce)
20. Correct Lipids differ from other large biological molecules in that they _____. (Concept 5.3 ) Your Answer: are not truly polymers
21. Correct Which is the term for compounds that do not mix with water? (Concept 5.3 ) Your Answer: hydrophobic
22. Nutritionally, saturated triacylglycerols are considered to be less healthful than unsaturated triacylglycerols. What is the difference between them? (Concept 5.3 ) .The Correct Answer: Saturated triacylglycerols have more hydrogen atoms than unsaturated triacylglycerols.
23. Correct The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____. (Concept 5.3 ) Your Answer: phospholipids
24. If a small droplet of triacylglycerol molecules is suspended in water, the fat molecules form a "ball of spaghetti" with no particular orientation. But if a droplet of phospholipid molecules is put in water, all the molecules point outward, toward the water. Phospholipids are forced into this orientation because phospholipids have _____. (Concept 5.3 )
The Correct Answer: a charged end and a noncharged end
25. Correct Which one of the following is a true statement comparing
phospholipids and triacylglycerols (fats and oils)? (Concept 5.3 ) Your Answer: Phospholipid molecules have a distinctly polar "head" and a distinctly nonpolar "tail," whereas triacylglycerols are predominantly nonpolar.
26. Correct The sex hormones estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone belong to which class of molecules? (Concept 5.3 ) Your Answer: lipids
27. Correct Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid at room temperature by _____. (Concept 5.3 ) Your Answer: adding hydrogen atoms to the double bonds in the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains
28. Which one of the following is the major energy storage compound of plant seeds? (Concept 5.3 )
The Correct Answer: oils
29. Correct Some lipids are formed when fatty acids are linked to glycerol. These subunits are linked together by _____. (Concept 5.3 ) Your Answer: ester linkages
30. Correct The fatty acid tails of a phospholipid are _____ because they _____. (Concept 5.3 ) Your Answer: hydrophobic ... have no charges to which water molecules can adhere
31. The overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide is called the _____. (Concept 5.4 )
The Correct Answer: tertiary structure
32. Which of the following would probably not be affected when a protein is denatured? (Concept 5.4 )
The Correct Answer: primary structure
33. Correct Which of the following lists ranks these molecules in the correct order by size? (Concept 5.4 ) Your Answer: protein, sucrose, glucose, water
34. To what does the term "polypeptide" refer? (Concept 5.4 )
The Correct Answer: none of the above
35. I Enzyme molecules require a specific shape to perform their catalytic function. Which of the following might alter the shape of an enzymatic protein? (Concept 5.4 )
The Correct Answer: all of the above
36. The α helix and β pleated sheet represent which level of protein structure? (Concept 5.4 )
The Correct Answer: secondary structure
37. The peptide bond is _____. (Concept 5.4 ) The Correct Answer: a covalent bond
38. Correct Protein molecules are polymers (chains) of _____. (Concept 5.4 ) Your Answer: amino acid molecules
39. Correct The "primary structure" of a protein refers to _____. (Concept 5.4 ) Your Answer: the sequence of amino acids
40. Which of the following do proteins and nucleic acids have in common? (Concept 5.5 )
The Correct Answer: They are large polymers.
41. A glucose molecule is to starch as _____. (Concept 5.5 ) The Correct Answer: a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid
42. A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture _____. (Concept 5.5 )
The Correct Answer: DNA
43. On the basis of the principle of complementary base pairing, you would expect the percentage of _____ to be equal to the percentage of _____. (Concept 5.5 )
The Correct Answer: adenine ... thymine
44. Which of the following are pyrimidines found in the nucleic acid DNA? (Concept 5.5 )
The Correct Answer: thymine and cytosine
45. Which of the following describes a difference between DNA and RNA? (Concept 5.5 ) .The Correct Answer: The first three choices all describe differences.
46. A nucleotide is made of which of the following chemical components? (Concept 5.5 )
The Correct Answer: a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
Chapter 6::
Home > 6: A Tour of the Cell > Activities Quiz
Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell
Activities Quiz
1 . 1 meter = _____ centimeters. (Activity: Metric System Review)
100
1,000,000,000
1,000
1,000,000,000,000
1,000,000
2 . _____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface. (Activity: Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function)
Cell walls
Flagella
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Pili
3 . What is the function of a bacterium's capsule? (Activity: Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function)
protection
adhesion
protein synthesis
DNA storage
propulsion
4 . In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____. (Activity: Role of the Nucleus and Ribosomes in Protein Synthesis )
translation of an RNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids
linking of nucleotides to form a polypeptide
translation of a DNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids
transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA
removal of introns from RNA and the stitching together of exons
5 . Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion? (Activity: The Endomembrane System)
lysosome
ribosome
chloroplast
Golgi apparatus
plasmodesma
6 . The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____. (Activity: Cilia and Flagella)
microtubules
intermediate filaments
microfilaments
pili
tonofilaments
7 . Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials? (Activity: Cell Junctions)
tight junctions
gap (communicating) junctions
desmosomes (anchoring junctions)
keratin fibers
plasmodesmata
8 . The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together. (Activity: Cell Junctions)
plasmodesmata
gap (communicating) junctions
the cytoskeleton
desmosomes
tight junctions
9 . _____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells. (Activity: Cell Junctions)
gap (communicating) junctions
Tight junctions
Keratin fibers
Plasmodesmata
Desmosomes
10 . Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA. (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
A
B
C
D
E
11 . Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
nucleolus
chromatin
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
ribosomes
12 . Which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus? (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
A
B
C
D
E
13 . The _____ is composed of DNA and protein. (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
mitochondrion
flagellum
centriole
chromatin
ribosome
14 . Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____. (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
lysosome
nucleolus
peroxisome
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
15 . _____ are the sites of protein synthesis. (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
Mitochondria
Peroxisomes
Golgi apparatuses
Microfilaments
Ribosomes
16 . Which of these is involved in the manufacture of membrane? (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
nucleolus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
17 . The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell. (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
lysosome
nuclear envelope
chloroplast
plasma membrane
nucleus
18 . Where is calcium stored? (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
mitochondria
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
centrioles
rough endoplasmic reticulum
microtubules
19 . Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products? (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
A
B
C
D
E
20 . Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell? (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
plasma membrane
microtubules
chloroplasts
microfilaments
peroxisomes
21 . _____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles. (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
Mitochondria
Nuclear envelopes
Chromatin
Microfilaments
Basal bodies
22 . Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product? (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
mitochondrion
nucleus
centrioles
flagellum
peroxisome
23 . Which of these provides the cell with structural support? (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
A
B
C
D
E
24 . Which of these organelles is responsible for photosynthesis? (Activity: Review of Plant Cell Structure and Function)
A
B
C
D
E
Answers;:
1. Not Answered
1 meter = _____ centimeters. (Activity: Metric System Review)The Correct Answer: 100
2. Not Answered
_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface. (Activity: Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function)The Correct Answer: Pili
3. Not Answered
What is the function of a bacterium's capsule? (Activity: Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function)The Correct Answer: protection
4. Not Answered
In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____. (Activity: Role of the Nucleus and Ribosomes in Protein Synthesis )The Correct Answer: transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA
5. Not Answered
Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion? (Activity: The Endomembrane System)The Correct Answer: lysosome
6. Not Answered
The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____. (Activity: Cilia and Flagella)The Correct Answer: microtubules
7. Not Answered
Which of these cell junctions form a barrier to the passage of materials? (Activity: Cell Junctions)The Correct Answer: tight junctions
8. Not Answered
The primary role of _____ is to bind animal cells together. (Activity: Cell Junctions)The Correct Answer: desmosomes
9. Not Answered
_____ aid in the coordination of the activities of adjacent animal cells. (Activity: Cell Junctions)The Correct Answer: gap (communicating) junctions
10. Not Answered
Choose the letter that indicates the organelle that contains most of a cell's DNA. (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
The Correct Answer: C
11. Not Answered
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)The Correct Answer: mitochondrion
12. Not Answered
Which of these is the double membrane that encloses the nucleus? (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
The Correct Answer: E
13. Not Answered
The _____ is composed of DNA and protein. (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function) The Correct Answer: chromatin
14. Not Answered
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____. (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)The Correct Answer: nucleolus
15. Not Answered
_____ are the sites of protein synthesis. (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)The Correct Answer: Ribosomes
16. Not Answered
Which of these is involved in the manufacture of membrane? (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)The Correct Answer: rough endoplasmic reticulum
17. Not Answered
The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell. (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)The Correct Answer: plasma membrane
18. Not Answered
Where is calcium stored? (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)The Correct Answer: smooth endoplasmic reticulum
19. Not Answered
Which of these structures stores, modifies, and packages products? (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
The Correct Answer: A
20. Not Answered
Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell? (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)The Correct Answer: microtubules
21. Not Answered
_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles. (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)The Correct Answer: Basal bodies
22. Not Answered
Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product? (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)The Correct Answer: peroxisome
23. Not Answered
Which of these provides the cell with structural support? (Activity: Review of Animal Cell Structure and Function)
The Correct Answer: D
24. Not Answered
Which of these organelles is responsible for photosynthesis? (Activity: Review of Plant Cell Structure and Function)
The Correct Answer: D
Home > 6: A Tour of the Cell > Chapter Quiz
Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell
Chapter Quiz
1 . A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should he choose and why is it the best choice? (Concept 6.1 ) [Hint]
light microscope, because of its high resolving power
transmission electron microscope, because of its high magnifying power
scanning electron microscope, because of its ability to visualize the surface of subcellular objects.
transmission electron microscope, because of its high resolving power
light microscope, because the specimen is alive
2 . Which statement about cell fractionation is incorrect? (Concept 6.1) [Hint]
The first step in cell fractionation is disruption of the cells and their organelles.
Organelles that are largest or heaviest are likely to be isolated earlier in the fractionation procedure than those that are smaller or lighter.
Organelles are separated by spinning the cell extract at several different speeds in a centrifuge.
When a cell extract is centrifuged, smaller organelles end up in the pellet at the bottom of the tube and larger organelles
remain in the liquid above the pellet.
Isolation of the smallest organelles (such as ribosomes) requires very high centrifuge speeds.
3 . The average wavelength of visible light is about 550 nanometers (or 0.5 micrometers). Which of the following cellular structures is unlikely to be resolved with a light microscope? (Concept 6.1 ) [Hint]
the nucleus, which is typically about 5 micrometers in diameter
chromosomes in the nucleus during cell division
nuclear pore complexes (100 nanometers in diameter) on the nuclear membrane
a typical bacterial cell, which is between 0.5 and 2.0 micrometers in diameter
a typical eukaryotic cell, which is between 10 and 100 micrometers in diameter
4 . Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to _____. (Concept 6.2 ) [Hint]
have a very high metabolic rate
be buried deep in the interior of an organism
be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment
be a prokaryotic cell
be nearly spherical in shape
5 . Which of the following are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell? (Concept 6.2 ) [Hint]
the time it takes a molecule to diffuse across a cell
the cell's surface-to-volume ratio
the presence of a nucleus in the cell
The first two answers are correct.
The first three answers are correct.
6 . Which of the following structures cannot be found in prokaryotic cells? (Concept 6.2 ) [Hint]
cytosol
plasma membrane
mitochondria
ribosomes
RNA
7 . A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must
pass through _____. (Concept 6.2 ) [Hint]
a microtubule
several different organelle membranes
a ribosome
the nucleus
the plasma membrane
8 . In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? (Concept 6.2 ) [Hint]
Eukaryotic cells can synthesize proteins but prokaryotic cells cannot.
Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus.
Compartmentalization of the cytoplasm by membrane-bounded organelles occurs in eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane and prokaryotic cells do not.
Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.
9 . Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they _____. (Concept 6.2 ) [Hint]
lack chromosomes
have a smaller nucleus
lack a plasma membrane
have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm
have no ribosomes
10 .
Which statement(s) about the ratio of cell surface area to cell volume is (are) correct? (Concept 6.2 ) [Hint]
Because of limitations in the surface-to-volume ratio, larger organisms generally do not have larger-volume cells when compared to smaller organisms.
Cells involved in uptake of materials with their environment have large surface areas without greatly increasing their volume.
Cells with more convoluted surfaces have larger surface-to-volume ratios than cells with smooth surfaces.
The first two answers are correct.
The first three answers are correct.
11 .
Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common? (Concept 6.2 ) [Hint]
mitochondria, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosomes
mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm
ribosomes, nucleus, plasma membrane
12 .
A certain cell contains mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and several other cellular components. Based on this information, this cell could not be _____. (Concept 6.2 ) [Hint]
a cell from a pine tree
a grasshopper cell
a yeast (fungus) cell
a bacterium
The description above could fit any of the cells listed in the answers.
13 .
What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane? (Concept 6.3 ) [Hint]
Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
The nuclear pores are connections between the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum that permit ribosomes to assemble on the surface of the ER.
The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores.
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores.
None of the above is correct.
14 .
Of the following organelles associated with the endomembrane system, which group is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell? (Concept 6.4 ) [Hint]
lysosome, vacuole, ribosome
ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum
vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, vacuole
rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, vacuole
15 .
Which one of the following organelles is unlikely to show enhanced abundance in the pancreatic cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes? (Concept 6.4 ) [Hint]
rough endoplasmic reticulum
free cytoplasmic ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
transport vesicles
All of the above will increase in pancreatic cells secreting digestive enzymes.
16 .
A plant was grown in a test tube containing radioactive nucleotides, the molecules from which DNA is built. Later examination of dividing cells in the plant showed the majority of the radioactivity to be concentrated in the _____. (Concepts 6.3 and 6.4 ) [Hint]
rough endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
central vacuole
nucleus
17 .
Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? (Concept 6.4 ) [Hint]
breakdown of complex foods
energy processing
manufacturing
structural support of cells
information storage
18 .
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____. (Concept 6.4 ) [Hint]
make a lot of ATP
secrete a lot of protein
move rapidly
perform photosynthesis
store large quantities of ions
19 .
A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____. (Concept 6.4 ) [Hint]
Golgi apparatus
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
plasma membrane
transport vesicles
rough endoplasmic reticulum
20 .
Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found? (Concept 6.4 ) [Hint]
in the aqueous interior of a lysosome functioning as a digestive enzyme
in the cytoplasm, functioning as an enzyme in carbohydrate synthesis
embedded in the plasma membrane functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell
in the internal space of the Golgi apparatus, being modified before the protein is excreted
in a mitochondrion functioning in ATP synthesis
21 .
Which of the following sequences represents the order in which a protein made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum might move through the endomembrane system? (Concept 6.4 ) [Hint]
lysosome ... plasma membrane
Golgi apparatus .... mitochondria
Golgi apparatus ... vacuole
plasma membrane ... nuclear envelope
nuclear envelope ... lysosome
22 .
Which of the following is (are) most likely to be involved in the process of producing proteins for a chloroplast or mitochondrion, neither of which is part of the endomembrane system? (Concepts 6.4 and 6.5
) [Hint]
transport vesicles
free cytoplasmic ribosomes
the Golgi apparatus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
23 .
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized _____. (Concepts 6.3-6.5 ) [Hint]
on ribosomes on the nuclear envelope
on free cytoplasmic ribosomes
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
in the mitochondria
in the plasma membrane
24 .
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are
probably most similar to ribosomes found ______. (Concepts 6.3-6.5 ) [Hint]
free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes
on the rough ER
in bacterial cells
The first two answers are correct.
The first three answers are correct.
25 .
Which one of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from the other four? (Concepts 6.4 and 6.5 ) [Hint]
endoplasmic reticulum
plasma membrane
mitochondrial outer membrane
lysosome membrane
Golgi apparatus
26 .
Which of the following is not a true statement about chloroplasts and mitochondria? (Concept 6.5 ) [Hint]
Each contains a small amount of DNA.
Neither are components of the endomembrane system.
Both are composed of two separate membranes.
Each organelle synthesizes some of its own proteins.
All of the above are correct.
27 .
Which of the following is a possible reason for grouping the peroxisomes with chloroplasts and mitochondria? (Concept 6.5 ) [Hint]
They are all involved in ATP synthesis.
They all contain two or more membranes.
They all contain DNA and make some of their own proteins.
They are all part of the plastid family of organelles.
None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system.
28 .
Which type of cell is most likely to have the most mitochondria? (Concept 6.5 ) [Hint]
muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner
photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree
bacterial cells that are growing on sugars
inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use
cells in the skin on your finger that are not dividing
29 .
Which of the following is not a characteristic of mitochondria? (Concept 6.5 ) [Hint]
Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism.
Mitochondria have more than one membrane.
Mitochondria contain DNA and ribosomes.
Mitochondria are independent of the endomembrane system.
All of the above are characteristics of mitochondria.
30 .
Assume that when a plant cell divides, one of the daughter cells lacks chloroplasts. Which of the following would be reasons that the cell could not produce new chloroplasts from scratch? (Concept 6.5 ) [Hint]
Chloroplasts are not part of the endomembrane system.
Chloroplasts contain unique DNA that encodes for some of their own proteins.
Chloroplasts are a source of energy for plant cells.
The first two answers are correct.
The first three answers are correct.
31 .
The observation that chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain their own DNA and synthesize some of the proteins that function in these organelles suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria ______. (Concepts 6.3-6.5 ) [Hint]
are produced by the nucleus of the cell
must divide each time the cell containing them divides
are part of the endomembrane system
are involved in energy metabolism of the cell
contain two or more membranes
32 .
Which of the following are possible sites of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell? (Concepts 6.3-6.5 ) [Hint]
the cytoplasm
the rough endoplasmic reticulum
in mitochondria
The first two answers are correct.
The first three answers are correct.
33 .
Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles? (Concepts 6.2 , 6.3 , and 6.5 ) [Hint]
the nucleolus
mitochondria
ribosomes
transport vesicles
No organelles are found inside of other organelles.
34 .
Which of the following cellular processes or characteristics is not related to the cytoskeleton? (Concept 6.6 ) [Hint]
transmission of information from the cell surface to the interior of the cell
movement of the chromosomes during cell division
movement of cilia or flagella
contraction of muscle cells
All of the above are related to the cytoskeleton.
35 .
The surface cells that line the intestines are highly folded to optimize uptake of molecules from the digestive tract. If these cells were treated with a drug that causes the breakdown of the cytoskeleton, which of the following would be most likely to occur? (Concept 6.6 ) [Hint]
Adjacent cells would lose their contact with each other.
The surface of the cells would become more randomly shaped.
The uptake of substances from the intestines into the cells would be completely stopped.
The plasma membrane would rupture.
The nuclear pores would cease to function.
36 .
Which of following structures are found in both plant cells and animal cells? (Concept 6.6 ) [Hint]
cell walls
chloroplasts
central vacuoles
mitochondria
none of the above
37 .
Which statement about the cytoskeleton is incorrect? (Concept 6.6) [Hint]
Microtubules are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support.
Microfilaments are chains of proteins that resist stretching.
Intermediate filaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to microfilaments and microtubules.
Components of the cytoskeleton are often involved with movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.
Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall.
38 .
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following? (Concept 6.6 ) [Hint]
actin
pseudopodia
mitochondria
tubulin
motor proteins
39 .
Where would you expect to find proteins involved with movement of structures within a cell? (Concept 6.6 ) [Hint]
muscles
cytoskeleton
transport vesicles moving from the ER to the Golgi
plasma membrane
ribosomes
40 .
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which one of the following cell components? (Concept 6.6 ) [Hint]
nucleus
mitochondria
cilia
the central vacuole
Golgi apparatus
41 .
Which of the following organelles, if any, lack membranes as part of their structure? (Concepts 6.3- 6.7 ) [Hint]
vacuoles
ribosomes
microfilaments
The first two answers are correct.
The second and third answers are correct.
42 .
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through a _____. (Concept 6.7 ) [Hint]
tight junction
microtubule
cell wall
plasmodesmata
gap junction
43 .
Which of the following correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells? (Concept 6.7 ) [Hint]
Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates.
The structures that are external to the plasma membrane are essentially independent of the plasma membrane in both groups.
The ECM and plant cell walls completely cover the plasma membrane of their respective cells.
Both the ECM and plant cell walls provide rigid structures that determine the shape of their respective cells.
Cell walls and ECMs provide for tight contact between adjacent cells.
44 .
Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? (Concept 6.7 ) [Hint]
The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell.
The intestinal cells are bound together by plasmodesmata.
The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.
The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions.
The intestinal cells are bound together by the extracellular matrix.
45 .
Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of a plant cell wall and an animal cell extracellular matrix? (Concept 6.7 ) [Hint]
Both are permeable to water and small solutes.
Both are synthesized in the ER and Golgi apparatus.
Both are composed primarily of carbohydrates.
The first two answers are correct.
The first three answers are correct.
46 .
The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized ____. (Concepts 6.4 and 6.7 ) [Hint]
externally to the plasma membrane
in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
in the Golgi apparatus
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus
in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Answers::
1. Not Answered
A researcher wants to film the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Which type of microscope should he choose and why is it the best choice? (Concept 6.1 ) The Correct Answer: light microscope, because the specimen is alive
2. Not Answered
Which statement about cell fractionation is incorrect? (Concept 6.1 ) The Correct Answer: When a cell extract is centrifuged, smaller organelles end up in the pellet at the bottom of the tube and larger organelles remain in the liquid above the pellet.
3. Not Answered
The average wavelength of visible light is about 550 nanometers (or 0.5 micrometers). Which of the following cellular structures is unlikely to be resolved with a light microscope? (Concept 6.1 ) The Correct Answer: nuclear pore complexes (100 nanometers in diameter) on the nuclear membrane
4. Not Answered
Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to _____. (Concept 6.2 ) The Correct Answer: be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment
5. Not Answered
Which of the following are likely to limit the maximum size of a cell? (Concept 6.2 ) The Correct Answer: The first two answers are correct.
6. Not Answered
Which of the following structures cannot be found in prokaryotic cells? (Concept 6.2 ) The Correct Answer: mitochondria
7. Not Answered
A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through _____. (Concept 6.2 ) The Correct Answer: the plasma membrane
8. Not Answered
In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? (Concept 6.2 ) The Correct Answer: Compartmentalization of the cytoplasm by membrane-bounded organelles occurs in eukaryotic cells.
9. Not Answered
Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they _____. (Concept 6.2 ) The Correct Answer: have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm
10. Not Answered
Which statement(s) about the ratio of cell surface area to cell volume is (are) correct? (Concept 6.2 ) The Correct Answer: The first two answers are correct.
11. Not Answered
Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common? (Concept 6.2 ) The Correct Answer: ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
12. Not Answered
A certain cell contains mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and several other cellular components. Based on this information, this cell could not be _____. (Concept 6.2 ) The Correct Answer: a bacterium
13. Not Answered
What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane? (Concept 6.3 ) The Correct Answer: Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
14. Not Answered
Of the following organelles associated with the endomembrane system, which group is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell? (Concept 6.4 ) The Correct Answer: ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum
15. Not Answered
Which one of the following organelles is unlikely to show enhanced abundance in the pancreatic cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes? (Concept 6.4 ) The Correct Answer: free cytoplasmic ribosomes
16. Not Answered
A plant was grown in a test tube containing radioactive nucleotides, the molecules from which DNA is built.
Later examination of dividing cells in the plant showed the majority of the radioactivity to be concentrated in the _____. (Concepts 6.3 and 6.4 ) The Correct Answer: nucleus
17. Not Answered
Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? (Concept 6.4 ) The Correct Answer: manufacturing
18. Not Answered
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____. (Concept 6.4 ) The Correct Answer: secrete a lot of protein
19. Not Answered
A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____. (Concept 6.4 ) The Correct Answer: Golgi apparatus
20. Not Answered
Consider a protein that is made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. You observe that when the synthesis of the protein is completed, the protein is located in the ER membrane. Where else in the cell might this protein be found? (Concept 6.4 ) The Correct Answer: embedded in the plasma membrane functioning in the transport of molecules into the cell
21. Not Answered
Which of the following sequences represents the order in which a protein made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum might move through the endomembrane system? (Concept 6.4 ) The Correct Answer: Golgi apparatus ... vacuole
22. Not Answered
Which of the following is (are) most likely to be involved in the process of producing proteins for a chloroplast or mitochondrion, neither of which is part of the endomembrane system? (Concepts 6.4 and 6.5 ) The Correct Answer: free cytoplasmic ribosomes
23. Not Answered
A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized _____. (Concepts 6.3-6.5 ) The Correct Answer: in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
24. Not Answered
Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found ______. (Concepts 6.3-6.5 ) The Correct Answer: in bacterial cells
25. Not Answered
Which one of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from the other four? (Concepts 6.4 and 6.5 ) The Correct Answer: mitochondrial outer membrane
26. Not Answered
Which of the following is not a true statement about chloroplasts and mitochondria? (Concept 6.5 ) The Correct Answer: Both are composed of two separate membranes.
27. Not Answered
Which of the following is a possible reason for grouping the peroxisomes with chloroplasts and mitochondria? (Concept 6.5 ) The Correct Answer: None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system.
28. Not Answered
Which type of cell is most likely to have the most mitochondria? (Concept 6.5 ) The Correct Answer: muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner
29. Not Answered
Which of the following is not a characteristic of mitochondria? (Concept 6.5 ) The Correct Answer: All of the above are characteristics of mitochondria.
30. Not Answered
Assume that when a plant cell divides, one of the daughter cells lacks chloroplasts. Which of the following would be reasons that the cell could not produce new chloroplasts from scratch? (Concept 6.5
) The Correct Answer: The first two answers are correct.
31. Not Answered
The observation that chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain their own DNA and synthesize some of the proteins that function in these organelles suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria ______. (Concepts 6.3-6.5 ) The Correct Answer: must divide each time the cell containing them divides
32. Not Answered
Which of the following are possible sites of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell? (Concepts 6.3-6.5
) The Correct Answer: The first three answers are correct.
33. Not Answered
Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles? (Concepts 6.2 , 6.3 , and 6.5 ) The Correct Answer: ribosomes
34. Not Which of the following cellular processes or
Answered characteristics is not related to the cytoskeleton? (Concept 6.6 ) The Correct Answer: All of the above are related to the cytoskeleton.
35. Not Answered
The surface cells that line the intestines are highly folded to optimize uptake of molecules from the digestive tract. If these cells were treated with a drug that causes the breakdown of the cytoskeleton, which of the following would be most likely to occur? (Concept 6.6 ) The Correct Answer: The surface of the cells would become more randomly shaped.
36. Not Answered
Which of following structures are found in both plant cells and animal cells? (Concept 6.6 ) The Correct Answer: mitochondria
37. Not Answered
Which statement about the cytoskeleton is incorrect? (Concept 6.6 ) The Correct Answer: Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall.
38. Not Answered
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following? (Concept 6.6
) The Correct Answer: motor proteins
39. Not Answered
Where would you expect to find proteins involved with movement of structures within a cell? (Concept 6.6 ) The Correct Answer: cytoskeleton
40. Not Answered
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which one of the following cell components? (Concept 6.6 ) The Correct Answer: cilia
41. Not Answered
Which of the following organelles, if any, lack membranes as part of their structure? (Concepts 6.3- 6.7
) The Correct Answer: The second and third answers are correct.
42. Not Answered
Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through a _____. (Concept 6.7 ) The Correct Answer: plasmodesmata
43. Not Answered
Which of the following correctly compares the extracellular matrix (ECM) of animal cells to cell walls of plant cells? (Concept 6.7 ) The Correct Answer: Both the ECM and the plant cell wall are composed of varying mixtures of proteins and carbohydrates.
44. Not Answered
Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? (Concept 6.7 ) The Correct Answer: The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.
45. Not Answered
Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of a plant cell wall and an animal cell extracellular matrix? (Concept 6.7 ) The Correct Answer: The first two answers are correct.
46. Not Answered
The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized ____. (Concepts 6.4 and 6.7 ) The Correct Answer: in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus
Chapter 7::
Home > 7: Membrane Structure and Function > Activities Quiz Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function
Activities Quiz
1 . What is the function of Structure E? (Activity: Membrane Structure)
transport across the plasma membrane
stabilization of the phospholipids
cell-cell communication
structural support of the cell
detection of environmental change
2 . Identify Structure D. (Activity: Membrane Structure)
glycoprotein
cholesterol
phospholipid bilayer of membrane
extracellular matrix
protein
3 . Identify Structure A. (Activity: Membrane Structure)
glycoprotein
cholesterol
phospholipid
extracellular matrix
protein
4 . Click to open the animation. Structure A is a(n) _____. (Activity:
Selective Permeability of Membranes)
receptor molecule
antibody
structural protein
enzyme
transport protein
5 . Which of these cannot pass directly through the phospholipids of the plasma membrane? (Activity: Selective Permeability of Membranes)
A
B
C
D
B, C, and D
6 . Click to open the animation. What name is given to the process? (Activity: Diffusion)
sodium-potassium pump
turgor
active transport
osmosis
diffusion
7 . What name is given to the process by which water crosses a selectively permeable membrane? (Activity: Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells)
diffusion
passive transport
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
osmosis
8 . This cell is in a(n) _____ solution. (Activity: Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells)
hypotonic
hypertonic
isotonic
hypotonic and isotonic
hypertonic or isotonic
9 . You know that this cell is in a(n) _____ solution because the cell _____. (Activity: Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells)
hypertonic ... lost water
hypertonic ... gained water
isotonic ... neither lost nor gained water
hypotonic ... shrunk
hypotonic ... swelled
10 .
Click to open the animation. This plant cell is _____. (Activity:
Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells)
lysing
in a hypotonic solution
hypertonic solution
in an isotonic solution
losing water
11 .
You know that this cell is in a(n) _____ solution because it _____. (Activity: Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells)
hypotonic ... is turgid
hypotonic ... lysed
hypertonic ... lysed
hypertonic solution ... lost water
hypertonic ... gained water
12 .
Click to open the animation. This process is referred to as _____. (Activity: Facilitated Diffusion)
phagocytosis
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
pinocytosis
active transport
13 .
Structure A is a _____. (Activity: Facilitated Diffusion)
water molecule
phospholipid
transport protein
solvent
solute
14 .
Structure B is a _____. (Activity: Facilitated Diffusion)
water molecule
phospholipid
transport protein
solvent
solute
15 .
Click to open the animation. Which of these is TRUE with regard to this animation? (Activity: Active Transport)
Sodium ions are transported down their concentration gradient.
An electrochemical gradient forms across the plasma membrane.
The cell does not expend ATP.
The cell is not expending energy.
Potassium ions are transported down their concentration gradient.
16 .
Endocytosis moves materials _____ a cell via _____. (Activity: Exocytosis and Endocytosis)
into ... facilitated diffusion
into ... membranous vesicles
into ... a transport protein
out of ... diffusion
out of ... membranous vesicles
17 .
Click to open the animation. This is an animation of _____. (Activity: Exocytosis and Endocytosis)
facilitated diffusion
exocytosis
phagocytosis
endocytosis
osmosis
18 .
Click to open the animation. This is an animation of _____. (Activity: Exocytosis and Endocytosis)
facilitated diffusion
exocytosis
phagocytosis
diffusion
receptor-mediated endocytosis
19 .
Click to open the animation. You know that this process is _____ because _____. (Activity: Exocytosis and Endocytosis)
phagocytosis ... the cell is engulfing a large particle
pinocytosis ... the cell is engulfing a large particle
phagocytosis ... the cell is engulfing extracellular fluid
receptor-mediated endocytosis ... a receptor protein is involved
pinocytosis ... the cell is engulfing extracellular fluid
20 .
Click to open the animation. This is an animation of _____. (Activity: Exocytosis and Endocytosis)
facilitated diffusion
exocytosis
phagocytosis
diffusion
receptor-mediated endocytosis
21 .
A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of _____. (Activity: Exocytosis and Endocytosis)
pinocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis
exocytosis
phagocytosis
facilitated diffusion
Answers::
1. Not Answered
What is the function of Structure E? (Activity: Membrane Structure)
The Correct Answer: stabilization of the phospholipids
2. Not Answered
Identify Structure D. (Activity: Membrane Structure)
The Correct Answer: phospholipid bilayer of
membrane
3. Not Answered
Identify Structure A. (Activity: Membrane Structure)
The Correct Answer: glycoprotein
4. Not Answered
Click on structure A to see an animation of its function. Structure A is a(n) _____. (Activity: Selective Permeability of Membranes)
The Correct Answer: transport protein
5. Not Answered
Which of these cannot pass directly through the phospholipids of the plasma membrane? (Activity: Selective Permeability of Membranes)
The Correct Answer: B, C, and D
6. Not Answered
Click on the art to see an animation. What name is given to the process? (Activity: Diffusion)
The Correct Answer: diffusion
7. Not Answered
What name is given to the process by which water crosses a selectively permeable membrane? (Activity: Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells)The Correct Answer: osmosis
8. Not Answered
This cell is in a(n) _____ solution. (Activity: Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells)
The Correct Answer: hypertonic
9. Not Answered
You know that this cell is in a(n) _____ solution because the cell _____. (Activity: Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells)
The Correct Answer: hypotonic ... swelled
10. Not Answered
Click on the cell to start the animation. This plant cell is _____. (Activity: Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells)
The Correct Answer: in a hypotonic solution
11. Not Answered
You know that this cell is in a(n) _____ solution because it _____. (Activity: Osmosis and Water Balance in Cells)
The Correct Answer: hypertonic solution ... lost water
12. Not Answered
Click on the membrane protein to begin the animation. This process is referred to as _____. (Activity: Facilitated Diffusion)
The Correct Answer: facilitated diffusion
13. Not Answered
Structure A is a _____. (Activity: Facilitated Diffusion)
The Correct Answer: solute
14. Not Structure B is a _____. (Activity: Facilitated
Answered
Diffusion)
The Correct Answer: transport protein
15. Not Answered
Click on the membrane transport protein to start the animation. Which of these is TRUE with regard to this animation? (Activity: Active Transport)
The Correct Answer: An electrochemical gradient forms across the plasma membrane.
16. Not Answered
Endocytosis moves materials _____ a cell via _____. (Activity: Exocytosis and Endocytosis)The Correct Answer: into ... membranous vesicles
17. Not Answered
Click on the vesicle. This is an animation of _____. (Activity: Exocytosis and Endocytosis)
The Correct Answer: exocytosis
18. Not Answered
Click on the brown debris. This is an animation of _____. (Activity: Exocytosis and Endocytosis)
The Correct Answer: phagocytosis
19. Not Answered
Click on the extracellular fluid. You know that this process is _____ because _____. (Activity: Exocytosis and Endocytosis)
The Correct Answer: pinocytosis ... the cell is engulfing extracellular fluid
20. Not Answered
Click on the receptor protein. This is an animation of _____. (Activity: Exocytosis and Endocytosis)
The Correct Answer: receptor-mediated endocytosis
21. Not Answered
A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of _____. (Activity: Exocytosis and Endocytosis)The Correct Answer: phagocytosis
………..
Home > 7: Membrane Structure and Function > Chapter Quiz
Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function
Chapter Quiz
1 . Which of the following statements about the role of phospholipids in forming membranes is correct? (Concept 7.1 ) [Hint]
Phospholipids are completely insoluble in water.
Phospholipids form a single sheet in water.
Phospholipids form a structure in which the hydrophobic portion faces outward.
Phospholipids form a selectively permeable structure.
They are triacylglycerols, which are commonly available in foods.
2 . The plasma membrane is referred to as a "fluid mosaic" structure. Which of the following statements is true? (Concept 7.1 ) [Hint]
The fluid component of the membrane is composed of phospholipids, and the mosaic part is composed of carbohydrates.
The fluid aspect of the membrane describes its structure at normal temperatures, and the mosaic aspect describes the membrane as the temperature is lowered.
The mosaic comprises the carbohydrate chains on the inner surface of the membrane.
The fluid component of the membrane is phospholipid, and the mosaic is protein.
Only phospholipids are capable of moving in the membrane.
3 . Which of the following types of information is (are) most likely to be derived from freeze-fracture of biological samples? (Concept 7.1 ) [Hint]
the coded information in DNA
thin sections (slices) of fixed and embedded cells
proteins imbedded in membrane bilayers
patterns of movement in living cells
all of the above
4 . Consider the currently accepted fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. Where in the plasma membrane would cholesterol most likely be found? (Concept 7.1 ) [Hint]
on the outside (external) surface of the membrane
in the interior of the membrane
on the inside (cytoplasmic) surface
in the interior and on the inside surface, but not on the outside surface
on either surface of the membrane, but not in the interior of the membrane
5 . Which of the following functional processes result(s) from the presence of proteins in or on the plasma membrane? (Concept 7.1 ) [Hint]
enzymatic activity
cell-cell recognition
intercellular joining
cell-cell communication
all of the above
6 . Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins? (Concept 7.1 ) [Hint]
Membrane proteins attach the membrane to the cytoskeleton.
Membrane proteins provide receptors for chemical messengers.
Membrane proteins form channels, which move substances across the membrane.
Membrane proteins with short sugar chains form identification tags that are recognized by other cells.
All of these are functions of membrane proteins.
7 . Select the correct statement concerning carbohydrates associated with the plasma membrane. (Concept 7.1 ) [Hint]
Carbohydrates are only found associated with the membranes of prokaryotic cells.
The carbohydrate composition of most eukaryotic plasma membranes is quite similar.
Carbohydrates on the plasma membrane are typically short chains of 2–5 monosaccharides.
Membrane carbohydrates function primarily in cell-cell recognition.
Carbohydrates associated with the plasma membrane are located on both surfaces of the membrane.
8 . Consider the currently accepted fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. Where in the membrane would oligosaccharides most likely be found? (Concept 7.1 ) [Hint]
on the outside (external) surface of the membrane
in the interior of the membrane
on the inside (cytoplasmic) surface of the membrane
on both hydrophilic surfaces of the membrane but not in the hydrophobic interior
Oligosaccharides are rarely associated with plasma membranes.
9 . Which statement(s) about the sidedness of the plasma membrane is (are) correct? (Concept 7.1 ) [Hint]
Parts of proteins that are exposed on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum are also exposed on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane.
The asymmetrical distribution of membrane proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates across the plasma membrane is determined as the membrane is being constructed.
Every integral membrane protein has specific orientation in the plasma membrane.
The first and second answers are correct.
The first, second, and third answers are all correct.
10 .
Which one of the following molecules is most likely to diffuse freely across the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane without the involvement of a transport protein? (Concept 7.2 ) [Hint]
carbon dioxide
glucose
sodium ion
DNA
hemoglobin
11 .
Which of the following would be least likely to diffuse through a plasma membrane without the help of a transport protein? (Concept 7.2 ) [Hint]
a large polar molecule
a large nonpolar molecule
dissolved gases such as oxygen or carbon dioxide
a small nonpolar molecule
Any of the above would easily diffuse through the membrane.
12 .
Which of the following structures is most consistent with the selective permeability property of biological membranes? (Concept 7.2 ) [Hint]
proteins sandwiched between two layers of phospholipid
proteins embedded in two layers of phospholipid
a layer of protein coating a layer of phospholipid
phospholipids sandwiched between two layers of protein
a phospholipid bilayer with proteins scattered on the surfaces of the membranes
13 .
Which of the following statements is true about passive transport? (Concept 7.3 ) [Hint]
Passive transport operates independently of diffusion.
Passive transport operates independently of the concentrations of the substance being transported.
In passive transport, all movement of the transported molecule stops when its concentration is the same on both sides of the membrane.
Passive transport does not occur in the human body.
Passive transport permits the transported molecule to move in either direction, but the majority of transport occurs down the concentration gradient of the molecule.
14 .
Cells A and B are the same size, shape, and temperature, but cell A is metabolically quiet and cell B is actively consuming oxygen. Oxygen will diffuse more quickly into cell _____ because _____. (Concept 7.3 ) [Hint]
A ... the diffusion gradient there is shallower
A ... its membrane transport proteins will not be saturated
B ... the diffusion gradient in cell B is steeper
B ... the oxygen molecules inside cell B have a higher kinetic energy
B ... the gradient of oxygen is oriented in the opposite direction compared to cell A
15 .
Which one of the following statements is true about diffusion? (Concept 7.3 ) [Hint]
It is very rapid over long distances.
It requires expenditure of energy by the cell.
It is a passive process.
It occurs when molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
It always requires integral proteins of the cell membrane.
16 .
The internal solute concentration of a plant cell is about 0.8 M. To demonstrate plasmolysis, it would be necessary to suspend the cell in what solution? (Concept 7.3 ) [Hint]
distilled water
0.4 M
0.8 M
1.0 M
none of the above
17 .
A single plant cell is placed in an isotonic solution. Salt is then added to the solution. Which of the following would occur as a result of the salt addition? (Concept 7.3 ) [Hint]
The added salt would enter the cell, causing the cell to take up water and swell.
Water would enter the cell by osmosis, and the cell would swell.
Water would leave the cell by osmosis, causing the volume of the cytoplasm to decrease.
There would be no osmotic movement of water in response to the added salt.
The added salt makes the solution hypotonic compared to the cell. Water will enter the cell by osmosis.
18 .
If a red blood cell and a plant cell were placed in seawater, what would happen to the two types of cells? (Concept 7.3
) [Hint]
The red blood cell would burst, and the plant cell would shrink.
Both cells would lose water; the red blood cell would shrivel, and the plant plasma membrane would pull away from the cell wall.
Seawater is isotonic to both cells. There will be no change in water content of the cells.
Both cells would gain water by osmosis; the red blood cell would burst, and the plant cell would increase in turgor pressure.
The red blood cell would shrink, and the plant cell would gain water.
19 .
Which of these statements describes some aspect of facilitated diffusion? (Concept 7.3 ) [Hint]
Facilitated diffusion is another name for osmosis.
Facilitated diffusion of solutes occurs through phospholipid pores in the membrane.
Facilitated diffusion requires energy to drive a concentration gradient.
Facilitated diffusion of solutes may occur through protein pores in the membrane.
There is only one kind of protein pore for facilitated diffusion.
20 .
Which one of the following is not in some way involved in facilitated diffusion? (Concept 7.3 ) [Hint]
a concentration gradient
a membrane
a protein
an outside energy source
All of the above are components of facilitated diffusion.
21 .
Movement of phospholipids from one side of a membrane to the other does occur under appropriate circumstances. Based on your understanding of membrane structure and
transport, which of the following is likely to describe this movement of phospholipids between the two sides of a membrane? (Concept 7.3 ) [Hint]
free movement of phospholipids between the two sides of the membrane
making the phospholipids more unsaturated
making the phospholipids more saturated
providing a protein channel for the phospholipid
None of the above could facilitate movement of phospholipids from one side of the membrane to the other.
22 .
Imagine two solutions separated by a selectively permeable membrane that allows water to pass, but not sucrose or glucose. The membrane separates a 0.2-molar sucrose solution from a 0.2-molar glucose solution. With time, how will the solutions change? (Concept 7.3 ) [Hint]
Nothing happens because the two solutions are isotonic to one another.
Water enters the sucrose solution because the sucrose molecule is a disaccharide and thus larger than the monosaccharide glucose.
Water leaves the sucrose solution because the sucrose molecule is a disaccharide and thus larger than the monosaccharide glucose.
The sucrose solution is hypertonic and will gain water because the total mass of sucrose is greater than that of glucose.
After the sucrose dissociates to two monosaccharides, water will be osmotically drawn to that side of the membrane.
23 .
The concentration of solutes in a red blood cell is about 2%, but red blood cells contain almost no sucrose or urea. Sucrose cannot pass through the membrane, but water and urea can. Osmosis would cause red blood cells to shrink the most when immersed in which of the following solutions? (Concept 7.3 ) [Hint]
a hypertonic sucrose solution
a hypotonic sucrose solution
a hypertonic urea solution
a hypotonic urea solution
pure water
24 .
Green olives may be preserved in brine, which is a 30% salt solution. How does this method of preservation prevent contamination by microorganisms? (Concept 7.3 ) [Hint]
Bacterial cells shrivel up in high salt solutions, causing the cell to burst.
High salt concentration lowers the pH, thus inhibiting bacterial metabolism.
High salt concentration raises the pH, thus inhibiting bacterial metabolism.
A 30% salt solution is hypotonic to the bacteria, so they gain too much water and burst.
A 30% salt solution is hypertonic to the bacteria, so they lose too much water and cannot survive.
25 .
Active transport requires a cell to expend energy. Which of the following statements is not true? (Concept 7.4 ) [Hint]
For most solutes, active transport most often involves an ATP-powered ion pump and a cotransport protein.
Active transport uses ATP as its energy source.
Active transport usually moves solutes down the concentration gradient.
Active transport requires a protein carrier.
Proteins involved in active transport are integral membrane proteins.
26 .
Glucose is a six-carbon sugar that diffuses slowly through artificial membranes. The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move glucose from the gut into their cytoplasm. This occurs whether the gut concentrations of glucose are higher or lower than the glucose concentrations in intestinal cell cytoplasm. Using this information, which transport mechanism is most likely responsible for the glucose transport in intestinal cells? (Concepts 7.3 and 7.4 ) [Hint]
simple diffusion
phagocytosis
active transport
exocytosis
facilitated diffusion
27 .
Which of the following is a difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion? (Concepts 7.3 and 7.4
) [Hint]
Active transport involves transport proteins, and facilitated diffusion does not.
Facilitated diffusion can move solutes against a concentration gradient, and active transport cannot.
Active transport can move solutes in either direction across a membrane, but facilitated diffusion can only move in one direction.
Facilitated diffusion involves transport proteins, and active transport does not.
Active transport requires energy from ATP, and facilitated diffusion does not.
28 .
Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is incorrect? (Concept 7.4 ) [Hint]
The sodium-potassium pump transports Na+ and K+
ions across the plasma membrane in opposite directions at the expense of ATP hydrolysis.
The sodium-potassium pump creates an electrochemical gradient.
The sodium-potassium pump is electrogenic.
The sodium-potassium pump causes a pH gradient across the plasma membrane.
The sodium-potassium pump creates concentration gradients of both Na+ and K+ across the plasma membrane.
29 .
A cell has a membrane potential of -100 mV (more negative inside than outside) and has 1,000 times more calcium ions outside the cell than inside. Which of the following best describes a mechanism by which Ca2+ enters the cell? (Concept 7.4 ) [Hint]
movement of Ca2+ into the cell through an ion channel down its concentration gradient
passive diffusion of Ca2+ into the cell down its electrochemical gradient
cotransport of Ca2+ into the cell with Cl- ions
movement of Ca2+ into the cell through a carrier protein down its electrical gradient
facilitated diffusion of Ca2+ into the cell down its electrochemical gradient
30 .
Which of the following correctly describes a general property of all electrogenic pumps? (Concept 7.4 ) [Hint]
pumps sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell
creates a voltage difference across the membrane
can pump a large variety of solutes across a membrane against their concentration gradient
a cell with an interior that is positively charged relative to the outside of the cell
a cell with a high internal concentration of protons
31 .
Which of the following statements about cotransport of solutes across a membrane is correct? (Concept 7.4 ) [Hint]
Cotransport involves the hydrolysis of ATP by the transporting protein.
A cotransport protein is most commonly an ion channel.
Cotransport proteins allow a single ATP-powered pump to drive the active transport of many different solutes.
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of a cotransport protein.
In cotransport, both solutes that are being transported are moving down their chemical gradients.
32 .
Consider the transport of protons and sucrose into a plant cell by the sucrose-proton cotransport protein. Plant cells
continuously produce a proton gradient by using the energy of ATP hydrolysis to pump protons out of the cell. Why, in the absence of sucrose, don't protons move back into the cell through the sucrose-proton cotransport protein? (Concept 7.4 ) [Hint]
Protons cannot move through membrane transport proteins.
Protons are freely permeable through the phospholipid bilayer, so no transport protein is needed for protons.
The movement of protons through the cotransport protein cannot occur unless sucrose also moves at the same time.
In the absence of sucrose, the ATP-powered proton pump does not function, so there is no proton gradient.
Protons, unlike other substances, do not diffuse down their concentration gradient.
33 .
Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific kind of molecule? (Concepts 7.3 and 7.4 ) [Hint]
passive transport
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis
channel proteins
34 .
Which of the following processes, normally associated with membrane transport, must occur in order to account for the increase in the surface area of a cell? (Concept 7.5 ) [Hint]
endocytosis
active transport
receptor-mediated endocytosis
exocytosis
flip-flop of phospholipids from one side of the plasma membrane to the other
35 .
A nursing infant is able to obtain disease-fighting antibodies, which are large protein molecules, from its mother's milk. These molecules probably enter the cells lining the baby's digestive tract via which process? (Concept 7.5 ) [Hint]
osmosis
passive transport
exocytosis
active transport
endocytosis
36 .
The transmission of nerve impulses between adjacent nerve cells requires the release of a neurotransmitter (a molecule or small peptide) by exocytosis. Which of the following processes would most likely follow the release of neurotransmitter to bring the cell back to its original state? (Concept 7.5 ) [Hint]
endocytosis
pinocytosis
active transport of the neurotransmitter back into the cell
passive transport (by facilitated diffusion) of the neurotransmitter back into the cell
receptor-mediated endocytosis
37 .
Which one of the following pairs matches the name of a membrane transport process with the primary function of that process? (Concept 7.5 ) [Hint]
phagocytosis—secretion of large particles from the cell by fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane
exocytosis—the movement of water and solutes out of the cell by vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane
pinocytosis—the uptake of water and small solutes into the cell by formation of vesicles at the plasma membrane.
osmosis—passive diffusion of water and small solutes across a membrane
None of the above are correct matches.
Answers::
1. Not Answered
Which of the following statements about the role of phospholipids in forming membranes is correct? (Concept 7.1 )The Correct Answer: Phospholipids form a selectively permeable structure.
2. Not Answered
The plasma membrane is referred to as a "fluid mosaic" structure. Which of the following statements is true? (Concept 7.1 )The Correct Answer: The fluid component of the membrane is phospholipid, and the mosaic is protein.
3. Not Answered
Which of the following types of information is (are) most likely to be derived from freeze-fracture of biological samples? (Concept 7.1
)The Correct Answer: proteins imbedded in membrane bilayers
4. Not Answered
Consider the currently accepted fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. Where in the plasma membrane would cholesterol most likely be found? (Concept 7.1 )The Correct Answer: in the interior of the membrane
5. Not Answered
Which of the following functional processes result(s) from the presence of proteins in or on the plasma membrane? (Concept 7.1 )The Correct Answer: all of the above
6. Not Answered
Which of the following is not a function of membrane proteins? (Concept 7.1 )The Correct Answer: All of these are functions of membrane proteins.
7. Not Answered
Select the correct statement concerning carbohydrates associated with the plasma membrane. (Concept 7.1 )The Correct Answer: Membrane carbohydrates function primarily in cell-cell recognition.
8. Not Answered
Consider the currently accepted fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane. Where in the membrane would oligosaccharides most likely be found? (Concept 7.1 )The Correct Answer: on the outside (external) surface of the membrane
9. Not Answered
Which statement(s) about the sidedness of the plasma membrane is (are) correct? (Concept 7.1 )The Correct Answer: The first, second, and third answers are all correct.
10. Not Answered
Which one of the following molecules is most likely to diffuse freely across the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane without the involvement of a transport protein? (Concept 7.2 )The Correct Answer: carbon dioxide
11. Not Answered
Which of the following would be least likely to diffuse through a plasma membrane without the help of a transport protein? (Concept 7.2
)The Correct Answer: a large polar molecule
12. Not Answered
Which of the following structures is most consistent with the selective permeability property of biological membranes? (Concept
7.2 )The Correct Answer: proteins embedded in two layers of phospholipid
13. Not Answered
Which of the following statements is true about passive transport? (Concept 7.3 )The Correct Answer: Passive transport permits the transported molecule to move in either direction, but the majority of transport occurs down the concentration gradient of the molecule.
14. Not Answered
Cells A and B are the same size, shape, and temperature, but cell A is metabolically quiet and cell B is actively consuming oxygen. Oxygen will diffuse more quickly into cell _____ because _____. (Concept 7.3 )The Correct Answer: B ... the diffusion gradient in cell B is steeper
15. Not Answered
Which one of the following statements is true about diffusion? (Concept 7.3 )The Correct Answer: It is a passive process.
16. Not Answered
The internal solute concentration of a plant cell is about 0.8 M. To demonstrate plasmolysis, it would be necessary to suspend the cell in what solution? (Concept 7.3 )The Correct Answer: 1.0 M
17. Not Answered
A single plant cell is placed in an isotonic solution. Salt is then added to the solution. Which of the following would occur as a result of the salt addition? (Concept 7.3 )The Correct Answer: Water would leave the cell by osmosis, causing the volume of the cytoplasm to decrease.
18. Not Answered
If a red blood cell and a plant cell were placed in seawater, what would happen to the two types of cells? (Concept 7.3 )The Correct Answer: Both cells would lose water; the red blood cell would shrivel, and the plant plasma membrane would pull away from the cell wall.
19. Not Answered
Which of these statements describes some aspect of facilitated diffusion? (Concept 7.3)The Correct Answer: Facilitated diffusion of solutes may occur through protein pores in the membrane.
20. Not Answered
Which one of the following is not in some way involved in facilitated diffusion? (Concept 7.3
)The Correct Answer: an outside energy source
21. Not Answered
Movement of phospholipids from one side of a membrane to the other does occur under appropriate circumstances. Based on your understanding of membrane structure and transport, which of the following is likely to describe this movement of phospholipids between the two sides of a membrane? (Concept 7.3 )The Correct Answer: None of the above could facilitate movement of phospholipids from one side of the membrane to the other.
22. Not Answered
Imagine two solutions separated by a selectively permeable membrane that allows water to pass, but not sucrose or glucose. The membrane separates a 0.2-molar sucrose solution from a 0.2-molar glucose solution. With time, how will the solutions change? (Concept 7.3 )The Correct Answer: Nothing happens because the two solutions are isotonic to one another.
23. Not Answered
The concentration of solutes in a red blood cell is about 2%, but red blood cells contain almost no sucrose or urea. Sucrose cannot pass through the membrane, but water and urea can. Osmosis would cause red blood cells to shrink the most when immersed in which of the following solutions? (Concept 7.3
)The Correct Answer: a hypertonic sucrose solution
24. Not Answered
Green olives may be preserved in brine, which is a 30% salt solution. How does this method of preservation prevent contamination by microorganisms? (Concept 7.3 )The Correct Answer: A 30% salt solution is hypertonic to the bacteria, so they lose too much water and cannot survive.
25. Not Answered
Active transport requires a cell to expend energy. Which of the following statements is not true? (Concept 7.4 )The Correct Answer: Active transport usually moves solutes down the concentration gradient.
26. Not Answered
Glucose is a six-carbon sugar that diffuses slowly through artificial membranes. The cells lining the small intestine, however, rapidly move glucose from the gut into their cytoplasm. This occurs whether the gut concentrations of glucose are higher or lower than the glucose concentrations in intestinal cell cytoplasm. Using this information, which
transport mechanism is most likely responsible for the glucose transport in intestinal cells? (Concepts 7.3 and 7.4 )The Correct Answer: active transport
27. Not Answered
Which of the following is a difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion? (Concepts 7.3 and 7.4 )The Correct Answer: Active transport requires energy from ATP, and facilitated diffusion does not.
28. Not Answered
Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is incorrect? (Concept 7.4 )The Correct Answer: The sodium-potassium pump causes a pH gradient across the plasma membrane.
29. Not Answered
A cell has a membrane potential of -100 mV (more negative inside than outside) and has 1,000 times more calcium ions outside the cell than inside. Which of the following best describes a mechanism by which Ca2+ enters the cell? (Concept 7.4 )The Correct Answer: facilitated diffusion of Ca2+ into the cell down its electrochemical gradient
30. Not Answered
Which of the following correctly describes a general property of all electrogenic pumps? (Concept 7.4 )The Correct Answer: creates a voltage difference across the membrane
31. Not Answered
Which of the following statements about cotransport of solutes across a membrane is correct? (Concept 7.4 )The Correct Answer: Cotransport proteins allow a single ATP-powered pump to drive the active transport of many different solutes.
32. Not Answered
Consider the transport of protons and sucrose into a plant cell by the sucrose-proton cotransport protein. Plant cells continuously produce a proton gradient by using the energy of ATP hydrolysis to pump protons out of the cell. Why, in the absence of sucrose, don't protons move back into the cell through the sucrose-proton cotransport protein? (Concept 7.4 )The Correct Answer: The movement of protons through the cotransport protein cannot occur unless sucrose also moves at the same time.
33. Not Answered
Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific kind of
molecule? (Concepts 7.3 and 7.4 )The Correct Answer: receptor-mediated endocytosis
34. Not Answered
Which of the following processes, normally associated with membrane transport, must occur in order to account for the increase in the surface area of a cell? (Concept 7.5 )The Correct Answer: exocytosis
35. Not Answered
A nursing infant is able to obtain disease-fighting antibodies, which are large protein molecules, from its mother's milk. These molecules probably enter the cells lining the baby's digestive tract via which process? (Concept 7.5 )The Correct Answer: endocytosis
36. Not Answered
The transmission of nerve impulses between adjacent nerve cells requires the release of a neurotransmitter (a molecule or small peptide) by exocytosis. Which of the following processes would most likely follow the release of neurotransmitter to bring the cell back to its original state? (Concept 7.5 )The Correct Answer: receptor-mediated endocytosis
37. Not Answered
Which one of the following pairs matches the name of a membrane transport process with the primary function of that process? (Concept 7.5 )The Correct Answer: pinocytosis—the uptake of water and small solutes into the cell by formation of vesicles at the plasma membrane.