© 2009 emc corporation. all rights reserved. emc proven professional the #1 certification program...
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© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
EMC Proven Professional
The #1 Certification Program in the information storage and management industry
Storage Area NetworkStorage Area Network
Chapter 6
Section 2 : Storage Networking Technologies and Virtualization
© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
Chapter Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:
o Describe SAN and its benefits
o Discuss components of SAN
o Describe connectivity options of SAN
o Describe FC protocol stack and FC addressing
o List common FC topologies
© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
Lesson - Fibre Channel SAN
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
o Define Storage Area Network and its benefits
o Define Fibre Channel
o List the component of SAN
o Describe three FC interconnectivity options
o List different FC port types
© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
Business Needs and Technology Challenges
o Just-in-time information to business users
o Integration of information infrastructure with business processes
o Flexible and resilient storage architecture
o DAS is inefficient to meet these challengeso Storage Networking emerged as a solution
o FC SANo NASo IP SAN
© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
What is a SAN ?
o Dedicated high speed network of servers and shared storage devices
o Provide block level data access
o Resource Consolidation o Centralized storage and management
o Scalabilityo Theoretical limit: Appx. 15 million devices
o Secure Access
Storage ArrayStorage Array
Servers
FC SAN
Additional Task
Research on Bladed Switch
Technology
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Understanding Fibre Channel
o Fibre Channel is a high-speed network technology uses:o Optical fiber cables (for front end connectivity)o Serial copper cables (for back end connectivity)
o Latest FC implementations support 8Gb/s
Users andApplication
Clients
Storage andApplication
Data
Servers and Applications
FC SANIPnetwork
o Servers are attached to 2 distinct networkso Back-end o Front-end
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FC SAN Evolution
SAN Islands FC Arbitrated Loop
Storage Array
Interconnected SANsFC Switched Fabric
Enterprise SANsFC Switched Fabric
Fibre Channel SAN Evolution
Server
FC SwitchFC Switch
FC Switch FC Switch
FC Switch
Servers
Storage Arrays
FC Switch
FC Switch
FC Hub
FC Hub
Servers
Storage Arrays
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Components of SAN: Node portso Examples of nodes
o Hosts, storage and tape library
o Ports are available on:o HBA in hosto Front-end adapters in storageo Each port has transmit (Tx) link and
receive (Rx) link
o HBAs perform low-level interface functions automatically to minimize impact on host performance
Link
Port 0 RxTx
Node
Port 0
Port 1
Port n
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Components of SAN: Cablingo SAN implementation uses:
o Copper cables for short distanceo Optical fiber cables for long distance
o Two types of optical cableso Single-mode
o Can carry single beams of lighto Distance up to 10 KM
o Multi-modeo Can carry multiple beams of light
simultaneouslyo Distance up to 500 meters
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Components of SAN: Cabling (Connectors)
Node Connectors:
o SC Duplex Connectors
o LC Duplex Connectors
Patch panel Connectors
o ST Simplex Connectors
ST Connector
LC Connector
SC Connector
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Components of SAN: Interconnecting deviceso Basis for SAN communication
o Hubso Switches ando Directors
FC HUB FC Switch
Director
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Components of SAN: Storage arrayo Provides storage consolidation and
centralization
o Features of an arrayo High Availability/Redundancyo Performanceo Business Continuityo Multiple host connect
Servers
Arrays
FC SANHBA
HBA
HBA
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Components of SAN: SAN management softwareo A suite of tools used in a SAN to
manage the interface between host and storage arrays
o Provides integrated management of SAN environment
o Web based GUI or CLI
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SAN Interconnectivity Options: Point to Point
Point to point (Pt-to-Pt)o Direct connection between deviceso Limited connectivity
Servers
Storage Array
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SAN Interconnectivity Options: FC-AL
o Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL)o Devices must arbitrate to gain controlo Devices are connected via hubso Supports up to 127 devices
Servers
Storage ArrayFC Hub
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FC-AL Transmission
Transmit
Transmit
Receive
Receive
Receive
Transmit
Receive
Transmit
Byp
Byp
Byp
Byp
Hub_Pt Hub_Pt
Hub_Pt Hub_Pt
Node A
Node B Node C
Node D
Byp
Byp
NL_Port #4
HBA
NL_Port #4
Array Port
NL_Port #1
HBA
NL_Port #1
HBA
NL_Port #3
FA
NL_Port #3
HBA
NL_Port #2
HBA
NL_Port #2
HBA
Byp
Byp
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SAN Interconnectivity Options: FC-SW
o Fabric connect (FC-SW)o Dedicated bandwidth between deviceso Support up to 15 million deviceso Higher availability than hubs
Servers
Storage Array
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Port
FC-SW Transmission
Transmit
Transmit
Receive
Receive
Receive
Transmit
Receive
Transmit
NL_Port #1
HBA
NL_Port #4
HBA
NL_Port #2
HBA
N_Port #1
HBA
Port
N_Port #4
HBA
N_Port #2
Storage Port
Port
Port
Node A
Node B Node C
Node D
N_Port #3
Storage Port
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Port Types
Host
N-Port
FC Switch
F-Port
Tape Library
Host
HostFC Hub
FL-Port
NL-Port
NL-Port
NL-Port
FC Switch
Storage Array
N-Port
F-PortE-Port E-Port
Storage Array
N-Port
F-Port
?? ?
?
? ?
?
?
? ?
??
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Inter Switch Links (ISL)
o ISL connects two or more FC switches to each other using E-Ports
o ISLs are used to transfer host-to-storage data as well as the fabric management traffic from one switch to another
o ISL is also one of the scaling mechanisms in SAN connectivity
Multimode Fiber
1Gb=500m 2Gb=300m
Single-mode Fiber
up to10 km
FC Switch
FC SwitchFC Switch
FC Switch
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Login Types in a Switched Network
Extended Link Services that are defined in the standards:
o FLOGI - Fabric logino Between N_Port to F_Port
o PLOGI - Port logino Between N_Port to N_Porto N_Port establishes a session with another N_Port
o PRLI - Process logino Between N_Port to N_Porto To share information about the upper layer protocol type in useo And recognizing device as the SCSI initiator, or target
© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
Lesson Summary
Key topics covered in this lesson:
o FC SAN and its components
o SAN Interconnectivity Options
o Port types and inter switch links
Additional Task
Research on working of
FC Hub & Switch
Additional Task
Research on concept of channel &
network Technology
© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
Lesson: Fibre Channel Architecture
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
o Describe layers of FC
o Describe FC protocol stack
o Discuss FC addressing
o Define WWN addressing
o Discuss structure and organization of FC Data
Additional Task
Research on Flow Control & Class
of FC Services
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FC Architecture Overview
o FC uses channel technology
o Provide high performance with low protocol overheads
o FCP is SCSI-3 over FC networko Sustained transmission bandwidth over long distanceso Provides speeds up to 8 Gb/s (8 GFC)
o FCP has five layers:o FC-4 o FC-2 o FC-1 o FC-0 *FC-3 is not yet implemented 1 Gb/s 2 Gb/s 4 Gb/s 8 Gb/s
FC-4
FC-2
FC-1
FC-0
Application
SCSI HIPPI ESCON ATM IP
Framing/Flow Control
Encode/Decode
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Fibre Channel Protocol StackFC layer Function SAN relevant features specified by FC layer
FC-4 Mapping interface
Mapping upper layer protocol (e.g. SCSI-3 to FC transport
FC-3 Common services Not implemented
FC-2 Routing, flow control
Frame structure, ports, FC addressing, buffer credits
FC-1 Encode/decode 8b/10b encoding, bit and frame synchronization
FC-0 Physical layer Media, cables, connector
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Fibre Channel Addressing
o FC Address is assigned during Fabric Logino Used to communicate between nodes within SANo Similar in functionality to an IP address on NICs
o Address Format:o 24 bit address, dynamically assignedo Contents of the three bytes depend on the type of N-Porto For an N_Port or a public NL_Port:
o switch maintains mapping of WWN to FC-Address via the Name Server
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World Wide Names
o Unique 64 bit identifier
o Static to the porto Used to physically identify ports or nodes within SANo Similar to NIC’s MAC address
World Wide Name - Array
50101
00000
00000
60110
00000
10001
60110
00000
00000
00000
60110
00000
00000
10001
B1011
20010
Company ID24 bits
Port Model Seed32 bits
World Wide Name - HBA
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 c 9 2 0 d c 4 0
Reserved12 bits
Company ID24 bits
Company Specific24 bits
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Structure and Organization of FC Datao FC data is organized as:
o Exchange operationso Enables two N_ports to identify and
manage a set of information unitso Maps to sequence
o Sequenceo Contiguous set of frames sent from one
port to another
o Frameso Fundamental unit of data transfero Each frame can contain up to 2112 bytes
of payload
SOF4 Bytes
Data Field0 - 2112 Bytes
CRC4 Bytes
EOF4 Bytes
Frame Header24 Bytes
© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
Lesson Summary
Key topics covered in this lesson:
o Fibre Channel Protocol Stack
o Fibre Channel Addressing
o Data Organization: Frame, Sequence and Exchange
© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
Lesson: FC Topologies and Management
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
o Define FC fabric topologies
o Describe different types of zoning
© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
Fabric Topology: Core-Edge Fabrico Can be two or three tiers
o Single Core Tiero One or two Edge Tiers
o In a two tier topology, storage is usually connected to the Core
o Benefitso High Availabilityo Medium Scalabilityo Medium to maximum Connectivity
Single-core topology
Dual-core topology
FC Switch FC Switch FC Switch
Storage Array
DirectorCore Tier
Edge Tier
FC Switch FC Switch FC Switch
Storage Array
DirectorCore Tier
Edge Tier
DirectorServer
Server
© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
Fabric Topology: Mesh
o Can be either partial or full mesh
o All switches are connected to each other
o Host and Storage can be located anywhere in the fabric
o Host and Storage can be localized to a single switch
Server
FC Switches
Partial Mesh
Storage Array
Server
FC Switches
Full Mesh
Storage Array
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Fabric Management: Zoning
Storage Array
FC SAN
Servers
Array port
HBA
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Zoning Components
Zone set
Zone Zone Zone
Member Member Member Member Member Member
Zone sets
(Library)
Zone
(Library)
Member
WWN's
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Types of Zoning
Zone 2
Zone 1
Zone 3
Port 7
Port 9
Port 1
Port 5
WWN 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DC:40
WWN 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DC:56
WWN 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DC:82
WWN 50:06:04:82:E8:91:2B:9E
Zone 1 (WWN Zone) = 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DC:82 ; 50:06:04:82:E8:91:2B:9EZone 2 (Port Zone) = 15,5 ; 15,7Zone 3 (Mixed Zone) = 10:00:00:00:C9:20:DC:56 ; 15,12
Servers
Storage Array
FC Switch
Switch Domain ID = 15
Port 12
© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
Lesson Summary
Key topics covered in this lesson:
o FC SAN Topologieso Core-Edgeo Mesh
o Fabric management by zoning
Additional Task
Research on Fan-in & Fan-out
concepts
© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
Chapter Summary
Key topics covered in this chapter:
o SAN features and benefits
o SAN connectivity options
o Port types and inter switch links
o FC protocol stack and addressing
o FC fabric topologies
o Fabric management by zoning
© 2009 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved.
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