© 2006 population reference bureau female genital cutting, by age prevalence among younger and...

© 2006 Population Reference Bureau

Female Genital Cutting, by Age

Prevalence Among Younger and Older WomenPercent

13

76

46

9791

71

1724

83

46

9891

69

28

Benin 2001

BurkinaFaso 2003

Chad 2004

Egypt 2000

Mali 2001

Mauritania2000/2001

Nigeria2003

Ages 20-24 Ages 45-49

Source: ORC Macro, Demographic and Health Surveys.


Female Genital Cutting, by Level of Education

Prevalence Among Women 15 to 49 Percent

99

22

92

72

50

78

9890

69

31

9

77

94

64

87

31

5

58

Benin 2001

BurkinaFaso 2003

Chad 2004

Egypt 2000

Mali 2001

Mauritania2000/2001

No Education Primary Secondary or Higher



Female Genital Cutting, by Residence

Prevalence Among Women 15 to 49 Living in Urban, Rural AreasPercent

13

75

47

9590

65

2820

77

44

9993

77

14

Benin 2001

BurkinaFaso 2003

Chad 2004

Egypt 2000

Mali 2001

Mauritania2000/2001

Nigeria2003

Urban Rural



Age at Marriage

Median Age at First Marriage, Women 20 to 24 at Time of SurveyYears

16

18

16

18 18

19 19

Bangladesh2004

Cameroon2004

Chad 2004

Eritrea 2002

Mozambique2003

Nicaragua2001

Nigeria 2003

Source: Measure DHS STATcompiler: accessed online at www.statcompiler.com on June 2, 2006.


332428

2014

23

17

2737

3122

3434

23

Bolivia 2003

Columbia2005

Ghana 2003

Kenya 2003

Madagascar2003/2004

Morocco2003/2004

Philippines2003

<24 months 24-35 months

62

4542

60 58

40

60

Birth Spacing, Less Developed Countries

Births, by IntervalPercent of all births

Source: Measure DHS STATcompiler: accessed online at www.statcompiler.com on June 2, 2006.


2000Maternal deaths per 100,000 Live Births

Map of Maternal Mortality, Worldwide

Source: WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, 2004.


2000 EstimatesPregnancy and childbirth-related deaths per 100,000 live births

Maternal Mortality, by Region

13

110

190 220

560

940

MoreDevelopedCountries

East Asiaand thePacific

LatinAmerica

and theCaribbean

Middle Eastand North

Africa

South Asia Sub-Saharan

Africa

Source: WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, Maternal Mortality in 2000: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, and UNFPA, 2004.


Notes on Maternal Mortality, by Region

•Over 99 percent of maternal deaths occur in less developed countries, particularly in Asia and Africa.•While high-quality, accessible health care has made maternal death a rare event in more developed countries, the lack of such health care has fatal consequences for pregnant women in less developed countries.


Infections15%

Unsafe Abortion13%

Eclampsia12%

Obstructed Labor8%

Other Direct Causes

8%

Severe Bleeding25%

Indirect Causes20%

Pregnancy and Childbirth-Related Deaths to Women, by Cause

Causes of Maternal Mortality

Note: Total exceeds 100 percent due to rounding.Source: World Health Organization, The World Health Report 2005: Making Every Mother and Child Count, Geneva, 2005.


• Over three-quarters of maternal deaths are due to direct complications of pregnancy and childbirth, such as severe bleeding, infection, unsafe abortion, hypertensive disorders (eclampsia), and obstructed labor.• Women also die of indirect causes aggravated by pregnancy, such as malaria, diabetes, hepatitis, and anemia.

Notes on Causes of Maternal Mortality


Births in 2004, and Births Attended by Skilled Personnel 1996-2004

10 12

28 3037

76

87

42

86

36

Middle East andNorth Africa

Latin Americaand the

Caribbean

Sub-SaharanAfrica

East Asia andthe Pacific

South Asia

Births in millions, 2004 Percent of births attended by skilled personnel, 1996-2004

Births and Assisted Deliveries Worldwide

Source: UNICEF End of Decade Databases—Delivery Care (http://childinfo.org/areas/deliverycare).


• The areas of the world in which deliveries are least likely to be attended by skilled personnel, South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, account for nearly half of all births worldwide (37 million and 28 million, respectively, out of a total of 133 million in 2004).

Notes on Births and Assisted Deliveries Worldwide


86

42

36

76

87

93

190

220

560

940

110

64Percent of births assisted by skilled attendants, 1996-2004

Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, 2000

Skilled Care at Delivery and Maternal Deaths

Regional Comparisons, 1996-2004

Sub-Saharan Africa

South Asia

East Asiaand the Pacific

Middle East and North Africa

Latin America and the Caribbean

Central, EasternEurope/ Baltics/ CIS*

* Commonwealth of Independent States (former Soviet Union). Source: UNICEF End of Decade Databases—Maternal Health (http://childinfo.org/eddb/maternal.htm).


59

37

646060

40

51

35

69

56

29

71

30

51

BurkinaFaso 2003

Cameroon2004

Ghana 2003

Kenya 2003

Mozambique2003

Nigeria 2003

Zambia2001/2002

Female Male

Respondents With Symptoms Who Sought Treatment, by SexPercent

Awareness of Sexually Transmitted Infections

Note: The figure presents the percentage of respondents reporting symptoms suggestive of STIs in the last 12 months who sought care from a clinic, hospital, or private doctor.Source: DHS HIV/AIDS Survey Indicators Database: accessed online at www.statcompiler.com on June 2, 2006.


•Treatment-seeking for a sexually transmitted infection is a measure of knowledge of infections such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia—knowledge of the symptoms and knowledge that they require prompt medical treatment. Symptoms typically appear early in males, whereas STIs are less likely to produce symptoms in women and are therefore more difficult to diagnose until serious problems develop. •STIs cause long-term health complications. For example, the association between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer is well established. STIs are one of the most important preventable causes of low birth weight/prematurity, congenital infection, stillbirth, and postpartum infection.

Notes on Awareness of Sexually Transmitted Infections


2002New cases per 100,000 women

Map of Cervical Cancer Incidence, by Country

Source: J. Ferlay et al., International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, GLOBOCAN 2002 Database, 2004.Note: Rates are age-standardized, meaning they permit international comparison in spite of varying age structures.


Less Developed Countries 409,400

More Developed Countries

83,400

New Cervical Cancer Cases, Annually

Cervical Cancer Cases Worldwide

Source: J. Ferlay et al., International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, GLOBOCAN 2002 Database, 2004.


16

10

19

4

11

9

World More Developed Countries Less Developed Countries

Incidence Deaths

Rates per 100,000 women

Cervical Cancer, by World Region

Note: Rates are age-standardized, meaning they permit international comparison in spite of varying age structures.Source: J. Ferlay et al., International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, GLOBOCAN 2002 Database, 2004.


8

3331

29

8

3

16 1513

2

Canada Caribbean Central America South America United States

Incidence Deaths


Cervical Cancer in the Americas



47

31

31

87

31

46

31

22

55

22

12

17

48

24

17

17

12

30

Nicaragua

Jamaica

Honduras

Haiti

Guatemala

El Salvador

Dominican Republic

Costa Rica

Bolivia

Incidence Deaths


Cervical Cancer, Latin America/Caribbean


© 2006 population reference bureau female genital cutting, by age prevalence among younger and...

Documents

births source

percent of maternal

live births maternal

developed countries

older women percent

quarters of maternal

region source

health surveys