© 2003, open systems management ltd (osm) cosuser version 3.1 - last updated 5th may 2004 cosuser...

© 2003, Open Systems Management Ltd (OSM)

www.cosuser.com

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Version 3.1 - last updated 5th May 2004

COSCOSuseruser Presentation Presentation

COSCOSuseruser is a centralized user management is a centralized user management and access security application used by and access security application used by enterprises employing a UNIX, Linux or enterprises employing a UNIX, Linux or UNIX/Linux-with-Windows infrastructureUNIX/Linux-with-Windows infrastructure

T h e s y s t e m s m a n a g e m e n t s p e c i a l i s t s

© 2003, Open Systems Management Ltd (OSM) Slide 2

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management software?management software?Why do you need user Why do you need user management software?management software?

Security and audit lapsesSecurity and audit lapses To whom was access granted? To whom was access granted? Who granted access?Who granted access? Has access been revoked?Has access been revoked? Is strong password authentication enforced? Is strong password authentication enforced?

Poor service levelsPoor service levels Users waiting for new accounts or changes to existing accountsUsers waiting for new accounts or changes to existing accounts Administrators having to interrupt other workAdministrators having to interrupt other work

Increasing operations costsIncreasing operations costs Expensive, skilled staff perform user managementExpensive, skilled staff perform user management High cost of trainingHigh cost of training Physical and non-physical asset leakPhysical and non-physical asset leak

IT workforce skills shortages and turnoverIT workforce skills shortages and turnover Skilled staff get bored and move onSkilled staff get bored and move on Knowledge and skills are lostKnowledge and skills are lost

Excessive call loads from users forgetting passwordsExcessive call loads from users forgetting passwords Each application needs a user name and password to access itEach application needs a user name and password to access it



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ser User population is large and User population is large and

dynamicdynamicUser population is large and User population is large and dynamicdynamic

Complications:Complications: New joinersNew joiners LeaversLeavers MoversMovers

Application

Database

OS

Platform

Service Level

Network

Business Process

Middleware

Application

Database

OS

Platform

Service Level

Network

Business Process

Middleware Application

Database

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Service Level

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Business Process

Middleware

Application

Database

OS

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Business Process

Middleware

Application

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Business Process

Middleware

Application

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Middleware

Application

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Middleware



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Middleware

User management: the User management: the reality?reality?User management: the User management: the reality?reality?

Template circulates around Template circulates around all departmentsall departments

ApplicationApplication support

NetworkLAN Support

UNIX Support

OS

Platform

Windows® supportUNIX/Linux support

Databasesupport

Helpdesk



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change processed, but change processed, but User’s account created or User’s account created or change processed, but change processed, but

May have taken considerable timeMay have taken considerable time of skilled and expensive staffof skilled and expensive staff

Mistakes are often madeMistakes are often made

User accounts are often clonedUser accounts are often cloned users end up with access rights they should users end up with access rights they should

not havenot have

User account set-up/modification requires User account set-up/modification requires high security levelshigh security levels

Managers may have completed form with Managers may have completed form with errorserrors

No audit trails are recordedNo audit trails are recorded

Helpdesk

Application support

LAN Support

UNIX/Linux Support

Database support

Windows® Support



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COSCOSuser user ….….

while delivering:while delivering: reduced operations costsreduced operations costs

automation and delegationautomation and delegation

improved service levelsimproved service levels automation, faster processes and fewer mistakesautomation, faster processes and fewer mistakes

enhanced securityenhanced security roles, centralized management, auditing and controlroles, centralized management, auditing and control

. . . makes the addition, deletion and modification . . . makes the addition, deletion and modification of user accounts much easier, more error free and of user accounts much easier, more error free and dramatically less time consumingdramatically less time consuming



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100% organizational fit100% organizational fit100% organizational fit100% organizational fit

COSuser Target Knowledge Bases

(TKBs)

OSM Toolset

COSCOSuseruser adds, deletes and adds, deletes and modifies accounts on: modifies accounts on:

Operating systems (UNIX and Operating systems (UNIX and Windows)Windows)

DatabasesDatabases ApplicationsApplications DirectoriesDirectories

Every system, application or Every system, application or database for which COSdatabase for which COSuseruser provides user management, provides user management, is called a ‘Target’is called a ‘Target’

COSCOSuseruser needs to know how needs to know how user management should be user management should be performed on each targetperformed on each target

TKB Wizard

Achieved with COSAchieved with COSuser user TKBsTKBs

COSCOSuseruser TKB Wizard TKB Wizard facilitates quick delivery of facilitates quick delivery of new TKBsnew TKBs

TKB is abstracted from the TKB is abstracted from the Agent for quicker time to Agent for quicker time to marketmarket



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COSCOSuseruser architecture architectureCOSCOSuseruser architecture architecture

COSuser Enterprise

Windows (PDC or ADS)MS Exchange

COSuser Windows Agent

UNIX or Linux Oracle

COSuser UNIX Agent

COSMOS User Interfacefor Windows

Administrator usingWindows-based PC

Administrator usingX Window device, CLI, CUI

COSuser Master Server

(UNIX only)

Linux or UNIX (Solaris, AIX, HP-UX, Red Hat ES)

UNIX TKBOracle on UNIX TKB

Oracle on UNIX TKB

UNIX TKB

Windows NT TKBMS Exchange TKB

MS Exchange TKB

Windows TKB

User or Manager using Web Browser interface



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Roles and access controlRoles and access controlRoles and access controlRoles and access control

Roles determine who has Roles determine who has access to which targetsaccess to which targets

User can be assigned one or User can be assigned one or more rolesmore roles

Roles provide security, Roles provide security, efficiency and productivityefficiency and productivity

COSCOSuseruser roles are roles are dynamically reconfigurabledynamically reconfigurable

User account on UNIX system

User account on Windows system

User account on Oracle RDBMS

User account on MS Exchange

COSuser Role

Business rolee.g. Sales, Finance,etc. COSuser role

COSuser roleCOSuser role

COSuser roleCOSuser role



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Dynamic rolesDynamic rolesDynamic rolesDynamic roles

COSCOSuseruser roles are dynamically reconfigurable roles are dynamically reconfigurable

COSuser Role

UNIX system

Windows system

Oracle RDBMS

MS Exchange

changes made here

. . . are translated via the role

. . . back to users’ profiles

Rather than being mere pre-set templates for simplifying the addition Rather than being mere pre-set templates for simplifying the addition of new users, COSof new users, COSuseruser roles are dynamically reconfigurable data roles are dynamically reconfigurable data objects. Changes to resources are automatically propagated back to objects. Changes to resources are automatically propagated back to user profiles and other managed objects.user profiles and other managed objects.



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Role-based and policy drivenRole-based and policy drivenRole-based and policy drivenRole-based and policy driven

A role defines specific levels of A role defines specific levels of access rights for each target access rights for each target

A role can consist of any number A role can consist of any number of other rolesof other roles

Roles are typically built into and Roles are typically built into and map onto business rolesmap onto business roles

Roles define the organisation's Roles define the organisation's user provisioning policyuser provisioning policy

Implementation can start at Implementation can start at ‘leaves’ and mature into ‘trees’‘leaves’ and mature into ‘trees’

COSCOSuseruser does not add or delete does not add or delete specific accounts, only users and specific accounts, only users and roles (though role exceptions can roles (though role exceptions can apply)apply)

Accounts are modified only Accounts are modified only through changes in policythrough changes in policy

Role

Role

Role

Role Role

Role

Call centre op.

Business rolee.g. Call center operator

Role



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Roles & Rules Roles & Rules Roles & Rules Roles & Rules

Larger sites can lead to many roles - Larger sites can lead to many roles - sometimes thousands - which can sometimes thousands - which can become unmanageablebecome unmanageable

Many roles will have some common Many roles will have some common feature (such as Sales Role)feature (such as Sales Role)

The only difference may be the The only difference may be the location of the office for examplelocation of the office for example

Combining Roles and Rules, reduces Combining Roles and Rules, reduces the complexity of the environment the complexity of the environment and the number of Rolesand the number of Roles

Rules can be used to change the Rules can be used to change the attributes (for example the home attributes (for example the home directory, email server etc)directory, email server etc)

+ USA Rule

+ UK Rule

+ A/P Rule

Sales Role



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Roles reduce Roles reduce information information required to required to create a usercreate a user

Login name Login name creation policycreation policy Select from a Select from a

number of number of algorithmsalgorithms

Users can be Users can be added from a added from a HR System or HR System or through this through this interfaceinterface

Simplified user additionSimplified user additionSimplified user additionSimplified user addition



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Web based user Web based user account requestsaccount requests

End user requests End user requests resources and resources and provides personal provides personal information then information then selects an approver selects an approver such as a line such as a line manager (can be manager (can be defaulted)defaulted)

Approver receives Approver receives request from end request from end user with ability to user with ability to add information such add information such as role or location or as role or location or correct infocorrect info

Once verified against Once verified against policy, accounts are policy, accounts are automatically automatically created through created through COSCOSuseruser

Delegated user additionDelegated user additionDelegated user additionDelegated user addition



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User population User population is managed from is managed from central pointcentral point

A number of A number of ‘central points’ ‘central points’ can existcan exist

Different views Different views of population, of population, e.g. by login e.g. by login name, name, department, etcdepartment, etc

User account User account administration administration focused at user focused at user level, not level, not account levelaccount level

Centralized and consolidated Centralized and consolidated user managementuser managementCentralized and consolidated Centralized and consolidated user managementuser management



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Users can be:Users can be: AddedAdded AlteredAltered ClonedCloned

User information and role(s) copiedUser information and role(s) copied

DeletedDeleted All user’s accounts are removed permanentlyAll user’s accounts are removed permanently

DisabledDisabled All user’s accounts are disabled until user is All user’s accounts are disabled until user is

ENABLEDENABLED

DisarmedDisarmed All user’s accounts are removed until user is All user’s accounts are removed until user is

RECREATEDRECREATED

Accounts can be:Accounts can be: Enabled or DisabledEnabled or Disabled

Powerful user managementPowerful user managementPowerful user managementPowerful user management



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Benefits?

Transactions are exploded into Transactions are exploded into component tasks for executioncomponent tasks for execution

Scheduling may vary with Scheduling may vary with transaction typetransaction type

Order of scheduled transaction Order of scheduled transaction execution may be prioritizedexecution may be prioritized

Administrators may define Administrators may define new transaction typesnew transaction types

COSCOSbatchbatch job scheduler job scheduler provided for large customersprovided for large customers

Transaction engineTransaction engineTransaction engineTransaction engine

Allows staff to work in prime Allows staff to work in prime timetime

Provides optional deferment Provides optional deferment of work when network is busyof work when network is busy

Uses network at “quiet” timesUses network at “quiet” times Enables scalabilityEnables scalability



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Password synchronizationPassword synchronizationPassword synchronizationPassword synchronization

• Users need only remember one user name and one password

• Passwords can be linked to TKB type e.g. all UNIX only

• Enables organisations to enforce stronger passwords

Application

Database

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Platform

Service Level

Network

Business Process

Middleware

Logon Name: oldfieldcPassword: alub256

Application

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Credential Set 1Rule 1 UID > 7 chars

Credential Set 2Rule 2 UID <= 8 chars

Common Credential RulesCommon Credential RulesCommon Credential RulesCommon Credential Rules

Synchronization can Synchronization can occur across the 3 occur across the 3 sets of credentials sets of credentials as there is a as there is a common set of rules common set of rules between the 3 setsbetween the 3 sets

Credential Set 3Rule 3 UID <= 24 chars

Common UID Rule

UID > 7 chars,UID <= 8 chars,

UID <= 24 chars =

UID = 8 chars



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Password SynchronizationPassword SynchronizationPassword SynchronizationPassword Synchronization

COSuser picks up the new password and checks that it is suitable

User attempts to

login to Windows

Network as normal

Windows Domain ages password and prompts for new password

COSuser synchronizes password with relevant

servers

Unix Server

Unix Server

Oracle Server

Oracle Server

Windows Domain



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Password SynchronizationPassword SynchronizationPassword SynchronizationPassword Synchronization

COSuser picks up new password and checks that it is suitable

User changes

password on Unix system

COSuser synchronizes password with relevant

domains and other servers

Unix Server

Unix Server

Oracle Server

Oracle Server

Windows Domain

Unix Server



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Run reports from 8 audit trailsRun reports from 8 audit trails

Run history reports for Run history reports for specific activities completed specific activities completed in in a period in in a period

Run reports for individual Run reports for individual usersusers

Management reporting and Management reporting and auditingauditingManagement reporting and Management reporting and auditingauditing



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HR ConduitsHR Conduits HR department is HR department is

focal point for focal point for changeschanges

DutiesDuties Grant privileges to Grant privileges to

duties not usersduties not users Users are allowed to Users are allowed to

execute certain execute certain dutiesduties

UNIX-root privilege UNIX-root privilege delegationdelegation

DelegationDelegationDelegationDelegation

Password resetting and revokingPassword resetting and revoking

Duties extend COSDuties extend COSuseruser IT operations workflow featureIT operations workflow feature

A list of scheduled duties includ-A list of scheduled duties includ-ing duties for provisioninging duties for provisioning



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DutiesDutiesGeneric TKB - Interactive Generic TKB - Interactive DutiesDuties

COSuser

Call CenterRole

TKB A

TKB B

TKB C

Gen TKB D

CU Web based Workflow &Authorization

Duty GroupSysadmins D

Transport mechanism

Transport mechanism

Transport mechanism

Benefits:• Quicker deployment (less technology)• Address Audit requirements (who, what,

when)• Opportunity to roll out automation at

manageable pace

• COSuser duty alert emailed to one or more trusted Sys Admins

• COSuser duty viewed via Web browser (secure & authenticated)

• COSuser duty presents user information to Sys Admin• COSuser duty captures confirmation of completion• Confirmation (who, when, what) returned to Audit DB



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Password strengtheningPassword strengthening password historypassword history password constructionpassword construction

Password agingPassword aging force change.force change.

Privileged access managementPrivileged access management secure shell auditingsecure shell auditing restricted usagerestricted usage

Flexible controlsFlexible controls multiple UIDs per usernamemultiple UIDs per username multiple usernames per UIDmultiple usernames per UID multiple roles per objectmultiple roles per object

Unix access controls and Unix access controls and password managementpassword managementUnix access controls and Unix access controls and password managementpassword management



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Automation - Delegation - Automation - Delegation - ControlControl

COSCOSuseruser operating overview operating overview Automation - Delegation - Automation - Delegation - ControlControl

Control

History and audit reporting by user, target, roles and passwords, etc.

Audit Reporting

Auditing

HR Conduits

HR

Other System

Other Business Unit

Automation

Roles, targets, account templates, login name and password policy

User account additions, deletions, changes, disables, enables, password resets

COSuser Agent

TKBsCOSuser

AgentTKBs

COSuser Agent

TKBsCOSuser

AgentTKBs

COSuser Agent

TKBsCOSuser

AgentTKBs

OSM ToolsetTransaction and

Duty EngineDatabase and

Auditing

COSuser kernel

UI

Policy

PolicyManagement

IT User Management

User details and user events

User

http: self service

Delegation



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Web browser based workflowWeb browser based workflowWeb browser based workflowWeb browser based workflow

User initiates a request for a new User initiates a request for a new account or Windows share account or Windows share request is emailed through to request is emailed through to

appropriate manager(s)appropriate manager(s)

Manager(s) can accept, reject or Manager(s) can accept, reject or refer a requestrefer a request

On acceptance, request is passed On acceptance, request is passed through to COSthrough to COSuser user engine for engine for processingprocessing

Users can change password or Users can change password or request help from help-desk if request help from help-desk if original password is forgottenoriginal password is forgotten challenge response mechanismchallenge response mechanism

Managers can lookup user Managers can lookup user accounts for which user has access accounts for which user has access rightsrights

Users can gain access to relevant Users can gain access to relevant COSCOSuseruser documentation documentation



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Web browser self-registrationWeb browser self-registrationWeb browser self-registrationWeb browser self-registration

1 User contacts registration serverUser contacts registration server 2 User enters login name and password User enters login name and password

3 Self-registration form provides the Self-registration form provides the means for the user to register means for the user to register him/herself for the first time, or to him/herself for the first time, or to change registration details change registration details



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A set of software building blocksA set of software building blocks user interfaceuser interface database toolsdatabase tools

Produces significant advantages Produces significant advantages in speed of developmentin speed of development

Allows for rapid prototypingAllows for rapid prototyping

Produces significant advantages Produces significant advantages in maintenance of codein maintenance of code

Produces common “look & feel”Produces common “look & feel”

Provides data sharingProvides data sharing

The OSM ToolsetThe OSM ToolsetThe OSM ToolsetThe OSM Toolset



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• Lack of FocusLack of Focus

• Project SponsorshipProject Sponsorship

• Skill-Set Mismatch Skill-Set Mismatch

• Operational ReadinessOperational Readiness

• Unrealistic ExpectationsUnrealistic Expectations

• Bad Project ManagementBad Project Management

• Lack of Process DefinitionLack of Process Definition

• Lack of Ownership/ControlLack of Ownership/Control

• Scope — Too Much Scope — Too Much Detail/Too Little DetailDetail/Too Little Detail

20

30

50

40

%

Fail Partial Success

Source: Meta Group

Most NSM implementations Most NSM implementations do not achieve their do not achieve their objectivesobjectives

Most NSM implementations Most NSM implementations do not achieve their do not achieve their objectivesobjectives

RUMA Rapid User Management Analysis



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COSCOSuseruser features featuresCOSCOSuseruser features features

FlexibilityFlexibility policy and procedure basedpolicy and procedure based allows for future changeallows for future change technology that’s extensibletechnology that’s extensible

DelegationDelegation empower the usersempower the users remove work from administratorsremove work from administrators

ScalabilityScalability transaction enginetransaction engine proven real-world use.proven real-world use.

Delegate

Automate

Control



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COSCOSuseruser benefits benefitsCOSCOSuseruser benefits benefits

Improved efficiencyImproved efficiency automation - manage volume/reduce costautomation - manage volume/reduce cost delegation - balance the workloaddelegation - balance the workload centralize - one point of controlcentralize - one point of control

Improved service levelsImproved service levels user empowerment - better responseuser empowerment - better response reduction in cycle time - more productivereduction in cycle time - more productive

Increased securityIncreased security password control - no Post-it notespassword control - no Post-it notes restricted access - business rolesrestricted access - business roles

Protection from skills shortageProtection from skills shortage deskilling of processes - policy drivendeskilling of processes - policy driven

Off load the help deskOff load the help desk enfranchise the user communityenfranchise the user community



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Recommended action planRecommended action planRecommended action planRecommended action plan

Commission RUMACommission RUMA define and agree policiesdefine and agree policies define roles, cleaning policies etc.define roles, cleaning policies etc. scope phased implementationscope phased implementation identify quick wins and big areas of hurtidentify quick wins and big areas of hurt

Implement chosen subset of “systems”Implement chosen subset of “systems” keep it simplekeep it simple clean data to level defined by policiesclean data to level defined by policies provide internal “reference” siteprovide internal “reference” site

Review RUMA report and policiesReview RUMA report and policies refine in light of reference siterefine in light of reference site



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Iams (Proctor & Gamble)Iams (Proctor & Gamble)

Iams CompanyIams Company Largest premium pet food manufacturer Largest premium pet food manufacturer

in the USAin the USA Now part of Proctor and GambleNow part of Proctor and Gamble

10 large AIX systems run from NT 10 large AIX systems run from NT workstations using COSMOS PC GUI workstations using COSMOS PC GUI ClientClient

User population close to 1,000 staffUser population close to 1,000 staff

Main driver was password controlMain driver was password control Password synchronisationPassword synchronisation Password strength controlPassword strength control

UNIX account management onlyUNIX account management only

No RUMA, 15 day implementationNo RUMA, 15 day implementation



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Lloyds TSBLloyds TSB

Lloyds TSB BankLloyds TSB Bank One of four major UK clearing banksOne of four major UK clearing banks

Initial implementation on 16 very large Initial implementation on 16 very large Sequent systems Sequent systems

Expansion to 213 AIX and Solaris under wayExpansion to 213 AIX and Solaris under way

Planned expansion up to 500+ serversPlanned expansion up to 500+ servers

Initial user population of 1,000 staff due to Initial user population of 1,000 staff due to growgrow

Interest driven by auditorsInterest driven by auditors Who had access to what?Who had access to what? Why were old accounts still presentWhy were old accounts still present

Stage 1: 10 day RUMA, 35 day Stage 1: 10 day RUMA, 35 day implementationimplementation

Stage 2: 80 day consultancyStage 2: 80 day consultancy

Managed service being providedManaged service being provided



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Northumbrian Water LtdNorthumbrian Water Ltd

Northumbrian WaterNorthumbrian Water Includes Essex & Southern WaterIncludes Essex & Southern Water Look after 4.3 million customers in UKLook after 4.3 million customers in UK

Will manage complete UNIX (IBM AIX) and Will manage complete UNIX (IBM AIX) and NT infrastructure including Oracle, Lotus NT infrastructure including Oracle, Lotus Notes & ISIS applicationsNotes & ISIS applications

Dynamic user population (2,000 staff)Dynamic user population (2,000 staff)

Efficiency and security are big driversEfficiency and security are big drivers Off-loading work to users via web browserOff-loading work to users via web browser Keep central operations staff small in numberKeep central operations staff small in number

Stage 1 (UNIX): 10 day RUMA, 35 day Stage 1 (UNIX): 10 day RUMA, 35 day implementationimplementation

Stage 2 (NT, Lotus): 60 day consultancy Stage 2 (NT, Lotus): 60 day consultancy contractedcontracted

“It is not always easy to prove a positive ROI for security software, but this is one area where it is demonstrable.” Malcolm Beckwith, Datacenter Manager



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Duke EnergyDuke Energy

Duke EnergyDuke Energy Fortune 500 companyFortune 500 company Gas transmission business looks after 1 Gas transmission business looks after 1

million customers in Canadamillion customers in Canada

Currently manages 45 UNIX (IBM AIX) Currently manages 45 UNIX (IBM AIX) servers and looking to roll out onto Oracleservers and looking to roll out onto Oracle

<1,000 computer users<1,000 computer users

Efficiency was big driverEfficiency was big driver Small team of administratorsSmall team of administrators Time to add a new user reduced from an Time to add a new user reduced from an

average of 45 minutes to 2 minutesaverage of 45 minutes to 2 minutes

Stage 1 (UNIX): 10 days of OSM Stage 1 (UNIX): 10 days of OSM consultancyconsultancy

Stage 2 (Oracle): 5 days consultancy Stage 2 (Oracle): 5 days consultancy quotedquoted

"COSuser is very complete in its design. We haven’t seen any areas to improve it yet," Wayne Sellar, Senior UNIX Administrator



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West Interactive Corp.West Interactive Corp.

West Interactive CorporationWest Interactive Corporation Very large call centersVery large call centers Employ 23,000 staff based out of Omaha, Employ 23,000 staff based out of Omaha,

Nebraska, USANebraska, USA process more than 20 billion minutes of process more than 20 billion minutes of

telephony-related transaction time annuallytelephony-related transaction time annually

Have more than 2,000 SCO UNIX servers, Have more than 2,000 SCO UNIX servers, and some 3,000 UNIX servers in totaland some 3,000 UNIX servers in total

Will implement on AD as wellWill implement on AD as well

Approximately 6,000 user accountsApproximately 6,000 user accounts

Stage 1: 10 days to conduct a RUMAStage 1: 10 days to conduct a RUMA

Stage 2: 35 days consultancy to aid in roll-Stage 2: 35 days consultancy to aid in roll-out. Most work will be performed by out. Most work will be performed by customer staff.customer staff.

© 2003, open systems management ltd (osm) cosuser version 3.1 - last updated 5th may 2004 cosuser...

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