1) private bills - bills that deal w/ individual people or places - e.g. oil drilling in banning...
TRANSCRIPT
How a Bill Becomes a Law (6.4)
1b: Evaluate how individuals and groups can effectively use the structure and functions of various levels of government to shape policy.3c: Explain how to monitor and influence public policy.
2 Categories of Bills
1) Private Bills - bills that deal w/ individual people or
places - e.g. Oil Drilling in Banning Lewis
Ranch
2) Public Bills - bills that deal w/ entire nation - e.g. taxes
Step #1: Ideas for bills
1) U.S. citizens When large # of constituents request a particular law
2) Special-interest Groups Organization made up of people w/ common interest & want a law changed/passed (unions)
Step #1: Ideas for bills (c0nt.) 3) Committees of Congress (e.g.
Commerce) Committee investigations reveal need
for new law
4) Members of Congress Experiences of members
5) President of U.S.
Recommends laws he/she feels needed to improve country (state of the union speech)
Step #3: Bill to Committee Bill sent to standing committee that
deals w/ subject of bill (e.g. conservation)
Committee can: 1) pass bill in its current form 2) revise bill, then pass it 3) replace original bill w/ new bill 4) ignore bill & let it die (i.e. pigeonhole) 5) kill bill w/ majority vote
Step #4: Debating the Bill
Bill is submitted to floor of House or Senate for a vote
Members of Congress argue pros/cons of bill + any revisions
Step #4: Debating the Bill (cont.)
Revisions
House Accepts only amendments relevant to
bill
Senate Accepts riders- completely unrelated
amendments- to be added to bills
Step #4: Debating a bill (cont.)
Debate
House of Representatives puts time limit on debate Reason: too many members to allow
full debate
Senate Allows members to speak as long as
he/she wishes
Step #4: Debating a bill (cont.) Senate
Filibuster: method of debating a bill continuously until bill’s sponsor withdraws the bill
Used by opposition of bill to kill the bill and prevent its passage
How applied: Senator or group of senators continuously talk about bill
Step #4: Debating a bill (cont.) Cloture: method to end a filibuster
requires a 3/5 vote allows members to only speak for a
maximum of 1 hour
Sept #5: Voting on a Bill
Voting in House
Voice vote: verbal “yea” or “nea” ▪ Majority rules
Standing vote: physical “stand and be counted” (yes & no)▪ Majority rules
Recorded vote: electronic vote
Sept #5: Voting on a Bill (cont.)
Voting in Senate
1) voice vote 2) Standing vote 3) Roll-call vote: respond “yea” or
“nea” as the name of the Senator is called
▪ Simple majority all that is needed from members that are present
Sept #5: Voting on a Bill (cont.) Bill passed in one house is sent to the other
after voting
If: 1) either house rejects the bill, it dies
2) 2 different versions of the same bill are passed, the
2 bills go to conference committee
Both houses must pass exact same bill for it to be approved & sent to President
Step #6: President & Bills Actions of the President:
1) Sign the Bill as written & approved by Congress
2) Veto: refuse to sign the Bill
3) Not sign the bill for 10 days▪ If Congress in session, bill becomes law
4) Pocket Veto: not sign the bill for 10 days▪ If Congress out of session, bill dies