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TALAQ O TAHLEEL by Dr. Muhammad Asadullah

Al-Ghalib. Professor, Department of Arabic, University

of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Published by: HADEETH

FOUNDATION BANGLADESH Kajla, Rajshahi, H.F.B.

9. Ph. & Fax (Reg) 88-0721-861365, 760525, Price Tk.

15 only.

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A bye v ` t GB ZvjvK `yBevi| AZtci ¯¿x‡K nq wewagZ ivwLqv w`‡e A_ev m`qfv‡e gy³ Kwiqv w`‡e| †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì ¯¿x‡K hvnv cÖ vb KwiqvQ Zb¥‡a¨ nB‡Z †Kvb wKQz MÖnY Kiv †Zvgv‡ì c‡¶ êa b‡n, Aek¨ hw` Zvnv‡ì Df‡qi AvksKv nq †h, Zvnviv Avj−vn&i mxgv‡iLv i¶v Kwiqv Pwj‡Z cvwi‡e bv Ges †Zvgiv hw` AvksKv Ki †h, Zvnviv Avj−vn&i mxgv‡iLv i¶v Kwiqv Pwj‡Z cvwi‡e bv, Z‡e ¯¿x †Kvb wKQzi wewbg‡q wb®K…wZ cvB‡Z Pvwn‡j Zvnv‡Z Zvnv‡ì KvnviI †Kvb Aciva bvB| GBme Avj−vn&i mxgv‡iLv| †Zvgiv Dnv jsNb KwiI bv| hvnviv GBme mxgv‡iLv jsNb K‡i ZvnvivB Rvwjg (evK¡vivn 2/229)|

AZtci hw` †m Zvnv‡K ZvjvK †`q, Z‡e †h Zvnvi Rb¨ êa nB‡e bv, †h ch©š— †m Ab¨ ¯vgxi mwnZ msMZ bv nB‡e| AZtci †m hw` Zvnv‡K ZvjvK †`q Avi Zvnviv Df‡q g‡b K‡i †h, Zvnviv Avj−vn&i mxgv‡iLv i¶v Kwi‡Z mg_© nB‡e, Z‡e Zvnv‡ì cybwg©j‡b KvnviI †Kvb Aciva nB‡e bv| GB¸wj Avj−vn&i mxgv‡iLv, Ávbx m¤cÖ`v‡qi Rb¨ Avj−vn Bnv ¯úófv‡e eY©bv K‡ibÕ (evK¡vivn 2/230)|

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cÖeÜwU gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK M‡elYv cwÎKvi 4_© el© 5g msL¨vq Ôì‡m KziAvbÕ Kjv‡g cÖKvwkZ nq|

4 UxKv : 158| †h Zvjv‡Ki ci ÔBÏ‡Zi g‡a¨ B”Qv Kwi‡j ¯¿x‡K cybtMÖnY Kiv hvq, GLv‡b †mB ÔZvjv‡K¡ ivRÔC-i K_v ejv nBqv‡Q| 159| ÔgniÕ A_ev wKQz A_©-m¤ú‡ì wewbg‡q ¯¿x ¯^vgxi wbKU ZvjvK Pvwn‡Z cv‡i| kixAv‡Zi cwifvlvq Bnv‡K ÔLyjvÕ e‡j| 160| yB Zvjv‡Ki ci Z…Zxq ZvjvK w`‡j ¯vgx-¯¿x‡K cybtMÖnY Kwi‡Z cv‡i bv|1

k v‡ b byh~j :

R‰bK AvbQvix e¨w³ GK`v ivMvwšZ n‡q Zvi ¯¿x‡K e‡j, Avj−vn&i Kmg! †Zvgv‡K Avwg KL‡bvB Avkªq †è bv Ges wew”QbœI Kie bv| ¯¿x ejj, wKfv‡e? †jvKwU ejj, †Zvgv‡K ZvjvK †è| Zvici †gqv` wbKUeZx© n‡j †Zvgv‡K wdwi‡q †be| GBfv‡e Pj‡Z _v‡K| ZLb D³ gwnjv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wbK‡U Av‡m| GgZve¯’vq AÎ AvqvZ bvwhj nq|2

Avq v‡ Z i e¨ vL¨ v :

AÎ AvqvZØ‡q Bmjvgx ZvjvK weavb ms‡¶‡c ¯úófv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Rv‡njx Avi‡e gwnjv‡ì wb‡q wQwbwgwb †Ljv nÕZ| Zv‡ì‡K wbh©vZ‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ evievi ZvjvK †Ìqv nÕZ I wdwi‡q †bIqv nÕZ| d‡j gwnjv‡ì Bh&h‡Zi myi¶v, Zv‡ì Dci wbh©vZb eÜ Ges bvix-cyi“‡li wPiš—b cvwievwiK Rxe‡b w¯’wZkxjZv Avbq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ Avj−vn&i c¶ nÕ‡Z P~ovš— ZvjvK weavb †b‡g Av‡m| Z‡e Zvjv‡Ki Av‡jvPbvi c~‡e© Avgiv Bmjv‡gi „wó‡Z weev‡ni ¸i“Z¡ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kie|

Bm jv‡ g i „wó‡ Z weev‡ ni ¸i “Z ¡

cweÎ KziAv‡b Avj−vn cvK †bKKvi bvix-cyi“l‡K weevn eÜ‡b Ave× nIqvi wb‡ ©k w`‡q‡Qb (b~i 24/32)| Ab¨ Avqv‡Z weevn eÜb‡K Avj−vn Zuvi Ab¨Zg wb`k©b wnmv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb (iƒg 30/21)| Ab¨Î wZwb GB eÜb‡K ÔKwVb eÜbÕ wnmv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb (wbmv 4/21)| nv`x‡Q ejv

1. Abyev` I UxKv : (e½vbyev` Avj-KziAvbyj Kixg (XvKv : BmjvwgK dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`k

cÖKvkvbv-2, 7g gy ªY 1983), c„t 57| 2. Beby Rvixi, Beby Avex nv‡Zg, wZiwghx, nv‡Kg, Zvdmx‡i Be‡b KvQxi 1/279|

5 n‡q‡Q, Ô ywbqv GKwU m¤ú` Avi Zvi †kªôZg m¤ú` nÕj †bKKvi ¯¿xÕ|3 Ab¨ nv`x‡Q weevn‡K Øx‡bi Aa©vsk ejv n‡q‡Q|4

Bmjvgx bvix-cyi“‡li êevwnK eÜb‡K GKwU cweÎ eÜb wnmv‡e we‡ePbv K‡i GB eÜ‡bi cweÎZvi Dc‡i Zvi fwel¨r eskavivi cweÎZv wbf©i K‡i (wbmv 4/1)| Gi wfwË‡Z Zvi mnvq-m¤úwËi DËivwaKvi wbY©xZ nq (wbmv 4/11)| Ab¨vb¨ Pzw³i b¨vq cvi¯úvwiK m¤§wZi wfwË‡Z weevn Pzw³ m¤úvw`Z nÕ‡jI GLv‡b Df‡qi AwffveK mn yÕRb Cgvb`vi I Ávbevb mv¶xi cÖ‡qvRb nq|5 ïaygvÎ bvix-cyi“l yÕR‡bi m¤§vwZ‡Z weevn nq bv| Awj I `yÕRb mv¶x6 Ges ¯vgx-¯¿xi CRve-Keyj QvovI GKwU hiƒix welq Gi m‡½ hy³ Av‡Q, †mwU nÕj weev‡ni ÔLyrevÕ hv GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© mybœvZ|7 hvi gva¨‡g KziAv‡bi AvqvZ I nv`xQ ïbv‡bv nq Ges hvi gva¨‡g Dfq‡K wPi¯’vqx GK Hkx eÜ‡b Ave× Kivi wel‡q Dcw¯’Z Dfqc‡¶i `vwqZ¡kxj AwffveKe„›` QvovI m„wóKZ©v Avj−vn&‡K mv¶x ivLv nq| hwÌ GwU †Kvb AvBbx mv¶x bq, eis A „k¨ Hk¦wiK mv¶x| hvi ¸i“Z¡ Cgvb`vi ¯vgx-¯¿xi wbK‡U AZ¨š— †ekx| hvi Abyf~wZ Df‡qi Ae‡PZb g‡b Mfxifv‡e †iLvcvZ K‡i Ges Dfq‡K my‡L- yt‡L, wec‡`-Avc‡` msmvi Rxe‡bi Uvbv‡cv‡o‡b me© v nvwm-Kvbœvi mv_x wnmv‡e AUzU HK¨ eRvq †i‡L `v¤úZ¨ Rxeb AwZevwnZ Ki‡Z DØy× K‡i|

GØ¨ZZxZ ¯vgx-¯¿xi gva¨‡g m„wó nq AvMZ mš—vb‡ì bZzb eskaviv| ¯vgx-¯¿x ZLb wcZv-gvZv wnmv‡e Zv‡ì mš—vb‡ì Awffve‡K cwiYZ nb| Amnvq KwP ev”Pv‡ì jvjb-cvjb I Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi DbœwZB ZLb evc-gv‡qi cÖavb wPš—vi welq n‡q `vuovq| ¯vgx-¯¿x fvjevmvi m¤ú‡K©i cvkvcvwk ZLb Av‡iKwU †mœ‡ni †mZzeÜb iwPZ nq| GKw`‡K ¯vgx- ¿xi wbweo †cÖ‡gi eÜb, Ab¨w`‡K mš—vb‡ì cÖwZ Df‡qi AcZ¨ †mœ‡ni Awfbœ AvKl©Y| Gfv‡e ¯^vgx-¯¿xi Rxeb n‡q I‡V GKK j‡¶¨ I Awfbœ

3. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/3083| 4. Z¡vevivYx, nv‡Kg, wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/108; evqnvK¡x ïÔAveyj Cgvb, wgkKvZ nv/3096, mb`

RvBwq` ev DËg| 5. Avey `vE`, wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/3130, 31| 6. Avngv`, Avey `vE`, wZiwghx; BiIqv nv/1839, 1844 6/235-51| 7. Avngv`, wZiwghx, kviûm mybœvn, wgkKvZ nv/3149|

6 ¯v‡_© fv¯î, gnxqvb I Mwiqvb| BnKv‡j Zv‡ì msmvi nq fvjevmvq Avc−yZ I mylgvgwÊZ Ges ciKv‡j Zv‡ì Rxeb nq Avj−vn&i we‡kl cwi‡Zvl jv‡f ab¨| Bmjvg weev‡ni GB cweÎ eÜb‡K ZvB mva¨c‡¶ wUwK‡q ivL‡Z Pvq|

wewfbœ a‡ g © Zvjv K Bû` x‡ ì wb K ‡ U Z vj vK :

Bû`x‡ì wbK‡U †Kvb Ihi QvovB ¯¿x‡K ZvjvK †Ìqv P‡j| †hgb ¯vgx Ab¨ GKRb gwnjv‡K Zvi wbR ¿xi PvB‡Z my›ìx g‡b Kij| Z‡e Ihi e¨ZxZ ZvjvK †Ìqv‡K Zvi fvj g‡b K‡i bv| Zv‡ì wbK‡U Ihi ev Î“wU `yÕai‡bi: (K) †`nMZ Î“wU| †hgb †Pv‡L Kg †`Lv, †PvL †Uiv nIqv, gyL yM©Ühy³ nIqv, wcV Kzu‡Rv nIqv, j¨vsov nIqv, eÜ¨v nIqv BZ¨vw`| (L) PwiÎMZ Î“wU| †hgb †ekig nIqv, ev‡R eK eK Kiv, Acwi”Qbœ _vKv, K…cY I K‡Vvi cÖK…wZi nIqv, Aeva¨ nIqv, AcPqKvwiYx nIqv, †cUzK nIqv, †cU †gvUv ev fyuwoIqvjx nIqv, Lv`¨‡jvfx nIqv, Zz”Q wel‡q Me©KvwiYx nIqv BZ¨vw`| Z‡e †hbv nÕj Zv‡ì wbK‡U me‡P‡q eo Î“wU| GRb¨ †Kej †hbvi cÖPvi nIqvB h‡_ó| cÖgv‡Yi ìKvi †bB| c¶vš—‡i ¯vgxi hZ Î“wUB _vKzK bv †Kb, ¯¿x Zvi KvQ †_‡K ZvjvK wb‡Z cv‡i bv| GgbwK hw` ¯vgxi †hbv cÖgvwYZ nq, ZeyI bq|

L„óvb‡ ì wb K ‡ U Z vj vK :

L„óvb gvhnve¸wji g‡a¨ cÖavb nÕj wZbwU: K¨v_wjK, A‡_©vW· I cÖ‡Uó¨v›U| K¨v_wjK gvhnv‡e ZvjvK G‡Kev‡i wbwl×| ¯¿x Pwi‡Î Awek¦vm ev †LqvZRwbZ KviY NU‡j Zv‡ì weQvbv c„_K ivLv nq Ges Gfv‡e wZ‡j wZ‡j Kó †Ìqv nq| ZeyI Zvjv‡Ki gva¨‡g Df‡q c„_K n‡q hvq bv| GKvwaK weevn L„óvb ag©xq Mv¤¢x‡h©i we‡ivax| †Kbbv BÄxj gviKzm-Gi Kw_Z 8 I 9 Avqv‡Zi eY©bv g‡Z Ô¯vgx- ¿x yÕRb wg‡j GKwU †`n| ... AZGe Avj−vn hv‡ì‡K GKwÎZ K‡i‡Qb, gvbyl Zv‡ì‡K c„_K Ki‡Z

cv‡i bvÕ )G>< �!� ��*- G��hi� �...G�*$S =j�X N �� =:k lP��&( L„óvb‡ì evKx `yÕwU gvhnv‡e mxwgZ K‡qKwU †¶‡Î ZvjvK wm×| hvi

7 cÖavb nÕj cvi¯úwiK Awek¦vm ev †LqvbZ| wKš‘ GB Ae ’vq Zv‡ì g‡a¨ ZvjvK wm× nÕ‡jI ¯vgx-¯¿x Df‡qi Rb¨ wØZxq weevn wbwl×|

Rv‡ nj x h y‡M i Z vjvK :

cÖvK-Bmjvgx hy‡M Rv‡njx Avi‡e †g‡q‡ì wbh©vZb Kivi Rb¨ ZvjvK‡K nvwZqvi wnmv‡e eënvi Kiv nÕZ| gv Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, GKRb ¯vgx Zvi ¿x‡K ZvjvK w`Z| Avevi BÏ‡Zi g‡a¨ wdwi‡q wbZ| GBfv‡e kZvwaKevi ZvjvK I ivRÔAv‡Zi NUbv NUZ| KL‡bv †Kvb ¯vgx e‡j em‡Zv, Avj−vn&i Kmg! Avwg †Zvgv‡K KL‡bvB ZvjvK wè bv, N‡i AvkªqI †è bv| ¿x ejZ, †mUv wKfv‡e m¤¢e? ¯vgx ejZ, †Zvgv‡K ZvjvK wè| Zvici BÏZ †kl nevi Av‡MB wdwi‡q †be| Avevi ZvjvK †è| Avevi wdwi‡q †be| Gfv‡eB Pj‡e| †Zvgv‡K kvwš—‡Z _vK‡ZI †è bv, †h‡ZI †è bv| GB NUbv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K Rvbv‡bv nÕ‡j wZwb Pzc _v‡Kb| AZtci ì‡mi Av‡jvP¨ AvqvZ ÔZvjvK gvÎ yÕeviÕ... bvwhj nq| A_©vr gvÎ yÕeviB ZvjvK w`‡q †diZ †bIqv hv‡e| Z…Zxq ev‡i Avi bq| ZLb wew”Qbœ n‡q hv‡e|8

nv‡dh Bebyj K¡vBwqg (int) e‡jb, wØZxq ¯vgx K…Z©K †¯”Qvq ZvjvKcÖvß ¿x‡K Zvi c~e©Zb ¯vgxi wbK‡U wd‡i Avmvi AbygwZ cÖ`vb Avj−vn&i c¶

†_‡K gwnjv‡ì cÖwZ GKwU eo ai‡bi AbyMÖn| †Kbbv ZvIiv‡Zi weavb g‡Z †m Avi weevn Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| BÄx‡ji weavb g‡Z Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wbwðZfv‡e ZvjvK wbwl×| wKš‘ Avgv‡ì kixÔAvZ ev›`vi Kj¨vY wePv‡i c~Y©vsM I w¯’wZkxj| d‡j H ¯vgx‡K PZy_©ev‡ii my‡hvM w`‡q‡QÕ| A_©vr †m Zvi ¯¿x‡K wZb ZvjvK w`‡q we`vq Kivi c‡i wØZxq ¯vgx MÖnY Ki‡jI †mB ¯vgx KZ©„K †¯”Qvq ZvjvKcÖvßv nÕ‡j cybivq c~e© ¯vgx Zv‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡iÕ| bB‡j †Kvb †KŠk‡ji Avkªq wb‡j wØZxq ¯vgx Ôfvov‡U lvuoÕ n‡e (Beby gvRvn, mb` nvmvb)| Zv‡ì H we‡q evwZj n‡e Ges cÖ_g ¯vgxi Rb¨ Zv nvjvj n‡e bv|9

Bm jv‡ g i Z vjvK weavb : 8. wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/280-82| 9. Qv‡jn web dvIhvb, Avj-gyjvLLvQzj wdK¡nx (`vi Bebyj RvIhx, 5g gy ªY 1417/1996),

c„t 317-18|

8

ÔZvjvK¡Õ )��( A_©: e×bgyw³| †hgb ejv nq: A�4�5��K�� Bn5�K L� Ôe›`x gy³ n‡q‡QÕ| kviC cwifvlvq ZvjvK A_©: ¯vgx- ¿xi weevn eÜb wQbœ Kiv| Bmjv‡g ZvjvK‡K Acm›` Kiv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ †eØxbx, Aeva¨Zv, †hbvKvwiZv cÖf„wZ P~ovš— Ae¯’vq GUv‡K Rv‡qh ivLv n‡q‡Q Ges Zvjv‡Ki gva¨‡g weevn eÜb wQbœ Kivi GLwZqvi †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| ì‡m ewY©Z Avqv‡Zi Av‡jv‡K G¶‡Y Avgiv Bmjv‡gi ZvjvK weavb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kie|

Bmjv‡g Zvjv‡Ki AwaKvi mxwgZ Kiv n‡q‡Q wZbev‡ii g‡a¨| cÖ_g yÕevi ÔivRÔCÕ I †klwU Ôev‡qbÕ| A_©vr Bmjv‡g Zvjv‡Ki weavb ivLv

nÕ‡jI ¯vgx‡K fveevi I mg‡SvZvi my‡hvM †Ìqv nq ¿xi wZb FZz ev wZb gvmKvj hveZ| Gi g‡a¨ ¯vgx Zvi ¯¿x‡K wdwi‡q wb‡Z cv‡ib| hv‡K ÔivRÔAvZÕ ejv nq| wKš‘ Mfxi fvebv-wPš—vi ci VvÊv gv_vq Z…Zxqevi ZvjvK w`‡j ZLb Avi wdwi‡q †bIqvi my‡hvM _v‡K bv||

Z vj v‡ K i c×wZ :

(1) ¿x‡K Zvi FZzgyw³i ci cweÎ Ae¯’vi ïi“‡Z wgjb QvovB ¯vgx cÖ_‡g GK ZvjvK w`‡e| AZtci mnevmnxb Ae ’vq wZb FZzi BÏZ AwZµvš— nIqvi c~‡e© ¯vgx ¿x‡K ivRÔAvZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| A_©vr wdwi‡q wb‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ BÏZKvj †kl nIqvi c‡i †diZ wb‡Z PvB‡j Zv‡K Dfq c‡¶i m¤§wZµ‡g bZzb weev‡ni gva¨‡g †diZ wb‡Z n‡e| BÏZKv‡j ¯¿x ¯vgxM„‡n Ae¯’vb Ki‡e| Ae ’vbKv‡j ¯vgx ¯¿x‡K †Lvi‡cvl w`‡e| GwUB nÕj Zvjv‡Ki m‡e©vËg cš’v|

(2) mnevmnxb †Zvn‡i cÖ_g ZvjvK w`‡q BÏ‡Zi g‡a¨ cieZx© †Zvn‡i 2q ZvjvK w`‡e Ges BÏZKvj MYbv Ki‡e| AZtci cieZx© †Zvn‡ii ïi“‡Z Z…Zxq ZvjvK w`‡e I FZz Avmv ch©š— me©‡kl BÏZ cvjb Ki‡e| Z‡e Z…Zxqevi ZvjvK D”PviY Ki‡j ¿x‡K Avi †dir †bIqv hv‡e bv| AZGe 2q †Zvn‡ii 2q ZvjvK w`‡j 3q †Zvn‡ii †kl ch©š— A‡c¶v KivB eyw×gv‡bi KvR| GLv‡bI c~‡e©i b¨vq hveZxq weavb envj _vK‡e (evK¡viv 2/229; ZvjvK 65/1)| Bmjv‡g †mvbvjx hy‡M GB ZvjvKB Pvjy wQj| †hgb Avj−vn ¯xq ivm~j‡K m‡¤vab K‡i e‡jb,

9

B*e�� A7A�KWH�F �Fo5S pq5f6�� BZp F� �B rst4>LWu�F�F& Fv6�5:K�� >A@4!F�B 6"5Z5�6�5:5� 6"A2 B=H�� >LW6��BFN 47L<6(B.4>A-5�4VA� 4"5, 6"A24>A�A( FNB 6"5Z5�KGF� �H�5S B"4-A�4VB 4�5�K�B B\K�5�B I)B�e�Bfp, I)B#5!�FX5( B"

4A�A!A�4"B,B 5=H�� 6 4A�A! 6�B:B�4w5.4�B� �F� A=B*KXB$ B7F�Fc 4�FWF& 5=H�� B� B�4:B( Lx5�4�A B=H�� H�B:F� T��4,F� B\5�Fo�

Ô†n bex! hw` Avcwb ¿x‡ì ZvjvK w`‡Z Pvb, ZvnÕ‡j BÏZ Abyhvqx ZvjvK w`b Ges BÏZ MYbv Ki‡Z _vKyb| Avcwb Avcbvi cÖfy m¤‡Ü ûuwkqvi _vKzb| mveavb Zvjv‡Ki ci ¿x‡ì‡K M„n nÕ‡Z weZvwoZ Ki‡eb bv, Avi ZvivI †hb ¯vgxM„n †Q‡o ewnM©Z bv nq| Aek¨ Zviv hw` †LvjvLywjfv‡e dv‡nkv Kv‡R wjß nq, ZvnÕ‡j ¯Zš¿ K_v| G¸wj Avj−vnK…Z mxgv‡iLv| †h e¨w³ D³ mxgv‡iLv jsNb K‡i, †m wb‡Ri Dc‡i hyj~g K‡i| †Kbbv †m GK_v AeMZ bq †h, Zvjv‡Ki c‡iI Avj−vn †Kvb (mg‡SvZvi) c_ †ei K‡i w`‡Z cv‡ibÕ (ZvjvK¡ 65/1)|

D³ Avqv‡Zi Zvrch© GB †h, ZvjvK nÕj g~jZt BÏ‡Zi ZvjvK, AvKw¯§K ev hyMcr ZvjvK bq| ¯vgx-¯¿x‡K Aek¨B wba©vwiZ BÏZ MYbv Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ Kgc‡¶ wZb FZz gyw³i wZb gvm ¯vgx AeKvk cv‡eb †h, wZwb ¿x‡K wb‡q Ni Ki‡Z cvi‡eb wK-bv| GQvovI ¯¿x‡K ¯^vgxM„‡nB Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi Øviv Dfq‡K cybwg©j‡bi cÖwZ DØy× Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avj−vn e‡jb, G¸wj nÕj Avj−vnK…Z Ôû ~ Õ ev mxgv‡iLv, hv AwZµg Kiv wbwl×|

G¶ ‡Y cÖ kœ n Õ j: GK gRwj‡m GKwÎZfv‡e wZb ZvjvK ev‡qb w`‡j D³ mxgv‡iLv cvjb Kiv hvq wK? †hLv‡b cÖ_g Zvjv‡Ki BÏZKvj GK FZz †k‡l 2q ZvjvK| AZtci 2q Zvjv‡Ki BÏZKvj 2q FZz †k‡l 3q ZvjvK- Gfv‡e wnmve K‡i weiwZmn BÏZ MYbvi †Kvb my‡hvM _v‡K wK? hw` bv _v‡K, ZvnÕ‡j †mUv †Kvb ai‡bi ZvjvK? KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi †Kv_vI Giƒc Zvjv‡Ki †Kvb Aw —Z¡ Av‡Q wK?

hvB †nvK wewfbœ wdKn MÖ‡š’ ZvjvK‡K Avnmvb, nvmvb I we`ÔAvZ wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges KziAvb-nv`x‡Q ewY©Z Dc‡iv³ ZvjvK weavb‡K Ômybœx ZvjvKÕ I Avwe®K…Z GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K Ô†e`ÔC

10 ZvjvKÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q (†n`vqv 2/354-55)| A_P gymjgvb ÔmybœvZÕ gvb‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB Ôwe`ÔAvZÕ gvb‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kbbv Øx‡bi bv‡g mKj cÖKvi we`ÔAvZ cÖZ¨vLvZ10 Ges we`ÔAv‡Zi GKgvÎ cwiYvg Rvnvbœvg|11 A_P we`ÔAvZx ZvjvK‡K AvBbwm× Kivi gva¨‡g gymwjg mgv‡R †Mvbv‡ni c_ Ly‡j †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| mybœvZx Zvjv‡Ki ’‡j we`ÔAvZx ZvjvK wm× K‡i ÔZvnjxjÕ-Gi b¨vq cÖvPxb †bvsiv

KzcÖ_v‡K Awm× dvwm` wK¡qv‡mi gva¨‡g Bmjvgx mgv‡R wdwi‡q Avbv n‡q‡Q| hvi mivmwi I Amnvq wkKvi n‡”Q G‡`‡ki mij-wmav gymwjg bvix mgvR|

D‡j−L¨ †h, m~iv‡q ZvjvK¡-Gi 2q Avqv‡Zi Av‡jv‡K Qvnvex‡ì g‡a¨ nhiZ Avjx I Bgivb web ûQvBb, Zv‡eC‡ì g‡a¨ AvZ¡v, Beby Ryiv‡qR I Beby mxixb Ges Bgvwgqv kxÔAv weØvb gÊjx Zvjv‡Ki †¶‡ÎI yÕRb b¨vqevb mv¶xi kZ© Av‡ivc K‡ib| †hiƒc weev‡ni †¶‡Î Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e cÖvPxb I AvaywbK mKj hy‡Mi Ab¨vb¨ weØvb‡ì wbK‡U ZvjvK †KejgvÎ ¯vgxi AwaKvi| Gi Rb¨ †Kvb mv¶xi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| †Kbbv G e¨vcv‡i ivm~j (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi c¶ †_‡K †Kvbiƒc cÖgvY †bBÕ|12

Dc‡iv³ ZvjvK weav‡b †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, Bmjvg eva¨MZ Ae¯’vq ZvjvK Rv‡qh ivL‡jI g~jZt †mUv Zvi Kvg¨ bq| eis ¯vgx I ¯¿xi g‡a¨ mg‡SvZv m„wó I Zv‡ì‡K cybivq `v¤úZ¨ Rxe‡b wd‡i Avmvi mKj êa my‡hvM m„wó K‡i †i‡L‡Q| Zv‡K GK gvm, `yÕgvm, wZb gvm hveZ wPš—v Kivi my‡hvM w`‡q‡Q| BÏZKv‡j ¯¿x‡K ¯vgxM„‡n Ae¯’v‡bi my‡hvM w`‡q‡Q| me‡k‡l wØZxqevi ch©š— ÔZvjvK¡Õ kãwU D”PviY Ki‡jI KziAvb ÔZ…Zxq ZvjvKÕ ev ÔZvjv‡K¡ ev‡qbÕ (wew”QbœKvix ZvjvK) K_vwU D”PviY K‡iwb| eis Bw½‡Z e‡j‡Q, wØZxqevi ZvjvK †Ìqvi c‡i G¶‡Y †m Zvi ¯¿x‡K my›ìfv‡e ivLyK A_ev mØënv‡i gva¨‡g we`vq Ki“KÕ|

10. gy&ËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/104| 11. bvmvC nv/1579 ÔwKfv‡e C`vq‡bi Lyrev w`‡Z n‡eÕ Aby‡”Q`| 12. wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/290-92|

11 R‰bK e¨w³ ivm~j (Qvt)-†K wR‡Ám Kij, †n ivm~j (Qvt)! KziAv‡b yÕevi ZvjvK †èvi K_v cvw”Q| wKš‘ Z„Zxq ZvjvK †Kv_vq? ivm~j (Qvt)

ej‡jb, IG�B*4!5E5( CO4 5�4*B� 4F� ÔA_ev my›ìfv‡e we`vq Ki“KÕ|13 A_v©r Avj−vn Pvb bv †h, ev›`v ¯xq ¯¿x‡K Z…Zxq ZvjvK w`K| †Kbbv Z…Zxq ZvjvK w`‡j †m Avi Zvi ¯¿x‡K †diZ cv‡e bv| hZ¶Y bv †m wØZxq ¯vgx MÖnY K‡i Ges †mB ¯vgx Zv‡K †¯”Qvq ZvjvK †`q| Avi †mUv wbZvš—B Kíbvi e ‘|

Avj−vn GZB †g‡nievb †h, me©‡kl Z…Zxqevi Zvjv‡Ki Kvi‡Y D³ ¯vgx I ¯¿x‡K wPiKv‡ji gZ ci¯ú‡ii Rb¨ wbwl× K‡ibwb| eis hw` KLbI wØZxq ¯vgx Zv‡K †¯”Qvq ZvjvK †`q, ZLb †m cybivq Zvi c~e©Zb ¯vgxi Kv‡Q wd‡i Avm‡Z cv‡i, hw` Df‡q †¯”Qvq I mvMÖ‡n ivhx nq| G‡ZB eySv hvq †h, weev‡ni cweÎ eÜb‡K Avj−vn cvK KZ †ekx ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb Ges G‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ KZfv‡eB bv ev›`v‡K DØy× K‡i‡Qb|

† Lvjv Zv jvK :

Ô†LvjvÕ )AyK�Lz�( A_© : Kvco Ly‡j †djv| cweÎ KziAv‡b ¯vgx-¯¿x‡K Ôci¯ú‡ii Rb¨ †cvlvKÕ (evK¡vivn 2/187) ¯iƒc ejv n‡q‡Q| ¯vgxi wbKU †_‡K ¿x †Kvb wKQzi wewbg‡q wb‡R‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †bIqv‡KB kviC cwifvlvq Ô†LvjvÕ ejv nq|14

gybvwdK †bZv Avãyj−vn web DevB‡qi †evb Rvgxjv web‡Z DevB wKsev nvexevn web‡Z mvn&j bvgœx R‰bKv AvbQvix gwnjv GKw`b dR‡ii AÜKv‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi ìev‡i G‡m Zvi ¯vgx QvweZ web K¡v‡qm web kv¤§vm-Gi wei“‡× Awf‡hvM Kij †h, †m Zv‡K †g‡i‡Q I A½nvwb K‡i‡Q| †m ejj, Avj−vn&i Kmg! Avwg Zvi Øxb ev Pwi‡Îi wei“‡× Awf‡hvM Kwi bv eis Zvi †eu‡U Aeqe I KzrwmZ †Pnvivi Awf‡hvM Kwi| †n ivm~j (Qvt)! hw` Avj−vn&i fq bv _vKZ ZvnÕ‡j evmi iv‡Z Avwg Zvi gy‡L _y_y wb‡¶c KiZvgÕ| ZLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) QvweZ‡K WvKv‡jb I Zvi 13. Avngv`, Beby Avex nv‡Zg, Beby gvi ywfqvn, Beby KvQxi 1/279-80| 14. wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/319|

12 gZvgZ Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb| wZwb ej‡jb, †n ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)! Avwg Zv‡K ÔgniÕ ¯iƒc Avgvi me‡P‡q g~jëvb yÕwU †LRyi evMvb w`‡qwQjvg, hv Zvi AwaKv‡i Av‡Q| hw` †mUv Avgv‡K †diZ †`qÕ| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ZLb gwnjv‡K ej‡jb, Zzwg wK ej‡Z PvI| gwnjvwU ejj nuv| †dir †è| PvB‡j Av‡iv †ekx †èÕ| ZLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) QvweZ‡K ej‡jb, Zzwg †Zvgvi ¯¿x‡K c„_K K‡i `vI| AZtci ZvB Kiv nÕj|15

Beby Rvixi e‡jb †h, Dc‡iv³ NUbv Dcj‡¶ AÎ AvqvZ (evK¡vivn 229-Gi wØZxqvsk) bvwhj nq| Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb, Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m GUvB nÕj Ô†LvjvÕ Zvjv‡Ki cÖ_g NUbv Ges GUvB nÕj †Lvjv-i g~j `jxj|16

Ô†LvjvÕ g~jZt Ôwdm‡L wbKvnÕ ev weevn gyw³| KziAv‡b yÕwU ZvjvK †Ìqvi c‡i Z…Zxq ZvjvK-Gi c~‡e© gv‡ji wewbg‡q weevn gyw³ ev Ô†LvjvÕ-Gi K_v G‡m‡Q| G‡Z eySv hvq †h, Ô†LvjvÕ ZvjvK bq, eis we‡”Q` gvÎ| hw` †Lvjv ZvjvKB nÕZ, Z‡e †k‡li ZvjvKwU PZz_© ZvjvK e‡j MY¨ nÕZ| A_P mKj weØvb GKgZ †h, †k‡l †h ZvjvK-Gi K_v D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q, †mwU Z…Zxq ZvjvK, PZz_© ZvjvK bq| bex Kixg (Qvt) Qv‡eZ web K¡v‡qm (ivt)-Gi ¿x‡K Ô†LvjvÕ K‡i †bIqvi ci Zv‡K Ô†LvjvÕi BÏZ ¯iƒc GK FZz A‡c¶v Ki‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb|17

D³ nv`xQwUI cÖgvY K‡i †h, Ô†LvjvÕ ZvjvK bq| KviY hw` Zv ZvjvK nÕZ, Z‡e D³ gwnjv‡K wZwb wZb ÔZzniÕ ch©š— A‡c¶v Ki‡Z ej‡Zb| eyLvix kix‡d Ô†LvjvÕi †¶‡Î †h ÔZvjvKÕ kã eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv e¨vL¨v mv‡c¶| †Kbbv D³ nv`xQwU Beby AveŸvm (ivt) ewY©Z| c¶vš—‡i Ave~ `vD`, bvmvC, gyIqvË¡v ewY©Z †LvjvKvwiYx gwnjv QvweZ-Gi ¿x

15. eyLvix, gyIqvË¡v, Avey vE`, Beby Rvixi, bvmvC, Beby gvRvn; Beby KvQxi 1/281-82;

wgkKvZ nv/3274; Beby nvRvi yÕwU‡K c„_K NUbv g‡b K‡ib| kvIKvbx, bvqj 8/43| 16. Zvdmx‡i Be‡b KvQxi 1/281| 17. Avey& vE`, wZiwghx, bvmvC, bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi (1g ms®‹viY 1415wnt, 1995Bs),

6/259c„t|

13

Rvgxjv ev nvexevn&-i eY©bvq G‡m‡Q u�BQB5f� 4�F�BZ� A_©vr Ôgwnjv‡K †Q‡o `vIÕ| AZGe G wel‡q D³ gwnjvi e³e¨B AMÖvwaKvi‡hvM¨|18

nv‡dh Bebyj K¡vBwqg e‡jb, Ô†LvjvÕ †h ZvjvK bq, Zvi cÖgvY nÕjt Zvjv‡Ki †¶‡Î Avj−vncvK †h wZbwU weav‡bi K_v e‡j‡Qb †h¸wji me KÕwU Ô†LvjvÕ†Z cvIqv hvq bv| wZbwU wb¤iƒc-

(1) ÔZvjv‡K ivRCÕi ci ¯vgx Zvi ¯¿x‡K BÏ‡Zi g‡a¨ webv weev‡n wdwi‡q wb‡Z cvi‡e| wKš‘ Ô†LvjvÕ nÕ‡j ¯¿xi m¤§wZ e¨ZxZ Zv cvi‡e bv|

(2) ÔZvjvKÕ wZb ch©š— mxwgZ| myZivs ZvjvK msL¨v c~Y© n‡q †M‡j ¿xi Ab¨ ¯vgxi mv‡_ weevn I wgjb bv nIqv ch©š— cÖ_g ¯vgx Zv‡K wdwi‡q wb‡Z cvi‡e bv| wKš‘ Ô†LvjvÕq ¯¿x‡K Aci Kv‡iv weevn eÜ‡b Ave× bv n‡qB cÖ_g ¯^vgxi Kv‡Q bZzb weev‡ni gva¨‡g wd‡i †h‡Z cvi‡e|

(3) Ô†LvjvÕi BÏZ nÕj GK FZz| c¶vš—‡i mnevm K…Z ¯¿xi Zvjv‡Ki BÏZ wZb ZzniÕ|19

FZzKv‡j ev cweÎKv‡j, mnevm K…Z ev mnevmnxb, mKj Ae ’vq ¿x Ô†LvjvÕ Ki‡Z cv‡i (wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/323)| ÔgnivbvÕ wdwi‡q w`‡q ev Ab¨ †Kvb gv‡ji wewbg‡q Ô†LvjvÕ KivB `jxj m¤§Z| Z‡e gv‡ji wewbgq QvovI Ô†LvjvÕ msNwUZ nÕ‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i ¯vgxi c¶ †_‡K hw` ¿x‡K ¶wZMÖ — Kivi KzgZje _v‡K, Z‡e †mLv‡b gv‡ji wewbgq QvovB

Av`vjZ Df‡qi g‡a¨ weevn we‡”Q` NUv‡Z cv‡i| KviY nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, B.�B�5{FNB B.B�B{ FN Ô†Kvb ¶wZ Kiv Pj‡e bv, ¶wZMÖ — nIqv hv‡e bvÕ|20

Pvi Ljxdvmn Qvnvex weØvbM‡Yi g‡Z †Lvjv Zvjv‡Ki BÏZ nÕj GK FZzKvj| wKš‘ Rgn~i weØvbM‡Yi g‡Z Ab¨vb¨ Zvjv‡Ki b¨vq G‡ZI ¿x wZb FZzKvj ch©š— BÏZ cvjb Ki‡e|21 ¯¿xi m¤§wZ e¨ZxZ BÏZ Kv‡ji

18. bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 8/45-46| 19. bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 8/46-67| 20. Qnxn Beby gvRvn nv/1896| 21. Qnxn Beby gvRvn nv/1895, 96; wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/323,327-28|

14 g‡a¨ Zv‡K wdwi‡q †bIqv Rv‡qh bq|22 BÏZKv‡ji g‡a¨ Df‡qi m¤§wZ‡Z cybivq weevn nÕ‡Z cv‡i|23 ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib,

F�p B�� 5�4,B�F�Iv B�F�F�4| Bb4B-BZ� FF�Tj� 5&4q Fa4�5� B,� B(K�I} F&sB�B�Cd� B?F�4�BZ� B.5~�B�L) F��6�5)3

Ô†h gwnjv Zvi ¯vgxi wbKU †_‡K †Kvb ¶wZi AvksKv QvovB ZvjvK cÖv_©bv Ki‡e, †m gwnjv Rvbœv‡Zi myMwÜ cv‡e bvÕ|24

Zv jv ‡ K e v ‡ qb :

Ô†h ZvjvK Øviv ¿x P~ovš—fv‡e c„_K n‡q hvq, Zv‡K Zvjv‡K ev‡qb ev wew”QbœKvix ZvjvK e‡jÕ| GwU PviwU Ae ’vq nÕ‡Z cv‡i|-

1. mnev‡mi c~‡e©B ¯¿x‡K ZvjvK †`Iqv| GB Zvjv‡Ki †Kvb BÏZKvj †bB, eis Zvjv‡Ki c‡iB ¿x Ab¨ ¯vgx MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|

2. gv‡ji wewbg‡q ¯vgxi wbKU †_‡K ¯¿x ZvjvK MÖnY Kiv| Ô†LvjvÕ Zvjv‡Ki mgq ¯vgx ZLbB gv‡ji wewbg‡q cv‡e, hLb †m c~‡e©B ¿xi gnivbv m¤ú~Y© cwi‡kva K‡i ivL‡e| b‡Pr ¿xi wbKU †_‡K wewbg‡qi `vex Kiv hv‡e bv|

3. hLb Z…Zxq ZvjvK c~Y© n‡e| †hgb cÖ_gevi cweÎ nIqvi c‡iB mnevmnxb Ae ’vq GK ZvjvK w`j| 2q evi GKBfv‡e ZvjvK w`j| Z…Zxq evi GKBfv‡e ZvjvK w`j| wKš‘ Gevi Avi †dir wb‡Z cvi‡e bv| †Kbbv H ZvjvK Gevi Ôev‡qbÕ Zvjv‡K cwiYZ nÕj| Gici Zvi c‡¶ Avi c~e© ¯vgxi Kv‡Q wd‡i hvevi c_ †bB| hZ¶Y bv †m Ab¨Î †¯”Qvq weevn K‡i I †¯”Qvq ZvjvKcÖvßv nq|

4. ¯vgxi †Kvb gvivZ¥K Î“wUi Kvi‡Y ev `xN© Kvivev‡mi Kvi‡Y ev `xN©w`b ¯vgx wb‡LvuR nIqvi Kvi‡Y Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g ¿x KZ…©K weevn evwZj Kiv| GUv‡K Ôwdm&‡L wbKvnÕ e‡j|25

22. Zvdmx‡i Be‡b KvQxi 1/283-84; KziZzex 3/143-45| 23. wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/324| 24. Avngv`, wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/3279| 25. Ave yj−vn web hv‡q` Av‡j gvng~ , AvZ-ZvjvKzm mybœx Iqvj †e`ÔC (K¡vZvi : miKvix

cÖKvkbv 1984), c„t 62|

15 A wm× Zv jvK :

1. † µva v ›× A e ¯ ’v i Zv jvK : †µvavÜ Ae ’vq gvbyl ¯vfvweK PwiÎ nvwi‡q †d‡j| †mKvi‡Y `v¤úZ¨ Rxe‡bi wm×vš—Kvix GB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welqwU µz× Ae¯’vq w`‡j Bmjvgx kixÔAvZ H ZvjvK‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡i‡Q| †µvavÜ ej‡Z H †µva‡K eyS‡Z n‡e, †h †µv‡a ¯vgx Zvi wnZvwnZ Ávb nvwi‡q †d‡jÕ|26

2 . cvM j, gv Zv j e v A cÖ K…wZ¯ ’ A e ¯ ’v i Zv jvK : GB Ae ’vq †Ìqv †Kvb ZvjvK MÖvn¨ n‡e bv| GBiƒc GK e¨w³‡K Ljxdv Igi web Avãyj Avhxh †bkv Kivi kvw — ¯iƒc (Avwk) †eZ †g‡iwQ‡jb| AZtci Zvi ¯¿x‡K Zvi Kv‡Q †dir w`‡qwQ‡jb|27 nvbvdx gvhnve g‡Z GB Ae ’vq ZvjvK cwZZ n‡e (Kz ~ix c„t 173)| 3. h e i`w¯ — Zv jv K : ¯vgxi B”Qvi wei“‡× ej cÖ‡qvM K‡i ev fq-fxwZ ev cÖZviYv K‡i Zvi wbKU †_‡K ZvjvK Av`vq Kiv wbwl×| eis Hme ¿xi Rb¨ Ô†LvjvÕ Zvjv‡Ki eë¯’v cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Qvnvev‡q †Kivg hei`w¯— ZvjvK‡K ZvjvK wnmv‡e MY¨ Ki‡Zb bv (hv yj gvÔAv` 5/189)| Rgn~i weØvbM‡Yi wbK‡U hei`w — ZvjvK cwZZ n‡e bv| Z‡e nvbvdx gvhnve g‡Z ZvjvK cwZZ n‡e| †Kbbv nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, weevn, ZvjvK I ivRÔAvZ GB wZbwU wel‡q nvwm-VvÆv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bqÕ| A_©vr Zv cwZZ n‡e|28

Re v e : nvwm-VvÆv Avi hei`w¯— GK e ‘ bq| AZGe hei`w — ZvjvK cwZZ bv nIqvB nv`xQ m¤§Z|

4. FZzKv‡j ev †bdvm Ae ’vq ZvjvK, mnevmK…Z cweÎ Ae ’vq ZvjvK, mnevmnxb GKB †Zvn‡i GKwÎZ ev c„_K c„_Kfv‡e wZb ZvjvK cÖ`vb Kiv| µz×, cvMj, †eûuk, hei`w¯—, AÁvb, bvevjK ev wb› ªve ’vq D”PvwiZ ev cÖ`Ë ZvjvK‡K ZvjvK MY¨ bv Kivi `jx j mg~n wb gœi ƒ c :

26. Avj-wdK¡ûj Bmjvgx 7/365| 27. hv yj gvÔAv` 5/191; gynvj−v 9/473-74, gvmAvjv bs 1964| 28. wZiwghx, Avey vE`, wgkKvZ nv/3284; Avj-wdK¡ûj Bmjvgx Iqv Avw`j−vZzn~ 7/367;

mb` nvmvb, BiIqv nv/1862, 6/224|

16 (1) Avj−vn e‡jb, ... †Kej H e¨w³ e¨ZxZ hv‡K hei`w¯— Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_P Zvi Aš—i Cgv‡bi e¨vcv‡i wbwðš— i‡q‡QÕ (bvn&j 16/106)| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, wZbwU e¨vcv‡i Kjg DwV‡q †bqv n‡q‡Q (K) Nygš— e¨w³ hZ¶Y bv RvMwiZ nq (L) bvevjK wkï hZ¶Y bv ev‡jM nq (M) Ávbnviv e¨w³ hZ¶Y bv my ’ Ávb wd‡i cvqÕ|29 wZwb AviI e‡jb, ZvjvK †bB I `vmgyw³ †bB ÔBMjvK¡Õ Ae¯’vq|30 Avey `vE` e‡jb, ÔBMjvK¡Õ MvjvK¡ avZz nÕ‡Z Drcbœ| hvi A_© eÜ nIqv| †µvavÜ, cvMj I hei`w —i Ae ’vq gvby‡li ¯vfvweK Ávb I B”Qvkw³ †jvc cvq| ZvB G Ae¯’v‡K ÔBMjvK¡Õ ejv nq (H, nvwkqv)|

Dc‡i ewY©Z Ae ’vi ZvjvK mg~n‡K KziAvb I mybœvn&i †Kv_vI kviC ZvjvK e‡j MY¨ Kiv nqwb| Z_vwc G‡K cieZ©x‡Z ÔZvjv‡K¡ †e`ÔCÕ ev we`ÔAvZx ZvjvK bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges GKwÎZfv‡e wZb ZvjvK

w`‡j H e¨w³ †MvbvnMvi n‡e )��? G��( | wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I ZvjvK n‡q hv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q|31

Dcm snvi :

ì‡m ewY©Z I m~iv‡q Zvjv‡K ewY©Z K‡qKwU Avqv‡Z Avj−vn cvK mKj cÖKvi Zvjv‡Ki e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|32 †hgb (1) mnevmnxb ¯¿x‡K ZvjvK cÖ vb| GB Zvjv‡Ki †Kvb BÏZKvj †bB (2) mnevmK…Z ¯¿x‡K Z…Zxq ZvjvK cÖ`vb| GB ¯¿xi ¯vgxi Dc‡i nvivg n‡q hv‡e, hZ¶Y bv †m wØZxq ¯vgx MÖnY K‡i I †mLvb †_‡K †¯”Qvq ZvjvKcÖvßv nq (3) †Lvjv, hv wZb Zvjv‡Ki evB‡i Ges ¿xi c¶ nÕ‡Z ¯vgxi wbKU †_‡K gv‡ji wewbg‡q †h we‡”Q` msNwUZ nq (4) Zvjv‡K ivRC, †hLv‡b GK ev yyB ZvjvK †Ìqvi c‡i ¯¿x‡K BÏ‡Zi g‡a¨ ev BÏ‡Zi c‡iI ¯vgx †dir wb‡Z cv‡i|

29. Qnxn Avey `vE` nv/3703| 30. Qnxn Avey `vE` nv/1919; Qnxn Beby gvRvn nv/1665; wgkKvZ nv/3285| 31. Kz ~ix, c„t 170; †n`vqv 2/355| 32. Bebyj K¡vBwqg, hv yj gvÔAv` (êi“Z : gyIqvmmvmvZzi wimvjvn 29Zg ms¯‹iY,

1416/1996) 5/224-25|

17 cÖ‡Z¨K Zvjv‡KiB wfbœ wfbœ cªK…wZ I wfbœ wfbœ wbqg-c×wZ i‡q‡Q| †mBme c×wZi evB‡i ZvjvK w`‡j Zv we`ÔAvZ n‡e, hv cÖZ¨vL¨vZ| FZzKvj ev †bdvm Ae¯’vq ZvjvK †Ìqv, GK gRwR‡m wZb ZvjvK †Ìqv ev GKB Zzn‡i c„_Kfv‡e wZb ZvjvK †Ìqv, Dc‡i ewY©Z Pvi cÖKvi Zvjv‡Ki evB‡i m¤ú~Y© we`ÔAvZx cÖ_v| ZvjvK †Kvb †Ljbvi e¯‘ bq †h, G‡K B”QvgZ eënvi Kiv hvq| ZeyI hw` †KD Giƒc K‡i e‡m, ZvnÕ‡j ivm~‡ji hvgvbvq Zv‡K GK Zvjv‡K ivRÔC MY¨ Kiv nÕZ| hv‡Z AbyZß ¯vgx- ¿x cybivq GKwÎZ nÕ‡Z cv‡i Ges ms‡kvab I mg‡SvZvi my‡hvM wb‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ H we`ÔAvZx ZvjvK‡K ev‡qb Zvjv‡Ki K‡Vvi wm×vš— cÖ`vb Kivi d‡j gymwjg cvwievwiK Rxe‡b †b‡g G‡m‡Q Akvwš—i Mvp Abvwbkv| Avi Zv †_‡K wb®K…wZi Rb¨ Zvnjxj-Gi †h c_ evrjv‡bv n‡q‡Q, Zv AviI AÜKvi I AviI †bvsiv| a‡g©i bv‡g cÖKvk¨ e¨wfPv‡ii GB †bvsiv cª_v eÜ Kivi Rb¨ `vwqZ¡kxj Ijvgv‡q †Kivg‡K mvnmx c`‡¶c wb‡q GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| hw` KL‡bv †`‡k Bmjvgx miKvi Av‡m, ZLb Zv‡ì‡K G wel‡q w ’i wm×v‡š— Aek¨B †cuŠQ‡Z n‡e|

me‡k‡l ejv P‡j †h, eZ©gv‡b we‡kl K‡i cvK-fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k GB we`ÔAvZx ZvjvKB cÖvq me©Î Pvjy i‡q‡Q| mybœvZx wbq‡g Zvjv‡Ki LeiB A‡b‡K Rv‡b bv| A ZGe ÔZv njx jÕ -G i K z cÖ _v e Ü Ki‡ Z P v B‡ j G K gRwj‡ m wZ b Z vjv K‡ K wZb Zv jvK MY ¨ K iv i we `Ô A v Zx Z vjv ‡ Ki cÖ_ v A v‡ M eÜ Ki‡ Z n ‡ e Ges RbMY‡K kviC Zvjv‡Ki mylg weavb m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Ki‡Z n‡e| Avj−vn Avgv‡ì ZvIdxK w`b| -Avgxb!!

18

Zv njx j ∗∗∗∗

B?4" B?4f5� 5�� 4(5" B,4*A:4>I� FjF�� FjF�� B.A�4>L� ��B7H�B�B 5=4�F�B? �� 1H�B� :F�B:B" B.A�4>L� 5�� K��A�B�u�F� BK��A�B�H�F� F�A=, "(� �� >(� 8�. lP,�� =-�.=�? ) �. �:

F�B:B" B.A�4>L� 5�� K��A�B�u�F� BK��A�B�H�F� F�A= 8�. �q,.�� O�� (3

B7H�B�B 5=4�F�B? �� L�4>A�B. F��Fj F��Fj I�5,�B? 5"4( F)BfKWA? 4"B?B : 5�4�6��5( 47L�A�5f4QL� FNF��4>L��Fj �5.�B:B�4*A�K�� :B. �B 1F�B(F��Fj 5�� F�4>A� : /L�u�B�A�K�� B>A2F�B:B" B.A�4>L� 5�� K��A�B�u�F�

BK��A�B�H�F� F�A=��f�� =��j �� "*! ��( 7��0� 1WZ�f�� =-�, "(� 8�. 3

A bye v `t (1) Ave yj−vn Be‡b gvmÔE` (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib †h, Avj−vn jvÔbZ K‡i‡Qb nvjvjKvix I hvi Rb¨ nvjvj Kiv nq Dfq e¨w³‡KÕ| Zuvi †_‡K Ab¨ GK eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) jvÔbZ K‡i‡QbÕ..|33 (2) DK¡ev web Av‡gi (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib, Avwg wK †Zvgv‡ì‡K fvov‡U lvuo m¤ú‡K© Lei wè bv? QvnvexMY ej‡jb, Aek¨B †n ivm~jyj−vn| ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, †m nÕj H nvjvjKvix e¨w³| Avj−vn jvÔbZ K‡i‡Qb nvjvjKvix I hvi Rb¨ nvjvj Kiv nq Dfq e¨w³‡KÕ|34

ÔZvnjxjÕ A_© : nvjvj Kiv| cÖPwjZ A‡_© GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK cÖvßv ¯¿x‡K Zvi c~e© ¯vgxi wbK‡U wdwi‡q †Ìqvi Rb¨ wØZxq GKRb‡K ¯í mg‡qi Rb¨ ¯vgx‡Z¡ eiY K‡i mnevm †k‡l ZvjvK wb‡q cÖ_g ¯vgxi Rb¨ Zv‡K nvjvj Kiv| G‡`‡k GB ai‡bi weevn‡K Ôwnj−vÕ weevn ejv nq|

eyj~ j gviv‡gi fvl¨MÖš’ myeyjym mvjvg-Gi †jLK Avj−vgv QvbÔAvbx e‡jb, G nv`xQ nÕj Zvnjxj nvivg nIqvi `jxj| †Kbbv nvivgKvix e¨ZxZ

∗

ÔcÖPwjZ wnj−v cÖ_vÕ bv‡g cÖeÜwU gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK M‡elYv cwÎKvi 4_ el© 5g msL¨vq †deª“qvix 2001-†h Ôì‡m nv`xQÕ Kjv‡g cÖKvwkZ nq|

33. Qnxn bvmvC nv/3198; Qnxn wZiwghx nv/893-94; `v‡igx nv/2258; wgkKvZ nv/3296-97|

34. Beby gvRvn, evqnvK¡x, nv‡Kg, mb` nvmvb; BiIqvDj Mvjxj 6/309-10; hv yj gvÔAv` 5/100-01|

19 A‡bï Dc‡i jvÔbZ Kiv nq bv| Avi cÖ‡Z¨K nvivg e¯‘ wbwl×| GLv‡b wbwl×Zvi `vex nÕj weevn f½ nIqv| ....Zvnjxj-Gi A‡bK¸wj c×wZ †jv‡Kiv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| jvÔbZ-Gi Kvi‡Y mKj cÖKvi c×wZi Zvnjxj ev wnj−v weevn evwZj (dvwm`)|35

wZiwghxi fvl¨Kvi Ave yi ingvb gyeviKcyix e‡jb, Zv‡eCb QvovI gyRZvwn` dK¡xn‡ì g‡a¨ kv‡dC, Avngv`, BmnvK¡, mywdqvb QvIix, Avãyj−vn Be‡b gyeviK cÖgyL mevB D³ nv`x‡Qi Dc‡i Avgj K‡i Zvnjxj‡K nvivg e‡j‡Qb I Gi Dc‡iB Zuv‡ì drIqv i‡q‡Q|

c¶vš—‡i Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (int) I Zuvi wklë„›` Zvnjxj‡K Rv‡qh †i‡L‡Qb Ges gvbbxq Ô†n`vqvÕ †jLK D³ nv`xQ Øviv `jxj G‡b‡Qb| AZtci †n`vqv-i fvl¨Kvi Avj−vgv hvqjvÔC hyw³ †`wL‡q‡Qb †h,

FG�F� 4>F�F& u�B�K�5� A|5fK�A�K�� B>A2 F�u�B�A�K�� HG�5� 5[�F<e�� 5)6�5� B1F�B? H�B� T�u�B�A, A8�6�B� �6�F�T�u�B�A, A8�6�B� �B�F� ��5��F&3

ÔhLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) H e¨w³‡K nvjvjKvix e‡j‡Qb, ZLb GUvB ÔZvnjxjÕ-Gi weevn wm× nIqvi `jxj| †Kbbv nvjvjKvix e¨w³ c~e© ¯vgxi Rb¨ Zvi ¯¿x‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡i| AZGe hw` Zvnjxj-Gi weevn evwZj nÕZ, ZvnÕ‡j H e¨w³‡K nvjvjKvix ejv nÕZ bvÕ|36 wZiwghxi fvl¨Kvi Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvk¥xix Avidzk kvhx‡Z e‡jb, Avgv‡ì wbK‡U cÖwm× K_v GB †h, Zvnjxj-Gi kZ©wU cvchy&³ nÕ‡jI weevn wm× n‡e|.... Avgv‡ì †Kvb †Kvb wKZv‡e i‡q‡Q †h, hw` kã D”Pvi‡Yi gva¨‡g ¿x‡K wdwi‡q †Ìqvi kZ© bv Kiv nq, ZvnÕ‡jI GKRb gymjgvb fvB‡qi DcKvi Kivi Rb¨ nvjvjKvix e¨w³ QIqv‡ei AwaKvix n‡eÕ| eis †Kvb †Kvb nvbvdx MÖ‡š’ cwi®‹vi ejv Av‡Q †h, Df‡qi g‡a¨ wdwi‡q †Ìqvi kZ© _vK‡jI nvjvjKvix e¨w³ QIqv‡ei AwaKvix n‡e ).>-�, =$�( Zv‡ì ga¨Kvi (cvwievwiK) ÔBQjvnÕ ev ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨| ej‡ZwK G

35. myeyjym mvjvg nv/936; 4/2969| 36. bvQeyi ivÕqvn (gvKZvev Bmjvwgq¨vn, 2q ms®‹iY 1393/1973), c„t 240|

20 cÖ_vB G‡`‡k (Dcgnv‡`‡k) Pvjy Av‡Q Ges Zviv Gi gva¨‡g †bKxi KvR Ki‡Qb e‡j g‡b K‡i _v‡Kb|37

Rev‡e ejv P‡j †h, nv`x‡Q ÔnvjvjKvixÕ K_vwU ejv n‡q‡Q nvjvjKvix e¨w³i wbR¯ aviYv Abyhvqx| hwÌ GwU Avj−vn&i wbK‡U nvivg| †hgb gykwiK I we`ÔAvZxiv †bKxi KvR g‡b K‡iB wkiK I we`ÔAvZ mg~n K‡i _vwK| hwÌ †m¸wj Avj−vn&i wbK‡U nvivg| †Kbbv †h e¨w³ Zvnjxj K‡i, †m †mªd GB wbq‡ZB K‡i †h, Gi gva¨‡g H gwnjvwU‡K Zvi c~e© ¯vgxi wbK‡U wd‡i hvevi c_ Ly‡j †`‡e Ges Zv‡K Zvi Rb¨ AvBbwm× K‡i †`‡e| gy‡L ejyK ev bv ejyK kZ© Ki“K ev bv Ki“K, cÖPwjZ Zvnjxj ev wnj−v weevn gv‡bB nÕj GUv| Zvnjxj KL‡bvB ’vqx weevn bq| GwU †mªd A ’vqx I mvgwqK weevn| AZGe kixÔAv‡Zi „wó‡Z G‡K weevn ejv Ab¨vq|

Zv njxj -Gi ûKzg :

Beby Igi (ivt) e‡jb, Avgiv ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbvq GwU‡K C[�FX5� ev Ô†hbv e‡j MY¨ KiZvgÕ| wZwb e‡jb, Giv yÕR‡bB e¨wfPvix| hwÌ Zviv 20 eQi hveZ ¯vgx-¯¿x bv‡g w`b hvcb K‡iÕ|38 Igi dviƒK (ivt) ej‡Zb, ÔnvjvjKvixÕ e¨w³ ev hvi Rb¨ nvjvj Kiv n‡q‡Q, Ggb KvD‡K Avbv nÕ‡j Avwg Zv‡K †mªd ÔiRgÕ Kie|39 A_©vr e¨wfPvixi kvw¯—i b¨vq eyK ch©š— gvwU‡Z cyu‡Z AZtci cv_i †g‡i gv_v dvwU‡q †kl K‡i †è|

Bebyj K¡vBwqg (int) e‡jb, Zvnjxj-Gi mgq gy‡L kZ© Ki“K ev bv Ki“K, g`xbvevmx we×vbgÊjx Ges Avnjyj nv`xQ I Zv‡ì dK¡xn‡ì wbK‡U H weevn evwZj| †Kbbv GB mvgwqK evwn¨K weevn wg_¨v I †auvKv Qvov Avi wKQzB bq| Avj−vn †cÖwiZ kixÔAv‡Z GUv wm× bq Ges GUv †Kvb wKQz‡K wm× Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kbbv Gi ¶wZKvwiZv Kv‡iv wbK‡U †Mvcb bqÕ|

37. ZzndvZzj Avn&Iqvhx kviû wZiwghx nv/1129-Gi fvl¨, 4/264-67; Aviex wgkKvZ c„t

284 UxKv-13| 38. Z¡vevivYx, evqnvK¡x, nv‡Kg, BiIqv nv/1898, 6/311| 39. Bebyj gybwhi, gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqev, gyQvbœvd Avãyi ivhhvK; wdKûm mybœvn 2/134|

21 Bgvg Beby Zvqwgqvn (int) e‡jb, Avj−vn&i Øxb cweÎ I cwi”Qbœ| Zv KL‡bvB nvivg cš’vq †Kvb bvix‡K nvjvj Kivi AbygwZ †`q bv| hZ¶Y †Kvb cï ¯fv‡ei cyi“l‡K Ôfvov‡U luvoÕ wnmv‡e D³ Kv‡R eënvi bv Kiv nq| wZwb e‡jb, wKfv‡e †Kvb nvivg e¯‘ Ab¨‡K nvjvj Ki‡Z cv‡i? wKfv‡e †Kvb AcweÎ e¯‘ Ab¨‡K cweÎ Ki‡Z cv‡i?

mvBwq` mvweK¡ e‡jb, ÔGUvB mwVK K_v Ges GK_vB e‡jb, Bgvg gv‡jK Avngv`, QvIix, Avnjyh hv‡ni Ges Ab¨vb¨ dK¡xnMY| †hgb nvmvb eQix, Beivnxg bvLC, K¡vZv`vn, jvBQ, Bebyj gyeviK cÖgyL| c¶vš—‡i Bgvg Avey nvbxdv I hydvi (int) e‡jb, Zvnjxj-Gi mgq hw` kZ© K‡i ZvnÕ‡j weevn wm× n‡e| Z‡e Zv gvKiƒn n‡e| †Kbbv Ab¨vq k‡Z©i Rb¨ weevn evwZj nÕ‡Z cv‡i bv| Bgvg Avey BDmyd (int)-Gi g‡Z D³ weevn evwZj (dvwm`) n‡e| †Kbbv GwU mvgwqK weevn (hv kviC weev‡ni D‡Ïk¨ we‡ivax)| Bgvg gynv¤§v` (int)-Gi g‡Z weevn wm× n‡e| Z‡e c~e© ¯vgxi Rb¨ ¿x nvjvj n‡e bvÕ|40 †gvU K_v KziAv‡b ewY©Z wbqgvbymv‡i wZb Zzn‡i wZb ZvjvK †Ìqvi c‡i ¯¿x †¯”Qvq Ab¨ ¯vgx MÖnY Ki‡e|

AZtci hw` KL‡bv †mB ¯vgx †¯”Qvq ZvjvK †`q Ges c~e© ¯vgx Zv‡K cybivq AvMÖ‡ni mv‡_ MÖnY Ki‡Z Pvq, ZLbB †Kej H ¿x Zvi cÖ_g ¯vgxi wbK‡U bZzb weev‡ni gva¨‡g †diZ Avm‡Z cv‡i| G e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb nxjv-evnvbv I †KŠkj K‡i ÔZvnjxjÕ bvgK †bvsiv cš’vi Avkªq wb‡q c~e© ¯vgxi wbK‡U wd‡i Avmvi †Kvb my‡hvM Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~j (Qvt) †`bwb| hwÌ Dcgnv‡`‡k GB †bvsiv cÖ_vB Pj‡Q Bmjv‡gi bv‡g I KziAvb-mybœvn&i †`vnvB w`‡q| A_P ev¯—‡e GwU Pvjy n‡q‡Q D¤§‡Zi GKwU `‡ji gvhnvex ZvK¡jx‡ì ytLRbK cwiYwZ wnmv‡e| †hgb-

wgkKv‡Zi evsjv Abyev`K b~i †gvnv¤§v` AvRgx D³ nv`x‡Qi (bs 4062, 6/323 c„t) e¨vL¨vq e‡jb, Aci nv`x‡Q nvjvjKvix‡K av‡ii lvuo ejv n‡q‡Q| †Kn Kvnv‡iv wZb ZvjvK †Ìqv bvix G k‡Z© weevn Kwij †h, †m mnevm Kwiqv Qvwoqv w`‡e hvnv‡Z cÖ_©g ¯vgx weevn Kwi‡Z cv‡i- GB e¨w³‡K Ôgynv‡j−jÕ nvjvjKvix e‡j| Bgvg Avey nvwbdvi g‡Z GBiƒc 40. wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/135-36|

22 weevn Rv‡qR, Z‡e gvKiƒn Zvnwigx| wKš‘ Bgvg Avey BDQyd, gv‡jK (GKgZ Abymv‡i kv‡dqx) I Bgvg Avng‡ì g‡Z GBiƒc weevn dv‡Q`| cÖ_g ¯vgxi c‡¶ H bvixi weevn Rv‡qh b‡n| nuv, k‡Z© Ave× bv nBqv hw` †Kn cÖ_g ¯vgxi DcKviv‡_© weevn K‡i Ges c‡i Qvwo‡q †`q Zvnv‡Z †m cyY¨ jvf Kwi‡e| nv`xQ Zvi cÖwZ cÖ‡hvR¨ b‡nÕ|

ˆmq` Aveyj AvÔjv gI ~ x ÔZvnjxjÕ ev cvZv‡bv we‡q m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jb †h, ÔG ai‡bi we‡q‡Z Av‡M †_‡KB kZ© _v‡K †h, bvix‡K Zvi c~e© ¯vgxi Rb¨ nvjvj Kivi wbwg‡Ë GK e¨w³ Zv‡K we‡q Ki‡e Ges mnevm Kivi ci ZvjvK w`‡e| Bgvg Avey BDmy‡di (int) g‡Z G ai‡bi kZ©hy³ we‡q Av‡`Š êa nq bv| Bgvg Avey nvbxdvi (in:) g‡Z Gfv‡e Zvnjxj n‡q hv‡e, Z‡e KvRwU gvKiƒn Zvnwigx ev nvivg ch©v‡qi gvKiƒnÕ| Gic‡i wZwb (ì‡m ewY©Z) `yÕwU nv`xQ G‡b †Kvbiƒc gš—e¨ QvovB Av‡jvPbv †kl K‡i‡Qb|41

41. Zvdnxgyj KziAvb e½vbyev` 17/207-8|

23 Zv njxj -Gi Kv iY :

mvgwqK D‡ËRbvi e‡k A_ev AÁZv e‡k ¯vgx KL‡bv ¯¿x‡K wZb ZvjvK GK‡Î w`‡q e‡m| d‡j Zvjv‡Ki msL¨vMZ mxgv †kl nIqvi Kvi‡Y Zvi Aby‡kvPbv Qvov Avi wKQzB Kivi _v‡K bv| GgZve¯’vq ¿xi †cÖg, mš—v‡bi gvqv I msmv‡ii k„sLjv i¶vi ¯v‡_© †m ¯¿x‡K wd‡i cvIqvi Rb¨ GKmgq gwiqv n‡q I‡V| Iw`‡K ¯¿xi Ae¯’v nq Av‡iv Ki“Y| †Pv‡Li cvwb Qvov Zvi Avi wKQzB ejvi _v‡K bv| wbR nv‡Z mvRv‡bv msmv‡ii gvqv Zv‡K cvMwjbx K‡i †d‡j| Df‡qi GB bvhyK gvbwmK Ae¯’vi †cÖw¶‡Z Zviv ¯vgx-¯¿x cybwg©j‡bi Rb¨ †h‡Kvb KvR Ki‡Z ivhx n‡q hvq| Avi Gmg‡qB ÔZvnjxjÕ-Gi †bvsiv c×wZ †ck Kiv nq a‡g©i bv‡g| hv Zviv B”Qvi wei“‡× Keyj K‡i †bq|

mg‡ S vZ v i we a v b :

Zvjv‡Ki kviC c×wZ wnmv‡e KziAvb I nv`x‡Q ¯vgx‡K Kgc‡¶ wZb gvm fveevi AeKvk †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| hv‡Z BÏ‡Zi g‡a¨B Df‡qi g‡a¨ GKUv mg‡SvZvi c_ †ewi‡q hvq| GQvovI Dfq cwiev‡ii ev cwiev‡ii evB‡i GK GK Rb cÖwZwbwa wb‡q mg‡SvZv êVK Kivi wb‡ ©kI m~iv wbmv 35 Avqv‡Z †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb,

KG5S �BZ5�42F� 4"e, T��F<B!B 5=5�42F� 4"e, T��F<B! K�>L�B:4(�F& �B�5Z5�4�B( B�FW5� 47A�KX5Q KG5SB4 5�A �B�4�5�B? FG�F� B=Y�� HG5S �B�AZB�4�B( A=Y�� 5nu&B>A T�!F�4�5S4�5fBQ T��T��-

ÔAvi hw` †Zvgiv ¯vgx-¯¿xi g‡a¨ m¤úK© wQbœ nevi AvksKv Ki, ZvnÕ‡j ¯vgxi cwievi †_‡K GKRb I ¯¿xi cwievi †_‡K GKRb kvwjm †cÖiY Ki| hw` Zviv Df‡q gxgvsmv Kvgbv K‡i, ZvnÕ‡j Avj−vn Zv‡ì‡K mnvqZv Ki‡eb| wbðqB Avj−vn me©Á I mewKQz AewnZÕ (wbmv 4/35)| e ‘Zt Dfq c‡¶i ~i`kx© I Avj−vnfxi“ AwffveKMY A_ev †Kvb kw³kvjx wbi‡c¶ ms¯’v Ges m‡e©vcwi ivóªxq ms¯’vi c‡¶ miKvi GB

`vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb| †Kbbv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib, �4A�B�B�4�� 5GSF�ZF� 615�B FN 4"6, �15�B LG�F�K�p*��F&3

24 Ôhw` Zviv Av‡cv‡l SMov K‡i, ZvnÕ‡j kvmbKZ©v AwffveK n‡eb H e¨w³i Rb¨, hvi †Kvb AwffveK †bBÕ|42

Zvjv‡Ki D³ kviC cš’v Aej¤b Ki‡j ¯vgx-¯¿x‡K Gfv‡e †Pvivc_ Zvjvk Ki‡Z nÕZ bv| GK ev yB ZvjvK w`‡q †i‡L w`‡j BÏ‡Zi g‡a¨ wdwi‡q wb‡q ev BÏZ P‡j †M‡j bZzb weev‡ni gva¨‡g Zviv cybivq wgwjZ nÕ‡Z cviZ| e¯‘Zt Bmjv‡gi †Ìqv GB weavbB †Kej hyw³ m¤§Z I f‡ ªvwPZ cš’v| G¶‡Y cÖkœ nÕj hw` †KD kviC cš’v ev` w`‡q we`ÔAvZx cš’vq GK gRwj‡m wZb ZvjvK GKwÎZfv‡e ev GKB Zzn‡i wZb ZvjvK c„_K c„_Kfv‡e w`‡q †`q, ZvÕn‡j Zvi ¿x wPiZ‡i ZvjvK n‡e wK-bv|

G K wÎZ wZ b Z vjvK

KziAvbx bxwZ Abyhvqx wZb Zzn‡i ZvjvK bv w`‡q hw` †KD Ab¨vqfv‡e GKB mv‡_ wZb ZvjvK †`q, Z‡e †m ZvjvK eZ©v‡e wK-bv, G wel‡q weØvbM‡Yi gZ‡f`‡K Pvifv‡M wef³ Kiv hvq| G K`j we Ø v b e‡ jb , Gi Øviv wKQzB eZ©v‡e bv| 2 q `j e ‡ jb , wZb ZvjvK cwZZ n‡e| wKš‘ H e¨w³ †MvbvnMvi n‡e| 3q `j e ‡ jb , mnevmK…Z bvixi Dc‡i wZb ZvjvK eZ©v‡e I mnevmnxb bvixi Dc‡i GK ZvjvK eZ©v‡e| 4 _© ` j e ‡ jb , GK ZvjvK ivRÔC n‡e| wb‡gœ Pvi `‡ji e³e¨ mg~n ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvwPZ nÕj|-

1g `‡ ji `j xj mg ~n : Zuv‡ì g~j `jxj (K) m~iv‡q evK¡vivn 228-29 I m~iv‡q ZvjvK 1g I 2q AvqvZ| AZtci (L) nv`x‡Qi `jxj nÕj-

5=4�F�B? �� 1H�B� 5�� 5�4>A�B. 5�4ZB? 15& C�5~�B! B152B A=B�sRB�4,� BnH�F A=6$F� B�B�A? 5"4(� 5"B?F��FWF& /B\5�Fo 4"B? B7H�B�B 5=4�F�B? �� 1H�B� 5� F�4>A�B. A�B�A? F�F�B*F& B7H�B�B : A84�A,

B� 16�B! �BZK<5*4�A�5� 67Lh /�BZ4:5-�B�A�K�F& B\B*4,F� st�B� KG5S 67Lh B�AZK�B� 67Lh B�4�5�B� 67Lh /B�AZK� nX�, /�t�B*e�� BZF� BnH�F�A� KGF� �� B�B,F� 415�H�� Lv6�5:K�� B\K�5�5& /6�B�B KG� F�4fFj BnH�F KG5SB A�4:B(

=��?3 42. Qnxn Avey vE` nv/1835; wZiwghx, Beby gvRvn cÖf„wZ; BiIqv nv/1840, 6/243|

25

l.�Vf�� I) �. � :7�*� ) �. 5� /�)FW4�5�K�B� 4|Bf5*A!B:B�B�A? A"4( 5�� A�4fB? ��Fj :F��FjB /T�U4�B� �B2B�B 47F�B 61�B? �B26�B�F& :4\5*4�A�5� 4F� 4nu�F�A�K�F& 4]B�AZF F�o5S3

ÔAvãyj−vn Be‡b Igi (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbvq ¯xq ¿x‡K FZzKvjxb mg‡q ZvjvK †`b| ZLb Igi (ivt) D³ wel‡q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K wR‡Ám K‡ib| wZwb Igi (ivt)-†K e‡jb, Avcwb Avãyj−vn&‡K ejyb †hb †m Zvi ¿x‡K wdwi‡q †bq I N‡i iv‡L cieZ©x Zzni ch©š—| AZtci †m cybivq FZzeZ©x n‡e I FZzgy³ n‡e| ZLb B”Qv Ki‡j †m Zv‡K †i‡L w`‡e A_ev mnev‡mi c~‡e©B ZvjvK w`‡e| GUvB nÕj BÏZ ZvjvKcÖvßv bvix‡ì Rb¨, hv Avj−vn wba©viY K‡i‡QbÕ (eyLvix I gymwjg)| eyLvixi Aci eY©bvq G‡m‡Q ÔFZzKvjxb Ae¯’vi D³ ZvjvK‡K GK ZvjvK MY¨ Kiv nqÕ| gymwjg-Gi Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, Ave yj−vn Be‡b Igi e‡jb, AZtci Avj−vni ivm~j (Qvt) ¯¿x‡K Avgvi wbK‡U wdwi‡q w`‡jb Ges ÔwZwb GUv‡K wKQzB MY¨ Ki‡jb bvÕ Ges ej‡jb, hLb †m FZzgy³ n‡e, ZLb Zv‡K ZvjvK `vI A_ev †i‡L `vIÕ|43

A_©vr Beby Igi (ivt) FZzKvjxb mg‡q ¯¿x‡K ZvjvK w`‡j Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt) Zv‡K wdwi‡q wb‡Z e‡jb Ges ÔwZwb GUv‡K wKQzB MY¨ K‡ibwbÕ (Avngv`, Avey `vE`, bvmvC)| †Kbbv GwU wbqg ewnf~©Z wQj| wbqg nÕj ¿x‡K Zvi cweÎZvi ïi“‡Z mnevmnxb Ae ’vq ZvjvK cÖ`vb Kiv| 44

Abyiƒcfv‡e mybœvZx ZixKvi evB‡i GKwÎZfv‡e wZb ZvjvK w`‡j Zv‡K wKQzB MY¨ Kiv n‡e bv|

D‡j−L¨ †h, Beby Igi (ivt)-Gi wbR¯ ivq GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK MY¨ Kivi c‡¶ wQj e‡j †KD †KD gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ GUvI ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb c‡i Zvi D³ ivq nÕ‡Z cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib Ges wZb ZvjvK‡K GK ZvjvK MY¨ K‡ibÕ (†hgb Dc‡i D‡j−wLZ eyLvixi Aci eY©bvq FZzKvjxb ZvjvK‡K GK ZvjvK MY¨ Kivi K_v G‡m‡Q)|45

43. eyj~ j gvivg nv/1006| 44. wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/296| 45. nvwkqv gynvj−v 9/394|

26 ZvQvov ÔQvnvexi gid~ †iIqvqvZ Zvi wbR¯ gZvg‡Zi wecix‡Z MÖnYxq n‡q _v‡KÕ|46

(M) GUv we`ÔAvZ e‡j MY¨ n‡e, Avi we`ÔAvZ me© v cªZ¨vL¨vZ|

ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Gikv` K‡ib, B,4"F& �B$A�4,F� 5=4�F�B? B�4�F� T�B�B? F�5�B? AZB> B.��/ Ô†h e¨w³ Ggb KvR Kij, †h wel‡q Avgv‡ì †Kvb wb‡ ©k †bB, Zv

cÖZ¨vL¨vZÕ|47 ZvQvov 5.�6�� 415& I)F�F�B{ M�L�B �)F�F�B{ I)B?4�5( M�L�B3 Ôwe`ÔAv‡Zi GKgvÎ cwiYvg nÕj åóZv| Avi åóZvi cwiYvg RvnvbœvgÕ|48

gš—e¨: †h‡nZz GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK cweÎ KziAvb I ivm~jyj−vn (Qv:)-Gi mybœvZ ewnf©~Z †m‡nZz Zv we`ÔAvZ I cÖZ¨vL¨vZ|

ÔwKQzB MY¨ K‡ibwbÕ A_© wew”QbœKvix ZvjvK MY¨ K‡ibwb| eis GK Zvjv‡K ivRÔC MY¨ K‡i‡Qb, hv eyLvixi Aci eY©bvq G‡m‡Q Ges hv

Dc‡i ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Beby Zvqwgqvn e‡jb, =�~�W� J�: N ��f, �>j �P2/G�*!�( 7� �:(�� )(��@�� ", �� ÔGwU m¤ú~Y© bZzb K_v| Qvnvev I Zv‡eC‡bi Kvi“ wbKU †_‡K Giƒc K_v †kvbv hvqwbÕ|49

2 q `‡ ji `jx j mg~n :

GB `j e‡jb, GKwÎZ wZb Zvjv‡K wZb ZvjvKB cwZZ n‡e| wKš‘ H

e¨w³ †MvbvnMvi n‡e )��5��B? FGF��B�( | Aek¨ Bgvg hydvi-Gi g‡Z wZb ZvjvK cwZZ n‡e bv| eis c„_K c„_Kfv‡e cwZZ n‡e| †Kbbv GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK †Ìqv we`ÔAvZ|50

Zviv KziAvbx AvqvZmg~‡ni e¨vL¨v †`b Gfv‡e †h, KziAv‡b DËg cš’vwU ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Zvi A_© GUv bq †h, Gi wecixZUv Ki‡j ZvjvK n‡e bv| KziAvbx wb‡ ©‡ki we‡ivax nÕ‡jI wKZve, mybœvn, BRgv, AvQvi I wK¡qvm

46. wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/296| 47. eyLvix I gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/140| 48. bvmvC nv/1579 ÔC`v‡q‡bi Lyrev wKfv‡e w`‡Z n‡eÕ Aby‡”Q`| 49. gvRg~ÔAv dvZvIqv Be‡b Zvqwgqvn 33/82| 50. †n`vqv 2/355; Kz ~ix c„t 170; ki‡n †eKvqv 2/63; wgiK¡vZ 6/293|

27 Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq †h, G Ae ’vq wZb ZvjvK n‡e (Avj-wdK¡ûj Bmjvgx 7/410)| †hgb-

(1) m~iv‡q evK¡vivn 236 Avqv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, 4"5, A=F� M�5�B� F�F& �BZFWH�F KG5EF&A8B�4�Fa ��-4Bb BO5<4�B� 16�B! A�4:B(3 Ôhw` †m Zvi ¯¿x‡K ZvjvK †`q, Z‡e Zvi Rb¨

Zv Avi nvjvj bq, hZ¶Y bv ¯¿x Ab¨ ¯vgx‡K weevn K‡iÕ|

AÎ Avqv‡Z GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK ev c„_K c„_K wZb ZvjvK, G wel‡q †Kvb e¨vL¨v †Ìqv nqwb|51 ZvQvov 229 Avqv‡Zi †k‡l ejv n‡q‡Q, Ôhviv Avj−vn&i mxgv‡iLv AwZµg K‡i, Zviv hv‡jgÕ| wKš‘ GKwÎZfv‡e wZb ZvjvK †Ìqv‡K ÔnvivgÕ ejv nqwb|52 AZGe GK gRwj‡m wZb ZvjvK w`‡j wZb ZvjvK-B Kvh©Kix n‡e|

Re v e : (K) evK¡vivn 229-230 Ges m~iv‡q ZvjvK¡ 1-2 AvqvZ BÏZ Abyhvqx c„_K c„_Kfv‡e ZvjvK †Ìqvi ¯úó `jxj (L) Qnxn nv`xQ mg~‡n c„_K c„_Kfv‡e ZvjvK †Ìqvi ¯úó weavb I e¨vL¨v G‡m‡Q (M) mxgv jsNb KivUvB wbwl× nIqvi eo `jxj| †hgb Ab¨Î ejv n‡q‡Q, Ôhviv wbR ¯¿x I `vmx e¨ZxZ Ab¨‡K Kvgbv K‡i, Zviv mxgv jsNbKvixÕ (gywgb~b 23/6-7)|Gi A_© wK ZvnÕ‡j Ab¨ gwnjvi m‡½ †hbv Kiv nvjvj n‡e? (bvEhywej−vn)| (N) ZvjvK w`‡jB hw` ¿x nvivg n‡q hvq, ZvnÕ‡j D³ Avqv‡Zi Aax‡b FZz Ae¯’vi ZvjvK, mnevmK…Z cweÎ Ae ’vi ZvjvK MY¨ n‡e wK? Abyiƒcfv‡e GK gRwj‡m GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvKI MY¨ n‡e bv|

(2) ÔIqvBwgi ÔAvRjvbx ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Dcw¯’wZ‡Z Zuvi wb‡ ©‡ki c~‡e©B ¯xq ¯¿x‡K wZb ZvjvK †`b|53 G¶‡Y hw` GK mv‡_ wZb ZvjvK †ÌqvUv ¸bv‡ni KvR nÕZ, ZvnÕ‡j ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Dnv ¯xKvi K‡i wb‡Zb bv|

51. hv yj gvÔAv` 5/230| 52. wgiK¡vZ 6/293| 53. eyLvix I gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/3304 ÔwjÔAvbÕ Aby‡”Q`|

28 Re v e : GLv‡b ¯vgxi c¶ †_‡K ¿xi wei“‡× †hbvi Awf‡hvM wQj Ges †jÔAv‡bi NUbv wQj| wbqg nÕj: Dfqc‡¶ †jÔAv‡bi d‡j mv‡_ mv‡_ weevn we‡”Q` N‡U hvq| c„_Kfv‡e ZvjvK †Ìqvq †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| AZGe mvaviY Ae ’vi Zvjv‡Ki m‡½ †jÔAvb‡K Zzjbv Kiv P‡j bv| GB mgq wZb ZvjvK ejvUv evûj¨ K_v gvÎ| ZvQvov eyLvixi eY©bvq G‡m‡Q Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wb‡`‡k©i Av‡MB †m wZb ZvjvK †`qÕ| AZGe Gi †Kvb Kvh©KvwiZv †bB|

(3) Av‡qkv (ivt) eY©bv K‡ib †h, widvÔAvn Zvi ¿x‡K wZb ZvjvK †`b| AZtci ¿x Ab¨Î weevn K‡i| wKš‘ †mLv‡bI ZvjvKcÖvßv nq| ZLb H gwnjv Zvi c~e© ¯vgxi mv‡_ cybivq weevwnZ nÕ‡Z cvi‡e wK-bv, G wel‡q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wbK‡U G‡m wR‡Ám Kiv nÕ‡j wZwb e‡jb, ÔhZ¶Y bv †m wØZxq ¯vgxi mv‡_ mnevm Ki‡eÕ|54

Re v e : D³ nv`x‡Q GK gRwj‡m wZb Zvjv‡Ki K_v †bB| eis †m Zv‡K ¯vfvweK wbq‡g wZb Zzn‡i wZb ZvjvK w`‡qwQj e‡jB eyS‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv ivm~‡ji hvgvbvq Ôev‡qb ZvjvKÕ ej‡Z wZb Zzn‡i ZvjvKB eySv‡Zv|

(4) Avey nvd&Q Bebyj gyMxivn Avj-gvLh~gx Zvi ¯¿x dv‡Zgv web‡Z K¡v‡qm‡K wZb ZvjvK w`‡q Lvwj` Beby Iqvjx` (ivt)-Gi mv‡_ Bqvgb P‡j hvb| ZLb D³ ¯¿x ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wbK‡U G‡m wR‡Ám Ki‡jb BÏZ cvjbKv‡j Zvi †Lvi‡cvl m¤ú‡K©| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ej‡jb, GB mg‡q Zvi Rb¨ †Kvb †Lvi‡cvl †bB| Z‡e hw` Zzwg Mf©eZx nIÕ (A_©vr mš—vb cÖme nIqv ch©š— Zzwg †Lvi‡cvl cv‡e)| 55

Re v e : AÎ nv`x‡Q GK gRwj‡m wZb Zvjv‡Ki †Kvb K_v †bB| eis Ab¨ eY©bvq ÔAvjevËvZvÕ kã G‡m‡Q| hv Øviv ev‡qb ZvjvK eySv‡bv nq| Avi wZb ZvjvK ev‡qb cÖvßv ¯¿xi Rb¨ ¯vgxi c¶ nÕ‡Z †Kvb †Lvi‡cv‡li `vwqZ¡ †bB|

54. eyLvix I gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/3295| 55. gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/3324|

29

(L) gymwjg-Gi eY©bvq (nv/1480) cwi®‹vi G‡m‡Q I]�W�� 5xF�Fh B�5QF� Ô†kl Z…Zxq ZvjvKÕ e‡j| AZGe GwU †h wZb gv‡m wZb ZvjvK wQj, Zv‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n †bBÕ|56

(5) ÔDev`vn web QvwgZ (ivt) e‡jb, Avgvi `v`v Zvi ¯¿x‡K GKm‡½ 1000 ZvjvK †`b| ZLb Avgvi AveŸv ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi ìev‡i †M‡jb| ivm~j (Qvt) Zv‡K ej‡jb, †Zvgvi `v`v ZvjvK †Ìqvi mgq Avj−vn‡K fq K‡iwb| Zvi AwaKv‡i gvÎ wZbwU| evKx 997wU evovevwo I hyjg n‡q‡Q| Avj−vn PvB‡j Zv‡K Avhve w`‡eb, PvB‡j ¶gv Ki‡ebÕ|57

Re v e : nv`xQwU hCd I gIh~|58

(6) Avãyj−vn web Igi (ivt) Zvui ¯¿x‡K FZz Ae ’vq ZvjvK †`b| AZtci evKx yB FZzi mgq evKx yB ZvjvK w`‡Z D`¨Z nb| GLei ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Kv‡b †M‡j wZwb e‡jb, †n Avãyj−vn! Gfv‡e Avj−vn †Zvgv‡K wb‡ ©k †`bwb| wbðqB Zzwg wbq‡g fyj K‡iQ (A_©vr ¯¿x‡K cweÎ Ae¯’vq ZvjvK w`‡Z n‡e)| ...ZLb Be‡b Igi ej‡jb, †n ivm~j (Qvt)! hw` Avwg wZb ZvjvK w`Zvg, ZvnÕ‡j wK ¿x‡K wdwi‡q wb‡Z cviZvg? ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, bv| †m c„_K n‡q †hZ Ges †Zvgvi †Mvbvn nÕZÕ (`vivKzrbx)|

Re v e : nv`xQwU gybKviÕ| Qnxn nv`xQ mg~‡n Gi wecixZ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|59

(7) Avbvm (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z, ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, †h e¨w³ we`ÔAvZx cš’vq ZvjvK w`‡e, Avgiv Zvi we`ÔAvZ‡K Zvi Dci Acwinvh© K‡i †èÕ|

Re v e : nv`xQwU gybKviÕ|60

56. hv yj gvÔAv` 5/204| 57. Z¡vivivbx, gyQvbœvd Avãyi ivhhvK, gyQvbœvd Beby Avex kvqevn| 58. wmjwmjv hvCdv nv/1211| 59. gynvj−v 9/392 UxKv; `vivKzrbx, BiIqv nv/2054, nv/2054, 7/119| 60. gynvj−v 9/393 UxKv|

30 (8) Igi (ivt) †LjvdZKv‡j e‡jb, †jv‡Kiv Zvjv‡Ki e¨vcvi Lye Rj`x Ki‡Q| A_P †m Kv‡R Zv‡ì AeKvk †Ìqv n‡qwQj| G¶‡Y hw` †KD Giƒc Rj`x K‡i, Z‡e Avgiv Zvi Dc‡i †mUv Rvwi K‡i †èÕ|61

Re v e : GwU wQj Igi (ivt)-Gi BR‡Znv` gvÎ| Zv Øviv ivRÔC ZvjvK-Gi KziAvbx c×wZ‡K evwZj Kiv hvq bv| Igi (ivt) GwU K‡iwQ‡jb †jvK‡ì fq †`Lvevi Rb¨ mvgwqK K‡VviZv wnmv‡e| wKš‘ G‡Z Zvi D‡Ïk¨ †gv‡UB nvwQj nqwb weavq g„Zz i c~‡e© wZwb jw¾Z n‡q ytL cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb|62

Lyj vd v‡ q i v‡ k `x‡ bi BRwZ nv` c h© v‡ j vPbv :

Abyiƒcfv‡e AviI BRwZnv`x NUbvmg~n i‡q‡Q| †hgb g`¨ cvbKvix‡K Igi dviƒK (ivt) 80 †eZ gv‡ib| Zvi gv_v gyÊb K‡ib I †`kQvov K‡ib| A_P ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †mªd 40 †eZ †g‡iwQ‡jb|63 AveyeKi (ivt) R‰bK cvqyKvgx‡K Ges Avjx (ivt) Zuv‡K ÔAvj−vn&i AeZviÕ `vexKvix GK `j wh›`xK¡‡K Rxeš— cywo‡q †g‡iwQ‡jb| A_P Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt) †Kvb cÖvYx‡K Av¸‡b cywo‡q gvi‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| Qvnvev‡q †Kivg Mfv©e ’v †`‡LB †hbvi kvw¯— Ges g‡ì MÜ †c‡qB g`¨cv‡bi kvw — w`‡qwQ‡jb mv¶xi A‡c¶v K‡ibwb|64

g`xbvi evRv‡i †jvK mgvMg e„w× cvIqv IQgvb MYx (ivt) RygÔAvi Lyrevi mgq g~j Avhv‡bi c~‡e© ÔhvIivÕ evRv‡i Av‡iKwU Avhv‡bi cÖPjb Ki‡jb (eyLvix, wgkKvZ nv/1404)| Ggwbfv‡e wLjvd‡Z ivwk`vn&i hy‡M mgq I †cÖw¶Z we‡ePbvq BRwZnv‡ì wfwË‡Z A‡bK wKQz cÖkvmwbK wb‡ ©k mvgwqKfv‡e Rvwi Kiv n‡qwQj| c¶vš—‡i Gjvnx weavb wPiš—b I wPi¯’vqx|

(9) Beby gvmÔE` I Beby AveŸvm (ivt) †_‡K eY©bv G‡m‡Q †h, hw` †KD ZvjvK †`q GK_v e‡j †h, Avgvi ¯¿xi Dci Avmgv‡bi ZviKvivwRi 61. gymwjg nv/1472| 62. Bebyj K¡vBwqg, BMvQvZzj jvndvb (Kvq‡iv : `vi“Z ZzivQ Avj-Avivex 1403/1983)

1/276| 63. AvIbyj gvÔe~ nv/2171-Gi fvl¨; 6/242| 64. Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb (W±‡im w_wmm), c„t 190|

31 msL¨vq ZvjvK w`jvg| Zuviv e‡jb, Gi Øviv cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K wZb ZvjvKB cwZZ n‡e| evKx me †eKvi n‡e| K¡vhx ïivBn e‡jb, hw` †KD c„w_exi mKj bvixi ¯vgx nq I Gfv‡e ZvjvK †`q, Z‡e Zvi Dc‡i mKj ¿xB nvivg n‡q hv‡e|65

(10) Beby AveŸvm (ivt) †_‡K Ab¨ GKwU ÔAvQv‡iÕ ejv n‡q‡Q †h, GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK `vbKvix ¯vgx‡K wZwb ej‡Zb, hw` Zzwg Avj−vn&‡K fq Ki‡Z, ZvnÕ‡j †Zvgvi Rb¨ wZwb GKUv c_ †ei K‡i w`‡Zb| A_©vr wZb ZvjvK GK‡Î †Ìqvi d‡j GLb †Zvgvi Rb¨ me c_ eÜ n‡q †M‡Q|66

Re v e : GgwbZ‡iv eû ÔAvQviÕ gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK, gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqev, gyQvbœvd Avãyi ivhhvK, `vivKzrbx cÖf„wZ‡Z G‡m‡Q| hvi AwaKvsk hCd, gybKvi, gIh~ I K‡qKUv ÔQnxnÕ wKš‘ G¸wj AMÖnY‡hvM¨| KviY eyLvix I gymwj‡g Beby AveŸvm (ivt) †_‡KB Gi we‡ivax e³e¨ gIR~` i‡q‡Q| †hLv‡b ivm~‡ji I AveyeK‡ii hvgvbvq Ges Ig‡ii hvgvbvq cÖ_g yB ev wZb eQi GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K GK ZvjvK MY¨ Kiv nÕZ e‡j

ejv n‡q‡Q|

Beby A veŸvm ( i vt)-G i i vq c h© v‡ j vP b v :

Beby AveŸvm (ivt) nÕ‡Z Z¡vEm cÖgyLvr AveyQ Qvnev ewY©Z c~‡e© D‡j−wLZ nv`xQ Av‡jvPbv †k‡l kvqL bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx (int) e‡jb, GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK wel‡q Beby AveŸvm (ivt)-Gi `yÕwU gZ cwijw¶Z nq| GK- wZb ZvjvKB cwZZ n‡e| AwaKvsk eY©bv Gi c‡¶B| `yB- GKwU gvÎ

ZvjvK cwZZ n‡e | †hgb BKwigvi Qnxn m~‡Î Avey vE` eY©bv K‡ib, �oSTv�!� 1Z& �!� I7FX( �Th�h Cn��` 5|$� ��j ÔhLb ¯vgx GK mv‡_ ej‡e, Ô†Zvgv‡K wZb ZvjvKÕ ZLb Zv GKwU e‡j MY¨ n‡eÕ| Beby AveŸvm (ivt)-Gi †k‡lv³ gZwU MÖnY Kiv Avgv‡ì Rb¨ IqvwRe| G Kvi‡Y †h Gi c‡¶ Z¡vDm cÖgyL nÕ‡Z gymwjg cÖf„wZ MÖ‡š’ gid~ I Qnxn nv`xQ mg~n

65. gyQvbœvd Beby Avex kvqevn 4/13 ÔZvjvK¡Õ Aa¨vq 13 Aby‡”Q`| 66. Z¡vnvfx, gynvj−v 9/393|

32 ewY©Z n‡q‡QÕ| Avey vE` e‡jb †h, Beby AveŸvm (ivt) Zuvi cÖ_g gZ nÕ‡Z †kv‡lv³ g‡Zi w`‡K cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡iwQ‡jb|67

hyw³ i `jxj :

KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi ¯úó weavb gIR~ _vK‡Z †mLv‡b Kvi“ †Kvb ivq ev hyw³ P‡j bv (Avnhve 33/36)| Zvjv‡Ki ¯úó weavb cweÎ KziAv‡b ewY©Z nIqv m‡Ë¡I Ges ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbv, AveyeKi (ivt)-Gi †LjvdZKvj Ges Igi (ivt)-Gi †LjvdZKv‡ji cÖ_g yB ev wZb eQi KziAvbx Zvjv‡Ki ev —e cÖPjb _vKvi c‡iI GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK ev‡qb MY¨ Kivi cÖ_v Pvjy nq g~jZt wKQz hyw³i †`vnvB †c‡o| hv c~‡e©i Av‡jvPbvq cÖgvwYZ n‡q †M‡Q| wKš‘ cÖkœ nÕj, Avgiv wK hyw³i AbymiY Kie? bv mybœvn&i AbymiY Kie?

Igi dviƒK (ivt) wb‡R n‡¾ ZvgvËz‡K Acm›` Ki‡Zb| A_P Zuvi eo †Q‡j Avãyj−vn web Igi (ivt) n‡¾ ZvgvËz K‡ib| d‡j †jv‡K‡ì cÖ‡kœi

Rev‡e wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, �� 1�� L�>��&� =A�� ByBf6�p KG� pnB!� 7�� =��?B�B�A? L)�� d�� Ôivm~‡ji mybœvZ AwaK AbymiY †hvM¨, bv Ig‡ii mybœvZ? 68

Abyiƒcfv‡e nhiZ Avjx (ivt) e‡jb, L�X_�� G�<� l��( A" �� G�� >� 8�_?� ", O*��( �� Lz�3 Ôhw` Øxb gvby‡li ivq Abyhvqx nÕZ, ZvnÕ‡j

†gvhvi Dc‡i gvmvn Kivi †P‡q Zvi bx‡P gvmvn Kiv AwaK DËg nÕZ|69

Igi dviƒK (ivt) wbtm‡›`‡n fvj wbq‡Z KvR K‡iwQ‡jb I Zvjv‡Ki e¨vcv‡i AvBbx K‡VviZv Av‡ivc K‡iwQ‡jb| kvmK wnmv‡e Giƒc mvgwqK AwaKvi Bmjvgx Avgxi‡ì i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ GUv‡Zv gvb‡ZB n‡e †h, Gjvnx weavb wPiš—b| ZvB hZ K‡VviZvB †`Lv‡bv †nŠK bv †Kb, ye©j Rxe gvbyl †h‡Kvb mgq mxgv AwZµg K‡i †h‡Z cv‡i Ges †mUvB n‡q‡Q| d‡j D³ K‡VviZvi cwiYv‡g wb®K…wZi c_ bv †c‡q Zvnjxj-Gi b¨vq †bvsiv c_ †e‡Q wb‡Z gymwjg ¯vgx-¯¿x eva¨ n‡q‡Q Ges AvRI n‡”Q| AZGe 67. Avjevbx, BiIqvDj Mvjxj 7/121-22| 68. gymbv‡` Avngv` 2/95| 69. Qnxn Avey vE` nv/147|

33 Avgv‡ì DwPZ wQj KziAvbx ZvjvK weav‡bi w`‡K wd‡i hvIqv| wKš‘ bv wM‡q GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK MY¨ Kivi K‡Vvi I we`ÔAvZx cÖ_v‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì Ijvgv‡q †Kivg wewfbœ hyw³i AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb| †hgb-

(1) cvwK¯—v‡bi cÖavb gydZx gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` kdx ¯xq Zvdmx‡i D³ Avqv‡Zi my›ì Av‡jvPbv †k‡l ÔGK‡Î wZb ZvjvKÕ wk‡ivbv‡g e‡jb, ÔG cÖ‡kœi hyw³wfwËK DËi GB †h, †Kvb Kv‡Ri cvc KvR nIqv Zvi cÖwZwµqvi c‡_ evavi m„wó K‡i bv| Ab¨vqfv‡e nZ¨v Kiv cvc nÕ‡jI hv‡K ¸jx K‡i ev †Kvb A‡¯¿i AvNv‡Z nZ¨v Kiv nq, †m wbnZ n‡qB hvq| GB ¸jx êafv‡e Kiv nÕj, wK A‰eafv‡e Kiv n‡q‡Q, †mRb¨ g„Zz A‡c¶v K‡i bv| Pzwi me ag©g‡ZB cvc, wKš‘ †h A_©-m¤ú` †PvivB c‡_ cvPvi Kiv nq, Zv †Zv nvZQvov n‡qB wM‡q‡Q| Ggwbfv‡e hveZxq Ab¨vq I cv‡ci GKB Ae¯’v †h, Gi Ab¨vq I cvc nIqv Gi cÖwZwµqvi †¶‡Î †Kvb evavi m„wó K‡i bv| GB g~jbxwZi wfwË‡Z kixÔAvZ cÖ Ë bxwZ-wbq‡gi cÖwZ å“‡¶c bv K‡i cÖ‡qvRb e¨ZxZ ¯xq mg — ¶gZv‡K †kl K‡i †`qv Ges GKB m‡½ wZb ZvjvK w`‡q wb®K…wZ jvf Kiv hwÌ ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Amš‘wói KviY, hv c~e©eZx© eY©bvq D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q, GRb¨ mgMÖ D¤§Z GKev‡K¨ G‡K wbK…ó cš’v e‡j D‡j−L K‡i‡Q Ges †KD †KD bvRv‡qhI e‡j‡Q, wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I hw` †KD G c`‡¶c †bq, Z‡e Gi djvdjI ZvB n‡e, êa c‡_ AMÖmi nÕ‡j hv nq| A_©vr wZb ZvjvK n‡q hv‡e Ges ïay cÖZ¨vnvi bq, weevn eÜb bevq‡bi my‡hvMI Avi _vK‡e bv| ûh~i (mvt)-Gi gxgvsmvB G e¨vcv‡i eo cÖgvY †h, wZwb Amš‘ó n‡qI wZb ZvjvKB Kvh©Kix K‡i‡Qb| nv`xm MÖ‡š’ Abyiƒc eû NUbvi eY©bv i‡q‡QÕ|70

Re v e : A_P Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, KziAv‡b ewY©Z cÖ_g yÕwU ZvjvK‡K ZvjvK ejv nÕ‡jI Zv e› y‡Ki ¸jxi gZ wQj bv| †Kbbv Zv wQj ivRÔC ZvjvK| hv w`‡j ¯¿x‡K †dir cvIqv hvq| A_P e› y‡Ki ¸jx‡Z Kvi“ ivRÔAvZ nq bv eis g„Zz nq| wØZxqZt ivm~j (Qvt) Amš‘ó nÕ‡jI wZb

70. e½vbyev` Zvdmxi gvAv‡idzj †K¡viAvb, Abyev` I m¤úv`bv : gvIjbv gywnDÏxb Lvb

1413 wnt, c„t 128|

34 ZvjvK Kvh©Kix K‡i‡Qb- Ggb †Kvb weï× `jxj †Kv_vI †bB, BwZc~‡e©i Av‡jvPbvq hv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|

(2) cvwK —v‡bi Ab¨Zg L¨vZbvgv Av‡jg gvIjvbv gI ~ x ¯xq Zvdmx‡i D³ wel‡qi c‡¶ hyw³ w`‡q wM‡q e‡jb, ÔGi Dcgv †Ìqv hvq †h, †Kvb GK wcZv Zvi †Q‡j‡K wZb kZ UvKv w`‡q ej‡jb, ZzwgB G UvKvi gvwjK, †hfv‡e B”Qv Zzwg G UvKv LiP Ki‡Z cvi| Gici wZwb Zv‡K Dc‡`k w`‡q ej‡jb, †h A_© Avwg †Zvgv‡K w`jvg Zv Zzwg mZK©Zvi mv‡_ Dchy³ †¶‡Î µgvš‡q LiP Ki‡e hv‡Z Zv †_‡K h_vh_ DcKvi †c‡Z cvi| Avgvi Dc‡`‡ki †Zvqv°v bv K‡i Zzwg hw` AmZK©fv‡e Ab¨vq †¶‡Î Zv LiP K‡i wKsev mg¯— A_© GKmv‡_ LiP K‡i †dj ZvnÕ‡j ¶wZMÖ — n‡e| Gici Avwg LiP Kivi Rb¨ Avi †Kvb UvKv-cqmv †Zvgv‡K wè bv| GLb wcZv hw` GB A‡_©i cy‡ivUv †Q‡j‡K Av‡`Š bv †`q, ZvnÕ‡j †m †¶‡Î Gme Dc‡`‡ki †Kvb A_©B nq bv| hw` Ggb nq †h, Dchy³ †¶Î QvovB †Q‡j Zv LiP Ki‡Z Pv‡”Q, wKš‘ UvKv Zvi c‡KU †_‡K †ei n‡”Q bv A_ev cy‡iv wZb kZ UvKv LiP K‡i †djv m‡Ë¡I gvÎ GKkZ UvKvB Zvi c‡KU †_‡K †ei n‡”Q Ges me©ve ’vq yBkZ UvKv Zvi c‡K‡UB †_‡K hv‡”Q, ZvnÕ‡j GB Dc‡`‡ki Av‡`Š

†Kvb cÖ‡qvRb †bBÕ|71

Re v e : yf©vM¨ wZwb wZbwU ZvjvK‡K wZbkZ UvKvi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| UvKv hw` nvwi‡q hvq ev †KD Pzwi ev wQbZvB K‡i †bq, ev KvD‡K nvw`qv †Ìqv nq, ZvnÕ‡j wK UvKvi Dc‡i †Kvb gvwjKvbv _v‡K? GQvov UvKv GKwU e¯‘ gvÎ, hv †d‡j w`‡j Pz‡K †Mj| wKš‘ ZvjvK wK ZvB? Zvjv‡Ki wbw ©ó wbqg-c×wZ Av‡Q, hv bv gvb‡j ZvjvK wnmv‡e MY¨ nq bv| Gi m‡½ yÕwU Rxeb, msmvi I mš—vb cvj‡bi `vqe×Zv RwoZ Av‡Q| G‡K †djbv g‡b Kivi †Kvb KviY †bB| Avi †mKvi‡YB ivm~j (Qvt) µz× n‡q uvwo‡q wM‡q e‡jwQ‡jb, Avj−vn&i wKZve wb‡q †Ljv n‡”Q? Avgiv wK ZvB

KiwQ bv? ivm~‡ji GB †µva‡K †mvRv A‡_© MÖnY bv K‡i Avgiv evuKv A‡_© MÖnY K‡iwQ Ges Zuvi †µv‡ai KviY GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K Avgiv wZb

71. Zvdnxgyj KziAvb, Abyev`: gvIjvbv gyRvw¤§j nK (XvKv : AvaywbK cÖKvkbx 3q ms®‹iY

1997), 17/210 c„t|

35 ZvjvK MY¨ K‡iwQ| Kvj wK¡qvg‡Zi gv‡V ivm~j (Qvt) hw` µz× n‡q kvdvÔAvZ bv K‡ib, ZLb weÁ Ijvgv‡q †Kivg wK RIqvew`nx Ki‡eb, †f‡e †`‡L‡Qb wK?

D‡j−L¨ †h, gvIjvbv gI ~ x ¯xq Zvdnxgyj KziAv‡b m~iv‡q evK¡vivn&i Dc‡iv³ Avqv‡Zi Zvdmxi Ki‡Z wM‡q `xN© Av‡jvPbvi AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb72 Ges GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK MY¨ Kivi c‡¶ 3wU nv`xQ I Ab~ b 11wU AvQvi †ck K‡i‡Qb| †ckK…Z nv`xQ mg~‡ni g‡a¨ wZbwUB hCd I gybKvi| Gici Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi Dw³ ev ÔAvQviÕ¸wji cÖvq meB gyQvbœv‡d Ave yi ivhhvK, gyQvbœv‡d Be‡b Avex kvqev, gyIqvË¡v, `vivKzrbx, Avey vE`, Z¡vnvfx cÖf„wZ MÖš’ †_‡K Pqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| hvi g‡a¨ (K) Beby AveŸvm (ivt) †_‡K PviwU AvQvi-Gi wZbwU Qnxn I hCd (L) Beby gvmE` (ivt) †_‡K yÕwU AvQvi-Gi GKwU hCd I GKwU Qnxn (M) nhiZ IQgvb I Avjx (ivt) †_‡K yÕwU AvQvi-Gi GKwU hCd I GKwU gIh~ ev Rvj| evKx¸wji Ae¯’vI Abyiƒc| †h mg¯— AvQvi Qnxn m~‡Î ewY©Z †m¸wj eyLvix I gymwjg ewY©Z gIK‚d nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax nIqvq AMÖnY‡hvM¨| gvIjvbv gI ~ x Igi (ivt)-Gi hy‡Mi Kw_Z BRgv Øviv ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi I AveyeKi (ivt)-Gi hy‡Mi cÖPwjZ mybœvn‡K AMÖnY‡hvM¨ ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|73 hv wbZvš—B A‡hŠw³K|

c¶vš—‡i Beby AveŸvm (ivt) ewY©Z I eyLvix-gymwjg msKwjZ Qnxn gid~ nv`xQ¸wj, †hLv‡b cwi®‹vifv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q †h, ivm~j (Qvt), AveyeKi I Ig‡ii hy‡Mi cÖ_g yB ev wZb eQi GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K GK ZvjvK MY¨ Kiv nÕZ| Zvi c‡¶ gvIjvbv †Kvb K_v e‡jbwb| wZwb we`ÔAvZx Zvjv‡Ki c‡¶ hyw³ †ck Ki‡jI KziAvb I mybœv‡Z beexi c‡¶ hyw³ †ck K‡ibwb|

(3) wgkKvZ kix‡di evsjv Abyev`K gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§v` AvRgx e‡jb, gvng~ web jex‡ì nv`xQ (18bs) nB‡Z eySv hvq †h, GKmv‡_ wZb ZvjvK †Ìqv we`ÔAvZ I nvivg| Zv‡eqxb‡ì g‡a¨ nRiZ ZvDQ I

72. H, e½vbyev` c„t 199-210| 73. Zvdnxgyj KziAvb, Abyev`: gvIjvbv gyRvw¤§j nK (XvKv: AvaywbK cÖKvkbx 3q ms®‹iY

1997), c„t 203-4|

36 BK‡igv e‡jb, †h‡nZz Bnv mybœv‡Zi wecixZ AZGe Bnv‡K mybœvZ Abymv‡i GK ZvjvKB (iRqx) MY¨ Kwi‡Z nB‡e| Qvnvex‡ì g‡a¨ nRiZ Ave yj−vn web AveŸvQ e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I AveyeKi I Ig‡ii †Ljvd‡Zi yB eQi Kvj (GKmv‡_) wZb ZvjvK GK ZvjvKB wQj| AZtci nhiZ Igi ewj‡jb,.. myZivs GLb nB‡Z Avgv‡ì Bnv‡K (wZb ZvjvK iƒ‡c) Kvh©Kix Kwiqv †ÌqvB DwPZÕ| ivex e‡jb, ÔAZtci wZwb Dnv‡K Kvh©Kix KwiqvwQ‡jb|

wKš‘ Rg&û‡i Qvnvev, Zv‡eqxb I BgvgMY mK‡jB e‡jb, GKmv‡_ wZb ZvjvK †Ìqv †eÀvZ I †Mvbvn&i KvR, Z‡e Bnv‡Z wZb ZvjvK nBqv hvB‡eÕ|... †gvUK_v, G Av‡jvPbv Øviv... †`Lv †Mj †h, Bnvi Dci gyRZvwn` QvnvexM‡Yi BRgv nBqv wMqv‡Q Ges cieZx© BgvgMYI Bnvi Dci GKgZ nBqv‡Qb|74

Re v e : BRgv-Gi `vex AMÖnY‡hvM¨| †Kbbv ÔBRgvÕ ej‡Z D¤§‡Zi HK¨gZ eySvq| A_P mKj Qvnvex G wel‡q GKgZ nbwb| hv Avgiv BwZc~‡e© †`‡L G‡mwQ| wØZxqZt BRgv‡q Qvnvev mybœv‡Z beex‡K evwZj Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Z…ZxqZt cieZx© mKj Bgvg G e¨vcv‡i GKgZ nbwb| AZGe BRgv-i `vex A‡hŠw³K|

(4) †evLvix kix‡di evsjv Abyev`K gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK Ôwe‡kl ªóe¨Õt wk‡ivbv‡g e‡jb,

GK m‡½ wZb ZvjvK w`‡j wZb ZvjvK cÖewZ©Z nIqv BnvB c~e©vci mKj BgvgM‡Yi w¯’i wm×vš—|...wewkó BgvgM‡Yi ci D³ wel‡q wfbœ gZvgZI †`Lv w`qvwQj e‡U, wKš‘ Zvnv AZ¨š— ye©j I mg_©nxb Ges AwZ ¶y ª GKwU jv-gRnvex Dc`‡ji g‡a¨ mxgve× wQj| yt‡Li welq Av‡Lix hvgvbvi agx©q wech©‡qi †mªv‡Z H ye©j gZvgZI fvwmqv Avwmqv‡Q Ges A‡c¶vK…Z mnR myjf nIqvq ZvnvI GK †kªYxi †jv‡Ki mnvqZv cyó nBqv eû gy‡Li PP©vi e¯‘ Bnqv DwVqv‡QÕ|75

74. e½vbyev` †gkKvZ kixd (XvKv : Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªix 2q gy ªY, 1987) 6/319-20| 75.e½vbyev` : †evLvix kixd (XvKv : nvwgw`qv jvB‡eªix, 5g ms®‹iY 1417/1997) 6/167|

37 wZwb e‡jb, GK m‡½ wZb ZvjvK hw` ïay GK ZvjvK MY¨ nBZ, Z‡e GLv‡b nhi‡Zi Hiƒc †µva I Amš‘wói †Kvb KviYB wQj bv; GK ZvjvK †Ìqvi †Kvb NUbvq nhiZ (Qvt) Hiƒc ivMvwšZ I Amš‘ó nBqv‡Qb ewjqv †Kv_vI †`Lv hvq bv| ...myZivs GK‡Î wZb ZvjvK †Ìqv †KviAv‡bi weav‡b cÖvß AwaKvi Abvek¨K cÖ‡qvM KivB mve¨¯— nq, hvnv †KviAvb wbqv †Ljv KiviB bvgvš—i| wKš‘ †Ljv KiZt KvnviI Dci AvNvZ Kwi‡j †mB AvNv‡Zi cwiYvg cÖwZwµqv Aek¨B cÖewZ©Z nq Ges †mB Rb¨B Hiƒc †Ljv ivM I Amš‘wó KviY nBqv _v‡K|76

Re v e : G wel‡q †h wfbœgZ Av‡Q, †mK_v wZwb wb‡RB ¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ Zv‡ì‡K jv-gRnvex e‡j g‡bi Svj wgwU‡q‡Qb| †hUv †Kvb gynvwÏQ weØv‡bi Ges †Kvb wbi‡c¶ Ávbx Av‡j‡gi AvPiY nÕ‡Z cv‡i bv| wZwb ivm~‡ji †µva‡K c‡ivqv bv Ki‡jI Avgiv Avj−vn I Avj−vn&i ivm~‡ji †µva †_‡K euvP‡Z PvB|

(5) gvIjvbv Avkivd Avjx _vbfx e‡jb, GK m‡½ wZb ZvjvK w`‡j ZvnvI ZvjvK| †hgb, hw` †Kn Zvi ¯¿x‡K e‡j †h, †Zv‡K wZb ZvjvK ev GBiƒc e‡j Ô†Zv‡K ZvjvKÕ Ô†Zv‡K ZvjvKÕ Ô†Zv‡K ZvjvKÕ, Z‡e wZb ZvjvK nBqv ev‡qb †gvMvj−vhv nBqv hvB‡eÕ|77

(6) gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` Ave yi inxg e‡jb, ¯vgx ¯¿x‡K GK m‡½ wKsev mybœZx wbq‡g wZb ZvjvK w`‡j †m ¿x‡K wdwi‡q ivLvi †Kv‡bv Dcvq _v‡K bv| †m Zvi R‡b¨ nvivg n‡q hvq, nvivg n‡q hvq- ej‡Z n‡e- wPiZ‡i, Z‡e kixqZ GKwU gvÎ DcvqB Db¥y³ ivLv n‡q‡Q| Zv n‡jvt Ô†m ¿x‡jvKwU Aci ¯vgx we‡q Ki‡eÕ| Zvici †mB wØZxq ¯vgx hw` ZvjvK

†`q Zvi c‡i hw` Zviv cybwg©wjZ nÕ‡Z Pvq Ges Avj−vn&i weavb Kv‡qg ivL‡Z cvi‡e e‡j hw` g‡b K‡i, Zvn‡j Zv‡ì yÕR‡bi cybivq weevwnZ n‡Z †Kvb †`vl †bBÕ (evK¡vivn 230)|

wKš‘ hw` iv‡Mi ekeZx© n‡q A_ev cwiYvg m¤ú‡K© AÁZvi Kvi‡Y GKm‡½ wZb ZvjvKB w`‡q †`q,...Gici †h ytL I AbyZvc Rv‡M ¯vgxi 76. cÖv¸³ 6/167-68| 77. e½vbyev` †e‡nkZx †RIi, Abyev`: gvIjvbv kvgQzj nK dwi`cyix (XvKv : Gg`vw`qv

jvB‡eªix, 9g gy ªY 1990), wØZxq fwjDg, 4_© LÊ c„t 32|

38 Aš—‡i, Zvi cÖwZKv‡ii †Kv‡bv DcvqB _v‡K bv Zvi nv‡Z| A‡bK †¶‡Î Avevi †`Lv hvq, wZb ZvjvK †Ìqvi ciI ¯vgx-¯¿x wn‡m‡e Zviv emevm Ki‡Z _v‡K| G n‡”Q my úóiƒ‡c wR¡bvi Ae¯’v, wbtm‡›`‡n ZvÕ nvivg| ZvB †Kv‡bv †jv‡KiB GK m‡½ wZb ZvjvK †Ìqv DwPZ bq| Gi cwiYvg ZvjvK`vZv ¯vgx‡KB †fvM Ki‡Z nq| Avi †m cwiYvg AZ¨š— ytLgq, wbZvš— AevÃbxq Ges AZ¨š— ggv©vwš—K|78

gš—e ¨ : mK‡ji GKB `jxq myi| Awn-i weavb‡K hyw³ w`‡q LÊb Kivi Ac‡Póv gvÎ| A_P Cgv‡bi `vex nÕj- Awn-i weav‡bi c‡¶ hyw³ †ck Kiv, wec‡¶ bq| A‡nZzK weZK© bq, wKZve I mybœv‡Zi cÖwZ AUzU AvbyM‡Zï g‡a¨B BnKvjxb g½j I ciKvjxb gyw³ wbwnZ|

P vi Bg v‡ gi c ÖwZ m ¤ Ü ch©v‡ j vP b v

GK gRwj‡m wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK MY¨ Kivi welqwU AbymiYxq Pvi Bgv‡gi cÖwZ m¤Ü Kiv n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ welqwU‡Z Avgiv wbwðš— bB| †Kbbv cieZ©xKv‡j Ggb eû wKQz Zuv‡ì gvhnve wnmv‡e Pvjy n‡q‡Q, †h wel‡q Zvu‡ì †_‡K †Kvb weï× eY©bv m~Î †bB| †Kbbv Pvi Bgv‡gi g‡a¨ kv‡dC (int) e¨ZxZ evKx wZbR‡bi †KDB †dK&nx wel‡q †Kvb MÖš’ iPbv K‡i hvbwb| G¶‡Y Zuv‡ì gvhnve e‡j M„nxZ gvmAvjv mg~‡ni msKjb wnmv‡e †h mKj weivU weivU wdK&nMÖš’ cieZx©Kv‡j iwPZ I cÖPvwiZ n‡q‡Q, cix¶vq †`Lv hv‡e †h, †m¸wj‡Z msKwjZ AwaKvsk gvmAvjv wKsev me¸‡jvB Zuv‡ì Abymvix cieZ©x weØvbM‡Yi iwPZ| Aveyj dvrn gynv¤§v` web Aveyj nvmvb Beby `vK¡xKzj C` (g„Zt 702 wnt) Pvi gvhnv‡e cÖPwjZ Qnxn nv`xQ we‡ivax drIqv mg~‡ni GKwU weivU msKjb ˆZix K‡iwQ‡jb| hvi f~wgKv‡Z wZwb †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb †h, ÔGB gvmAvjv¸wj Pvi Bgv‡gi bv‡g Pvi gvhnv‡e Pvjy _vK‡jI G¸‡jv‡K Zuv‡ì w`‡K m¤úwK©Z Kiv nvivgÕ| G¸wji gva¨‡g Zuv‡ì Dc‡i wg_¨v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q gvÎÕ| Avj−vgv Zvd&Zvhvbx, kvÔivex, AwjDj−vn †`njfx, †gvj−v gyCb wmÜx, Ave yj nvB jv‡¶èŠex cÖgyL weØvbMY mK‡jB GK_v ¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb|79

78. cwievi I cvwievwiK Rxeb (BmjvwgK dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`k, 1g cÖKvk 1983), c„t

597, 596| 79. Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb (W±‡iU w_wmm), c„t 172|

39 (1) Dcgnv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg †kªô nvbvdx Av‡jg gvIjvbv Avãyj nvB jv‡²Šex GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK m¤úwK©Z GK cÖ‡kœi Rev‡e e‡jb, GB Ae¯’vq nvbvdx gvhnve Abyhvqx wZb ZvjvK cwZZ n‡e Ges ÔZvnjxjÕ e¨ZxZ Zvi mv‡_ c~e© ¯vgxi cybwe©evn wm× n‡e bv|

wKš‘ Ggb hiƒix Ae¯’vq †hgb ¯vgxi wbKU †_‡K D³ gwnjvi c„_K nIqv KwVb wKsev Zv‡Z ¶wZi AvksKv †ekx, †mB Ae ’vq Ab¨ †Kvb Bgv‡gi ZvK¡jx` Kivq ¶wZ †bB| †hgb Gi „óvš— i‡q‡Q wbi“wÏó ¯vgxi †¶‡Î| GLv‡b nvbvdxMY Bgvg gv‡jK (int)-Gi gvhnve (Pvi eQi)-Gi Dc‡i Avgj Kiv Rv‡qh g‡b K‡ib| Z‡e wZb Zvjv‡Ki †¶‡Î GUvB DËg n‡e †h, H e¨w³ †hb †Kvb kv‡dC Av‡j‡gi wbKU †_‡K drIqv †R‡b wb‡q Zvi Dc‡i Avgj K‡iÕ [dvZvIqv ikxw`qvn (KivPx : gynv¤§v` Avjx KviLvbv‡q KzZze, Zvwe), c„t 462]|

(2) Ab¨Zg †miv Av‡jg gvIjvbv ikx` Avngv` Mvs‡Mvnx GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK MY¨ K‡ib Ges ÔnvjvjÕ e¨ZxZ cybwe©ev‡ni †Kvb c_ †Lvjv †bB e‡j drIqv †`bÕ (H, c„t 462)| wKš‘ Zuvi wbR¯ gZ ev gvmjvK wnmv‡e eY©bv K‡ib †h, †h gvmAvjvq Qvnvev I gyRZvwn`M‡Yi g‡a¨ gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q, †m gvmAvjvq wb‡Ri ZvnKxK Abyhvqx ev †Kvb nKcš’x gyRZvwn`-Gi ZvK¡jx`‡K AMÖMY¨ g‡b K‡i Zvi Dc‡i Avgj Ki‡e| we‡ivax gZ‡K †Kvbiƒc wZi®‹vi Ki‡e bv| eis hiƒix Ae¯’vq Zvi Dc‡i Avgj Ki‡e| G Kvi‡Y G ye©j ev›`v nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei nIqv m‡Ë¡I Ab¨ †Kvb gvhnv‡ei Abymvix‡K wZi®‹vi K‡i bv Ges wb‡Ri gvhnvh‡KI Ah_v A‡bï Dc‡i cÖva¨b¨ w`‡Z †PwóZ nq bv|... cÖ‡qvR‡b kv‡dC gvhnv‡ei Dc‡i Avgj Kivq †Kvb †`vl †bB| Z‡e †mUv †hb bd‡mi Lv‡nk c~i‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ bv nq| eis hw` kviC `jx‡ji wfwË‡Z nq ZvnÕ‡j Zv‡Z †Kvb †`vl †bBÕ (H, c„t 4)|

3 q `‡ ji `j xj m g ~n :

GB `j e ‡ jb , mnevmK…Z bvixi Dc‡i wZb ZvjvK eZ©v‡e I mnevmnxb bvixi Dc‡i GK ZvjvK eZ©v‡e| Zuv‡ì `jxj wbgœiƒc :

(1) Avey vE` ewY©Z AveyQ Qvnev cÖgyLvr Beby AveŸv‡mi nv`xQ, †hLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q-

40

1_F�B? TvB�_5!�B �B24>L�B:B- �BZ5( F�AQ4�B KGK� F�4fFj �ThF�Fh A=B�F�B�4,5S BnH�F �Fos5S FG�F� F�A-6�� HGF� �_6�F�F& /B�B�A? 5vB.�B,5S 4"e, ��.4�B�B I�K<B( 415(F�B B7H�B�B 5=4�F�B? �� 1H�B� 5�� 5�4>A�B. 5�4ZB?

B�B� 4�Fj B}�6�� A�B�A? l�B.F��Fj �BZ4�5& �4>A:B(� :475Z4�F�B? 6"A24A�4�5-�3

A_©vr Ô†Kvb e¨w³ hLb Zvi ¯¿x‡K mnev‡mi c~‡e©B wZb ZvjvK w`Z, †jv‡Kiv Zv‡K GK ZvjvK MY¨ KiZ| GB wbqg Rvwi wQj ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbvq Ges Avey eKi (ivt)-Gi hvgvbvq I Igi (ivt)-Gi hvgvbvi cÖ_g w`‡K| AZtci hLb Igi D³ e¨vcv‡i †jvK‡ì e¨¯—Zv †`L‡Z cvb, ZLb e‡jb, GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K I‡ì Dc‡i Rvwi K‡i `vIÕ|80

Re v e : D³ nv`x‡Q GKwU K_v ewa©Zfv‡e G‡m‡Q, �BZ5( F�AQ4�6 KG� F�4fFj A_©vr ÔH ¿x hvi mv‡_ ¯vgx GLbI mnevm K‡iwbÕ| Avjevbx e‡jb †h, GB AskwU ÔgybKviÕ Ges Qnxn gymwjg-Gi †iIqv‡Zi wecixZ| AZGe Gi A_© nÕj GB †h, mnevmK…Z nDK ev bv nDK mKj weevwnZv bvixi †¶‡Î †m hy‡M GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K GK ZvjvK MY¨ Kiv nÕZ|81

(2) Igi (ivt) KZ©„K wZb ZvjvK‡K wZb ZvjvK MY¨ Kivq wm×vš—wU mnevmK…Z bvixi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ Ges AveyQ Qvnev cÖgyLvr Beby AveŸvm ewY©Z nv`xQwU mnevmnxb bvixi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨| Gfv‡eB Dfq nv`x‡Qi g‡a¨ mgšq Kiv m¤¢e Ges GUvB wK¡qv‡mi AbyKz‡jÕ|

Re v e : Beby AveŸvm ewY©Z Avey vE‡ì nv`x‡Qi D³ AskwU ÔgybKviÕ| hv BwZc~‡e© D‡j−wLZ n‡q‡Q| AZtci Igi dviƒK (ivt)-Gi wm×vš—wU BR‡Znv`x| hv KziAvb I mybœvn cÖ Ë kviC ZvjvK weavb‡K evwZj Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| AZGe GB `‡ji e³e¨ `jxj m¤§Z bq| weï× wK¡qv‡miI AbyK~‡j bq|

80. Avey vE` nv/2199| 81. wmjwmjv hvCdvn nv/1133; BiIÕqv 7/122|

41

4_© `‡ ji `j xj m g ~n :

GB `j e‡jb †h, GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK GK Zvjv‡K ivRÔC wnmv‡e MY¨ n‡e| BÏZKv‡ji g‡a¨ ivRÔAv‡Zi gva¨‡g Ges BÏZ †kl nÕ‡j bZzb weev‡ni gva¨‡g ¿x‡K †diZ wb‡Z cvi‡e| Zuv‡ì `jxj :

(1) Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb,

5"4�B�B�_B�B I�K<B( 415(F�B B7H�B�B �� 5=4�F�B? �� 1H�B� 5�� 5�4>A�B. 5�4ZB? 1F�B? AF�H�� FG�F� A�B�A? F��FWF& TvB�5!�B 5xF�H�� AH�F B�B�A? 5)F&F�5Q 4"5, : I�4,F� 415& �4>L�B�4:B�4�� 5�Fj B}�6�� KGS

�v�B$F� 5=4�55& 47AZF� 4|B$�F� 8�. /475Z4�_F�B? A8F��_4,�F& 475Z4�F�B? A8�B�4,�F& 475Z4�F�B? A8�B�4�B�4,� 4>F�F&7�*,

Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbvq Ges nhiZ Avey eKi (ivt) I nhiZ Igi (ivt)-Gi †Ljvd‡Zi cÖ_g yÕeQi GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K GK ZvjvK MY¨ Kiv nÕZ| AZtci Igi Bebyj LvË¡ve (ivt) ej‡jb, †jv‡Kiv Ggb GK wel‡q ª“ZZv †`Lv‡”Q, †h wel‡q Zv‡ì‡K AeKvk †Ìqv n‡qwQj| Avgiv hw` GUv Zv‡ì Dc‡i Rvwi K‡i w`Zvg| AZtci wZwb GUv Zv‡ì Dc‡i Rvwi K‡i w`‡jbÕ|82

gš—e ¨ : G nv`x‡Q ¯úófv‡e G‡m‡Q †h, GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK GK ZvjvK e‡j MY¨ nÕZ ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi hvgvbv †_‡KB| D³ mij weavb-Gi Aceënvi †`‡L Igi dviƒK (iv:) K‡VviZv Aej¤b Kivi gb ’ K‡ib I †m g‡Z AvBb Rvwi K‡ib| ivóª‡bZv wnmv‡e mvgvwRK k„sLjv I w¯’wZkxjZv eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ wZwb mvgwqKfv‡e K‡Vvi eë¯’v Aej¤b K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb Gi Øviv Avj−vn&i weavb‡K cwieZ©b K‡ibwb| eis ZvjvK-Gi evovevwo eÜ Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|

wØ Zx qZ: GwU‡K BRgv wnmv‡e MY¨ Kiv hv‡e bv| †Kbbv KziAvbx wb‡ ©k I mybœv‡Zi ¯úó cÖgvYvw` I Qvnvex‡ì mw¤§wjZ Avgj gIR‚ _vK‡Z Zvi wei“‡× BRgv AbywôZ nIqvi cÖkœB I‡V bv| `vex Ki‡jI Zv MÖvn¨ n‡e bv| 82.gymwjg nv/ 1472; wdK¡ûm mybœvn 2/299|

42 (2) Avey Qvnev GK`v Beby AveŸvm (ivt)-†K cÖkœ K‡ib,

B7H�_B�B 5=4�F�B? �� 61�B� e15f6�� 5�4ZB? 1F�B? Tv5�B!�B L�B:4�A� LxF�M�� 5|B$�F� �B�6$F� A7F�4:B�F�I}�6fB? A"4(� F��FWF& B�B�A? 5vB.�B,5S 4"5, �ThF�Fh B I�K<B( 415(F�B :/47B:B$

ÔAvcwb wK Rv‡bb †h, ivj~jyj−vn (Qvt), Avey eKi (ivt) I Igi (ivt)-Gi †Ljvd‡Zi cª_g w`‡K wZb eQi GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K GK ZvjvK MY¨ Kiv nÕZ? wZwb ej‡jb, nuv|83

(3) gvng~ web jvex` ewY©Z nv`xQ,

�j : L�5Q4fB� B.A�4>L� �� B�H�1 �� B?F�4�5= BB�H�B7 B?4" B.A-I� F _H�Bn F�4,B�F� _B�A= _FhF�Fx B�K�I]�W�� :�k�/ F&FWBd� Fa4�BfFG� Lh67 F�jF� : F�A K�B:A� 5(5��< �� B?6� BB-H� BF�B$� _B(4�B" F�KcAZ5�L�47 � " B!6� FjBd� B.A-�� F&FWF�� : B � B.A�4>F� 5�� FN� Kj�A�L�A= � . 8�. q~�*��-

ÔwZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K R‰bK e¨w³ m¤ú‡K© Lei †Ìqv nÕj, †h Zvi ¯¿x‡K GK‡Î wZb ZvjvK w`‡q‡Qb| GK_v ï‡b ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) fxlY µz× n‡q uvwo‡q hvb Ges e‡jb, Avj−vn&i wKZve wb‡q †Ljv Kiv n‡e? A_P Avwg †Zvgv‡ì gv‡S †eu‡P AvwQ| GKRb uvwo‡q ejj, †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j! Avwg wK I‡K KZj K‡i †è bvÕ? 84

gš—e ¨ : Kwbô Qvnvex gvng~ web jvex`-Gi D³ †iIqvqvZ‡K A‡b‡K ÔgyimvjÕ ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ Bgvg Avngv` web nv¤j (int) „pZvi mv‡_ e‡jb †h gvLivgvn Zvi wcZv nÕ‡Z †kv‡bb wb| Z‡e wZwb Zvi wcZvi wjwLZ wKZve nÕ‡Z eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Beby gyCbI Abyiƒc K_v e‡j‡Qb| Zuvi †_‡K Bgvg gymwjg ¯xq Qnxn-†Z K‡qKwU nv`xQ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| AZGe AÎ nv`xQ ÔgyimvjÕ bq; eis ÔgyËvwQjÕ| nv‡dh Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx ¯xq Ôeyj~ j gviv‡gÕ AÎ nv`xQ‡K ÔQnxnÕ e‡j‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb †h, Gi eY©bvKvixMY wek¦ —|85

83. gymwjg nv/1473|

84. bvmvC nv/3430| 85. gynvj−v 9/388 UxKv; gvmAvjv 1945; hv yj gvÔAv` 5/220-21|

43 G‡¶‡Î H e¨w³ Zvjv‡Ki kã msL¨v I c×wZ wb‡q †Ljv K‡i‡Q| Avj−vn&i B”Qvi wei“‡× †m wb‡Ri B”Qv cª‡qvM K‡i‡Q| †Kbbv ivRÔC ZvjvK wnmv‡e GK ev yB ZvjvK †`IqvB nÕj Avj−vn cÖ Ë Awn-i weavb| A_P †m Zv ev` w`‡q D³ weavb‡K nvjKv K‡i †`‡L‡Q| Avi ivm~‡ji iv‡Mi KviY †mUvB| wKš‘ Gi d‡j ÔwZb ZvjvKB cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡qwQjÕ G `vexi c‡¶ †Kvb `jxj †bB| †Kbbv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi hy‡M GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK‡K GK Zvjv‡K ivRÔC MY¨ Kiv nÕZ e‡j Beby AveŸvm (ivt) ewY©Z nv`x‡Q Avgiv †`‡L G‡mwQ|

(4) KziAvbx AvqvZ 5G�_B�6�B, AF�_H�� ÔZvjvK yÕeviÕ K_vwUB GKwÎZ wZb Zvjv‡Ki mivmwi we‡ivax| †Kbbv Gi A_© GKwUi ci GKwU| ïay †gŠwLK k‡ã bq; eis c×wZ I cÖK…wZ‡Z| †Kbbv Ôgviv©Zv-bÕ A_© yÕevi| yÕevi A_© GKev‡ii ci wØZxq evi| A_©vr mnevmnxb cweÎ Ae¯’vi ïi“‡Z cÖ_g ZvjvK w`‡e| AZtci GKBfv‡e wØZxqevi cweÎ nIqvi ïi“‡Z wØZxq ZvjvK w`‡e| GB yB ZvjvK ivRÔC n‡e| A_©vr BÏZKv‡ji g‡a¨ Zv‡K webv weev‡n Ges BÏZKvj †k‡l n‡q †M‡j bZzb weev‡ni gva¨‡g †diZ wb‡Z cvi‡e| Avqv‡Zi wbM©wjZv_© GUvB| Gi A_© KL‡bvB GUv bq †h, GK‡Î yB ZvjvK ej‡jB yB ZvjvK n‡q †Mj| †hgb KziAv‡b Ab¨Î G‡m‡Q 5"4�B�6�F� B�B@BfK�� 5y5-4.� 67Lh ÔAZtci Zzwg †Zvgvi „wó‡K wdivI wØZxqeviÕ ... (gyj&K 67/4)| Gi A_© cÖ_gev‡ii ci wØZxqevi| Agwbfv‡e nv`x‡Q

G‡m‡Q, F�K�B�4�Lv� 5SFo� B�H�4| BQ _4�B*BZ� ÔhLb †Kvb gwnjv Zvi Dc‡i dihK…Z cuvP QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡eÕ...|86 Gi A_© cuvP Iqv‡³ cvuP evi mybœvZx ZixKvq QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv| QvjvZ QvjvZ QvjvZ cuvPevi GK‡Î ejv nq| wØZxqZt m~iv‡q ZvjvK¡-Gi 1g Avqv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q, Ô†Zvgiv GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK w`‡j BÏZ Abyhvqx ZvjvK †`Iqvi my‡hvM _v‡K bv| Gfv‡e KziAvbx wb‡ ©k jsNb K‡i GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK w`‡j Zv wKfv‡e wZb ZvjvK wnmv‡e MY¨ Kiv nÕ‡Z cv‡i?

(5) Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb,

86.wgkKvZ nv/3254|

44

B7H�_B�B 5=4�5�B? �� 1H�B� 5�� L�4>A�B. A=F� F��FWF& /F)B$�F�A. 6dL� F)B$�F�A. 4>A(� B�4 5�B A�4fB? BnH�F : F��FWF& A=B�B>4QSB F)B$�F�A. 6dL� B\B�F��4,� 5y5-�B. :41e$5S 4�_Fj F��Fj /5�� F�4>A�B. F� T�hF�Fh �BZA�KWH�F

8�. /) �� 6"5Z5�6�5:5� 6"A24>LWu�F�F& st�B*e�� A7A�KWH�F �Fo5S p15fB�� BZp F��B F�B�B F�Z4:5-B. /A|4�5�B?�%��>(�3[ /��/

[ B�B�4!F�5� I�KXF� 415&B/�� ¡ : A=B�F��4,� L)B$�F�A. BnH�F FG5�B�F& /I�5!�B I�5�4�B, 415& �ThF�Fh B7H�B� B 5=4�F�B? �� 1Y�B� �� L�4>A�B. A=F�F�B*F& F��Fj /��4 5�B� ��$4�A! �BZ4�F�B? : ��BZB�KWH�F B 4�F�

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ÔAvãy Bqvhx` Avey i“Kvbv Zvi ¯¿x D‡¤§ i“Kvbv‡K ZvjvK †`b| G‡Z wZwb `vi“Yfv‡e gg©vnZ nb| ZLb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zv‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, wKfve ZvjvK w`‡qQ? wZwb ej‡jb, GK gRwj‡m wZb ZvjvK w`‡qwQ| ivm~j (Qvt) Zv‡K ej‡jb, Avwg Rvwb| IUv GK ZvjvK n‡q‡Q| Zzwg ¿x‡K †diZ bvI| AZtci wZwb m~iv ZvjvK¡-Gi 1g AvqvZwU cvV K‡i

ïbvb|87 Avey Bqvjv G‡K Qnxn e‡j‡Qb|

gš—e ¨ : Bgvg kvIKvbx (int) e‡jb, i“Kvbvi G nv`xQ‡K A‡b‡K Î“wUc~Y© e‡j‡Qb gynv¤§v` Be‡b Bmnv‡Ki Kvi‡Y| wKš‘ Abyiƒc mb‡` ZvivB Avevi wewfbœ AvnKvg wel‡q `jxj MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|88 Z‡e AÎ nv`xQ mb` I gZb Dfq w`K w`‡q Qnxn m~‡Î eY©bv K‡i‡Q Avey vE` ¯^xq mybv‡b89 Ges Avãyi ivhhvK ¯xq gyQvbœv‡K Beby RyivB‡Ri m~‡Î R‰bK eb~ iv‡dÔ nÕ‡Z, AZtci BKwigv AZtci Beby AveŸvm nÕ‡Z| Avngv` eY©bv K‡i‡Q gynv¤§v` Be‡b Bmnv‡Ki m~‡Î Ges gynv¤§v` Be‡b BmnvK wek¦ —Õ|90

87. Avey vE` nv/2196; Avngv` nv/2387; AvIbyj gvÔe~ 6/279; hv yj gvÔAv` 5/229| 88. bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 8/21| 89. Qnxn Avey `vD` nv/1922| 90. nvwkqv gynvj−v 9/391|

45

D‡j−L¨ †h, Avey vE` Ab¨ m~‡Î D³ nv`xQ eY©bv K‡ib| †hLv‡b ا��( ÔAvjevËvZvÕ kã G‡m‡Q (nv/2208)| hvi A_© ÔwbwðZ ZvjvKÕ| ivm~j (Qvt) Zv‡K Kmg Ki‡Z e‡jb, ZLb wZwb e‡jb †h, Avwg GK Zvjv‡Ki wbqZ K‡iwQjvg| e‡j ivm~j (Qvt) Zv‡K Zvi ¿x †dir wb‡Z e‡jb|

G¶ ‡Y cÖkœ: hw` H e¨w³ GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK ev‡qb †Ìqvi wbqZ KiZ, ZvnÕ‡j ZvB-B cwZZ nÕZ|

Re v e : nv`xQwU ÔgyhZ¡viveÕ| Bgvg Avngv` e‡jb, Gi mKj m~ÎB hCd| Bgvg eyLvixI G‡K ÔhCdÕ e‡j‡Qb|91

c h©v‡ j vP bv :

1g `‡ji e³e¨ cwi¯‹vi| Zuviv KziAvbx AvqvZmg~n I nv`xQmg~n‡K cÖKvk¨ A‡_© MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges we`ÔAvZx ZvjvK‡K evwZj MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| 2q `‡ji e³‡e¨ Zvex‡ji Avkªq ¯úó| GLv‡b ¯ ¯ ivq-Gi c‡¶ `jxj‡K e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| GZØ¨ZxZ Igi (ivt)-Gi BR‡Znv`x wm×vš— Abyhvqx mvgwqKfv‡e Rvwi Kiv K‡Vvi cÖkvmwbK wb‡ ©k‡K AMÖvwaKvi †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| 3q `‡ji e³e¨ †iIqvqvZ I wìvqvZ-Gi we‡ivax| 4_© `‡ji e³e¨ KziAvb, Qnxn nv`xQ I ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi hy‡Mi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj|

wgmi I wmwiqv‡Z †k‡lv³ `‡ji e³e¨ miKvix AvBb wnmv‡e ¯xK…Z| †hgb wmixq AvB‡bi 91 avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, ¯vgx Zvi ¿x‡K wZbwU ZvjvK †Ìqvi AwaKvi iv‡L| 92 avivq ejv n‡q‡Q †h, kvwãKfv‡e †nŠK ev Bw½‡Z †nŠK K‡qKwU ZvjvK GK‡Î wgwjZfv‡e w`‡j ZØviv GKwUi †ekx cwZZ n‡e bv|92

1961 mv‡j cvwK¯—v‡b cªewZ©Z gymwjg cvievwiK AvB‡bI Gi ¯xK…wZ †g‡j| evsjv‡`‡kI D³ AvBb miKvixfv‡e Pvjy Av‡Q| †hgb ejv n‡q‡Q, Ô1961 mv‡ji gymwjg cvwievwiK AvBb cÖeZ©‡bi ci evsjv‡`‡k ZvjvK Avj-Avnmvb ev ZvjvK Avj-nvmv‡bi mwnZ ZvjvK Avj-we`v‡Zi †¶‡Î

91. hv yj gvÔAv` 5/241; BiIqvDj Mvjxj nv/2063, 7/139| 92. Avj-wdK¡ûm Bmjvgx Iqv Avw`j−vZzn~ (êi“Z : `vi“j wdK&i 3q ms¯‹iY 1989), c„t

407|

46 we‡kl †Kvb cv_©K¨ j¶¨ Kiv hvq bv| KviY GB AwW©b¨v‡Ýi weavb Abyhvqx ZvjvK †h cÖKv‡iB †NvlYv Kiv †nvK bv †Kb Dnv m‡½ m‡½ ejer n‡e bv| ZvjvK †NvlYvi †¶‡Î BDwbqb KvDwÝ‡ji †Pqvig¨vb‡K †h w`b †bvwUk cÖ vb Kiv n‡e †mw`b nÕ‡Z 90 w`b AwZevwnZ nevi ci ZvjvK ejer n‡eÕ|93

1961 mv‡ji gymwjg cvwievwiK AvB‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, Ô†h †Kvb AvKv‡i ZvjvK †NvlYvi ci h_vkxNÖ m¤¢e welqwU wjwLZfv‡e BDwbqb KvDwÝ‡ji †Pq¨vig¨vb‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e Ges †Pqvg¨vb‡K cÖ Ë wjwLZ †bvwU‡ki GK Kwc bKj Aci c¶‡K (¯vgx ev ¯¿x) w`‡Z n‡e| GB †bvwUk †`qvi weavb Agvb¨ Ki‡j GK eQi ch©š— webvkªg Kviv`Ê ev cuvP nvRvi UvKv ch©š— Rwigvbv A_ev Dfq cÖKvi kvw — n‡eÕ|

ZvjvK †h c¶B w`K bv †Kb, †hw`b †Pqvig¨vb‡K †bvwUk †`qv n‡e, †mw`b †_‡K beŸB w`b AwZevwnZ bv nIqv ch©š— ZvjvK ejer n‡e bv| Z‡e ¯vgx ZvjvK w`‡q _vK‡j Ges Zvjv‡Ki mgq ¿x Mf©eZx _vK‡j beŸB w`b Ges mš—vb f~wgô nIqv ch©š— G yÕwUi g‡a¨ †h †gqv`wU `xN©Zi, †mB †gqv` DËxY© nIqvi ci ZvjvK ejer n‡e|

†bvwUk cvevi w`b nÕ‡Z wZwik w`b mg‡qi g‡a¨ †Pqvig¨vb GKwU kvwjkx cwil` MVb Ki‡e| †Pqvig¨vb, GKRb ¯vgxi cÖwZwbwa Ges GKRb ¿xi cªwZwbwa GB wZb Rb‡K wb‡q kvwjkx cwil` MwVZ n‡e| GB cwil` ¯vgx-¯¿xi weev` wgwU‡q Zv‡ì‡K ZvjvK nÕ‡Z weiZ _vK‡Z ivRx Kivi Rb¨ h_vmva¨ †Póv Ki‡eb|

93. Gm,we. iwng, gymwjg RywimcÖ“‡WÝ, 2q ms®‹iY 1976, c„t 149; 7/(3) Takaq: Sub-

scction (5), a talaq,....shall not be effective until the expiration of nintey

days from the day on which notice under sub-section (1) is delivered to the

Chairman.

Modes of talaq: Talaq-i-bidaat, as in actual practice now-a-days, consists in the

pronouncement of 3 talaqs in one sitting which immediately therefter severs

the marriage tie and the divorce becomes irrevocale (Talaq-i-bain). This

from has its sanction under Hanafi Law and not recognised by the Shia as

also the shafi schools. The Muslim Family Laws Ordinace, 1961, PP. 60-

62.

47 cvwievwiK AvBb AwW©b¨v‡Ýi GB weavbwU cweÎ KziAvb kix‡di m~iv wbmvi 35 bs Avqv‡Zi wb‡ ©k Abymv‡i cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|94

G K wU wePv‡ i i bg ybv :

g‡b Ki“b 2q `‡ji †Q‡ji mv‡_ 4_© `‡ji †g‡qi weevn nÕj| wKš‘ yÕeQi c‡iB ¯vgx Zvi ¿x‡K GK‡Î wZb ZvjvK w`j Ges ¿x‡K Zvi

ev‡ci evox cvwV‡q w`j| Aíw`b c‡iB Df‡qi g‡a¨ Aby‡kvPbv RvM‡jv Ges cybwe©ev‡ni Rb¨ e¨vKzj n‡q DV‡jv| 2q `‡ji †Q‡ji wcZv Zvnjxj-Gi kZ© Av‡ivc K‡ib| c¶vš—‡i 4_© `‡ji †g‡qi wcZv webv Zvnjx‡jB RvgvB‡qi wbK‡U †g‡q‡K †diZ w`‡Z Pvb| GgZve ’vq Bmjvgx Av`vj‡Zi wePviK wK wePvi Ki‡eb? KviY †Q‡j I †g‡qi gvhnve GK bq| A_P yÕwU Rxeb wg‡jB GKwU msmvi| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki e¨w³MZ gvhnve‡K A¶zYœ ivL‡Z †M‡j msmvi Rxeb wech© — n‡e| GgZve¯’vq †`‡ki AwaKvsk gymjgvb-Gi gvhnve Abyhvqx MwVZ msweavb †gvZv‡eK hw` Av`vjZ ÔZvnjxjÕ-Gi c‡¶ ivq †`b, ZvnÕ‡j 4_© `‡ji †g‡qi evev ivhx n‡eb wK? A_ev Av`vjZ `jg‡Zi E‡aŸ© D‡V KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQ Abyhvqx Zvnjxj QvovB cybwe©ev‡ni wb‡ ©k w`‡eb| AwaKvs‡ki ivq-†K Gwo‡q Av`vjZ †m wi¯‹ wb‡Z hv‡eb wK-bv, †mUvB wePvh© welq| †`‡k Bmjvgx weavb Rvwi Ki‡Z B”QzK ivR‰bwZK `j¸wj welqwU Av‡MB dvqQvjv Ki“b|

Dc m snvi :

cwi‡k‡l ejv P‡j †h, ZvjvK yÕevi A_© †Kej gy‡L yÕevi ejv bq; eis m~iv‡q evK¡vivn I m~iv‡q Zvjv‡K¡ ewY©Z wbqgvbyhvqx BÏZ cvj‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ ZvjvK w`‡Z n‡e Ges wd‡i cvevi mKj my‡hvM Ly‡j ivL‡Z n‡e| bB‡j †mªd gy‡L ZvjvK ZvjvK ZvjvK wZbevi ej‡j ÔZvjv‡K

94. Imgvb MwY, gymwjg AvBb (XvKv : †Lvk‡ivR wKZve gnj, 2q ms®‹iY 1973), c„t

116-17| 7/(3) Talaq: (4) Within thirty days of the receipt of notice under

sub-Section (1). The Chairman shall constitute an Arbitration Council for

the purposee of bringing about a reconcilliation between the parties, and the

Arbiration Council shall take all steps necessary to bring about such

reconciliation. The Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961. pp. 60.

48 ev‡qbÕ n‡e bv| †hgb gy‡L QvjvZ QvjvZ QvjvZ cvuPevi ej‡j cvuP Iqv³ Qvjv‡Zi dih Av`vq nq bv|

BwZc~‡e© ewY©Z weØvb‡ì PviwU `‡ji g‡a¨ cÖ_g `j Zvjv‡Ki msL¨v‡KB †Kvb ¸i“Z¡ †`bwb| G‡Z Zvjv‡Ki msL¨vMZ ¸i“Z¡‡K jNy K‡i †`Lv n‡q‡Q| 2q `j ZvjvK-Gi msL¨v‡K me©vwaK ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb Ges G‡Z Zvjv‡Ki wbqg-c×wZ‡K nvjKv K‡i †`Lv n‡q‡Q| d‡j Zvjv‡Ki Aš—wb©wnZ mvgvwRK D‡Ïk¨ e¨vnZ n‡q‡Q Ges Zvjv‡Ki KziAvbx c×wZ cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| 3q `‡ji Av‡jvPbv AMÖnY‡hvM¨| 4_© `j mew`K †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q cweÎ KziAvb, Qnxn nv`xQ I ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi hy‡M cÖPwjZ ZvjvK weav‡bi w`‡K wd‡i †M‡Qb|

wd ‡ i P jyb KziA v b I myb œv n&i w`‡ K -

†h‡nZz weØvbMY GKwÎZ wZb ZvjvK-Gi e¨vcv‡i gZ‡f` K‡i‡Qb Ges K‡qKwU `‡j wef³ n‡q‡Qb, †m KviY Avj−vn&i wb‡ ©k Abyhvqx Avgv‡ì‡K Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji w`‡K wd‡i †h‡Z n‡e Ges wbi‡c¶Zvi `vexI †mUvB| ZvQvov Zv‡Z cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK Kj¨vY wbtm‡›`‡n †ekx| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb,

KG5EF& 47A�4?Bb�B�B� 4q5& It4qB� 4p�A�F&A8 1F�5S 5=Y�� 4>A�6��B5� KG5S 4�L�47A� 4>A�5,4+A�FG 5=Y��5( 5d4>_B�K��B 5�5Q£� B\5�Fo C�4�BQ A"B*4!F�B 4 5K�B�T�3

Ôhw` †Zvgiv †Kvb wel‡q SMov Ki, ZvnÕ‡j welqwU Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji w`‡K wdwi‡q `vI| GUvB n‡e DËg I me‡P‡q my›ì iv —vÕ (wbmv 4/59)| bB‡j wZb Zvjv‡Ki k‡ãi e¨vcv‡i K‡VviZv Av‡ivc Ki‡Z wM‡q ¯vgx I ¯¿x‡K Zvnjx‡ji gZ †bvsiv c‡_i w`‡K †V‡j w`‡Z n‡e, hv Kvi“ Kvg¨ bq|

AZGe Avmyb! Avgiv cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn mybœvn&i w`‡K wd‡i hvB Ges wb‡R‡ì cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK Rxeb‡K kvwš—gq K‡i Zzwj| Avj−vn Avgv‡ì ZvIdxK w`b| -Avgxb!!

�� P2 �B�A��? =��S l6�� lP +5G�,b H�� " �$ =( 47A�4$� ��*�� .� +A��{ 7��? ¥*:�� ",

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