zeroemission agriculture bio climate impact char …
TRANSCRIPT
Tobias Pape Thomsen, RUC IMT
ZEROEMISSIONAGRICULTUREBIOCHARCLIMATE IMPACT FROM PRODUCTION AND USE OF
ZERO EMISSION AGRCULTURE | IMPACT OVERVIEW FROM PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOCHAR | Tobias Pape Thomsen
BioChar15-40%mass
Gas15-40%mass
Bio-oil30-70%mass
The rest …
Pyrolysis of biomass e.g. cereal strawTemperatures typically 500-700 °CRetention time from seconds to hours, no O2!
XE
ZERO EMISSION AGRCULTURE | IMPACT OVERVIEW FROM PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOCHAR | Tobias Pape Thomsen
© AquaGreen
© Stiesdal
ZERO EMISSION AGRCULTURE | IMPACT OVERVIEW FROM PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOCHAR | Tobias Pape Thomsen
SEM
pic
ture
s©
Giu
lia R
aven
ni, D
TU K
T
ZERO EMISSION AGRCULTURE | IMPACT OVERVIEW FROM PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOCHAR | Tobias Pape Thomsen
EBC* BioChar definition:• Carbon content > 50%, dry mass• H/C ratio < 0.7• O/C ratio < 0.4
Commonly found characteristics:• High pH ~ 8-12 (liming effect at high dose)• Porous structure and large surface area, up to 1000+ m2/g• Increase soil water and nutrient holding capacity• Increase soil cation exchange capacity• Slow-release of PK & micro nutrients• Contains large amounts of highly recalcitrant carbon
* European Biochar Certificate: https://www.european-biochar.org/biochar/media/doc/ebc-guidelines.pdf
ZERO EMISSION AGRCULTURE | IMPACT OVERVIEW FROM PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOCHAR | Tobias Pape Thomsen
ZERO EMISSION AGRCULTURE | IMPACT OVERVIEW FROM PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOCHAR | Tobias Pape Thomsen
ZERO EMISSION AGRCULTURE | IMPACT OVERVIEW FROM PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOCHAR | Tobias Pape Thomsen
Case 1 | Primary residues
• Carbon sink • NPK Fertilizer value• Soil enhancement effects• Fuel use, machinery costs
and soil disturbance
ZERO EMISSION AGRCULTURE | IMPACT OVERVIEW FROM PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOCHAR | Tobias Pape Thomsen
• Fossil Oil substitution
• Carbon sink• PK fertilizer value• Soil enhancement• Fuel use, machinery costs and soil disturbance
• Heat substitution value(varies a lot)
• Direct emissions and/or indirect emissions from energy/material input
& transportation& infrastructure (plant costs)
& options for cascading in charvalue chain (e.g. as filter)
& …
ZERO EMISSION AGRCULTURE | IMPACT OVERVIEW FROM PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOCHAR | Tobias Pape Thomsen
-1600
-1400
-1200
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
0Thomsen et al (2011)* Hammond et al (2011)** Thomsen (2021)***
Kg C
O2-
eq p
er to
n st
raw
* https://forskning.ruc.dk/da/publications/the-potential-of-pyrolysis-technology-in-climate-change-mitigatio** https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511001236*** Under review
With soilenhancement effectassumptions
ZERO EMISSION AGRCULTURE | IMPACT OVERVIEW FROM PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOCHAR | Tobias Pape Thomsen
Case 2 | Secondaryresidues
• Direct emissions and/or indirect emissions from energy/material input
• Carbon sink • NPK Fertilizer value• Soil enhancement effects• Fuel use, machinery costs
and soil disturbance• N2O/CH4 emissions
ZERO EMISSION AGRCULTURE | IMPACT OVERVIEW FROM PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOCHAR | Tobias Pape Thomsen
MANURE/DIGESTATEPYROLYSIS
• Direct emissions and/or indirect emissions from energy/material input
• Heat substitution value(varies a lot)
• Carbon sink (char)• NPK Fertilizer value• Soil enhancement• Fuel use, mach.
costs and soil dist.• N2O/CH4 emissions
(liquid) & transportation& infrastructure (plant costs)
& options for cascading in charvalue chain (e.g. as filter)
& system integration synergi&…
ZERO EMISSION AGRCULTURE | IMPACT OVERVIEW FROM PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOCHAR | Tobias Pape Thomsen
Rough estimation of maximum carbon footprint reduction potential from pyrolysis of Danish manure/digestate fibers [mio t CO2-eq]
Energy product value (mainly heat) 0-0.5
Carbon sink effect 1.5-2
Reduced N2O+CH4 from storage and field 0-2?
N2O inhibition ?
Other soil effects and influence on crop yields ?
Loss of N-fertilizer value -0.2
Synergy and system integration effects ???
SUM of included factors ≈ .. STABIL
ZERO EMISSION AGRCULTURE | IMPACT OVERVIEW FROM PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOCHAR | Tobias Pape Thomsen