zero waste agriculture for jatropha plantation - machines.pdf · utilization of jatropha biomass...
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Zero Waste Agriculture for Zero Waste Agriculture for Jatropha PlantationJatropha Plantation
44thth Biomass Asia Workshop , Shah Biomass Asia Workshop , Shah AlamAlam, Malaysia20, Malaysia20--22 November 200722 November 2007
Assoc.Prof.SiriluckAssoc.Prof.Siriluck NivitchanyongNivitchanyong
Assistant DirectorAssistant DirectorNational Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC)National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC)
Alternative Energy Program Host Alternative Energy Program Host National Science and Technology Development Agency National Science and Technology Development Agency
(NSTDA)(NSTDA)
THAILANDTHAILAND
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Outline• zero waste philosophy• Example of MTEC initiatives projects on
Utilization of Jatropha Biomass1.Plantation / Acidic Soil2.Oil extraction3.Biodiesel from Jatropha oil4.Utilisation of glycerol by product of BDF process5.Jatropha biomass gasification to syn-gas
BTL synthesis liquid fuels by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis6.Other value-added products: feed , particle board,
hand made paper and compost • Conclusion
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MTEC / NSTDA Partners
• Kasetsart University: KU (Plantation & Value-added products)
• Thai Machinery Association: TMA (Oil extraction)• Thailand Institute of Scientific Technological
Research: TISTR (Biodiesel conversion)• Prince Songkla University ( Glycerol Utilisation) • Chulalongkorn University: CU (Gasification)• King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology North
Bangkok: KMITNB (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis)
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Zero waste is“philosophy that aims to guide people in the redesign of their resource-use system with the aim of reducing waste to zero. Put simply zero waste is an idea to extend the current ideas of recycling to form a circular system where as much waste as possible is reused, similar to the way it is in nature”
---wikipedia
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Biomass Community Project 2006Biomass Community Project 2006--2008 2008 RangsitRangsit acidic soil areaacidic soil area(North(North--East of Bangkok)East of Bangkok)
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Dr. Chinawong, KU
1.Plantation of Jatropha curcas L.
Cuttings
Seedling Soil Management & Land Preparation
Plantation
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Leaves Flower
Dr. Chinawong, KU Seeds and Shells
Fruit
Biomass from Jatropha plant
stem
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1 Jatropha plant
1 Kg.seed 3 Kg.shell 10 Kg.leaves 20 Kg.stem
Oil 250 cc. Seed cake 750 g.
Dry shell 1 Kg.
Dry leaves 2.5 Kg. Dry stem 5 Kg.
Biomass
Biodiesel
production
Power/electricity generation
Biomass from 1 Jatropha tree
in 1 Year
Other value added products
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2. Jatropha Oil Extraction & Pelletizingmachine
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Production of oil and solid fuel from Jatropha fruitProduction of oil and solid fuel from Jatropha fruit
Shelling machine
Extractionmachine
Pelletising machine
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Shelling Machine
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Manual extractionManual extraction Motorized extractionMotorized extraction
Agricultural communesAgricultural communes
Experienced engineering work
Jatropha oil extraction machine
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Cycle time approximately 2 Cycle time approximately 2 minsminsMANUAL EXTRACTIONMANUAL EXTRACTION
Jatropha oilJatropha oilextractedextracted
Jatropha oil extraction machine
Single screw press oil expeller Single screw press oil expeller (10(10--15 15 kg.(seedkg.(seed)/hour))/hour)
Single screw press oil expeller (50Single screw press oil expeller (50--70 70 kg.(seedkg.(seed)/hour))/hour)
MOTORISED EXTRACTIONMOTORISED EXTRACTION
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Training
Training
เครื่องหีบสบูดาํแบบตอเนื่องขนาดเลก็
เครื่องหีบสบูดาํแบบตอเนื่องขนาดกลาง
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PelletisingPelletising MachinesMachines
Seed cake
Jatropha pellet Powder & Binder
Powder
PELLETING MACHINEPELLETING MACHINE
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3. Biodiesel from Jatropha oil
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1.Mix MeOH+NaOHwith Jatropha @ 60 C,1 hr
2.Remove Glecerol4. Setting and remove waste water
5.Heat for removewater then move toBD storage tank
3.Wash BD with water
Water
5 Steps of Biodiesel Production
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4. Utilization of Glycerol by-product of Biodiesel Production
1,3 Propanediol from Glycerol
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Isolation and Selection of Microorganism Enable to Produce 1,3 Propanediol from Glycerol
1.1. isolate and identify bacterial strains for isolate and identify bacterial strains for 1,3 1,3 propanediolpropanediol productionproduction
2. select the best strain producing the highest 2. select the best strain producing the highest 1,3 1,3 propanediolpropanediol
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5. Utilisation of Jatropha cake Solid Fuel for Biomass Gasification
BTL : Biomass To LiquidBiomass Gasification Research at MTEC
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Gross specific energy in each Gross specific energy in each JatrophaJatropha BiomassBiomassVS others biomass & fuel (ASTM D5865-02a)
Biomass Gross specific energy Kcal/Kg
Rice HuskRice Husk 3,000
Palm ShellPalm Shell 4,200
coalcoal 5,500
Heavy Oil Heavy Oil 9,900
StemStem
Seed cakeSeed cake 4,496
ShellShell 3,123
LeavesLeaves 3,624
3,932
Dr. Chinawong, KU
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Biomass to Biomass to SynSyn--gas /Fuel Gas and to synthesis liquid fuel gas /Fuel Gas and to synthesis liquid fuel
Catalytic gas upgradingJATROPHA Biomass
Feed
Hopper/Feeder
SteamAirBlower
Blower
Stack
Ash
Gasifier
Cyclone Condensers
Burner
Bio-oil
Fuel gas
Flue gas
FischerTropsch
GASIFICATION PROCESS DEVELOPMENT UNIT
4m- Pilot scale fluidized bed gasification
MTEC & CU
Biomass to Syn-gas Gasification
PyrolysisCatalytic Gas separation
Syn-gas to Synthesis Fuel
Fischer-TropschsynthesisNovel catalyst developmentReactor design
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Biomass to Biomass to SynSyn--gas/Fuel Gas gas/Fuel Gas //
4m- Pilot scale fluidized bed gasification
Pilot scale swirling bed gasifier of 50 kW
SynSyn--gas to Synthesis Fuelsgas to Synthesis Fuels
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Catalytic RigCatalyst is selective forward to higher hydrocarbons (>C10)MTEC & CU & KMITNB
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6. Other Value-Added Products from Jatropha Biomass
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Value added from branch and stemValue added from branch and stemstems from cutting propagation
Hand made paper & Particle board from stem
solid fuel
charcoal
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Macronutrient in each Jatropha partsMacronutrient in each Jatropha parts
Parts Nitrogen%)
Phosphorous (%)
Potassium(%)
Stem and branchStem and branch 0.50 0.25 1.74
LeavesLeaves 1.77 0.53 2.43
ShellShell 0.86 0.14 7.107.10
CakeCake 3.94 0.77 1.93
Dr. Chinawong, KU
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Value added ofValue added of
JatrophaJatropha cakecake
Organic fertilizer
Compost (stems/tops)
animal feed (after detoxification by steaming)
Jatrophacake
Jatrophashell
Detoxificated cake
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Conclusions
• Zero waste philosophy for jatropha plantationis demonstrated
• Plan to deploy biomass-to-bioenergy concept or Bio-refinery to Complete-Cycle Biodiesel Pilot Plant
• Plan to extend the concept to palm plantation in Rangsit acidic soil area
• Issues & Concern of Promotion Jatropha
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Issues & Concern of Promotion Jatropha
• R&D in harvesting method to reduce harvesting cost • R&D in new variety of non-toxic and machinability
harvesting • R&D in conversion toxic chemicals to pharmaceutical /
cosmetic products• Adding algae technology to reduce CO2 /GHG from
gasifier and waste water treatment
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Thank You for Your Attention
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