zero waste 2020: a key step towards a a key step towards a ...old- · zero waste 2020: a key step...
TRANSCRIPT
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ZERO WASTE 2020:ZERO WASTE 2020:A key step towards aA key step towards a sustainable futuresustainable future
Capannori, Feb, 2007
Dr PaulDr Paul ConnettConnettProfessor Emeritus of ChemistryProfessor Emeritus of ChemistrySt Lawrence University, Canton, NYSt Lawrence University, Canton, NY
PaulPaul@@AmericanAmericanHealthHealthStudies.Studies.orgorg
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SPOSTARSI A VALLE
Progettare i rifiuti
all’esterno del ciclo produttivo
ZERO WASTE
NO ALLASOCIETA’
USA E GETTA
SÌ A UNASOCIETA’
SOSTENIBILE
RIFIUTI ZERO 2020
NO ALL’INCENERIMENTO
NO ALLE DISCARICHE
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DobbiamoDobbiamo copiarecopiare lala naturanatura
�� LaLa naturanatura non producenon produce rifiutirifiuti!! �� II rifiutirifiuti sonosono unun’’invenzioneinvenzione delldell’’uomouomo�� SocietSocietàà sostenibilesostenibile == societsocietàà aa rifiutirifiuti
zerozero�� Like sustainability, Zero Waste is anLike sustainability, Zero Waste is an
idealistic goal,idealistic goal, �� butbut Zero Waste 2020Zero Waste 2020 puts this goalputs this goal
into a realistic time frameinto a realistic time frame
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Viviamo su questo pianeta come se neViviamo su questo pianeta come se ne avessimo un altro su cui trasferirciavessimo un altro su cui trasferirci……
Non possiamo continuare a vivere in unaNon possiamo continuare a vivere in una societsocietàà ““usa e gettausa e getta”” su un pianeta finitosu un pianeta finito
Con le discariche non facciamo altroCon le discariche non facciamo altro cheche SOTTERRARESOTTERRARE le provele prove
Gli inceneritori non fanno cheGli inceneritori non fanno che BRUCIAREBRUCIARE le provele prove
Dobbiamo affrontare ilDobbiamo affrontare il vero problemavero problema ……
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Il problema nonIl problema non èè:: ““come eliminare i rifiuticome eliminare i rifiuti””,, ma piuttostoma piuttostocome NON produrlicome NON produrli
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I rifiuti non sono unI rifiuti non sono un problema tecnologicoproblema tecnologicosono un problema disono un problema di progettazione industrialeprogettazione industriale
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GliGli inceneritoriinceneritori produconoproduconocenericeneri tossichetossiche
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MODERN TRASH INCINERATOR
CHUTE SECONDARY CHAMBER
TURBINE
BOILER
ELECTRICITY
STEAM
TRASH BOTTOM ASH FLY ASH
TEMP < 200oC
DRY SCRUBBER
FABRIC FILTER
WET SCRUBBER
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
Ca(OH) 2 SUSPENSION
AMMONIA INJECTION
GRATES
SEMI
DE-NOX
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GliGli inceneritoriinceneritori emettonoemettonogasgas tossicitossici
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DioxinsDioxins -- major concernsmajor concerns•• One literOne liter of cowsof cows’’ milk gives the same dose of dioxin asmilk gives the same dose of dioxin as
breathing air next to the cows forbreathing air next to the cows for EIGHT MONTHSEIGHT MONTHS((ConnettConnett and Webster, 1987).and Webster, 1987).
•• Dioxins steadily accumulate in human body fat.Dioxins steadily accumulate in human body fat. TheThe man cannot get rid of them BUT A woman canman cannot get rid of them BUT A woman can……
•• ……by having a baby!by having a baby!
•• TheThe highest dosehighest dose of dioxin goes to theof dioxin goes to the fetusfetus and then toand then to thethe new born infant via breastfeedingnew born infant via breastfeeding
•• This is very worrying becauseThis is very worrying because dioxins interfere withdioxins interfere with hormoneshormones which control sexual and mentalwhich control sexual and mental developmentdevelopment
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OUT OF OUR BABIES!OUT OF OUR BABIES!
WE WANT DIOXINWE WANT DIOXIN
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IncinerationIncineration isis dangerousdangerous
�� InIn citiescities becausebecause the finethe fine particlesparticles cancan getget deepdeep downdown intointo ourour lungslungs
�� InIn ruralrural areasareas becausebecause thethe dioxinsdioxins cancan getget intointo ourour foodfood
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“Anche rendendo sicurosicuro ll’’incenerimentoincenerimento,,Esso non sarà mai una cosa sensatasensata. Semplicemente non ha senso spendere così tanti soldi Per distruggere risorse che dovremmo RisparmiareRisparmiare perper ilil futurofuturo.” (PC)
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Incineration is notIncineration is not sustainablesustainable
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WasteWaste && AgricultureAgriculture
�� 1)1) LandfillsLandfills useuse upup valuablevaluable landland�� 2)2) IncineratorsIncinerators putput persistentpersistent toxicstoxics
intointo thethe soilsoil and foodand food�� 3) Zero3) Zero WasteWaste 20202020 attemptsattempts toto
maximizemaximize the return ofthe return of nutrientsnutrients toto thethe soilsoil and conserveand conserve soilsoil qualityquality
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Un approccio migliore:Un approccio migliore:RIFIUTI ZERO 2020RIFIUTI ZERO 2020
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SPOSTARSI A VALLE
Progettare i rifiuti
all’esterno del ciclo produttivo
ZERO WASTE
NO ALLASOCIETA’
USA E GETTA
SÌ A UNASOCIETA’
SOSTENIBILE
RIFIUTI ZERO 2020
NO ALL’INCENERIMENTO
NO ALLE DISCARICHE
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RESPONSABILITARESPONSABILITA’’INDUSTRIALE IN AZIONEINDUSTRIALE IN AZIONE
XEROX CORPORATION EUROPEXEROX CORPORATION EUROPE
�� Recupero di vecchie macchine fotocopiatrici da oltreRecupero di vecchie macchine fotocopiatrici da oltre 16 paesi16 paesi
�� Raccolte in enormi depositi in Olanda, doveRaccolte in enormi depositi in Olanda, dove vengono smontatevengono smontate
�� Oltre ilOltre il 95%95% dei materiali viene riutilizzato odei materiali viene riutilizzato o riciclato!riciclato!
�� Con un risparmio diCon un risparmio di $76 milioni$76 milioni nel 2000nel 2000!!!!
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RESPONSABILITARESPONSABILITA’’ della COMUNITAdella COMUNITA’’ ::Our discarded materialsOur discarded materials��1.1. AvoidablesAvoidables��2.2. ReusablesReusables��3.3. CompostablesCompostables��4. Recyclables4. Recyclables��5.5. ToxicsToxics��6. Residuals6. Residuals
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RESPONSABILITARESPONSABILITA’’della COMUNITAdella COMUNITA’’
�� AvoidablesAvoidables -- Iniziative diIniziative di ““prevenzioneprevenzione”” dei rifiutidei rifiuti �� ReusablesReusables -- Oggetti riutilizzabili in Centri di ReOggetti riutilizzabili in Centri di Re--
impiego e Riciclaggio.impiego e Riciclaggio.�� Raccolta porta a porta di:Raccolta porta a porta di:�� 1)1) rifiutirifiuti compostabilicompostabili�� 2)2) rifiuti riciclabilirifiuti riciclabili�� 3)3) residuiresidui (= cattiva progettazione industriale)(= cattiva progettazione industriale)�� 4)4) Prodotti domesticiProdotti domestici tossicitossici (vernici,batterie)(vernici,batterie)�� DeDe--costruire invece di demolire.costruire invece di demolire.
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PortaPorta aa PortaPorta
�� LL’’italiaitalia haha unouno deidei migliorimigliori centricentri didiricercaricerca alal mondomondo per laper la progettazioneprogettazionedidi unauna raccoltaraccolta portaporta aa portaporta efficaceefficaceeded efficienteefficiente didi rifiutirifiuti riciclabiliriciclabili ee organiciorganici
�� EnzoEnzo FavorinoFavorino (Parco Monza, Milan)(Parco Monza, Milan)
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ComunitComunitàà in Lazioin Lazio cheche hannohannoriciclatoriciclato pipiùù del 50%del 50% deidei rifiutirifiutiattraversoattraverso ilil sistemasistema didi raccoltaraccoltaportaporta--aa--portaporta in un solo anno!in un solo anno!
52%52%4,7004,700CastelforteCastelforte50%50%1,6701,670BassianoBassiano54%54%3,0293,029MonterosiMonterosi65%65%4,2004,200LenolaLenola64%64%7,0007,000SermonetaSermoneta54%54%7,1547,154SonninoSonnino
%% rifiutorifiuto
differenziatodifferenziatoPopulaPopulazionezioneComuneComune
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RISULTATI QUANTITATIVIRISULTATI QUANTITATIVIAUMENTO % RACCOLTA DIFFERENZIATAAUMENTO % RACCOLTA DIFFERENZIATA
27,18% 33,64%
65,64% 70,42% 73,82% 75,63%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
CONSORZIO ANNO 2000 (14 COMUNI)
CONSORZIO ANNO 2001 (14 COMUNI)
CONSORZIO ANNO 2002 (14 COMUNI)
CONSORZIO ANNO 2003 (18 COMUNI)
CONSORZIO ANNO 2004 (22 COMUNI)
CONSORZIO ANNO 2005 (22 COMUNI)
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RISULTATI QUANTITATIVIRISULTATI QUANTITATIVIAUMENTO % RACCOLTA DIFFERENZIATAAUMENTO % RACCOLTA DIFFERENZIATA
42,1
9%
80,2
0%
32,5
3%
78,5
3%
31,6
8%
75,0
4%
25,2
2%
74,4
1%
25,1
1%
79,0
9%
19,0
5%
75,3
6%
35,4
0%
72,4
1%
15,0
6%
72,5
2%
19,4
5%
75,4
4%
35,4
6%
78,7
5%
18,9
4%
74,3
2%
18,4
8%
72,3
5%
18,2
3%
70,8
3%
32,4
3%
68,7
0%
48,4
1%
75,6
2%
45,9
8%
73,6
9%
67,8
9%
82,0
6%
54,9
6%
75,0
8%
11,5
5%
79,9
8%
47,0
1%
81,4
5%
55,1
6%
78,7
9%
46,1
3%
81,2
9%
33,7
4%
75,6
3%
0,00%
10,00%
20,00%
30,00%
40,00%
50,00%
60,00%
70,00%
80,00%
90,00%
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ANNO 2000
ANNO 2005
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DIFFERENZIATA COSTA DI PIU?DIFFERENZIATA COSTA DI PIU?A N D A M E N T O D E I C O S T I D I G E S T I O N E O P E R A T I V A
C O N E S E N Z A R A C C O L T A D I F F E R E N Z I A T A
€ 9 1 , 6 4
€ 6 7 , 6 8
€ 7 3 , 9 2
€ 6 0 , 5 8
€ 6 5 , 6 9
€ 3 0 , 0 0
€ 4 0 , 0 0
€ 5 0 , 0 0
€ 6 0 , 0 0
€ 7 0 , 0 0
€ 8 0 , 0 0
€ 9 0 , 0 0
€ 1 0 0 , 0 0
1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5
A N N O
€/ab
Costi di gestione senza raccolta differenziata
Costi di gestione con raccolta differenziata
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ItaliaItalia
�� Over 600 communities in Italy areOver 600 communities in Italy are achieving over 50% diversion usingachieving over 50% diversion using PortaPorta aa PortaPorta collection systemscollection systems
�� In the North, NovaraIn the North, Novara -- (population =(population = 100,000) at 70% diversion100,000) at 70% diversion
�� In the South, Near Salerno 4In the South, Near Salerno 4 communities over 70%communities over 70%
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San FranciscoSan Francisco
�� Popolazione = 850.000Popolazione = 850.000�� Carenza di spazioCarenza di spazio �� 50% raccolta differenziata entro il 200050% raccolta differenziata entro il 2000�� 63% raccolta differenziata entro il 200463% raccolta differenziata entro il 2004�� 75% raccolta differenziata entro il 201075% raccolta differenziata entro il 2010
(obiettivo)(obiettivo)�� 100% (or100% (or veryvery closeclose!)entro il 2020!)entro il 2020 ––
Zero RifiutiZero Rifiuti
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II ““Fantastici 3Fantastici 3””
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ALL FOOD SCRAPS, YARD TRIMMINGS ANDALL FOOD SCRAPS, YARD TRIMMINGS AND COMPOSTABLE PAPER GO IN THECOMPOSTABLE PAPER GO IN THE GREENGREEN CARTCART
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Impianto diImpianto di CompostaggioCompostaggio
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ALL BOTTLES, CANS ANDALL BOTTLES, CANS AND RECYCLABLE PAPER GO IN THERECYCLABLE PAPER GO IN THEBLUEBLUE CARTCART
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WHAT CANWHAT CAN’’T BE RECYCLED ORT BE RECYCLED OR COMPOSTED GOES IN THECOMPOSTED GOES IN THE BLACKBLACK CARTCART
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Come gestiamo laCome gestiamo la frazione residua: unfrazione residua: un momento cruciale dellamomento cruciale della filosofia Rifiuti Zerofilosofia Rifiuti Zero
FrazioneFrazione ResiduaResidua == cattivacattiva progettazioneprogettazioneindustrialeindustriale
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IMPIANTO DI SEPARAZONEIMPIANTO DI SEPARAZONEdelladella FRAZIONE RESIDUAFRAZIONE RESIDUA
��These facilities are operating inThese facilities are operating in Nuova Scozia (Canada)Nuova Scozia (Canada)
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Nuova Scozia (Canada)Nuova Scozia (Canada)
�� 50% dei rifiuti sottratto alle discariche in50% dei rifiuti sottratto alle discariche in 5 anni5 anni (Halifax ~ 60%)(Halifax ~ 60%)
�� 1000 posti di lavoro creati dall1000 posti di lavoro creati dall’’aprile 1996aprile 1996
�� Altri 2000 posti di lavoro creati in industrieAltri 2000 posti di lavoro creati in industrie che usano i materiali separatiche usano i materiali separati
�� NearlyNearly allall thethe separatedseparated materialsmaterials areare rere-usedused in Novain Nova ScotiaScotia’’ss ownown industriesindustries..
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ConsiglioConsiglio::
LaLa creazionecreazione didi unun
““IstitutoIstituto NazionaleNazionaleperper unauna SocietSocietàà SostenibileSostenibile””
ConCon funzionefunzione didi coordinamentocoordinamento delladella ricercaricercalocale elocale e regionaleregionale pressopresso ilil Centro per laCentro per la RicercaRicerca e lo Screeninge lo Screening sullasulla FrazioneFrazioneResiduaResidua (=(= cattivacattiva progettazioneprogettazione industrialeindustriale))
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IncenerendoIncenerendo ……
…… si convertonosi convertono 33 tonnellate ditonnellate di rifiuti in:rifiuti in:
11 tonnellata di ceneritonnellata di ceneri tossichetossiche
che nessuno vuole!!!che nessuno vuole!!!
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Con la strategia RifiutiCon la strategia Rifiuti ZeroZero
Si convertonoSi convertono TRETRE tonnellate ditonnellate di rifiuti in:rifiuti in:
1 tonnellata di risorse1 tonnellata di risorse compostabilicompostabili1 tonnellata di risorse riciclabili1 tonnellata di risorse riciclabili
ee1 tonnellata di consapevolezza!1 tonnellata di consapevolezza!
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Messaggio allMessaggio all’’industria:industria:
•• Se non possiamoSe non possiamo riutilizzarloriutilizzarlo,, riciclarloriciclarlo oo compostarlocompostarlo,,
•• ll’’industria non dovrebbeindustria non dovrebbe produrlo!!!produrlo!!!
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1. UNA TAZZA 2. UN SECCHIO 3. UNA POMPA A PEDALE 4. UNA POMPA ELETTRICA
Chi tenta di risolvere il problema A VALLE pensa …
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Chi tenta di risolvere il problema A MONTE pensa …
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Esempi di iniziative diEsempi di iniziative di prevenzione dei rifiutiprevenzione dei rifiuti
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Tasmania, AustraliaTasmania, Australia
�� Nel 2003,Nel 2003, ColeCole’’s Bay, in Tasmania, has Bay, in Tasmania, ha vietato i sacchetti di plastica. Da alloravietato i sacchetti di plastica. Da allora altre 80 cittaltre 80 cittàà hanno fatto lo stesso.hanno fatto lo stesso.
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IrlandaIrlanda
Nel 2003 lNel 2003 l’’Irlanda ha introdotto unaIrlanda ha introdotto una tassa di 15 centesimi sui sacchetti ditassa di 15 centesimi sui sacchetti di plastica:plastica:
�� LL’’uso dei sacchetti di plasticauso dei sacchetti di plastica èèdiminuito deldiminuito del 92%92%……
�� Nel 2003 il restante 8% ha generatoNel 2003 il restante 8% ha generatooltreoltre 12,7 milioni di euro12,7 milioni di euro ……
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ItaliaItalia
�� In alcuni supermercatiIn alcuni supermercati CoopCoop vicino avicino a Firenze i clienti possono riempire iFirenze i clienti possono riempire i propri contenitori di shampoo,propri contenitori di shampoo, detergenti ecc.detergenti ecc.
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GermaniaGermania
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Summary: Our discardedSummary: Our discarded MaterialsMaterials�� 1.1. AvoidablesAvoidables (community initiatives)(community initiatives)�� 2.2. ReusablesReusables (Reuse and Repair Facility)(Reuse and Repair Facility)�� 3.3. CompostablesCompostables (Composting Facility)(Composting Facility)�� 4. Recyclables4. Recyclables (Materials Recovery Facility)(Materials Recovery Facility)
�� 5. Residuals5. Residuals (Screening & Research Facility)(Screening & Research Facility)
�� 6.6. ToxicsToxics ((Screening & Research FacilityScreening & Research Facility -�� Research for clean production)Research for clean production)
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CompostingCompostingFacilityFacility
MaterialsMaterialsRecoveryRecovery
FacilityFacility ResidualResidual ScreeningScreening&& Reseach
FacilityFacility
Reuse &Reuse &RepairRepair Household ToxicsHousehold Toxics
1 2 3
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Zero waste InitiativesZero waste Initiatives around the worldaround the world
��www.www.zwiazwia.org.org��Note over 50% ofNote over 50% of
communities in Newcommunities in New Zealand have declared aZealand have declared a Zero Waste strategyZero Waste strategy
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ConclusioniConclusioni�� NonNon abbiamoabbiamo bisognobisogno didi inceneritoriinceneritori!!
��EsistonoEsistono alternativealternative ��migliorimigliori pipiùù sicuresicure,,��migliorimigliori perper ll’’economiaeconomia,,��migliorimigliori perper ilil pianetapianeta,, ee��migliorimigliori per iper i vostrivostri figlifigli……
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Handling theHandling the ResidualsResiduals
�� IncineratorIncinerator++
�� AshAsh landfilllandfill
�� ResidualResidual ScreeningScreening andand ResearchResearchfacilityfacility
++�� StabilizedStabilized organicorganic
landfilllandfill
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DioDioriciclaricicla,,
ilil diavolodiavolobruciabrucia