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Zdravko BoosIntel European Research & Innovation Conference23rd October 2013

The Future View from RF Perspective

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Outline:

RF Challenges

2G/3G/4G Solutions

5G requirements

Future View

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Total Cellular Device Market by Application

156 208 235 223 201 181 163 146

1,0251,071 1,043 999

942 891 843 793

175300

480 610 730 838 939 1,0350

10

2845 55 63 70 78

50

75

95105

115122

127130

29

38

5368

85105

115125

1,451

1,726

1,9582,081

2,1712,258

2,3322,403

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Grey handsets Traditional handsets SmartphonesTablets Netbooks NotebooksUSB Dongles Data Cards Other CEs

Mio.

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RF Challenges

Multiple RATs (2G, 3G, 4G, BT, GNSS, WiFi…)

Frequency bands (4 in 2G, -> 40 in 4G, ? 5G)

Carrier aggregation (DL, UL, inter/intra, ….)

MIMO (2x2 -> 8x8)

Power consumption (< 40 mA in UMTS 0 dBm)

Chip area (cost)

PCB area (cost)

Component height

Number of antennas

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RF Transceiver Requirements

How to come there?

3GPP rel.xx

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SMARTi 3GE

550mm² PCB Area

Triple Mode 4 Band GSM/EDGE 3 Band UMTS/HSPDA 130nm CMOS

2008

SMARTi PM2

200mm² PCB Area

Dual Mode 4 Band GSM/EDGE 130nm CMOS

2005

SMARTi+

650mm² PCB Area

Single Mode 3 Band GSM/GPRS 0.35µm BiCMOS

2000

SMARTi UE2

280mm² PCB Area

Triple Mode 4 Band GSM/EDGE 5 Band UMTS/HSPA+ RX Diversity 65nm CMOS

2011

Moore‘s Law of Multiradio Integration:The SMARTi TRX Evolution

Triplication of # of bands and # of modes in a decade @ 1/3 of the space

Page 6

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Block Diagram of the AnalogMultimode Multiband Transmitter

Supported modes:• GSM• EDGE• EDGEEvo• WCDMA• HSPA+• LTE…

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TX concept evolution from Analog to Digital

• Reconstruction filter removed

• D/A combined with mixer

• PA driver removed

• APLL replaced with DPLL

• External TX SAW omitted

=> 17b RFDAC requirement

DPLL

(as in audio but at 100000 times higher freq.)

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Digital Transmitter Block Diagram

DCO

mag

phaseFIL d/dt INT

FIL INT

DPLL

I

Q

NS

NS

RF

DAC

DIG

INT

V

3.09

Gain

control

C

O

R

D

I

C

D

S

P

Fixed clock domain Variable clock domain

For an highly competitive digital cellular transmitter 65 nm was a breakeven technology

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Measurement results Modulations masks GSM, EDGE @ 895MHz

GSMPower = +15,5dBmPhase Error = 0,8°

Noise in GPS Band = -180 dBc/Hz

EDGE (without pre-distortion)Power = +8,5dBmEVM = 1,46%Noise in GPS Band = -166dBc/Hz

Offset 1.2 dB

A

LVL

Att 10 dB*Ref 16.2 dBm

EXT

AVG

1 SA

Center 895 MHz Span 1 MHz100 kHz/

*

*

3DB

RBW 30 kHz

VBW 30 kHz

SWT 5 ms

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

SWP 500 of 500

1

Marker 1 [T1 ]

0.72 dBm

895.000000000 MHz

2

Delta 2 [T1 ]

-67.54 dB

-400.000000000 kHz

1

Delta 1 [T1 ]

-67.59 dB

400.000000000 kHz

EDGEMODM

Date: 24.JAN.2011 09:23:08

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Measured TX far off noise in High Band / WCDMA

•Ftx = 1907 MHz•Output Power = +6 dBm•Spec: -157dBc/Hz @ DUX

80/95/190/400 MHz

A fully digital solution free of spurious

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Intel Is Leading In RF CMOS Integration CMOS RF SoC With Integrated 3G PAs

XMM™ 6255 w/ SMARTi™ UE2pWorld smallest 3G modem

260mm²

• M2M • Internet of Things• Entry Smartphones

ES availableRamp Up E 2013

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The World’s Smallest LTE Solution In 2013

XMM™ 7161 Multi-Mode Multi-Band LTE Modem

World‘s smallest LTE

Solution

• PCB area <400mm²

SMARTi™ m4G RF Module

• Including RF Transceiver,

Filters, Duplexer, Coupler

and Antenna Switches

7 x 5mm Multi-Mode-Multi-

Band PA

MMMB PA

SMARTi™m4G

XG716-M

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Towards 5G: Mobile Data Traffic Growth

– System Capacity Requirements

– Network traffic load increasing by 65-100% CAGR

– Requires up to 2x increase in network capacity per annum

– > 100 higher traffic until 5G introduction in 2020

Ericsson Mobility Report, June 2013Excludes WiFi, VoIP, MTC

Cisco Visual Networking Index, Feb.`13

Ericsson: 100%+ CAGR

Cisco: 66% CAGR

Note 1: Assumes 85% CAGR in traffic.

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Trends in Spectrum AvailabilityExample: Emerging U.S. Auctions

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U.S. 3.5GHz Spectrum Access System (SAS)

Managed Spectrum Sharing

–U.S. Strategic National Objectives

–#1 – Release new spectrum potentially with new licensing regime

–#2 – Deploy high-capacity technologies – including small cell

–FCC Proposal – Citizens Broadband Service (CBS)

Band Status Band Bandwidth

Proposed 3350-3650 MHz 100 MHz

Potential 3650-3700 MHz 50 MHz

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mm-Wave Frequency AllocationsInternational 60GHz plus U.S. LMDS Bands

Band(GHz)

BW(GHz)

Licensing

71-76 5.0 1. Licensing: databaseregistration, non exclusive.2. Allocation: 1.25GHz aggregable blocks3. Services: point-pointfixed services.

81-86 5.0

92-94 2.0

94.1-95 0.9

57-66 9.0

U.S. Allocations 70-80-90GHz Bands

BTA1

Lic-ense

Band(GHz)

BW(MHz)

BW(GHz)

A

27.5–28.35 850

1.150 29.1–29.25 150

31.075–31.225 150

B31.0–31.075 75

150 31.225–31.3 75

Note 1: BTA – Basic Trading Area

U.S. Allocations 28-31GHz LMDSFixed Point-Point Service

Band(GHz)

Structure

38.6-4014 x 50MHz Pairs(100MHz Total)

U.S. Allocations 39GHzFixed Point-Point Service

Band(GHz)

BW(GHz)

Jurisdiction Licensing

57-64 7.0 USA Unlicensed

57-64 7.0 Canada Unlicensed

59-66 7.0 Japan Unlicensed

57-64 7.0 S. Korea Unlicensed

57-66 9.0 Europe Unlicensed

International 60GHz Allocations

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mm-Wave System DesignHistorical Perspective

J. Gardiner, “Microwave and mm-WAVE Technology Requirements…European 4th-Framework…”,

Microwave Symp. Digest, 1995

1995

J.J. O'Reilly, et al, “MODAL: an Enabling Technology for Wireless Access”, 1993. 4th-IEE Conf. Telecomm.

1993

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Network Capacity EnhancementRelative Contribution – 2013-2020

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Hypothetical 5G Device – 2020

–5G Era Devices – 2020

–Multi-RAT support including evolution of LTE and WiFi (WiGig)

–Support for 1 or more possible “new” 5G RAT’s

– Flexible resource-aggregating “cellular” transceivers, accessing >150MHz with up to antenna 8 ports

–New access to sub-6GHz spectrum and new aggregation modes

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Summary

• Even with 5G definition just started it is clear that the best 3G/4G solution is prerequisite and enabler for the coming 5G mobile network

2G/3G/4G 5G

• Exponential mobile data traffic growth is a key driver for the 5th generation mobile networks