zbornik radova-kneginja milica monahinja jevgenija

. , . , . , . , . , , ()

12. 2014.

2014

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY TRSTENIK NATIONAL LIBRARY JEFIMIJA

FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY IN BELGRADE Center for the historical geography and historical demography

PRINCESS MILICA NUN EUGENIA AND HER AGE

THEMATIC COLLECTION OF PAPERS

from the International Symposium held in the Monastery of Ljubostinja September 12, 2014

Editors in chief

SINIA MII DEJAN JEMENICA

RSTENIK 2014

, ............................... 7

, .................................................................. 17

, .................................... 29

, - 13891402 . ................................... 39

, ...................... 59

, .......................................................................... 83

, IV .................................................................. 95

, ................................................................................... 111

, ............................................................. 127

, ........................................ 139

, ....................... 179

, , ............................................................ 209

, ................................................... 223

, M ....................................... 233

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15

Sinia Mii

PRINCESS MILICA AND THE LEGACY OF PRINCE LAZAR

Summary

After the Battle of Kosovo (1389) and the death of Prince Lazar, fight began for his legacy. Because his sons were underage, Princess Milica took over the fight in the name of Lazarevic family. The country was threatened by the Turks, Hungari-ans, and internal struggles between nobility begun. However, the main opponent was Vuk Brankovic, who claimed, for himself and his children, certain rights to Lazars legacy. Princess Milica, with the support of the Serbian church, decided that Lazarevici family will become Bayezids vassals. This eliminated the risk of Hungarians and their alliance with Vuk Brankovic. The canonization of Prince La-zar contributed to the empowerment of Stefans and Vuks rights to inheritance, as offsprings of the holy dynasty Nemanjic.

Because of Stephens juvenile age, family co-regency was created, led by his mother, Princess Milica. She remained ruler after she became nun (1393), and her role has become particularly important in 1398, and all the way until 1402. After that, she remained ruler but with reduced power (influence). By then, her son Ste-fan, already despot, became a principal member of the family and the most impor-tant Serbian ruler in the remaining Serbian lands.

Keywords: Princess Milica, Lazars heritage, vassalage, co-regency, Prince Ste-fan Lazarevic, Vuk Brankovic, Turks, Hungarians.

17

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14 Odluke dubrovakih vijea, 93, 29. I 1395: ...electi et facti fuerunt officieles

ad notandum responsionem fiendam litteris domine comitisse comitis Lazari.

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20 Odluke dubrovakih vijea 13951397, 116, 17. III 1396: In Minori consilio

congregato ut supra facta fuit gratia Ruffino de dando sibi duas trombettas qui sunt in camera pro prothovistiaro comitisse, dando pignus bonu m in camera de restituendo nobis alias equebonas vel meliores.

21 Odluke dubrovakih vijea 13951397, 246, 10. IV 1396: super facto mittendi

ambaxiatam domine comitisse; 246, 15. IV 1396: super deliberatione ambassiate mit-tende ad comittissam Lazari; 246, 18. IV 1396: pro ambassiata mitenda ad comittissam Lazari; 246247, 20. IV 1396: super ambassiata mittenda ad dominam comittissam co-mitis Lazari; ambassiatam ad dictam dominam comittissam; de mittendo per dictam am-bassiatam dona dicta commitisse; 247, 24. IV 1396: super ambassiata comittese; pro electione ambassiatorum mittendorum comittisse; de dicta ambassiata dicte comittese; 26. IV 1396: pro commissione ambassiata fiende comitisse; commissionem mittendam ser Francho de Baxilio pro certa ambassiata facienda per eum domine comitisse; 120, 28. IV 1396: officiales pro commissione comitisse.

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22 Odluke dubrovakih vijea 13951397, 253, 26. VI 1396: Francho de Baxillio

qui est in Prestina illum rogando quod expensis nostri comunis vadat ad comittissam olim comitis Lazari; Jorga, Notes, 85: concessi domine comitisse, relicte quondam do-mini comitis Lazari (30. I 1402).

23 Odluke dubrovakih vijea 13951397, 255, 28. VII 1396: de scribendo ser

Francho de Baxilio propter nova que habemus de Sclavonia quod, si ipse potest, quod vadat ad comittissam Milliam cum literis que dicte commitisse mittuntur; 257, 10. I 1396: de scribendo unam litteram nostri parte comitisse Milie; 142, 12, I 1396: facti fuerunt officiales ad ordinandum litteras responsionis fiende domine comitisse Milice et capitaneo Schutari.

24 Odluke dubrovakih vijea 13951397, 271, 3. III 1397: de deliberando super

arengatis de honorando dominam comitissam Rassie. 25

Reformationes 31, fol. 120, 4. X 1398: de formando litera (precrtano) cori-gendo literam hic lectam mittendam domine comitisse Nouaberde; fol. 133: a comitissa et ejus filio, Novi Montis; Divrsa Cancllaria 32, fol. 245: litera suprascripta, domine Eugienie comittisse Novimontis et ejus filiorum. 1862, 62; 1892, 103, 62

26 1929, 191.

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34 2007, 229.

35 1989, 88; 1989, 120;

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27

Dejan Jemenica

SOURCES AND MANIFESTATIONS OF POWER AND INFLUENCE OF PRINCESS MILICA

Summary

Among the prominent Serbian women of the middle Ages, the appearance (personality) and activity of Princess Milica, later known as nun Eugenia or ab-bess Euphrosine strongly marked the time in which she lived. For the last decade of fourteenth and half of the first decade of the fifteenth century in medieval Serbia, which were in every sense marked by her activity, we can say that it represents The age of Princess Milica. This time period, crucial in many ways, was often the sub-ject of scientific interests. Nevertheless, to the versatile personality of Princess Mi-lica, attention was paid only incidentally, in the context of broader or more general considerations. For this very reason, many of the details of her activities have rema-ined unexamined so far or at least not sufficiently. The age of Princess Milica can be, with no major difficulties, divided into three clearly distinctive periods. Within each of those periods there were different manifestations of her power and influen-ce. The first period ended with the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. The second period lasted till she became nun in 1393. The third and last period lasted till the death of abbess Euphrosine in 1405. This paper discusses some issues concerning power and influence, their forms and typology in the case of Princess Milica, or, as she is later known, nun Eugenia.

Keywords: Princess Milica, Prince / Despot Stefan, Serbia, Middle Ages, power, influence.

29

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37

Dragia Bojovi

LITERARY TALENT OF PRINCESS MILICA

Summary

In this paper are emphisized talents of Princess Milica or nun Eugenia, by which she is known, not only as a talented writer, but also as a brilliant connoisseur of biblical theology and liturgical poetry. The introduction of prayer as subgenre of Charter is associated with Stefan the First-Crowned, and her sophiologic and escha-tological motifs make her close to St. Sava, Domentijan and other Serbian writers.

Motifs introduced in her charters, belong to rich and varied range of general christian motifs and some of them closely link her to the Serbian medieval writers. Particular attention was given to the Psalm motifs which the author skillfully incor-porates into her arengis, and with that she achieves power of poetic expression, but also gives a prophetic vision of the Church of Christ. Sophiologic and eschatologi-cal motifs are those of the New Testament provenance, where one can particularly feel the influence of the Holy Apostle Paul, and the evangelists Matthew and John. Some of the thoughts of Princess Milica are the result of the acceptance of the litur-gical poetry, and of that she herself testifies in a prayer where she addresses to Christ, who, as she says, receives " also from us sinful, slavoslovlje and spiritual service." This liturgical consciousness of the author is a testimony to her active mo-nastic, spiritual and liturgical life, but it is also important evidence of her authors-hip. Such consciousness has also influenced the poetics of her arengi, which she wrote when she was a nun.

Keywords: Princess Milica, literature, charters, sophiology, eschatology.

39

327(491.11:439-89)1389/1402 94(491.11:439-89)1389/1402

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16; II, 2000, 47 (. ); 2006, 112-113. Engel.-C. Tth 2004, 62. 2 Varju 1908, 420-421; ZsO, 142.

3 DF 220078 Engel 1998, 15, .

50; C. Tth 2005, 45. 4 ZsO,, 146, 148. ,

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- 13891402

41

descensu nostri execitus campestri prope Nicodem, in decensu nostro campestri prope castrum Nicodem.5 - , -

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10 Fejr X/1, 516. .

11 1959, 97; 2006, 113; Engel 1998, 13; Engel 2001, 173;

2009, 122.

42

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virtuoso bellico ipsius Magistri Slephani certami-ne victo-riose, diuino auxilio sufFragante, ab infidelium noslrorum manibus reobtento-rum.

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ZsO, 151; Engel 1998, 14, . 36. - 8. , . DF 285855; - 1389. , . Varj 1908, 418-420.

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ldsy 1907, 25-28, 30; . Wertner 1905, 448-449; Engel 1998,14, . 39-40.

24 Nagy 1887, 490.

25 Thallczyldsy 1907, 24-25. 31. 1390.

26

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2006,199-200. 28

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1390. , . .

Cstrtkhely-. , , 1338. , , 1503. -

29 Thallczyldsy 1907, 26-29, 30.

30 Engel 1998, 16-17. . Engel -C. Tth 2004, 63.

31 Thallczyldsy 1907, 31.


33 1959, 103-104.

46

.34

. 35

3. , . , in des-censu nostro campestri in terra Rascie prope castrum Ostrowech , .36

19-20. .37 . -

, 38

. , ,

, , , -

, , . 39

. 40

,

, , 1392, . , -

. -

1391, 1392. ().41

34 Varju 1908, 430-433; Engel 1998, 17, 64;

2006, 204-206 , - -

. 35

1959, 103; Mlyusz 1984, 21; 2006, 206. 36

ZsO, 194. 37

Engel -C. Tth 2004, 64. 38

Thallczyldsy 1907, 29. - .

39 2006, 208-209.

40 , , ,

Engel 1998, 20-21. 41

1959, 105-106; 2002, 126. -

, .

1390. , 1390-1392, 1390. , - ,

1391. . , 1404. Fejr X/4, 293-302; . . Pesthy 1875, 361-381, 450-467. 24. 1392. ,

- 13891402

47

( ) 19. 1391. ,42 28. - .43 ,

10. 1391, in desscensu nostro campestri prope Rednek, II. die Dyonisii.44 (25. ) .45 1391. -

.

,

1391, - . 46 1391. . - , -

. -

, , , 1392. , .

,

( ), - . 47

1394. . 48 , -

. 49 -

, ,

. -

-

, , -

(). Dl 7806. Engel 1998, 18 , .

42 ZsO, 245.

. 43

ZsO, 246. 44

ZsO, 247, . 45

ZsO, 249. in regnis Bossne et Rascie . Engel -C. Tth 2004, 65. Zymand, .

46 DL 33681-33682. , . -

,

1389. . 47

. Wenzel 1874; Dvokov 2009. 48

Wenzel 1874, 73-74. , -

. 49

2006, 249.

48

, .

28. 1392. . 50 , 21. - ,

in Regno Rascie prope partem Danubiy. 51 25. 1395. -

. 52

- 1392. , . -

. , -

. -

, , -

. 53

28. . 54 1392, . , 9. ,

. , 13. , -

.

, 25. 29. 1392. - -

. , 2. , - , 6. .

. 55 ,

in regno nostro Seruiae contra Turkos et Rasscienses habuisse perhibemur -

50 ZsO, 278-279.

51 Dl 7805.

52 in confiniis dicti regni Hungarie adversus Tur-kos hostes crucis Christi et Rasci-

enses nostros et regni nostri emulos absque temporis intervallo fidelitatis fervore instruitur Thallczyldsy 1907, 37-38.

53 Engel 1998, 25-26.

54 Wenzel 1876, 710-711.

55 ZsO, 279-281; DF 266058 ( 2. ); . Mlyusz 1984, 104. Engel

1998, 18 .

- 13891402

49

.56 1395. - .

,

. 1395, - .

. 57

-

, , 1396. , -.

, .

. 58 -

, . 59

,

.

, ( ) , 1399. .

,

. 60 ,

.

, , . 1399. , -

.

, ,

(Izdryl) . 61

56 Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Deutschen in Siebenbrgen III 1902, 43.

57 Pesty-Ortvay 1896, 250-252; Engel -C. Tth 2004, 69.

58 Pesty-Ortvay 1896, 263-266.


60 Tringli 2008, 121-122. -

, 1390. 1391. , 1392. . 1959, 117-120.

61 Fejr X/2, 418,; o . Duczmal 1996, 59-60. 2006,

252-254 , ,

, . Engel 1998, 22, - 1390. .

50

,

1392. , . , -

1404, - , . 62

, ,

.

, 1393, -,

, () .63 , , -

. , 1393. , , -

. 64 -

, -

.

, ,

1394. . (29) - -

. 5. , 12. - . , 14. -. ,

, .

in Quintoforo. ,

. ,

. .

,

. , ,

, -

.

. 65

62 Fejr X/4, 293-302, 295-296; ZsO, 279; 1959, 111-112.

63 Engel -C. Tth 2004, 67.

64 2010, 120-121.

65 ZsO, 391-393; . Fejr X/2. 250-251.

- 13891402

51

.

,

,

.

( ) 17. 1395. . . , -

-

. , ,

,

( , ) -, . -

-

, -

, ,

. -

, , -

, ,

. 66

, -

. , ,

- Regno tandem Rascie crudeli furore in magna rerum direptione horribilitatisque strepitu nimio pertransito Bulgarie venit ad oras.67 , ,

, .68

66 Fejr X/4, 296,

, .

,

1979, 154-158; 2002, 126-127; 2002, 53-54 ; Murean 2004, 177-195; 2006, 309-310, 314-319 .

67 Johannes de Thurocz 1985, 214.

68 13-15. 1396. ,

28. , . Engel P.-C. Tth N., . , 72. - -

, . Jnos Thurczy1991, 56, 84.

52

, ,

. ,

, ,

.

1396. . , , ,

,

( ), - , .

.69

,

,

-

.70 -

, , 1390, , .

,

, 1398. , , , , -

.

1397. 5800 . 71 1397. .

13. 1411. -.

, ,

. , , -

1389. , , , . 72

69 O . 1989,

91; Hvri 1998, 29-34; Schnerb 1998, 35-45; Housley 1998 46-56; Veszprmy 1998, 57-63; 2006, 333-341; Nicol 2008, 327-328; Brny 2005, 1-49.

70 1989, 91; , 1970, 7.

. Sahilliolu 1985,43-117. 71

ZsO, 530. 72

Tringli 2008, 164-166 ( Dl 70788); . - 1995, 13-21; 2006, 357-360; - 2010, 105-110, - .

1989, 91.

- 13891402

53

,

.

,

(carrissime fratre) -, .73

1398. , (2-12. 1398), , -, , (-, ), , 30. - , . 30. 5. .

, , . 74

, -

.

1398. , , , ,

, -

.

-

.75

, ,

. -

.

(- ) XII . , , . -

, , -

, 80- XIV . 1385. . . -

,

, . -

.

. 73

Pesty-Ortvay 1896, 268; Thallczyldsy 1907, 44; ZsO, 694; 2006, 360-361, . 1424.

74 Engel P.-C. Tth N., . , 74-80.

75 1989, 88-89.

54

. -

( ), - . , -

.

, 1415. - ,

. 76

, ,

1402. ,

.

Dl/DF Magyar nemzeti Levltr, Mohcs eltti gyjtemny (DL/DF-diplomatikai levltr/diplomatikai fnykpgyjtemny)

Fejr: Fejr Gy., Codex Diplomaticus Hungariae Ecclesiasticus Ac Civilis. I-XI, Budae, 1829-1844.

Jnos Thurczy 1991: Jnos Thurczy, The Chronicle of the Hungarians, Tran-slation by Frank Mantello, Foreword and Commentary by Pl Engel, Bloomington, 1991.

Johannes de Thurocz 1985: Johannes de Thurocz, Chronica Hungarorum, I. textus, ediderunt Elisabeth Galntai et Julius Krist, Budapest, 1985.

ZsO I: Mlyusz E, Zsigmondkori oklevltr I. (13871399), Budapest, 1951. Nagy 1887: Nagy Gy., Nagymihlyi s Sztray grg Sztray csald oklevltra,

I, Budapest, 1887. Oklevelek 1896: Oklevelek Temesvrmegye s Temesvros trtnethez. Msolta

s gyjttte Pesty Frigyes. Sajt al rend. Ortvay Tivadar. 1. kt. 1183-1430, Pozsony, 1896.

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kzti sszekttetsek oklevltra 1198-1526, Budapest, 1907. Tringli 2008: Tringli Istvn, A Pernyi csald levltra 12221526, Budapest,

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Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Deutschen in Siebenbrgen III 1902 Zim-mermann, F.,-Werner, C. , [Hrsg.], Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Deutschen in Siebenbrgen. Bd. 3: 1391-1415. Nr. 1260-1785., Kln, 1902.

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1989: T. (.), , - , , , 1989.

ldsy 1908: ldsy Antal, Alsni Blint bibornok, Budapest, 1908. Brny 2005: Brny A., Angol lovagok a nikpolyi csatban, Hadtrtneti

Kzlemnyek 2005/3, 1-49. C. Tth 2005: C. Tth N., A leleszi konvent orszgos levltrban lv Acta an-

ni sorozatnak oklevelei, I. kzlemny 1387-1399. (Ptls a Zsigmondkori Oklevltr I. ktethez), A nyregyhzi Jsa Andrs Mzeum vknyve, 47 (2005).

Duczmal 1996: Duczmal M., Jagiellonowie. Leksykon biograficzny, Pozna - Krakw 1996.

Dvokov 2009: Dvokov D., A lovag s kirlya (Stiborici Stibor s Luxemburgi Zsigmond), Pozsony, 2009.

Engel 1998: Engel P, A trk-magyar hbork els vei, 1389-1392, Hadtrt-nelmi kzlemnyek Memoria rerum Sigismundi regis, 111 vf. 3 sz. (1998), 12-34.

Engel 2001: Engel P., Szent Istvn birodalma, Budapest, 2001. Engel -C. Tth 2004: Engel P.-C. Tth N., Itineraria regum et reginarum (1382-

1438) Subsidia ad historiam medii aevi Hungariae inquirendam, Budapest, 2004. Esztergomi rsekek 2003: Esztergomi rsekek 1001-2003, szerkesztette Beke

Margit, Budapest, 2003. Housley 1998: N. Housley, Boucicaut marsall Nikpolynl, Hadtrtnelmi

kzlemnyek Memoria rerum Sigismundi regis, 111 vf. 3 sz. (1998), 46-56. Hvri 1998: Hvri S., A nikpolyi csata. Fordulpont a balkni oszmn hd-

tsok trtnetben, Hadtrtnelmi kzlemnyek Memoria rerum Sigismundi regis, 111 vf. 3 sz. (1998), 29-34.

Karcsonyi 1923: Karcsonyi J., Szt. Ferencz rendjnek trtnete Magyarorszgon 1711-ig, II. Ktet, Budapest, 1923.

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Mlyusz 1984: Mlyusz E., Zsigmond kirly uralma Magyarorszgon,Budapest, 1984.

Milleker 1814: Milleker B, A trkknek els betrsei Dlmagyarorszgba Zsi-gmond s Albert kirlyok idejben s Keve s Krass vrmegyk megsznse, 1393 1439, Temesvr, 1914.

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56

Pesthy 1875: Pesthy F, Macsi bnok, Szzadok, IX, 2-3 (1875), 361-381, 450-467.

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- 2010: - , - , 1 (2010), 105-110.

1985: . , . - , 12 (1985), 732.

1970: . . , , -, 1970, 7.

1996: . , - , CCCLXXVIII, 9 (1996), 145-150.

2002: . , . , . , . , , , 2002.

2010: . , , - 21 (2010), 117-124.

1959: . , - 1402, 1-2 (1959), 93-121.

1979: . , , XIV-1 (1979) 153-163.

1995: . , , , , 1-2 (1995), 13-21.

2002: , , 49 (2002), 47-65. 2000: . , .

, , 2000. 2009: . , -

, LVIII (2009), 109124. 2006: . , -

, , , 2006.

- 13891402

57

Boris Stojkovski

SERBIAN-HUNGARIAN RELATIONS 13891402

Summary

In the paper the author provides concise but until these days the most com-prehensive and detailed overview of the Serbian-Hungarian relations from 1389 until 1402. These ties mainly consist of the four military campaigns led by Hungari-an king Sigismund of Luxembourg against in that time, Ottoman vassal state of Serbia. Those campaigns had lasted, with interruptions, from 1389 until 1392. The-re were four of them, two of a very strong character, in which the leading noblemen of Hungary took part of-in 1389 and 1392. In these four campaigns, which were mostly led during the summer and early autumn, Hungarian army managed to come very deep into the Serbian land, but decisive success has been absent. In 1389 and in 1392 some Serbian cities and Fortresses were occupied, but the luck has been changing throughout this period. The campaigns were led not only against Serbia, but mainly against Turkey. In the analysis of these events and ties, articular stress has been given to non-published Hungarian archival sources, mostly charters, but on the new interpretation of the known ones as well. Narrative sources, such as chronicles, also give interesting data on the topic. Besides the detailed analysis of the military campaigns of the Hungarian king Sigismund, the author will also dis-cuss some other aspects of Serbian-Hungarian relations. Serbian nation was in that time divided between two strong countries-Turkey and Hungary. In the battles of Rovine and Nicopolis in 1395 and 1396 Serbian noblemen were fighting eiher on both sides, or against Christians. In the same time, a significant Orthodox Serb popu-lation has already in this period inhabited the southern borders of Hungarian state.

59

327(491.11:450.341)13/14 327(491.11:450.341)13/14

: 1386. .

1392. . -

. II - (1385) II , , , -

. -

-

, .

(1405) , ,

. , -

.

, ,

, .

: , , , , , ,

, , , .

II (9911008), Dux Dalmatiae,1 .

XV -


,

: -

(14 15. ), . . 177010. 1 Norwich 2011, 74-78.

60

, -

,

. , -

-

Golfo di Venezia.2 -

. -

18. 1358. ,

. , -

I .

3

-

.

(1378-1381), .

8. 1381. de iure et de facto - I, - , , -

.4

I (1382)

,

, -

.5

, -

.

, , ,

2 Cf. Kreki 1997, 51.

3 : AAV I/1, 153-157 ( 171), 157-160 ( 172); II/2, 5-6 (.

); Norwich 2011, 299; Kreki 1997, 60; . , 111-112 (. ). 4 : AAV I/1, 244-252 ( 271). Cf. Norwich

2011, 311-327; Balard 1997, 115-116; Kreki 1997, 61-64; . , 112-113 (. ).

5 1409. 100.000 -

. ,

, , , unji 1967, 37-44; Norwich 1992, 25-27, 33-35; Kreki 1997, 66-82. Cf. . , 122-125, 139-140 (. ).

61

(1361-1363), - .

6

14. 1378. , , , - .

7 -

.8

, 1386.

.

-

. ,

.

,

,

.9 -

-

, , ,

. -

-

,

(capitula).10

Stato da mar.

6 II/2, 10, 13, 14 (. ).

7 AAV I/1, 236-238 ( 265), 238-242 ( 266); Gelcich 1880, 118-121; Butorac

1999, 45-46; 1979, 28-29. 8 v. II/2, 37-40

(. ). Cf. 1958, 21-46. 9 1388. dEnghien, , -

; 1423; 1482. . .

10 Arbel, 1991, 951-952. Cf. Mollat, Braunstein, Hocquet 1973, 515-539.

62

, , ,

,

, -

. ,

: - ,

- ,

. -

, -

, ,

.

II, .

11 ,

, , -

, . -

, , ,

.12

18. 1385. , ,

, -

.13

, -

I, rex Rassie.14 1385. , 5. - , -

.

-

. , ,

, -

11 II ,

, , , .

, 1385. , II/2, 44, 47 (. ).

12 Ibid., 46 (. ).

13 AAV I/2, 13 ( 300); Listine IV, 219-220. 8. 1385.

14 -

, , II/2, 47.

63

,

.15

-

, , -

.

8. 1386. .16 - , , -

castri e loci de la Valona.17 ,

, -

-

. -

.

II 1386. , - ,

.18

. II 28. 1389. - ,

. -

,

.19

.20

-

, -

, ,

. Sapientes ordinum21 20. ,

.22

15 AAV I/2, 19-20 ( 305); Listine IV, 224-225.

16 AAV I/2, 21 ( 307); Listine IV, 225.

17 Listine IV, 226-227.

18 AAV I/2, 33 ( 318). ,

3. 1362. , , Listine IV, 48.

19 AAV I/2, 92 ( 380); Listine IV, 244-245.

20 II/2, 52 (. ).

21 Sapientes ordinum , , -

,

, Guida alle magistrature, 44-45. 22

AAV I/2, 96 ( 387).

64

, .23

.

,

. , -

.

.

,

. , -

-

.24

300 .25 21. 1390.

.26

, -

II. . II , . 1390.

. -

, ,

500 e , .

.27

-

,

. 1390. , , , -

, , , .

23 Ibid., 98 ( 389).

24 Listine IV, 269-270.

25 Ibid., 270.

26 Ibid., 280.

27 AAV I/2, 102-105 ( 398), 107 ( 401), 107 ( 402).

, ,

, , ,

I , ,

, II/2, 55-56 (. ).

65

, 15. 1391, 3100 , -

, .28

-

, , .29

,

.30

10. 1392. -

.31

I priuilegium ciuilitatis.32 II , -

1392. , - .

1392. , , ,

.33

-

.34

1393. , , .

35

, . -

,

,

28 AAV I/2, 130-132 ( 431).

29 , ,

II/2, 58 (. ). 30

v. 1986, 164-165. 31

AAV I/2, 144 ( 441). 32

Ibid., 144-145 ( 442); Listine IV, 290-291.

de intus et de extra. de intus - , de extra -. v. Caravale 1997, 304-312.

33 1368.

, II/2, 19, 28, 47, 49, 57-58 (. , . ). Cf. Valentini 1966, 202-206.

34 -

, -

, II , , , .

1417. , II/2, 49 (. ). 35

II/2, 59 (. ). Cf. Valentini 1966, 206.

66

.36

1392. , .

37

, de intus et de extra. 30. 1392. - ,

.38

20. 1393. castrum de leexio, .

. -

.39

-

, ,

. , .40

-

,

, . Sapientes ordinum 21. 1393. -

,

.41

, 7. 1392. - , -

, ,

.

20-30 .42 ,

.

II , .

1393. . -

36 -

,

, 1979, 151. 37

II/2, 59 (. ). 38

AAV I/2, 172-173 ( 462); Listine IV, 301. 39

AAV I/2, 197-199 ( 496); Listine IV, 305. 40

AAV I/2, 199-200 ( 497). 41

Ibid., 209-211 ( 506). 42

Ibid., 160-162 ( 455); Listine IV, 295-296.

67

. ,

.43

.

II 11. 1395. - -

, , -

.44

1395. , , -

.45

, II . 10. 1395. de Samarixijs, .46 - 1395. 1396. .47 , 15. ,

, . -

.48

. -

,

.

,

, , -

.49

,

.50

,

43 II/2, 59-60 (. ).

44 AAV I/2, 278-280 ( 581); Listine IV, 345-346.

45 II/2, 62 (. ).

46 AAV I/2, 297-298 ( 601).

47 Ibid., 299-301 ( 604), 301-303 ( 605), 302-303 ( 606).

48 Ibid., 304-306 ( 608), 306-307 ( 609).

49 Ibid., 309-314 ( 611).

50 Ibid., 317-318 ( 615), 319 ( 616), 319-320 ( 617), 327 ( 624).

68

14. 1396. - ,

, ,

, .51

20. -, , .

52

1396. .

53

-

, 1395. . , . ,

II 31. 1396. 25. ,

.54

1396. - , , -

,

.55

. -

-

1385. . - .

.

22. 1396. de extra.

, .56

-

51 Ibid., 331-336 ( 628). Cf. II/2, 62-63 (. ); Valentini 1966, 207-210.

. -

, -

, , ,

1398. . 52

AAV I/2, 336-343 ( 630); 344-345 ( 631). 53

II/2, 71-73 ( ). 54

AAV I/3, 7 ( 635); Listine IV, 377. Cf. II/2, 63-65 ( ). - 25. . , : die uigesimaquinta mensis Aprilis.

55 AAV I/3, 50 ( 674).

56 Ibid., 9-10 ( 638); Listine IV, 378-379. v.

II/2, 65-66 ( ).

69

, -

.

1399. -

.

. -

.57

. 1400. -

, -

( ), -. .

58 , -

-

, -

, .59

-

.

-

, , , -

-

. -

(domuncule) .

,

. 1. 1399. , - , 160 .

60

. -

5000 .

61 1401.

-

, -

.

,

57 II/2, 76-77 ( ).

58 AAV I/3, 212 ( 847).

59 Ibid., 207 ( 843).

60 Ibid., 124 ( 762), 124-125 ( 763).

61 Ibid., 297-298 ( 937).

70

,

.62

, 19. , -

900 . . -

.63

1401. Sapientes ordinum et consilij ,

-

. ,

. ,

200 . ,

-

.64

II 1402.

3000 . 18 , - 1500 . -.

65 -

-

.66

, -

. -

, . -

-

, -

.

18. 1401.

1396. , .

,

62 Ibid., 233-234 ( 875).

63 Ibid., 237 ( 878).

64 Ibid., 278-280 ( 919).

65 Ibid., 297-298 ( 937). -

v. 1963, 303; 1979, 233. 66

AAV I/3, 298-299 ( 938).

71

.

,

.67

-

de Soico 25 .68 , 4. -

. ,

,

.69

, 19. , -

.70

. 14. 1402. -

.

. .

,

,

-

.

, -

, . -

comites sclavoniae ( ), , , - .

-

.71

, -

-

.72

67 Ibid., 217-222 ( 856).

68 Ibid., 223-224 ( 861).

69 Ibid., 224-225 ( 863).

70 Ibid., 236 ( 877).

v. II/2, 77-79 ( ). 71

AAV I/3, 338-340 ( 992). 72

II/2, 81-82 ( ).

72

1403. .

73 . Sapientes ordi-

num 20. , . -

, . .

1000 - .

-

,

,

. -

,

. -

,

. , -

.

, -

, .

, -

.

, -

, , , -

.

,

. -

-

.74

-

III, .

, -

.

,

. -

. Sapientes ordinum 26.

73 Ibid., 85 (. ).

74 AAV I/3, 371-375 ( 1021).

73

1393. , . (-?) , -.

75 ,

.

, ,

, -

. -

.76

1394. de intus et de extra.77 1399. , -

.

.

. -

, . . -

,

.78

1400.

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93 II/2, 85-107 ( ).

79

AAV I/1: . Valentini, Acta Albaniae Veneta, Pars I, Tomus I, Mnchen 1967. AAV I/2: . Valentini, Acta Albaniae Veneta, Pars I, Tomus II, Mnchen 1968. AAV I/3: . Valentini, Acta Albaniae Veneta, Pars I, Tomus III, Mnchen 1968. AAV II/11: . Valentini, Acta Albaniae Veneta, Pars II, Tomus XI, Mnchen 1971. . .: . , ,

1912. Listine IV: S. Ljubi, Listine o odnoajih Junoga Slavenstva i Mletake republike IV, JAZU, Zagreb 1874. Listine V: S. Ljubi, Listine o odnoajih Junoga Slavenstva i Mletake republike V, JAZU, Zagreb 1875. Listine VIII: S. Ljubi, Listine o odnoajih Junoga Slavenstva i Mletake republike VIII, JAZU, Zagreb 1886.

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51-85.

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81

Katarina Mitrovi

VENETIANS AND SERBIAN LANDS DURING THE RULE OF PRINCESS MILICA AND PRINCE STEFAN LAZAREVI

Due to the clauses found in the peace treaties signed in Zadar in 1358 and Tri-n in 1381, the Republic of Venice had to give up on its properties in the eastern Adriatic coast from Quarner to Durrs on behalf of Hungary. Since the eastern Ad-riatic coast was of vital strategic and economic significance, the Venetians tended to retrieve the lost positions timely and tactfully as well as to acquire some new properties. Their breakthrough in Zeta and the northern Albania, i.e. the territories belonging to the Nemanjii state started by the conquest of Durrs in 1392. The Venetians in Zeta and the northern Albania used similar tactics to those applied in the other parts of Stato da mar, keeping in mind primarily their own interests fit-ting the new property into the existing economic order, current material and military potentials, strategic position, diplomatic implications and the expenses of defending from the point of materially profitable view. Only if the majority of these demands were fulfilled, they would start the serious negotiations regarding the surrender of some city or territory. Besides, Venetians wanted to establish the best possible rela-tions with the hinterland landlords basically for two reasons: to prevent the probable attacks of the former masters and their heirs who reluctantly quit their old rights and those more or less legitimate claims and to provide the freedom of movement and doing business for their citizens and tradesmen. Therefore, getting some commerci-al and other concessions was often followed by the readiness of the Venetian side to allow certain well planned concessions to the neighbouring rulers which were valid only as long as it suited the interests of the Republic. The main Venetian political directions were clearly visible in the relations with ura II Stracimirovi Bali, the lord of Zeta, and with the lords of the Serbian mainland states the families of Brankovi and Lazarevi. Considering the relations with Vuk Brankovi and his sons, the tactfulness is obvious regarding the return of the jewelry from the dowry of Vojislava Brankovi, the wife of George Topia, while in the relations with Prince Stefan and Princess Milica the primary focus is cast on the efforts concerning the acquisition of the commercial concessions. Furthermore, the work proves that Prin-ce Lazar and Vuk Brankovi did not issue any concessions to the Venetian citizens guaranteeing them the freedom of movement and conducting business in their territory. The exposure ended in 1405 when the First Shkodr War broke out signifying the new phase in the relations of the families of Bali, Brankovi and Lazarevi.

Key words: Venice, Zeta, northern Albania, Serbia, Bali family, Vuk Branko-vi, Princess Milica, Stefan Lazarevi, political relations, commercial concessions.

83

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22 20. 1390: Fejr, CDH, XI/1, 602; 31. 1390: Thallczy ldsy 1907,

24; 14. 1390: Thallczy ldsy 1907, 27; : Fekete Nagy Makkai, Ladislaus 1941, 395.

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39 : 2005, 95-101.

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Fekete Nagy, Antonius Makkai, Ladislaus (1941): Documenta historiam Vala-chorum in Hungaria illustrantia, usque ad annum 1400 p. Christum. Budapest: tudes sur l'Europe Centre-Orientale

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93

ura Hardi

CONTRIBUTION TO THE DISCUSSION OF HUNGARIAN ATTACK ON SERBIA AFTER THE KOSOVO BATTLE

Summary

Author releases trace attitudes f historiography about the campaign of Hunga-rian king Sigismund of Luxemburg on Serbia in October-November 1389, after the Battle of Kosovo, discusses possible motives and causes of the attacks. Already a cursory glance at the Hungarian diplomatic material confirms the view that the Hungarian king this military action considered a legitimate act of returning their cities and areas of the rebel Rascians. The death of Prince Lazar certainly can be linked with the context of the feudal customs, present in Hungary, the rulers used the death of his powerful subjects to restore public lands that were in the previous period stabilized in their hands. In any case, it was a clear military and strategic in-terests of Hungary. The question, however, whether the Knez Lazar on the eve of the Battle of Kosovo regarded as infidels Hungarian ruler. That is, after his death, Sigismund demanding surrender royal cities by his widow Princess Milica and her people got a negative response, and in the perspective of the house Lazarevi gained serious opponents. Removal of these concerns would help in interpreting the origin of the term Rascian rebelles in the charter of Hungarian rulers emerged in the midst of the campaign of 1389.

Key words: Hungarian attack on Serbia, 1389 year, Sigismund of Luxemburg, Prin-cess Milica, Rascians rebelles

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