yuksel oĞuzhibrit energy systems

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CONTROL OF HYBRID POWER GENERATION

SYSTEMS AND

EFFICIENT USE OF ENERGY GENERATED

ssoc Prof Yüksel OĞUZ

Afyon Kocatepe Unıversity Technology Faculty

Electrıc Electronic Engineering Department

Photovoltaic Wind Fuel Cell Hydrogen&Storage Battery Grid



Outline

Renewable Energy2

Control and Practical Examples of Hybrid EnergyGeneration Systems4

The World Energy Outlook3

1

Smart Grids for Energy Efficiency3

3



The World Energy Outlook



Where is going the world energy?

Primary energy demand

China is the main driver of increa

in the current decade, but India t

as the principal source of growth

Some long-held tenets of the energy sector are being rewritten

Countries are switching roles: importers are becoming exporters…

…

and exporters are among the major sources of growing demand

New supply options reshape ideas about distribution of resources

But long-term solutions to global challenges remain scarce

Renewed focus on energy efficiency, but CO2 emissions continue to

rise

Fossil-fuel subsidies increased to $544 billion in 2012

1.3 billion people lack electricity, 2.6 billion lack clean cooking

facilities

Energy prices add to the pressure on policymakers

Sustained period of high oil prices without parallel in market

history

Large, persistent regional price differences for gas & electricity



Energy and CO2 emissions

How can the increasing world energy

demand be met?

Energy from fossil fuels

Nuclear energy

Conservation and energy efficiency

Renewable energy



The environmental security and sustainability of energy



Renewables come of age, but fossil fuel investment still

Annual energy supply investment

2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013

Investment in renewables rose from $60 billion in 2000 to a high point

approaching $300 billion in 2011, before falling back since

1 000

Fossil fue

500

1 500

B i l l i o n d

o l l a r s ( 2 0 1 2 ) Renewab

Nuclear Power tra

& distribu



Energy demands

Growth in total primary energy demand

Today's share of fossil fuels in the global mix, at 82%, is the same as it was 25

ago; the strong rise of renewables only reduces this to around 75% in 20

500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000

Mtoe

Coal

Renewables

Oil

Nuclear

Gas1987-2011

2011-2035



Renewable sources help to supply sufficient energy

The growth of new energy forms is

the development of technology an

underpinned by large-scale invest

There is expansion across all types

with new energy forms playing an

significant role.

Renewables, shale gas, tight oil an

fuel sources in aggregate grow at 6

contribute 43% of the increment in

production to 2035.



WHAT IS SMART GRID?

The core concept of smart grid is its capability of ketrack of electricity flow in the power system by two-

technology that allows consumers to see how and w

use energy, and therefore capable of managing eleby enhancing their energy efficiency.



WHAT IS SMART GRID?

An intelligent electricity- delivery system:

energy suppliers and consumers: interconnect through a network

Smart meters:

are installed at homes and business

monitor energy consumption

transmit that information back to energy providers

Energy providers :

track energy consumption

automatically throttle down energy consumption on a granular level when demand get



New Trend o f Smart Grid

Smart grid is essential to

building an infrastructure for long-term energy effdemand management

encouraging renewable energy deployment

transiting industries to low-carbon and clean-energy pa

creating new “green jobs” for more employment

empowering customers to reduce their energy use and



NIST (National Institute of Standard and Technology) reference model for the s

The basic concept of Smart Grid is to add m on



The basic concept of Smart Grid is to add m on

analysis, contro l and commun icat ion capabi l i t ies

nat ional electr ic grid in order to:

Improve reliability,

Maximize throughput,

Increase energy efficiency,

Provide consumer participation,

Allow diverse generation options,

Allow diverse and storage options



Energy Eff ic iency is one of the Benef its o f Smart

There are many benefits of developing smart grid

enhancement of supply reliability and energy efficiency

demand response (DR)

voltage service quality

integration of transmission congestion relief

advanced metering infrastructure (AMI)

distributed energy resources (DER)

battery energy storage system (BESS)

usage of electric vehicles

outage response



HOW SMART GRID IS USED?

Foster communicat ion between the energy c ompany an

consumer

Elect r ic i ty is sent f rom :

Al low s energy com panies to track areas o f high use, ide

po ssib le ou tages, and pro vide the proper service.

Energycompany

Distributioncenter

destination



Smart GridSmart

Generation

Sm

Distributed

Baseload

Peaking

CHP

Remote

Power

Critical/

BackupGrid planning

Grid

monitoring

Centralized Transmission Distribution

Asset

Management

Load

Management

Back office

Software

Grid

Automation

Advanced Metering

Energy Management

Commerci

Industria

Smart Mot

Smart

Storage

Communication

/ Control Power electronic



Smart Grid Products and Services may be classi f ied in

as fo l lows :

Intelligent devices

Advance control systems

Two-way communication



Produc ts and Services :

1) Intell ig ent devic es

Advance sensors and monitors

Digital relays

Inverters & Balance of System

IED (Intelligent Electronics Devices)

Grid Aware Equipment

Smart Meters



Produc ts and Services :

2) Adv anced c ontro l sy stems

Distribution Automation

Energy Management

GIS Geographic Information System

DSM Demand Side Management

WAMS Wide Area Management Systems

3) Two -Way Communic at ion

Real Time

Open products



energy MANaGEment AND efficient use of energy IN Isolated Win

CELL Hybrid Power Generation System With Battery Sto

ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND EFFİCİENT U

ENERGY IN ISOLATED WİND-SOLAR -FUEL

HYBRİD POWER GENERATİON SYSTEM W

BATTERY STORAGE



A battery-supported hybrid wind-solar-fuel cell energy system:

190W, 24V 3 pieces mono crystal solar panel,

600W 3-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMS

on the wind power generation system (WPGS),

500W'lık variable proton membrane fuel cell,

100 Ah 12V 6 pieces gel jeep cycle accumulator groups.



General view of the installed battery powered wind-solahybrid power generation system



Wind-solarpower generation system



Fuel cell, control system and battery group



Load control board



Control Systems and Data Recording

Electricity produced from energy sources in the system was controlle

based hybrid control unit.

Generated current-voltage data were recorded by a computer.

Energy can be monitored continuously produced in the hybrid powe

generation system.

Data are also saved as a Microsoft Excel file every 10 seconds by mea

software program.

Electric energy produced 3 kW is converted to AC power with the he

sine wave inverter.

The AC power consumer needs are met in this way.



Block diagram of the hybrid power generation system and c

Overview of the hybrid energy system and energy m



Overview of the hybrid energy system and energy munit

Energy

Management

Unit

Solar energy

Wind

Renewable

Energies

Fuel Cell Storage

Electrolyzer

Electrical Load

Additional

Energy

Excess

Energy

Excess

Energy

Additional

Energy

Additional

Energy

Output

***** Excess energy can be stored in battery bank or c



Off Grid

Grid connected

Hybrid Power Sources Algorithm

Fuel Cell

NO

Supply Load

Supply Load

PV, Wind >

Request?YES

Supply Load

Charge batte

Produce Hydro

PV, Wind <

Request +

Battery SOC OK?

NO

NO

YES

YES



Control Process

Start

Open

Com- port

Connect

PLC?

Start Take PLC

Data

Y

N

Y

N Y

FaultN

S

Y Data

Error ?

Y18

Reset

Inverter

Algorithm

Y

Y



Computer monitoring

Hybrid Power Generation System Outcomes



Hybrid Power Generation System Outcomes

Primarily with energy flow control system aimed at

independent uninterruptible power demand from the grid.

Providing integration with the network of interconnected hybr

generation system with intelligent network model is aimed to w

the system.

Energy flow in the system is provided as a two-way.



At least on the day of production of energy from so

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00

Saat

Günes(Wh)



Most the day and hour of energy produced from so

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00

SAAT

Güneş(Wh)



Monthly values of the energy generated from solar

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Ağust os Eylül Ekim Kasım

AYLAR

(kWh)



Monthly generation power of wind power generatio

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Ağusto s Eylül Ekim Kasım

AYLAR

(Wh)

Three solar panels (Mono crystalline-Poly crystalline-thi



Three solar panels (Mono crystalline Poly crystalline thiand installation



Energy flow control scheme for solar energy systems

Energy Flow Algorithm



SENSORS



SENSORS

Current sensor

CURRENT SENSOR BOARD



Screenshot of the software for the energy flow



Daily voltage data of three different solar pan

D il i f h diff l



Daily generation power of three different solar pa

D il T t l G ti C it (W tt)



Daily Total Generation Capacity (Watt)

S l t d f l l



Surplus power generated from solar panel



SimPowerSystem/MATLAB

Hybrid charge control unit



SimPowerSystem/MATLAB

Power flow curve in the hybrid power generation sy



Conclusion



In particular, regional produce electrical energy where you are

to consume accepted the principle.

To take the place of the interconnected system of local produ

produce electrical energy will be concerned for their own consu

In particular, the fall in prices and a decrease in hydrogen tech

the consumer level of applicability in this case can be provided

In addition to the hydrogen technology solar energy systems w

play an important role here.

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