yuen long town hall - sscemyuen long town hall support service centre for ethnic minorities...
TRANSCRIPT
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Yuen Long Town Hall
Support Service Centre for Ethnic Minorities
元朗大會堂
少數族裔人士支援服務中心
成人中級英文班課程
Intermediate English Curriculum for Adults
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Curriculum characteristics
Task- based framework
In this curriculum, there are two modules and six specific units which are
either thematically or conceptually related. Each module offers a board
theme related to learners’ interests. Also, it contains three specific units
which are thematically or conceptually related. These themes and concepts
are explored through tasks. The curriculum provides opportunities for
ethnic minority learners to practice meaningful and useful English.
Both tutors and participants know what they are learning and why they are
learning it and all of the activities that are designed keep the purpose in
mind. Learners can see what is required and expected to reach a given
outcome. Most importantly, there is less change to diverge onto tangents
and waste learners’ time, which is particularly important to adult learners.
Also, task-based activities give learners opportunities to exercise and
improve upon existing skills rather than simply regurgitating information or
blocks of curriculum content. The tasks will employ the kind of
problem-solving thinking that should assist learners to develop their own
tools for participating in and initiating real-world communication functions
beyond the classroom. This, in turn, will lead ethnic minority learners to
increased social interaction and participation in the Hong Kong community.
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Open-ended and flexible
The curriculum provides a structured framework, yet is still open ended
enough for tutors to implement their own ideas and creativity. For example,
teachers can take the students to restaurants or markets, etc. There is time
for tutors to follow up on a particular area that requires further
consolidation. Tutors are encouraged to bring their own knowledge, skills,
experience and interests to the curriculum where relevant.
Seamless designed
The curriculum is seamless designed so that students must use their
acquired knowledge and skills to proceed through the more advanced
curriculum content and concepts. In some instances, topics have been
revisited to provide further depth and understanding. The curriculum is
designed to developmentally scaffold participants’ understanding, beliefs
and skills to effectively integrate and participate.
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Index
Module Units Content
Cover page
Curriculum characteristics
All About Me Unit 1 Who Am I
Unit 2 My Friends
Unit 3 My Family
My Neighbourhood Unit 4 Government Departments
Unit 5 Housing in Hong Kong
Unit 6 Recreational Facilities
Summary of Tenses
Back page
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Module 1
All About Me
Unit 1
Who am I?
Task 1
Introducing myself
Task 4 (Assessment Task)
Sending an email to your friend
Unit 2
My Friends
Unit 3
My Family
Task 2
Making notes on writing
an effective email
Task 3
Happy times
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Warm Up Activity
1. Do you have a brother? 1. Yes, I do/No, I don’t
2. _________you have a sister? 2. Yes, I do./No, I don’t
3. ________ _______like ice-cream? 3. Yes, I do./No I don’t.
4. _______ you ________a pet? 4. Yes, I do./No I don’t.
5. ________you in Hong Kong? 5. Yes, I am/No, I am not.
6. ________you happy? 6. Yes, I am/No, I am not.
7. Is your teacher tall? 7. Yes, she is./No, she isn’t.
8. ________ Ms Chan from Hong Kong? 8. Yes, she is./ No, she isn’t.
9. _______ Ms Chan from Indonesia? 9.Yes, she is./No, she isn’t.
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Reading Comprehension
Hi! My name is Gema. I am from Indonesia. Let me introduce my country
to you. Indonesia officially is called as Republic of Indonesia which is (1)
located in Southeast Asia and Oceania. The nation’s capital city is Jakarta.
Sports in Indonesia are generally male-(2) orientated and (3) spectator
sports are often (4) associated with (5) illegal (6) gambling. The most
popular sports played in Indonesia are badminton and football. We mainly
use lots of spices (chilies), coconut milk, fish and chicken as (7)
fundamental ingredients and rice is the main (8) staple food. I love my
country very much.
Resources: Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia#Culture
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Vocabulary
1. Locate
The position of a place
2. Orientate
Having to correlated with each other
3. Spectator
A person who looks or watches; a member of audience
4. Associate
To connect or related with
5. Illegal
Unlawful, criminal
6. Gambling
A game played for the sake of money
7. Fundamental
Primary/ basic resource
8. Staple
Necessary item
(Information retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com)
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Grammar Focus: Revision of Simple Past Timeline
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the given words.
To be
Statements
+
To be
Statements
-
Questions ?
I was. I wasn't. Was I?
He was. He _________ Was he?
She was. She _________ Was ________?
It ___________ It wasn't. Was it?
1. Did you have lunch? Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t.
2. Did you brush the teeth? Yes, I did. /No, I didn’t.
3. Did you wash the face? Yes, I did. /No, I didn’t.
4. Did you comb the hair? Yes, I did. /No, I didn’t.
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Warm up Activity
1. Do you like hanging out with your friends?
______________________________________________________________ 2. How often do you hang out with your friends?
______________________________________________________________
3. Where do you like to go?
______________________________________________________________
Reading Comprehension
Meena Thapa
Name: Meena Thapa
Name meaning: Gem
Birthday: May 3 1988
Nicknames: Peepers, Shampoo Jr., Tinkie, Kitty,
Sun sign: (1) Taurus
Chinese year: Sheep or Goat
Religion: (2) Buddhism
Blood type: AB+
Main elements: air, water, earth (sun sign)
Animal spirit: goat
Marital Status: Single
Favorite colors: (3) lavender and white
Favorite idol: Michael Jackson
Siblings: Sajina and Kamala
Nationality: Nepalese
Looks: Short, small, brown eyes, long dark brown hair with (4) bangs, light
skin, one (5) piercing in each ear. Wears contact lens.
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Name: Abay Akhtar
Name Meaning: (6) Talented
Birthday: 14th September 1975
Nicknames: AB
Chinese Year: Rabbit
Religion: Muslim
Blood Type: O+
Main (7) elements: Wood
Animal (8) Spirit: Rooster
Marital Status: Married
Favorite Colors: White, Blue
Favorite Actor: Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt
(9) Inspired by: Mother Teresa
(10) Passion: Social Work
Abay Akhtar
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Vocabulary
1. Taurus
The second sign of the zodiac
2. Buddhism
A religion originated by Gautama Buddha
3. Lavender
A plant which is pale or light bluish-purple in colour and is normally used
to perfume clothes
4. Bangs
An elastic material used up to tie hair, e.g. a girl has used bangs to tie a
pony tail
5. Piercing
To make a hole through a sharp pointed object
6. Talent
A special natural ability to success or achieve things
7. Elements
One of the substances such as earth, water, air and fire
8. Spirit
To encourage
9. Inspire
To influence or encourage somebody towards something
10. Passion
Something a person wants to do from his heart
(Information retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com)
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Grammar Focus
Irregular Verbs
1. A considerable number of irregular verbs that form their simple past.
2. Some irregular verbs do not change form at all.
Infinitive Past Past Participle
Beat Beat Beat
Become Became Become
Begin Began Began
Bend Bent Bent
Bid Bid Bid
Bind Bound Bound
Bite Bit Bit
Bleed Bled Bled
Blow Blew Blew
Break Broke Broken
Breed Bred Bred
Bring Brought Brought
Build Built Built
Burst Burst Burst
Burn Burnt Burnt
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Regular Verbs
Most verbs in English are regular verbs, meaning that they add the ed ending
to form the simple past.
Infinitive Past Past Participle
arrive arrived arrived
Bow bowed bowed
Change changed changed
Check checked checked
Cover covered covered
Drop dropped dropped
happen happened happened
Finish finished finished
Hop hopped hopped
Kill killed killed
Heat heated heated
Organize organized organized
Phone phoned phoned
Prepare prepared prepared
Pull pulled pulled
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Revision of Past Tense
Regular Verb
(to work)
Statements
+
Regular Verb
(to work)
Statements
-
Questions Short answer
+
Short answer
-
I worked. I didn't work. Did I work? Yes, ________. No, I didn't.
He worked. He
____________ Did he work? Yes, he did. No, he didn't.
She worked. She didn't
work.
_____she
________? Yes, she did.
No, she
___________
(Source: Freely adapted from http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/
tensesimpast.htm)
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Task 1: Introducing Yourself
1. Myself
a. What’s your name? _____________________________________
b. Where do you live?______________________________________
c. Do you have any pets? ___________________________________
If yes, what do you usually do with it?________________________
Why do you like it?_______________________________________
2. My family
a. Who do you live with?_____________________________________
b. What do they do? ________________________________________
c. What are their jobs?_______________________________________
d. What are their hobbies? ___________________________________
e. What do they usually do?___________________________________
3. My work
a. Where do your work?_______________________________________
b. Do you like your work?_____________________________________
c. What are your job duties?___________________________________
d. What do you usually do at school?____________________________
4. My hobby
a. What are your hobbies?_____________________________________
b. What do you like doing most?________________________________
c. Who do you usually do it/them with?__________________________
d. When do you usually do it/them?_____________________________
e. Why do you like doing it/them?_______________________________
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Task 2: Making notes for writing an effective email
The Internet has become the predominant medium for sending letters. The
term e-mail, meaning electronic mail, has become extremely crucial for our
lives and business. Instead of communicating by letters, we communicate
with each other by emails. So, do you know how to write better emails?
Read the following check points now!
In email (or any written format), correctly communicating your intended
message relies heavily on your word choice, sentence structure and above
all, the reader’s interpretation (perception is reality – period).
No need to be overly humble. (e.g., very gratefully yours, your humble
servant, etc.) are examples of being overly humble.
Revise the phrase “Please do not hesitate to call.” or “Please feel free
to call.” to something like “Please call or email if you need anything at
all.” You’re not that important. You don’t need to grant a prospect or
customer permission to call you.
Asking someone in an email to provide you with something or do
something for you can come across as abrasive if not worded correctly.
A nice way to soften a request is to open with “When you have a
moment, please…”
An email can be a permanent record. You should only put in an email
what you’re okay with the entire world seeing.
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To make reading your emails easier on the recipient, bullet items when
appropriate and create more paragraphs. If you’re using colored
backgrounds in your emails and/ or difficult-to-read fonts, stop.
Send attachments only when necessary. Minimize extra steps for your
recipient and type or paste what’s needed into the body of the email
(follow the golden rule).
Reply to all in your emails only when everyone needs to see your reply.
Never tag your email as urgent unless it absolutely is (to them, not
you)
Conclude all email correspondence with your phone number and email
address (every time), minimizing the need for someone to search for
them in previous emails.
(Source: Freely adapted from http://www.justsell.com)
After reading the above tips, you must know how to write an effective
email! Now, can you drop down key points from the checklist for your
study?
No need to overly humble
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
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Task 3: Happy Time
Answer the following questions and discuss with your classmates.
1. Did you have a good time with your friends last Sunday?
_____________________________________________________________
2. What did you do?
_____________________________________________________________
3. How did you feel?
______________________________________________________________
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Assessment Task: Sending an email to your friend
You are going to invite your friend, Shama, to attend your birthday party by
email. Remember to mention the venue and time in the email.
To:________________________
From: _____________________
Subject:_________________________
Dear ___________,
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Yours,
_____________________
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Warm Up Activity
Family is crucial in our life. Also, our relationships with our family have a
great impact on our happiness. So, we must stay close with our family
members and keep a good relationship with them. Now, could you describe
one of your family members’ personality and outlook? Glue his or her photo
in the box too!
e.g. My father is muscular and tall. He is a retired fireman. He likes reading
newspapers in the public library every Sundays.
1. My_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
This is my_______________.I love_______.
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Reading Comprehension: Western kinship
Read the following western (3) kinship terms:
Mother: a female parent
Father: a male parent
Son: a male child of the parent(s)
Daughter: a female child of the parent(s)
Brother: a male child of the same parent(s)
Sister: a female child of the same parent(s)
Grandfather: father of a father or mother
Grandmother: mother of a mother or father
Cousins: two people that share the same grandparent(s)
Grandparent : Grandfather: a parent's father, Grandmother: a
parent's mother
Grandson: a child's son
Granddaughter: a child's daughter
Uncle: father's brother, mother's brother, father's sister's husband,
mother's sister's husband
Aunt: father's sister, mother's sister, father's brother's wife,
mother's brother's wife
Nephew: sister's son, brother's son, wife's brother's son, wife's
sister's son, husband's brother's son, husband's sister's son
Niece: sister's daughter, brother's daughter, wife's brother's
daughter, wife's sister's daughter, husband's brother's daughter,
husband's sister's daughter
Cousin: the most (1) classificatory (2) term; the children of aunts or
uncles.
(Source: Freely adapted from www.wikipedia.org)
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Vocabulary
1. Classificatory
The system of dividing or classifying
2. Term
A word trying to point at something
3. Kinship
Relationship by nature, qualities
(Information retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com)
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Grammar Practice
Revision of irregular verbs and regular verbs
Infinitive Past Past Participle
Beat Beat
Become Became
Begin Began
Bend Bent
Bid Bid
Bind Bound
Bite Bit
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Infinitive Past Past Participle
Bleed Bled
Blow Blew
Break Broke
Breed Bred
Bring Brought
Build Built
Burst Burst
Burn Burnt
Cut Cut
Clean Cleaned
Crash Crashed
Crush Crushed
Cook Cooked
Craze Crazed
Drink Drank
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Revision of irregular verbs and regular verbs
Infinitive Past Past Participle
arrive arrived
Bow bowed
Change changed
Check checked
Cover covered
Drop dropped
happen happened
Finish finished
Hop hopped
Kill killed
Heat heated
Organize organized
Phone phoned
Prepare prepared
Pull pulled
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Fill in the blanks by interviewing your classmates.
Yesterday, I rode (ride) a bicycle.
e.g. Wati cooked food.
________
___________
________________________
Last night, I ate (eat) an apple.
________
___________
_________________________
________
___________
_________________________
Last
Sunday,
I
___________
_________________________
________
___________
_________________________
________
___________
_________________________
Retrieved from http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tensesimpast.htm
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Module
My Neighbourhood
Unit 4
Government
Departments
Task 1
My living condition
Task 4 (Assessment Task)
My dream house
Unit 5
Housing in Hong
Kong
Unit 6
Recreational
Facilities
Task 2
My apartment
Task 3
My bedroom
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Warm up Activities
Get in pairs and role-play Raheed and Wati.
Raheed Wati
1. Where do you want to go? 1. The convenient store.
2. Why? 2. To pay the water bill.
3. Is it convenient? 3. Yes.
4. So, could I pay the electricity fee there?
4. Yes, sure!
5. That’s great! Can you tell me the direction
5. Go straight from here and turn left.
6. Thank you! 6. You’re welcome.
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Reading Comprehension
Transport Department
The transport department of Hong Kong is the (1) authority for (2)
administering the Road Traffic Ordinance and (3) legislation for the
management of road traffic, regulation of public transport services and
operation of major transport (4) infrastructures. The main objective of
the department is to provide the world’s best transport system which is
safe, (5) reliable, (6) efficient, environmentally friendly and satisfying to
both users and (7) operators. One of the key (8) objectives is to make
Hong Kong a zero accident city.
(Information retrieved from http://www.td.gov.hk/en/about_us)
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Vocabulary
1. Authority
A rule or a power to determine or otherwise settle issues or disputes
2. Administering
Manage or supervise duties
3. Legislation
The act of making laws
4. Infrastructures
The fundamentals serving a country on the basis of transportation,
schools, communication system and so on.
5. Reliable
To depend or trust something
6. Efficient
Perform with the least waste of time and effort
7. Operators
A person who operates machine
8. Objective
A purpose, target or a goal that somebody wants to fulfill
(Information retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/)
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Grammar Revision 1
Infinitive Past Past Participle
Beat
Become
Begin
Bend
Bid
Bind
Bite
Bleed
Blow
Break
Breed
Bring
Broadcast
Build
Burst
Burn
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Grammar Revision2
Infinitive Past Past Participle
Arrive
Bowe
Change
Check
Cover
Drop
Happen
Finish
Hop
Kill
Heat
Organize
Phone
Prepare
Pull
Match
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Warm up Activity
Hong Kong is a small place with old and new, urban, sub-urban and rural
populated districts. Do you know how many types of housing in Hong Kong?
Discuss with your classmates.
Reading Comprehension
Public housing in Hong Kong is a set of (1) mass housing programmes
through which the Government of Hong Kong provides (2) affordable
housing for lower-income residents. It is a major (3) component of housing in
Hong Kong, with nearly half of the population now residing in some form of
public housing.
It is mainly built by the Hong Kong Housing Authority and the Hong Kong
Housing Society. Rents and prices are (4) significantly lower than those for
private housing and are heavily (5) subsidized by the government, with (6)
revenues partially recovered from sources such as rents and charges
collected from car parks and shops within or near the residences.
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A private housing estate is a term in Hong Kong that refers to a housing
estate developed by a private developer, as (7) opposed to a public
housing estate built by the Hong Kong Housing Authority or the Hong
Kong Housing Society. It usually is characterized with a (8) cluster of
high-rise buildings, with its own market or shopping mall. Mei Foo Sun
Chuen, built by Mobil, is the earliest (1965) and largest (99 blocks)
example of its kind.
Early real estate development in Hong Kong follows urban street pattern.
Single blocks of building are packed along streets and most of them are
managed independently. The quality varies from block to block. Private
housing estate on the (9) contrary provides integrated management
throughout whole estate, attracting more (10) affluent residents.
(Information retrieved from http://www.td.gov.hk/en/about_us)
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Vocabulary
1. Mass
Large quantity of particles, parts or substances
2. Affordable
Something that can be afforded within somebody’s financial budget
3. Component
An ingredient or a part of something
4. Significantly
Something that is important
5. Subsidized
To furnish or aid with subsidy
6. Revenues
The collective items or amounts of income of a person or a state, etc.
7. Opposed
To act against somebody or something
8. Cluster
A group of things or people close together
9. Contrary
Something that is opposite or unfavourable
10. Affluent
Prosperous or rich person
(Information retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/)
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Grammar Focus
Present Perfect Simple Timeline
Retrieved from http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tensepresperfsim.htm
We form the present perfect simple by using the auxiliary verbs have/has
and the -ed form of the regular verb (the past participle) irregular verb forms
have to be learned:
Statements
+/-
Statements
short form
I have worked. I’ve worked.
He has worked. He ________ worked.
She has worked. She _______worked.
It has not worked. It _________ worked.
You have worked. You ___________worked.
We have not worked. We_____________ worked.
They __________ worked. They haven't worked.
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Questions Short answer
+
Short answer
-
____________I worked? Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
____________ he worked? Yes, he has. No, he hasn't.
Has she worked? Yes, she _________.
No, she __________.
Has it worked? Yes, it ___________.
No, it ___________.
Have you worked? Yes you have. No, you haven't.
__________ we worked? Yes we
____________. No, we haven't.
__________ they worked? Yes they have. No, they __________.
(Retrieved from http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/tensesimpast.htm)
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Task 1: My living conditions
Do you like your living condition? _________________________________
Why?_______________________ because__________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(With a supply of electricity, tap water, a flush toilet?)
(Is it a physically-safe environment?)
Task 2: My Apartment
Sitting room Dining room
Bedroom Study room
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Task 3: My bedroom
Do you like your living environment? (Any noises?Any garden? Any bugs?)
I like _________________because ________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
I don’t like_______________because _______________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Assessment Task: My dream house
What is your dream house? How does it look like? Can you draw it and
describe it.(dining room/living room/garden/ bathroom/bath tub/ kitchen/
bedroom/game room, etc.)
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Can you describe the rooms in your dream house? Any furniture? Big or small? Any decoration? 3. How many rooms in your dream house? This is my dream house. There are ________________ rooms.
In my living room, I ______________________________________________ In my dining room, I _____________________________________________ In my bedroom, I _______________________________________________ In my kitchen, I ________________________________________________ What do you want to do in your dream house? Play games/watch TV/ have a cup of coffee/ listen to the radio/ play with my children/ cooking I want to______________________________________________________
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Warm-up Activity
How do you spend your spare time? Tick five things you like to do in the below table.
Five things I like to do
___ see a movie.
___ see a play.
___ play tennis.
___ play golf.
___ have lunch.
___ have coffee.
___ have dinner.
___ go to a concert.
___ go to a museum
___ go to an art gallery.
___ go for a drink.
___ go for a hike.
___ go for a drive.
___ go to the beach
___ go dancing.
___ go shopping.
___ go swimming.
___ go fishing.
___ go skiing.
___ go skating.
___ visit a temple.
___ watch a soccer match.
___ study English.
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Reading Comprehension
Broadway Cinema was first established in the 1950s and was (1) rebuilt in
the existing location, Sai Yeung Choi St., Mongkok, in 1987. (2) Thereafter,
Broadway Circuit has gradually developed to nowadays the largest cinema
circuit in Hong Kong. Being operated by Edko Films Ltd, the circuit consists
of 11 cinemas across the territory, covering all the major locations in Hong
Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories. By the 53 screens we offer,
our customers are able to choose from a wide range of movies upon their
tastes and interests.
Since 1999, Broadway Circuit has launched www.cinema.com.hk, which
provides updated movie information and a platform for movie discussion.
Inquiry hotline and email address were also set up to (3) enhance customer
communication for improving our service. Internet ticketing and phone
ticketing services were (4) launched from 2000 onwards. Moviegoers can
then select their favorable seat anytime at their (5) convenience.
(Information retrieved from http://www.global-report.com/hongkong)
44
Vocabulary
1. Rebuilt
To repair or build again
2. Thereafter
After that, accordingly or afterward
3. Enhance
To raise the value or price of something
4. Launch
To start or begin e.g. government has launched a new scheme
5. Convenience
Anything that simplifies work; something that is easy to obtain
(Information retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/)
45
Grammar Focus
Conditional Sentences / If-Clauses Type 0, I, II and III
In grammar, conditional sentences are sentences discussing factual
implications or hypothetical situations and their consequences. Languages
use a variety of conditional constructions and verb forms to form these
kinds of sentences.
Full conditional sentences contain two clauses: the condition, and the
consequence.
1. The Zero Conditional (Type 0)
The zero conditional is a structure used for talking about general truths, or
scientific facts -- things which always happen under certain conditions.
A zero conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an "if" clause and a
main clause (note that most zero conditional sentences will mean the
same thing if "when" is used instead of "if"). For example:
If the "if" clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the "if" clause
comes second, there is no need for a comma.
The simple present tense is the tense use in both clauses.
Examples:
If you cross an international date line, the time changes.
Phosphorus burns if you expose it to air.
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2. First Conditional (Type I)
The first conditional (also called conditional type 1) is a structure used for
talking about possibilities in the present or in the future. Type 1: if +
present + future.
Examples:
If I have the money, I will buy this car.
If it's sunny, we'll go to the park.
Thapa will be sad if Rani leaves.
If you cook dinner, I'll wash the dishes.
Among other variations the structure if + present + present is also
possible. It is used when the results are habitual or automatic. Example: If
a commodity is in short, supply prices tend to rise.
3. Second Conditional (Type II)
The second conditional (also called conditional type 2) is a structure used
for talking about unreal situations in the present or in the future. Type 2:
if + past + conditional
Examples:
1. If I had the money, I would buy this car. (Since I do not have the
money I cannot buy any new car). The action in type 2 is characterized
by unreality.
2. If I were you, I would drive more carefully in the rain.
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3. If dogs had wings, they would be able to fly.
4. Siti would be sad if Thapa left.
4. Third Conditional (Type III)
The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for
talking about unreal situations in the past. In other words, it is used to talk
about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. Type 3: if + past perfect
+ perfect conditional
Full form: If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam.
Contracted form: If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the
exam.
Examples:
1. If I had had the money, I would have bought this Audi. (But I did not
have it, and so did not buy).
2. If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident.
(You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough.)
If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. (We didn't
play well, so we lost the game.)
The action in type 3 is characterized by impossibility.
While type 1 and type 2 focus on the present or future, the time in type 3
is the past and signifies a completed action in the past. The condition,
therefore, cannot be fulfilled because the action in the if-clause did not
happen
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Warm-up Activity
1. If you were a millionaire, what would you do differently?
_____________________________________________________________
2. Would you live your life differently?
( Do absolutely nothing different?/ travel around the world?/Do the
same stuff with more expensive things such as watching shows on a
bigger TV, sleep on more expensive bedsheets, etc.)
____________________________________________________________
3. If you had a lot of holidays, where would you go?
_____________________________________________________________
49
Reading Comprehension
If Cars Could Fly
There is a company builds a car that can also fly. This company has
recently won approval from the Federal Aviation Administration to move
ahead with the project.
Anna Dietrich, co-founder and chief (1)operating officer of Terrafugia,
said the F.A.A. gave the company an (2) exemption from the agency’s
rules to build the car. Many lightweight (3) aircraft have to remain below
1,320 pounds to be approved for flight by the F.A.A.
“Safety is one of the biggest selling points,” Ms. Mina said. “Because the
(4) Transition is designed to operate on the road and in the air, we’ve (5)
incorporated all the safety features of a car into a plane.”
The standards and safety rules for cars are much stricter than those for
lightweight airplanes, Ms. Mina explained. A car, for example, requires
airbags, (6) crumple zones for crashes and a (7) protective safety (8) cage;
planes do not.
So how much will The Transition cost? The company is (9) anticipating a
purchase price of $194,000.
The car is expected to begin (10) delivery in about 18 months. Then,
according to the company’s Web site, owners will be able to “simply land
at the airport, fold your wings up and drive home.
(Information retrieved from http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/30)
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Vocabulary
1. Operating
Of, for, or pertaining to operations: an operating budget.
2. Exemption
The circumstances of a taxpayer, as age or number of dependents, that
allows him or her to make certain deductions from taxable income
3. Aircraft
Any machine supported for flight in the air by buoyancy or by the
dynamic action of air on its surfaces, especially powered airplanes,
gliders, and helicopters
4. Transition
Pass, change or move from one position to another
5. Incorporated
Combined in one body; made part of.
6. Crumple
To give way suddenly; collapse: The bridge crumpled under the weight
of the heavy trucks.
7. Protective
Tending to protect.
8. Cage
A frame with a net attached together
9. Anticipate
To expect, look forward
10. Delivery
Giving up or handing over
(Information retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com)
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Grammar Focus
I wish I had… Vs I wish I hadn’t…
Did you have any regrets in your life? What are some things that you regret
doing? To say what you wish about the past/ to express regret about past events,
you use the Past Perfect:
I wish I had passed my ESL class last semester! (You didn't pass.)
I wish she had given me her phone number. (She didn't give it to you.)
I wish I had never met Thomas.(You met him in the past)
I wish I had studied harder for my Eng test. (You didn’t study hard for
your test)
I wish I could…
1. What are some things you wish you could do?
I wish I could fly.
If I could…, I would…
2. What would you do if your wish came true?
If I could fly, I would fly all over the country and play with the bird
If …, I would wish for…
3. If a genie came out of a bottle and granted you three wishes, what would
you wish for?
I would wish for…
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Wish is used in greeting and expressions of goodwill
We wish you a "Merry Christmas."/ They wished him "Happy
Birthday." /Wish me luck.
What you wish about the present, you use the past.
I wish I had a good job. (You have a bad job now.)
I wish I had a million dollars. (You don't have a lot of money.)
I wish I knew how to speak Japanese. (You can't speak it.)
I wish I could type. (You can't type.)
I wish I were a good dancer. (You're a bad dancer.)
I wish she were nicer to me. (She's not nice to you.)
53
Summary of Tenses
IF-CLAUSE RESULT CLAUSE Explanation
simple present verb simple present verb
if-clause uses simple
present
result clause uses simple
present
If it rains,
If it gets cold
enough,
If I don't do my
homework,
my car window leaks.
water becomes ice.
I learn nothing.
expresses an
established or
predictable fact, or it
expresses a general truth
If Wati doesn't
eat dinner,
If I exercise,
she gets hungry at
midnight.
I look great!
expresses a habitual
situation or a habitual
activity.
If someone calls,
take a message please.
gives a command
54
simple present verb
modal + simple present
verb
if-clause uses simple
present result clause
uses modal + verb
If it rains, my window might leak. expresses a fact
If the phone rings, I will answer it.
expresses a future
situation
If the weather is
sunny,
we can go to the beach
Sunday.
expresses a future
activity
(Source: Freely adapted from http://www.english-zone.com/grammar/if-thenpres)
55
Grammar Practice
Complete the conditional sentences (Type I, II and III)
Once upon a time the cat bit the mouse's tail off. “Give me back my tail,”
said the mouse. And the cat said, “Well, I (give) ________________ you
back your tail if you fetched me some milk. But that's impossible to do for a
little mouse like you.”
The mouse, however, went to the cow. “The cat (give / only)
_____________ me back my tail if I fetch her some milk.”
And the cow said, “Well, I would give you milk if you (get)
_______________ me some hay. But that's impossible to do for a little
mouse like you.”
The mouse, however, went to the farmer. “The cat will only give me back
my tail if the cow (give) ________________ me some milk. And the cow
(only / give) ________________ me milk if I get her some hay.”
And the farmer said, “Well, I would give you hay if you (bring)
________________ me some meat. But that's impossible to do for a little
mouse like you.”
The mouse, however, went to the butcher. “The cat will only give me back
my tail if the cow (give) ________________ me milk. And the cow will only
give me milk if she (get) ________________ some hay. And the farmer (only
/ give) ________________ me hay if I get him some meat.” And the butcher
said, “Well, I would give you meat if you (make) _______the baker bake me
a bread. But that's impossible to do for a little mouse like you.
(Information retrieved from http://www.ego4u.de/de/cram-up/grammar)
End
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