ys% ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrcfha mdra,sfñka;=j act .pdf · 2014-10-28 · 2 1980 wxl 46 ork...

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YS% ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrcfha md¾,sfïka;=j

1980 wxl 46 ork fiajdkshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo,a mk;

[iy;slh igyka lf,a 1980 Tlaf;dan¾ ui 29 jk Èk §h']

wdKavqfõ kshuh mßÈ uqøKh lrk ,§' 1980 Tlaf;danrA ui 31 jeks Èk Y%S ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrcfha

.eiÜ m;%fha 11 jeks fldgfia w;sfrAlhla jYfhka m< lrk ,§’

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1980 wxl 46 ork fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo,a mk;

[iy;slh igyka lf,a 1980 Tlaf;daïn¾ ui 29 jk Èk]

t,a' ã' ´' 49$78 fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo, hkqfjka y`ÿkajkq ,nk wruqo,la msysgqùu iòyd úêúOdk ie,eiaùu msKsi o Bg iusnkaO fyda wdkqIx.sl lreKq iòyd úêúOdk ie,eiaùu msKsi o jQ mk;ls' Y%S ,xld m%cd;ka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrcfha md¾,sfïka;=j úiska fufia mkjkq ,efí (- 1' fï mk; 1980 wxl 46 ork fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo,a mk; hkqfjka y`ÿkajkq ,efí' 2' wud;Hdjrhd úiska idok ,ÿj .eiÜ m;%fhys m< lrkq ,nk kshuhl iòyka jQ o rdcH wxYfha fyda fm!oa.,sl wxYfha fyda hï mx;shl ke;fyd;a j¾.hl jHjidhhkag whs;s jQ o rdcH wxYfha yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha iEu jHjidhlg u fï mkf;a úêúOdk wod< úh hq;= h'

I jk fldgi

fiajdkshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo,a uKav,h msysgqùu

3' ^fuys ñka u;= “wruqo,” hkqfjka iòyka lrkq ,nk& fiajdkshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo, hkqfjka y`ÿkajkq ,nk wruqo,la msysgqjkq ,eìh hq;=h' 4' ^1& .eiÜ m;%fhys m< lrkq ,nk ksfõokhla u.ska wud;Hjrhd úiska kshu lrkq ,nk hï Èkhl isg l%shd;aul jk mßÈ" ^fuys ñka u;= “uKav,h” hkqfjka iòyka lrkq ,nk& fiajdkshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo,a uKav,h hkqfjka y`ÿkajkq ,nk uKav,hla msysgjkq ,eìh hq;= h'

ÿq`vq kduh fï mk; wod< ùu' fiajdkshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo, msysgqùu' fiajdkshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo,a uKav,h msysgqùu'

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^2& uKav,h wúÑýkak meje;aula yd fmdÿ

uqødjla we;s ixia:djla úh hq;= w;r uKav,h úiska iajlSh kdufhka kvq mejÍu o tlS kdufhka uKav,hg úreoaOj kvq mjrkq ,eîu o lrkq ,eìh yels h' ^3& wruqof,a mrsmd,kh" l<ukdlrKh yd md,kh uKav,h fj; mejfrkafkah' 5' ^1& wud;Hjrhd úiska m;a lrkq ,nk my; oelafjk idudðlhka kj fokdf.ka uKav,h iukaú; úh hq;= h (-

^w& wud;Hjrhd úiska kï lrkq ,nk idudðlhka y;rfokl= ¦

^wd& uqo,a úIhh Ndr wud;Hjrhd úiska kï

lrkq ,nk tla idudðlhl= ¦

^we& fj<ò úIhh Ndr wud;Hjrhd úiska kï lrkq ,nk tla idudðlhl= ¦

^wE& ,xld fiajdfhdaclhkaf.a ix.uh úiska

kï lrkq ,nk tla idudðlhl= ¦ iy

^b& idudcslhka tla ,laIhlg jeä ixLHdjla we;s iEu jD;A;Sh iñ;shlu úOdhlh úuid wud;Hjrhd úiska kï lrkq ,nk idudcslhka fofofkl= ¦

fï fPaofha ldrAh iòyd “úOdhlh”

hkak jD;a;Sh iñ;shla yd iïnkaOj fhfok úg thg jD;a;Sh iñ;s wd{dmkf;a oS we;s w¾:h u we;af;a h'

tfia jqjo" m%:u uKav,h iïnkaOfhka fuu Wmj.ka;sfhys ^b& fþofhys iòyka idudcslhka tla tla jD;a;Sh iñ;sfhys idudðl;ajh 1"00"000 lg jeä jD;a;Sh iñ;sj, idudðlhka w;=rska wud;Hjrhd úiska m;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= w;r" l,ska bj;a lrkq ,enqjfyd;a ñi" Tjqka m;a lrk ,o ld, iSudj bl=;a jk f;la iajlSh OQr orkafka h' ^2& uKav,fha m%Odk úOdhl ks,Orhd jk

uKav,fha iNdm;sjrhd" wud;Hjrhd úiska m;a lrkq ,nkafka h'

1988 wxl 47 mk;ska ixfYdaOkh lr we;'

uKav,fha idudðlfhda



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^3& uKav,fha hï idudðlhl= OQrfhka bj;a lsÍu wud;Hjrhd iqÿiq hhs l,amkd lr;fyd;a wud;Hjrhd úiska lsisu fya;=jla fkdolajd tfia lrkq ,eìh yels h' ^4& OQrfhka bj;a lrkq ,en we;s uKav,fha idudðlhl= uKav,fha idudðlhl= jYfhka kej; m;a lrkq ,eîu iòyd fyda fjk;a hï ;;a;ajhlska uKav,hg fiajh lsÍu iòyd fyda iqÿiq fkdúh hq;= h' ^5& wud;Hjrhd fj; lrkq ,nk ,sÅ; oekqï§ula u.ska uKAv,fha idudðlhl=g ljr fyda úgl iajlSh OQrfhka b,a,d wiaúh yels h' ^6& frda.d;=rùu fyda Y%S ,xldfjka neyerj isàu fyda fjk;a hï fya;=jla ksid ;u OQrfhys ld¾h bgq lsÍug iNdm;sjrhd fyda uKAv,fha hï idudðlhl= ;djld,slj wfmdfydi;a jqjfyd;a Tyq fjkqfjka l%shd lSÍu msKsi fjk;a hï ;eke;a;l= wud;Hjrhd úiska m;a lrkq ,eìh yels h' ^7& ñh hdfuka" b,a,d wiaùfuka fyda bj;a lrkq ,eîfuka OQrh l,ska ysia lr;fyd;a ñi uKav,fha iEu idudðlhl== u wjqreÿ foll ld,hla ;u OQrh orkafka h' ld,h bl=;aùfuka OQrh ysia lrk uKav,fhys hï idudðlhl= kej; m;a lrkq ,eîu iòyd iqÿiq jkafka h'

^8& ;u OQr ld,h bl=;a ùug fmr uKav,fha hï idudcslhl= úiska ;u OQrh ysia lrkq ,enqjfyd;a" Tyqf.a wkqm%dma;slhd úiska ;u OQrh l,ska ysia lrkq ,nkafka kï ñi" Tyq wkqm%dma; lrkq ,nkafka hï ;eke;;al= o ta ;eke;a;df.a OQr ld,fhka bl=;a fkdjQ fldgi iòyd ta wkqm%dma;slhd úiska OQrh oeßh hq;= h'

^9& uKav,fha idudðlhka w;r hï mqrmamdvqjla mej;Su fyda tys idudðlhl= m;a lsÍfï ,d hï wl%ñl;djla mej;Su fyda muKla fya;=fldgf.k uKav,fha lsisu l%shdjla fyda lghq;a;la wj,x.= fkdúh hq;= h'

^10& iajlSh lghq;= mj;ajd f.k hdu iòyd uKav,h úiska Í;s u.ska úêúOdk i,iajkq ,eìh yels h'

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6' uqo,a úIhh Ndr wud;Hjrhdf.a tl`.;ajh we;sj wud;Hjrhd úiska ksYaph lrkq ,nk wdldrfhka iy tfia ksYaph lrkq ,nk wkqm%udK wkqj uKav,fha idudðlhkag mdßY%ñl f.jkq ,eìh hq;= h' 7' ^w& uQ,H iïmdokhg yd wdfhdackhg iyNd.s

ùfuka fiajl whs;sh" fiajl iqNidOkh" wdrAÓl m%cd;dka;%slh m%j¾Okh lsÍu ¦

^wd& jHjidhkays idudkH fldgia w;alr .ekSfuka

l<uKdlrKfhys fiajl iyNd.s;ajh m%j¾Okh lsÍu ¦

^we& fiajd kshqla;hkag úY%du .ekSfï § odhl

fkdjk m%;s,dNhla ,nd .ekSu iòyd úêúOdk ie,eiaùu ¦ iy

^wE& fï j.ka;sfha ^w&" ^wd& iy ^we& fþoj, iòyka

wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSu iòyd wjYH úh yels fyda WmldÍ úh yels wka ish¨ l%shd fyda foaj,a lsÍu"

uKav,fha wruqKq jkafka h' 8' ^w& fï mk; hgf;a odhl uqo,a" wêNdr"Kh" m%odk"

fmd,S" ,dNdxY" idudcslhka úiska fyda Tjqka fjkqfjka fiajdfhdaaclhka úiska f.jk ;ekam;a uqo,a" nexl= j,ska fyda fjk;a m%Njhkaf.ka .kakd Kh iy wdfhdackj,ska yd ksYap, fyda pxp, foam< úlsKSfuka ,nd .kakd ish,q uqo,a fyda fjk;a ljr jQ fyda wdldrhl f.ùï uKav,h úiska Ndr.; hq;= w;r" uKav,h úiska ta ish,q uqo,a wruqo,g ner l< hq;= h'

^ww& uKav,h úiska hï pxp, fyda ksYap, foam<la

ljr jQ fyda wdldrhlska w;a lr .ekSu" oerSu" noaog fyda l=,shg .ekSu fyda oSu" Wlia lsrSu" Tvmkh lsrSu úlsKsu fyda wkHdldrhlska neyer lsrSu l< yels h ¦

^wd& wruqof,a uqo,aj, Ndrldr;ajh uKav,hg ;sìh

hq;= h ¦

^we& uKav,h úiska iy;sl lrkq ,enQ ;eke;a;kag fï mk; hgf;a ta ;eke;a;ka ysñlï ,nk m%;s,dN uKav,h úiska f.úh hq;= h ¦

uKav,fha idudðlhkaf.a mdßY%ñl' uKav,fha wruqKq

uKav,fha n,;, iy ld¾h'


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^wE& wruqof,a uqo,a w;=ßka fï mkf;a ld¾hh iòyd

jyd wjYH fkdjk uqo,a uKav,h iqÿiq hhs i,lk fldgiaj, fyda iq/l=ïm;aj, wdfhdackh lsÍu yd ta fldgia iy iq/l=ïm;a úlsKSu uKav,h úiska lrkq ,eìh yels h ¦

^b& wruqo, iïnkaOfhka fmdÿ .sKqula o" wruqof,a

tla tla idudðlhd iïnkaOfhka ^fï mkf;ys "fm!oa.,sl .sKqu" hkqfjka iòyka lrkq ,nk& fjku .sKqula o uKav,h úiskaa mj;ajd f.k hkq ,eìh hq;= h ¦

^B& wruqo,g wod< .sKqï fmd;a tla tla j¾Ifha

foieïn¾ ui ;sia tla jk Èkh jk úg ;=,kh lrkq ,eîug uKav,h úiska i,iajkq ,eìh hq;= h ¦

^W& tla tla j¾Ih iòyd wruqo, ms<snòj ,eîï yd

f.ùï ms<snò m%ldYhla o wdodhu yd úhou ms<snò m%ldYhla o j;alï yd nerlï ms<snò m%ldYhla o tla tla wdfhdackfha m%ldYs; w.h" .eKqï ñ, iy fj<o w.h oelafjk wdfhdack m%ldYhla o ms<sfh, lrkq ,eìug uKav,h úiska i,iajkq ,eìh hq;= h ¦

^W!& tla tla j¾Ih iïnkaOfhka ^W& fþoh hgf;a

ms<sfh, lrkq ,enQ tla tla m%ldYhka ys msgm;la B<`. j¾Ifha iema;eïn¾ ui ;siajk Èkg fmr uKav,h úiska wud;Hjrhd fj; hjkq ,eìh hq;= h ¦

^t& by;ska jQ j¾Ih wjidkfha § iajlSh fm!oa.,sl

.sKqfï nerg we;s uqo, tla tla j¾Ifha iema;eïn¾ ui ;sia jk Èkg fmr wruqof,a tla tla idudðlhd fj; uKav,h úiska ksfõokh lrkq ,eìh hq;= h ¦

^ta& wruqof,ka uqo,a wdfhdackh lsÍfuka tla tla

j¾Ih fjkqfjka ,enqK wdodhfuka ta jarIfha § fï mkf;a úêúOdk l%shd;aul lsÍfuys ,d uKav,h úiska ork ,o úhoï uKav,h úiska wvq lrkq ,eìh hq;= h ¦

^T& fï mk;g wkkql+, fkdjkakdjQ o fï mk;

hgf;a idok ,o ksfhda. u.ska uKav,h fj; mjrkq ,eìh yels yd kshu lrkq ,eìh yels jQ o wruqo, iïnkaOfhka fjk;a n,;, yd ld¾h uKav,hg ;sìh hq;= h'

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uKav,fha uqødj

wdfhdack

uKav,fha .sKqï ú.Kkh lsÍu

8w' uKav,fha uqøj

^w& uKav,h úiska l,ska l, ;SrKh lrkq ,nk ;eke;a;ka Ndrfha ;sìh hq;= h ¦

^wd& uKav,h úiska ;SrKh lrkq ,nk wdldrhlg

fjkia lrkq ,eìh yels h ¦ ;jo

^we& hï f,aLkhlg ;eîu" uKav,fha wkque;sh

we;sj iy ;uka meñK isgs njg ixfla;hla jYfhka ta f,aLkfhys w;aika ;eìh hq;= uKav,fha idudcslhka fofofkl= bosrsmsg oS yer fkdl, hq;= h'

9' uKav,h úiska fiajd kshqla;hka fjkqfjka hï jHdmdrhl" ta jHdmdrfha l<ukdlrKfhys ,d iyNd.s ùu m%jrAOkh lsÍfï woyiska fldgia ,nd .ekSfus ld¾h ioyd ke;fyd;a fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a w¾: ,dNh Wfoid wdodhu bmoùfus woyiska" wud;H uKav,fha wkqu;h we;sj" jdKscuh fyda ld¾ñl jHjidhhka wdrïN fldg mj;ajdf.k hdfï ldrAhh ioyd fydaa ksYap, foam< ixjrAOkh i`oyd wruqo,ska hï uqo,la m%fhdackhg .kq ,eìh yels h ' 10' ^1& tla tla j¾Ih fjkqfjka wruqof,a .sKqï

ú.Kldêm;sjrhd úiska ú.Kkh lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'

^2& ^1& jk Wm j.ka;sfhys úêúOdk flfia jqj

o" uqo,a úIhh Ndr wud;Hjrhdf.a tl`.;ajh we;sj yd ú.Kldêm;sjrhdf.ka úuid wud;Hjrhd úiska uKav,fha .sKqï ú.Kkh lsÍu msKsi iqÿiqlï ,;a ú.Kljrhl= fyda ú.Kljrhka m;aa lrkq ,eìh yels h' wud;Hjrhd úiska tjeks m;aùula lrkq ,en we;s wjia:djl" uKav,h iïnkaOfhka" ú.Kldêm;sjrhd úiska ;u ld¾h yd l¾;jH bgqlsÍu i`oyd tlS ú.Kljrhdf.a fyda ú.Kljrekaf.a fiajh m%fhdackhg .ekSug ;ud woyia lrk nj Tyqg fyda Tjqkag ,sÅ;j okajk ,eìh yels w;r" bka miqj tlS ú.Kljrhd fyda ú.Kljreka ú.Kldêm;sjrhdf.a fufyhùu yd md,kh hgf;a lghq;= l< hq;= jkafka h'


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^3& ^w& ú.Kldêm;sjrhd úiska uKav,fha .sKqï ú.Kkh lsÍfï § ;udg iydh ,nd .ekSfï ldrAhh i`oyd ;u fufyhùu yd md,kh hgf;a lghq;= l< hq;= iqoqiqlï ,;a ú.Kljrhl=f.a fyda ú.Kljrhkaf.a fiajh ,nd .; yelafla h ;

^wd& uKav,fha .sKqï ú.Kkhg wod<

hïlsis ;dlaIKsl" jD;a;Sh fyda úoHd;aul .eg`:jla mÍlaId lsÍfï §

^¸& uKav,fha fiajd kshqla;hl=

fkdjk ;eke;a;l=f.a" fyda

^¸¸& uKav,fha lghq;= l<ukdlrKfhys ,d ljr fyda iïnkaO;djla we;s wdh;khla fkdjk hïlsis ;dlaIKsl fyda jD;A;Sh fyda úoHd;aul wdh;khl

iydh ,nd .ekSu wjYH nj ú.Kldêm;sjrhdf.a u;h jkafka kï" Tyq úiska tmßofoka ta fiajh ,nd.; yelaflah' ;jo" ta ;eke;a;d fyda wdh;kh ú.Kldêm;srjrhdf.a fufyhùu yd md,kh hgf;a l%shd l< hq;af;a h'

^4& ^w& ú.Kldêm;sjrhdg fyda Tyqf.a wêldrh

,;a ljr fyda ;eke;a;l=g" uKav,fha .sKqï ú.Kkh lsÍfï §

^¸& uKav,fha ish¨ fmd;am;a" jd¾;d"

jdr jd¾;d iy fjk;a ,shlshú,s ,nd .ekSfï o"

^¸¸& uKav,fha .nvdj,g iy fjk;a

foam<j,g msúiSfï o" iy

^¸¸¸& uKav,fha .sKqï ú.Kkh lsÍu i`oyd wjYH úh yels f;dr;=re yd lreKq meyeÈ,s lrjd .ekSu uKav,h fyda tys ks,Orhka ,jd imhd .ekSug o

ysñlu we;af;a h'

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^wd& uKav,fha .sKqï ú.Kkh lsÍu

iòyd m;a lrk ,o iEu iqÿiqlï ,;a ú.Kljrhl=g u ke;fyd;a Tyqf.a wêldrh ,;a iEu ;eke;a;l=g u" uKav,h iïnkaOfhka wjYH úh yels msúiSulg" f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSulg iy lreKq meyeÈ,s lrjd .ekSulg tjeksu ysñlula we;af;a h'

^5& ^2& jk Wmj.ka;sfha úêúOdk hgf;a m;a lrk ,o iEu iqÿiqlï ,;a ú.Kljrhl= u úiska" ;u jd¾;dj wud;Hjrhd fj; bÈßm;a l< hq;= w;r" tys msgm;la ú.Kldêm;sjrhd fj; o bÈßm;a l< hq;af;a h'

^6& fuu j.ka;sfha ld¾h iòyd “iqÿiqlï ,;a

ú.Kljrhd” hk fhÿfuka ^w& Y%S ,xld jr,;a .KldêldÍkaf.a

wdh;kfha fyda kS;sfhka msysgqjk ,o fjk;a hï wdh;khl fyda idudðlhl= jQ o .Kldêldrsjrhl= o jYfhka jD;a;sfhys fh§ug ta wdh;kfha iNdj úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o iy;slhla orkakd jQ o ;eke;af;la ¦ fyda

^wd& hï .KldêldÍ iud.ul tla tla

fkajdisl yjq,alre Y%S ,xld jr,;a .KldêldÍkaf.a wdh;kfha fyda kS;sfhka msysgqjk ,o fjk;a hï wdh;khl fyda idudðlhl=j isákafka o tfukau .KldêldÍjrhl= jYfhka jD;a;sfhys fh§u iòyd tlS wdh;kfha iNdj úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o iy;slhla orkafka o tjeks jr,;a .KldêldÍ iud.ula fyda

woyia fõ'

^7&' ú.Kldêm;ssjrhd úiska iajlSh jd¾;dj uKav,h fj; bÈßm;a l< hq;= h'

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jd¾;d md¾,sfïka;=fõ§ iNd.; l< hq;= nj' wud;Hjdrhdf.a úOdk'

taldnoAO wruqo,ska uKav,hg f.ùu'

11' uKav,fha jev lghq;= ms<snò jd¾;djla uKav,h úiska jd¾Islj ms<sfh, fldg" ta jd¾;dj ú.Kldêm;sjrhdf.a jdrA;dj o iu." ta jd¾;d wod< jk jrAIhg blaì;sj u t<fUk j¾Ih bl=;aùug fmr" uKav,h úiska wud;Hjrhd fj; bÈßm;a l< hq;= w;r" wud;Hjrhd úiska ta jdrA;d md¾,sfñka;=fjs § iNd.; lrkq ,eìh hq;= h' 11 w fï mk; hgf;a uKav,fha ld¾h bgq lsrSu iy n,;, l%shd;aul lsrSu iïnkaOfhka wud;Hjrhd úiska l,ska l, uKav,hg ,sÅ;j fmdoq fyda úfYaI úOdk fokq ,eìh yels w;r uKav,h úiska ta jsOdk l%shd;aul l, hq;= h'

12 ^1& ^w& fï mk; l%shd;aul jk Èkfhka wdrïN jk udi fod<fya ld,h ;=< fï mkf;a úêúOdk l%shd;aul lsÍfuys ,d uKav,h úiska ork ,o m%d.aOk úhoï o we;=`:j ish¨ úhoï ¦ iy

^wd fï Wmj.ka;sfha ^w& fþofhys iòyka

ld,h wjikajk Èkhg blaì;sj u t<fUk Èkfhka wdrïNjk udi úis y;f¾ ld,h ;=, fï mkf;a úêjOdk l%shd;aul lsÍfuys ,d uKav,h úiska ork ,o ish¨ m%d.aOk úhoï

f.ùu iòyd md¾,sfïka;=fõ fhdackd iïu;hla u.ska ksYaph lrkq ,nk uqo,a taldnoaO wruqo,ska uKaav,hg f.jkq ,eìh hq;=h'

^2& ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a taldnoaO wruqo,ska f.jkq ,nk iEu uqo,la u wdKaavqfjka uKav,hg ,efnk Khla úh hq;= w;r uqo,a úIhh Ndr wud;Hjdrhdf.a tl`.;ajh we;sj wud;Hjrhd úiska ksYaph lrkq ,nk kshu yd fldkafoaisj,g wkql+,j ta uqo, wdmiq f.jkq ,eìh hq;= h'

³ 14' uKav,h úiska" wruqof,a uqo,a wdfhdackhkaf.ka ,nd .;a ,dNj,ska ,dNdxY m%ldY lrkq ,eìh hq;= w;r" tlS ,dNdxY wruqof,a tla tla idudðlhdf.a fm!oa.,sl .sKqug ner lrkq ,eìh hq;= h' ³ 1982 wxl 03 ork ixfYdaê; mk; u.ska 13 j.ka;sh bj;a lr we;

1982 wxl 3 ork mk;ska ixfYdaOkh lr we;'

,dNdxY

11

11 jk fldgi

odhl uqo,a

15' ^1& fiajdfhdaclhl= úiska fiajfhys kshqla; lrkq

,nk hï fiajdkshqla;hl= iïnkaOfhka wruqo,g odhl uqo,a f.ùug fï mkf;a úêúOdk hgf;a ta fiajd fhdaclhd m<uqfldg hg;a jkakd jQ wjia:djl" ta fiajdkshqla;hd túg wruqof,a idudcslhl= úh hq;= w;r" wruqof,ys Tyqf.a fm!oa.,sl .sKqfï nerg hï uqo,la we;s;dla l,a Tyq fkdlvjd wruqof,a idudðlhl=j isáh hq;= h'

^2& fï mkf;a fyda ta hgf;a idok ,o hï ksfhda.hl úêúOdk u.ska yer wkHdldrfhka ke;fyd;a ta úêúOdk j,g wkql+,j ñi" wruqof,ys lsisu idudðlhl=g fyda ta idudcslhd fjkqfjka ysñlï mdk fjk;a ;eke;a;l=g fyda wruqof,ys uqo,a flfrys hï iïnkaO;djla fyda tys,d hï ysñlï mEula fyda fkd;sìh hq;= h'

^3& fï mkf;a fï fldgfia úêúOdk hgf;a uqo,a lsisjlg hï fiajdkshqla;hl= fyda Tyq fjkqfjka l%shd lrk hï ;eke;a;l= fyda úiska kshñ; wdldrfhka ysñlï mEula lsrSu" ta uqo,a iïnkaOfhka ta fiajdkshqla;hdg we;s whs;sjdislug fldkafoaishla úh hq;= h'

16' ^1& fï mkf;a fï fldgi wod< jk iEu

fiajdkshqla;hl=g fiajd fhdacl úiska ta fiajdkshqla;hd ;u fiajfhys kshqla; lrkq ,nk tla tla udih fjkqfjka" ta udih we;=<; ta fiajd fhdaclf.a fiajfhys kshqla; ùfuka ta fiajdkshqla;hd Wmhk uq`: bmhSïj,ska ishhg ;=klg muK jk odhl uqo,la B<`.g t<fUk udifha wjidk Èk fyda tÈkg fmr ta fiajd kshqla;hd iïnkaOfhka wruqo,g f.ùug ta fiajd fhdaclhd hg;a úh hq;= h'

^2& fï j.ka;sh hgf;a fiajd fhdaclhl= úiska odhl uqo,a f.ùfï j.lSu tlS fiajd kshqla;sh iïnkaOfhka wud;Hjrhd úiska .eiÜ m;%fha m< lrk ,o kshufhka kshu lrk ,o Èkhg blaì;sj u miqj jQ Èkfhys wdrïN úh hq;= h'

wruqof,a idudðl;ajh'

fiajd kshqla;hl= iïnkaOfhka fiajdfhdacl úiska f.jkq ,nk odhl uqo,a'

12

1958 wxl 15 ork mk; wod, jk we;eï fiajd fhdaclhka úiska f.úh hq;= odhl uqo,a'

^3& hï fiajd kshqla;hl= iïnkaOfhka ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a f.jk ,o hï odhl uqo,la" uKav,h úiska" wruqof,a tlS fiajdkshqla;hdf.a fm!oa.,sl .sKqug ner lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'

17' ^1& fï mkf;a 29 jk j.ka;sfha úêúOdkj, l=ula i`oykaj we;o" 1958 wxl 15 ork fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo,a mk; wod< jk fiajdfhdaclhl= úiska fiajfhys kshqla; lrkq ,enQ tla tla fiajdkshqla;hd iïnkaOfhka ta mk; hgf;a msysgqjk ,o fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo,g fyda ta mk; hgf;a wkqu; lrk ,o w¾:idOl wruqo,la jYfhka m%ldY lrk ,o w¾:idOl wruqo,lg ta mk; hgf;a kshu lr we;s m%udKhg jvdjeäs m%;sY;hla wkqj .Kka n,kq ,enQ m%udKhl odhl uqo,la f.ùug ta fiajd fhdacl úiska ta mkf;a 11 jk j.ka;sfha úêúOdk hgf;a f;dard f.k we;s wjia:djl ta m%;sY;h -

^w& ta fiajdfhdaclhd hgf;a jQ ;u fiajdkshqla;sfhka ta fiajdkshqla;hdf.a tla udihl uq`: bmhSïj,ska ishhg ;=klg iudk fjf;d;a fyda Bg jeä fjf;d;a ta jeä m%;sY;fhka ishhg ;=kla iEu udihloS u wvqlr ta ishhg ;=k fï mk; hgf;a msysgqjk ,o wruqo,g fm%aIKh l< yels h ¦ ;jo ta wvq lsrSfuka miq b;srs jk m%udKh fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo,g fyda wkqu; lrk ,o w¾:idOl wruqo,g f.ùu lrf.k hd yelsh ¦ ke;fyd;a

^wd& ta fiajdfhdaclhd hgf;a jQ ;u

fiajdkshqla;sfhka ta fiajdkshqla;hdf.a tla udihl uq`: bmhSïj,ska ishhg ;=klg wvq fjf;d;a tu mkf;a 10 jk j.ka;sfha kshñ; m%;sY;hg jeäfhka we;s uqo,a m%udKh iy" ta iu`." ta bmhïj,ska ishhg ;=kl uq`: tl;=jla iEfok mrsos ta fiajdfhdaclhd úisska fokq ,nkakdjQ w;sf¾l odhl uqo,la ta fiajdfhdaclhd úsiska" fï mk; hgf;a msysgqjk ,o wruqo,g fm%aIKh lrkq ,eìh yels w;r" 1958 wxl 15 ork fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo,a mk; hgf;a kshñ; m%udKh fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo,g fyda wkqu; lrk ,o w¾:idOl wruqo,g f.ùu os.gu lr f.k hd yels h'

1982 wxl 03 ork mk;ska ixfYdaOkh lr we;'

13

iajhx /lshdjl kshqla; ;eke;a;l= úiska wruqof,a idudðlhl= ùug we;s ;u leue;a; uKav,h fj; oekqï Èh hq;= nj' 18 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a oekaùu hjk ;eke;a;df.ka jdr jd¾;djla leòùug uKav,hg we;s n,h'

^2 & fï mk; hgf;a msysgqjk ,o wruqo,g ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh m%ldr fiajdfhdaclhl= úiska lrk ,o hï f.ùula 16 jk j.ka;sfha úêsúOdk j,g wkql+,j lrkq ,enQ fia i,lkq ,eìh hq;= h'³

18' wruqof,a idudðlhl= ùug woyia lrk iajhx /lshdjl kshqla; ;eke;a;l= fyda ixl%uKsl lïlrejl= úiska tjeks idudðlhl= ùug we;s ;u leue;a; uKav,h fj; hjk ,o ,sÅ; oekaùulska oekaúh hq;= h' 19' ^1& 18 jk j.ka;sfha úêúOdk hgf;a oekaùula

uKav,h fj; ,efnk wjia:djl" fï mkf;a ld¾h iòyd" ;u fiajd kshqla;sh iïnkaOfhka úia;r we;=<;a kshñ; wdlD;sfhka jQ jdr jd¾;djla ta úOdkfhys ioyka Èkhg fmr" uKav,h fj; imhk f,i ta oekaùu hjk hï ;eke;a;l=g ,sÅ; úOdk l< yels h' ;j o ta ;eke;a;d úiska ta úOdkh ms<smeÈh hq;= h'

^2& ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a jdr jd¾;djla imhk

hï ;eke;a;l= úiska" ta jdr jd¾;dfjys we;=<;a lreKq ryiH f,i i,lkq ,eìh hq;= njg ,sÅ; b,a,Sula ta jdr jd¾;dj iu. hjkq ,eìh yels h' ;j o tjeks b,a,Sula lrkq ,en we;s wjia:djl" ta ;eke;a;df.ka l,ska ,nd.;a leue;a; fkdue;sj jdr jd¾;dfõ we;=<;a lreKq wkdjrKh fkdl< hq;= h'

^3& fï mk; yer hï ,sÅ; kS;shl úêúOdk u.ska

fyda ta hgf;a fyda tjeks wkdjrKh lsÍula fyda bÈßm;a lsÍula fyda ;ykï lrkq ,en we;s ljr fyda úgl hï jdr jd¾;djl lreKq wkdjrKh lsÍug fyda bÈßm;a lsÍug fyda hï ;eke;a;l=g fï j.ka;sfhys by;ska jQ úêúOdk lsisjlska kshu fj;ehs ke;fyd;a bv fokq ,efn;ehs i,lkq fkd,eìh hq;= h'

³ 1982 wxl 03 ork mkf;a 4 jk j.ka;sh u.ska

m%Odk m%{ma;shg lrk ,o ixfYdaOkh 1981 ud¾;= 1 jkod isg l%shd;aul jQ f,i ish¨ ld¾h iòyd i,lkq ,eìh hq;= h'

1988 wxl 47 orK mk;ska ixfYdaOkh ù we;'

14

m%;s,dN f.jkq ,nk ld,h' "

20' ^1& hï ;eke;a;l= úiska 18 jk j.ka;sfha úêúOdk hgf;a oekaùula hjkq ,en" ta ;eke;a;d jsiska 19 jk j.ka;sfha úêúOdk hgf;a imhk ,o jdr jd¾;dj uKav,h úiska i,ld ne,Sfuka miq" ta ;eke;a;d wruqof,a idudcslhl= f,i uKav,h úiska Ndr.kq ,nk wjia:djl" ta Ndr .ekSu ms<snòj ta ;eke;a;dg uKav,h úiska ,sÅ;j oekqï Èh hq;= h'

^2& hï ;eke;a;l="^1& jk Wmj.ka;sfha úêúOdk hgf;a wruqof,a idudðlhl= jk wjia:djl" Tyq úiska tla tla udih iòyd" miqj t<fUk udifha wjidk Èkfha § fyda ta Èkhg fmr remsh,a úismylg fyda tys .=Ks;hlg iudk uqo,la jk odhl uqo,la f.úh hq;= h' tfy;a udisl odhl uqo, ,s;a j¾Ih ;=<oS fkdfjkiaj mej;sh hq;= h;

^3& ̂2& jk Wmj.ka;sfha úêúOdk hgf;a wruqo,g

odhl uqo, f.jk hï ;eke;a;l=" Tyqf.a iajhx /lshd kshqla;sh k;r jQfha fyda Y%S ,xldfjka msg; fiajdkshqla;sh k;rjQfha fyda hï Èkhl oS o ta Èk isg ta odhl uqo,a f.ùu" uKav,h fj; ,sÅ;j oekqï §fuka miq k;r úh hq;= h'

^4& ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a wruqof,a idudcslhl= njg m;ajk ;eke;a;l= úiska hï ,s;a j¾Ihl wkql%ñl udi ;=kla fyda ,s;a j¾Ihla ;=, tl;=j udi myla jk uq`: ld,hla fyda odhl uqo,a f.jkq fkd,enQ úgl" wruqof,a ta idudcslhdf.a odhl uqo,a u; ta ,s;a j¾Ih fjkqfjka hï fmd<shla fyda ,dNdxYla ,eîug Tyq ysuslï fkd,eìh hq;= h' 21 ^1& wruqof,a hï idudcslfhl=f.a mqoa.,sl .sKqfï

nerg we;s hï uqo,la wruqo, msysgqùfï osk isg wjqreoq folla bl=;a jk;=re f.jkq fkd,eìsh hq;= h'

^2& ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sfha iòyka wjqreoq foll

ld,h bl=;a ùfuka miq" hï idudcslfhl=f.a mqoa.,sl .sKqfï nerg we;s uq`: uqo,a m%udKh" 23 jk" 24 jk iy 25 jk j.ka;sj, úêsúOdkj,g hg;aj ta idudcslhdg f.jkq ,eìh hq;= h'

^3& ^1& jk iy ^2& jk Wmj.ka;sj, úêúsOdkj, l=ula

iòykaj we; o" 1967 wxl 14 ork bkaoq ,xld .súiqu ^l%shd;aul lsrSfï& mk; hgf;a ishrg hjkq ,nk hï idudcslhl=f.a mqoa.,sl .sKqfï nerg we;s uq`: uqo,a m%udkh ta idudcslhd Y%S ,xldfjka msg;ajk oskhg fmr Tyqg f.jkq ,eìsh hq;=h'

iajhx /lshdjl kshqla; ;eke;a;ka úiska odhl uqo,a f.ùu' 1988 wxl 47 mk; u.ska ixfYdaOkh ù we;' 1988 wxl 47 mk; ixfYdaOkh ù we;' 1988 wxl 47 mk; ixfYdaOkh ù we;' 1982 wxl 03 mk; u.ska ixfYdaOkh ù we;'

15

fiajd kshqla;sh wjika l< úg fiajd kshqla;hkag m%;s,dN f.ùu'

22' wruqof,a wdfhdackfhka ,efnk wdodhfuka" wud;Hdjrhd iy uqo,a úIhh Ndr wud;Hjrhdf.a tl`.;ajh we;sj uKav,h úiska l,ska l,g kshu lrkq ,eìh yels" j¾Ihlg ishhg ;=klg fkdwvq hï wkqmd;hl fmd,shla" tlS j¾Ifha foieïn¾ ui ;sia tla jk oskg wruqof,a tla tla idudðlhdf.a fm!oa.,sl .sKqfï nerg ;sfnk uqo,g tla tla j¾Ih iòyd f.jkq ,eìh hq;= h : tfia jqj o" wruqof,a hï idudðlhl=g fyda idudðlhl= iïnkaOfhka fï mk; hgf;a hï m%;s,dNhla jYfhka hï uqo,a m%udKhla f.jkq ,nk ,s;a j¾Ifha ckjdß ui m<uqjk Èkfhka wdrïN ù tlS uqo,a m%udKh f.jk oskhg l,ska udifha wjidk oskfhka wjika jk ld, iSudj iòyd" tlS ld,iSudj wjika jk oskfha oS tlS idudcslhdf.a fm!oa.,sl .sKqfï nerg ;sfnk uqo,g j¾Ihlg ishhg ;=kl wkqmd;hl fmd<shla f.jkq ,eìh hq;= h' 23' ^1& 24 jk j.ka;sfha úêúOdkj,g hg;aj" iajlSh fm!oa.,sl .sKqfuys hï fiajd kshqla;hl=f.a nerg ;sfnk uqo," Tyqf.a fiajd kshqla;sh wjika lrkq ,enQ úg" uKav,h úiska ta fiajd kshqla;hdg f.jkq ,eìh hq;= h ( tfia jqj o wruqof,a idudðlhl=f.a fm!oa.,sl .sKqfuys Tyqf.a nerg ;sfnk hï uqo,la ^w& ta idudcslhd jhi wjqreÿ yegg jeä jkakdjQ wjia:djl yer ¦ ke;fyd;a ^wd& Y%S ,xldjg wdmiq fkdmeñKSfï fÉ;kdfjka fyda úfoaYhl ia:sr mosxÑh iòyd fyda Y%SS%s ,xldfjka msgù hdug isák njg ta idudcslhd úsiska f,aLkuh idCIs u.ska uKAv,h iEySulg m;a lrkq ,nk wjia:djl yer" wjqreoq myl ld, iSudjla we;=,; tla jrlg jevsfhka wdmiq ,nd .ekSug ta idudcslhd ysuslus fkd,ensh hq;= h' ^2& fus j.ka;sfha ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sfha l=ula iòyka j ;snqkso fus mk; wod< jk fiajdkshqla;hl= (i) rcfha fijfhys ;

odhl uqo,a j,g fmd,S wdÈh'

1988 wxl 47 mk; u.ska ixfYdaOkh ù we;'

16

wYlakq;djla ksid fiajd kshqla;sh wjika lrkq ,enQ úsg m%;s,dN f.ùu'

(ii) 1974 wxl 16 ork m<d;a md,k fiajd mk; u.ska ixia:dmkh lrk ,o m<d;a md,k fiajfhys ¦

^¸¸¸& 1980 wxl 35 ork ixj¾Ok iNd mkf;a

47 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a msysgqjk ,o osid fiajdfjys ¦ fyda

^¸¹& m<d;a md,k fiajfha idudcslhl=

jYfhka yer hï m<d;a md,k wdh;khl fiajfhys

úY%du jegqma iys; fiajd kshqla;shla Ndr.;a wjia:djl" ta úY%du jegqma iys; m;aùu Ndr.;aa osk oS ta fiajd kshqla;hdf.a fm!oa.,sl .sKqfï Tyqf.a nerg ;snqKq uqo, uKav,h úiska ta fiajd kshqla;hdg f.jkq ,eìh hq;= h' tfia jqjo ^¸¸& jk iy ^¸¹& jk fPaoj, iòyka hï fiajhl fiajd kshqla;hl= úiska orkq ,enQ úY%du jegqma rys; ;k;=rla" miqj" ta úY%du jegqma rys; ;k;=frys Tyq m%:u jrg fiajd kshqla;sfhys fhdojkq ,enQ osk isg l%shd;aul jk mrsos úY%du jegqma iys; njg m;a lrkq ,enQ wjia:djl" ta ;k;=r úsY%du jegqma iys; ;k;=rla njg m;a lrkq ,enQ oskfha oS wruqof,a ta fiajd kshqla;hdf.a fm!oa.,sl .sKqfï nerg ;snQKq odhl uqo,a m%udKh" Tyqf.a fiajdfhdacl fj; wdmiq f.jkq ,eìh hq;= h'

24' ^1& yÈis wk;=rla fyda wikSmhla fya;=fldg f.k jQ wYlakq;dj u; hus fiajdkshqla;hl=f.a fiajdkshqla;sh wjika lrkq ,enQ wjia:djl" 23 jk j.ka;sfha ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sfha w;=re jsOdkfha úêúOdkj, l=ula iòyka jqj o" ta fiajdkshqla;hdf.a fm!oa.,sl .sKqfuys nerg ;sfnk uqo, uKav,h úiska ta fiajdkshqla;hdg f.jkq ,eìh hq;= h'

^2& ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sfha ld¾hh iòyd

“wYlakq;dj u; wjika lrkq ,enQ” hkafkka jev lsÍu ìoyd iaÒr yd iïmQ¾K wYlakq;djhl fya;=fjka fiajd kshqla;h wjika lsÍu iy tA fya;=j ksid ;jÿrg;a jev lsÍu iòyd kqiqÿiq njg ,shdmÈxÑ ffjoH jD;a;slhl= iy;sl lsÍu woyia fõ'

1993 wxl 18 ork mk;ska ixfYdaOkh lr we; 1988 wxl 47 ork mk;ska ixfYdaOkh lr we;

17

fiajd kshqla;hl= ñh.sh úg m%;s,dN f.ùu'

^3& fï j.ka;sfha ^2& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a fiajd kshqla;lhl= úiska bosrsm;a lrk ,o ffjoH

iy;slhl ks¾jHdc;ajh ms<sn`oj iel lsrSug uKav,fha iNdm;sjrhdg fya;= we;s úsg" Tyq jsiska ta fiajd kshqla;hd h:d mrsos ixhqla; lrk ,o ffjoH uKav,hla fyda wdKavqfõ ffjoH ks,Orhl= fyda úiska kej; mrSlaId lrkq ,eîu i`oyd fhduq lrkq ,eìh yels w;r" tfia kej; mrSlaId lsrSfusoS" uq,a ffjoH iy;slh" hï jeo.;a úia;rhla iusnkaOfhka wi;H nj fidhd .kq ,enQ wjia:djl uKav,h úsiska ta iy;slh m%;slafIam lrkq ,eìh hq;= h' ;jo ta ,shdmosxÑs ffjoH jD;a;slhd úsiska bka miqj ksl=;a lrk ffjoH iy;sl ms<s.ekSu m%;slafIam lsrSug uKav,hg ysñlu ;sìh hq;= h'

25' ^1& hï fiajdkshqla;hl= ñh .sh úg" iajlSh

fm!oa.,sl .sKqfuys Tyqf.a nerg ;sfnk uqo, ta fiajd kshqla;hd f.a kdñlhdg uKav,h úiska f.jkq ,eìh hq;= h' tfia kdñlhl= fkdue;s kï" ta fiajdkshqla;hdf.a wka;su leu;s m;%fha fmd,au#lreg fyda ta fiajdkshqla;hdf.a nQo,fha woañksia;%dislreg fyda ta fiajdkshqla;hdf.a Wreulaldrhskag fyda ta uqo, f.jkq ,eìh hq;= h'

^2& idudcslhl=f.a fm!oaa.,sl .sKqfuys ;u nerg

;sfnk uqo,g ysñlu ,eîug fmr" wruqof,a idudðlhl= ñh hk wjia:djl ke;fyd;a Bg ysñlu ,eîfuka miq tfy;a ta uqo, Ndr .ekSug fmr Tyq ñh hk wjia:djl iy ta idudcslhdf.a urKh isÿjQ úg" ta uqo, f.úh hq;= jQ lsisÿ kdñlhl= fï mk; hgf;a idok ,o ksfhda. hgf;a m;alr fkdue;s wjia:djl ke;fyd;a fï mk; hgf;a idok ,o ksfhda. hgf;a m;a lrk ,o kdñlhd fyda kdñlhka ñh f.dia we;s wjia:djl" túg ta uqo,

^w& th woañksia;%dis l< yels nQo,hla kï wka;su leu;s m;%fha fmd,au#lreg fyda ta nQo,fhys we;=<;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= ta ñh .sh idudðlhdf.a nQo,fha woañksia;%dislreg fyda f.jkq ,eìh hq;= h ¦

1988 wxl 47 mk; u.ska ixfYdaOkh ù we;'

18

^wd& th woañksia;%dis l< fkdyels nQo,hla kï" uKav,fha u;h wkqj iy;sl lrkq ,eìh

hq;= ;eke;a;ka w;ßka uKAv,h úiska m;a lrkq ,nk fyda ,eìh hq;= ta uqo,g kS;sfhka ysñlu we;s ;eke;a;dg f.jkq ,eìh hq;= h ¦ ;jo

^we& wruqof,a idudcslhl= úiska ta

idudcslhdf.a fm!oa.,sl .sKqfï nerg ;sfnk uqo, Tyqf.a urKh isÿjQ jsg f.úh hq;= kdñlhka fofofkl= fyda Bg jeä .Kkla m;a lrkq ,en we;s wjia:djl" iy ta idudðlhdg fmr tla kdñlhl= fyda tla kdñlhl=g jeä .Kkla ñh hk wjia:djl túg ta idudðlhd úiska wjia:dfjdaÑ; mßÈ w¨;a kdñlhl= fyda kdñlhka m;a fkd fldg ta idudcslhdf.a urKh isÿ jQ úg ta uqo,

^i& Ôj;aj isák tlu kdñlhl= isákafka kï Tyqg f.jkq ,eìh

hq;= h ¦ ke;fyd;a ^ii& tla kdñlhl=g jeäfhka isákafka

kï ta kdñlhka w;r iudk fldgia wkqj fn§fuka f.jkq ,eìh hq;= h'

^3& hï wjia:djl§ wruqof,a idudðlhl= úiska

Tyqf.a fm!oa.,sl .sKqfus nerg ;sfnk uqo, Tyqf.a urKh isÿ jQ úg f.úh yels hï ;eke;a;l= fyda ;eke;a;ka kus l, yels h'

^3w& fï mkf;a úêúsOdk hgf;a kdñlhl= kï

fldg fkdue;s wjia:djl" ta idudcslhd fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo,a mk; hgf;a mssysgqjkq ,enQ fiajl w¾:idOl wruqof,a fyda ta mk; hgf;a wkqu; lrkq ,enQ w¾:idOl wruqo,l fyda idudcslhl= o fjs kï" ta mk; hgf;a idokq ,enQ ksfhda. hgf;a kus lrkq ,enQ hï kdñlhl=" fï mk; hgf;a kï lrkq ,enQ kdñlhl= f,i i,lkq ,ensh hq;= w;r" fus mkf;a jsOsjsOdk" wjYh fjkia lsrSus iys;j" ta kduslhd iusnkaOfhka o wod< jkafka h'

1993 wxl 18 ork mk;ska ixfYdaOkh jS we;'

19

wvq l, odhl uqo,a iusnkaOfhka uKav,h jsiska fiajdfhdaclhkag jsOdk ksl=;a l< hq;= nj'

^4& wruqof,a idudcslhl= úiska lrk ,o hus kus lsÍula ;ud úiska ljr wjia:djl § jqj o wj,x.= l< yels h'

^5& iEu kus lsÍula u iy kus lsÍul iEu wj,x.=

lsÍula u kshñ; wdlD;sfhys úh hq;= h' ^6& hus idudðlhl= úiska lrk ,o iEu kus lssrSfus

f,aLkhla u iy kus lsÍu wj,x.= lsÍfus iEu f,aLkhla u ta f,aLkh ,shd w;aika lsÍfus Èk isg Èk ;syla we;=<; ;u fiajd fhdacl u.ska uKAv,h fj; bÈßm;a l< hq;= h'

^7& ;u újdyhg fmr idudðlhl= úiska lrk ,o

hï kus lsÍula ta idudðlhdf.a újdyfha § wj,x.= lrkq ,enQ f,i i,lkq ,eìh hq;= h'

^8& újdyl idudðlhl= úiska lrk ,o iEu kus

lsÍula u Tyqf.a mjqf,a tla idudðlhl=f.a fyda Bg jeä idudðlhka .Kklf.a jdishg úh hq;= h'

111 jk fldgi

ysñlï mEï mßmd,kh lsÍu yd ksYaph lsÍu

26' ^1& fus mk; l%shd;aul ùug fmrd;=j u mej;s tla j¾Ihl ld,h ;=< fyda ta Èkfhys fyda Bg miq hus ld,hl fus mk; hgf;a f.úh hq;= hus odhl uqo,l m%udKh wvq lsrSfus ld¾hh iòyd hus fiajdkshqla;hl=f.a fiajdfhdacl úiska ta fiajdkshqla;hdf.a bmehSus wvq lrkq ,en we;s njg uKav,h iEySug m;ajk wjia:djl" wvq lsÍug fmr ta fiajdkshqla;hd ,enQ bmehSus mokus lrf.k wd.Kkh lrk ,o kus" ta ld,h ;=< odhl uqo,a jYfhka fiajdfhdacl úiska f.úh hq;= uqo, iy ta ld,h ;=< Tyq úiska we;a; jYfhkau odhl uqo,a jYfhka f.jkq ,enQ uqo, w;r we;s fjki" ta wvq lrk ,o bmehSus ta fiajdkshqla;hd ,enQ iusmQ¾K ld,h iusnkaOfhka oekaùfus iòyka jdßlj,ska iy tys iòyka Èkj,g fmr wruqo,g f.jk f,i uKav,h úiska ,sÅ; oekaùula u.ska ta fiajdfhdaclhdg úOdk lrkq ,eìh yels h'

20

hï odhl uqo,a f.jkq fkd,enQ wjia:djl fiajdfhdacl úiska wêNdrh f.úh hq;= nj'

^2& uKav,h úiska ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a hus

fiajdfhdaclhl= fj; úOdkhla lrkq ,nk wjia:djl tlS fiajdfhdacl úiska ta úOdkhg wkql+,j l%shd l, hq;= h'

27' fï mk; hgf;a f.úh hq;= hï odhl uqo,la

kshñ; Èk wruqo,g f.jkq fkd,en we;a;d jQ o ;udg md,kh l< fkdyels jQ fya;= ksid ta odhl uqo,a f.ùug wfmdfydi;a jQ njg uKav,h iEySug m;ajk whqßka meyeÈ,s lsÍug fiajdfhdaclg fkdyels jkakd jQ o wjia:djl" ta odhl uqo,a m%udKhg w;sf¾lj my; i`oyka wdldrhg wd.Kkh lrk ,o wêNdr uqo,a m%udKhla wruqo,g f.ùug Tyq hg;a úh hq;= h (

^w& ta odhl uqo, osk oyhla fkdblaujk

ld,hlg ys`.j we;s wjia:djl ta odhl uqo,a m%udKfhka ishhg myl wêNdrhla ¦

^wd& ta odhl uqo, osk oyhlaa blaujk" tfy;a

tla udihla fkdblaujk" ld,hlg ys`.j we;s wjia:djl ta odhl uqo,a m%udKfhka ishhg myf<djl wêNdrhla ¦

^we& ta odhl uqo, tla udihla blaujk" tfy;a

udi ;=kla fkdblaujk" ld,hlg ys`.j we;s wjia:djl ta odhl uqo,a m%udKfhka ishhg úiail wêNdrhla ¦

^wE& ta odhl uqo, udi ;=kla blaujk" tfy;a

udi yhla fkdblaujk" ld,hlg ys`.j we;s wjia:djl ta odhl uqo,a m%udKfhka ishhg ;syl wêNdrhla ¦

^b& ta odhl uqo, udi yhla blaujk" tfy;a

udi fod<yla fkdblaujk" ld,hlg ys`.j we;s wjia:djl ta odhl uqo,a m%udKfhka ishhg y;<syl wêNdrhla ¦

^B& ta odhl uqo, udi fod<yla blaujk

ld,hlg ys`.j we;s wjia:djl ta odhl uqo,a m%udKfhka ishhg mkyl wêNdrhla '

1982 wxl 03 mk;ska ixfYdaOkh ù we;'

21

28 ^1& wruqo,g wh úh hq;= hï uqo,la ,>q ld¾h mámdáh wkqj kvq lghq;= mjrkq ,eìh yels kvqjla u.ska wh lrkq ,eìh hq;= h' ,>q kvq ld¾h mámdáh wod< jkafka hï kvq iïnkaOfhka o" ta kvqj,g wod< isú,a kvq úOdk ix.%yfha úêúOdk fus j.ka;sh hgf;a jQ kvqjlg wod< úh hq;= h' ;jo tjeks kvqjlg ta úêúOdk wod< lsÍfï ld¾h ioyd muKla isú,a kvq úOdk ix.%yfha 8 jk j.ka;sfhys oelafjk "fus wd{dmk;ska" hk jpk fjkqjg "fï wd{dmk;ska fyda fjk;a ,sÅ; kS;shlska " hk jpk wdfoaY lrkq ,enQjdla fuka isú,a kvq úOdk ix.%yfha 8 jk j.ka;sfhys úêúOdk n,d;aul úh hq;= h' ^2& fï mk; hgf;a ;ud úiska f.úh hq;= hï uqo,a m%udKhla f.ùu fiajdfhdaclhl= úiska meyer yßk yd ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a whlr .ekSu l%shd;aul l< fkdyels yd wjia:dkql+, fkdjk nj uKav,fha u;h jk wjia:djl" uKav,h úiska meyer yerSu isoq lr we;af;a hï fiajdkshqla;hl= iïnkaOfhka o Tyq ta meyer yers fiajdfhdaclhd úiska fiajfha kshqla; lrkq ,nk fyda fiajfha kshqla; lrkq ,enQ hï Èia;%slalhl wêlrK n,iSudj we;s Èid wêlrKh fj;" f.úh hq;= uqo,a m%udKhka ms<sn`o úia;r yd tlS fiajdfhdacl mÈxÑ ia:dkfha ku yd ia:dkh we;=<;a iy;slhla ksl=;a l< yelsh' ;jo bka wk;=rej meyer yeß fiajdfhdaclf.a ish¨ pxp, yd ksYap, foam< fyda tfia wh úh hq;= uqo,a m%udKh wh lr .ekSu ioyd wjYH hhs msial,a úiska ie,lsh yels tys fldgila" ;ykug f.k úlsKSu ioyd ta msial,ag n,hmjrñka yd kshu lrñka l%shd;aul lsÍfï wd{djla ta msial,a fj; ksl=;a lsÍug wêlrKh úiska úOdk l< hq;= w;r" ta ;ykug .ekSu yd úlsKSu yd ta iïnkaOfhka wjYH fjkia lsÍï iys;j isú,a kvqúOdk ix.%yfha 226 isg 297 olajd j.ka;s wod< jkafka h'

wruqo,g wh úh hq;=uqo,a whlr .kakd wkaou' 1988 wxl 47 mk;ska ixfYdaOkh ù we;'

22

^3& fï mk; hgf;a fiajdfhdaclhd úiska f.úh hq;= hï uqo,a m%udKhla f.ùu meyer yßk yd ^1& jk fyda ^2& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a ta uqo,a m%udKh whlr .ekSu l%shd;aul l< fkdyels yd wjia:dkql+, fkdjk nj uKav,fha u;h jk wjia:djl ke;fyd;a whúh hq;= uq`: uqo,a m%udKh ;ykug .ekSu yd úlsKSu u.ska whlr fkd.kakd ,o wjia:djl" uKav,h úiska meyer yerSu isoqlr we;af;a hï fiajdkshqla;hl= iusnkaOfhka o" Tyqf.a fiajd ia:dkh msysgd we;s fldÜGdih flfrys wêlrK n, iSudj we;s ufyaia;%d;ajrhl= fj; tfia wh úh hq;= uqo,a m%udKh yd meyer yeß fiajdfhdaclf.a ku yd mÈxÑ ia:dkh ms<sno úia;r we;=<;a iy;slhla ksl=;a l< yels h' bka wk;=rej ufyaia;%d;ajrhd úiska fus mk; hgf;a whúh hq;= uqo,a m%udKh whlr .ekSu iòyd Tyqg úreoaOj ;jÿrg;a kvq lghq;= fkdf.k hdug fya;= oelaùug ta fiajdfhdacl Tyq bÈßhg leòúh hq;= w;r tfia m%udKj;a fya;= oelaùu meyer yeßhúg ta uqo,a m%udKh ufyaia;%d;ajrhd úiska nkaOkd.dr.; lsÍfuka o`vqjus l< yels jrola iòyd oKavk kshuhla u.ska ta fiajdfhdacl fj; kshu lrk ,o ovhla f,i i,lkq ,eìh hq;= h' ;jo tjeks jrola iòyd kshu lrk ,o ovhla f.ùu meyer yeÍu iïnkaOfhka 1979 wxl 15 ork wmrdO kvq úOdk ix.%yh mkf;a 291 jk j.ka;sfha úêúOdk ^tys ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sfha ^w&" ^B&" ^ta& fþo yer& wod< úh hq;= h¦ ;j o tjeks oKavk kshuhla lrk wjia:dfjs § ta j.ka;sfha úêjsOdk u.ska ;ud úiska l< yelsj ;snQ hï úOdk ufyaia;%d;ajrhd úiska l< yels h' ^4& fï j.ka;sfha ld¾hh iòyd uKav,h úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o iy;slhl hï m%ldYhl ksrjoH;djh fï j.ka;sh hgf;a hï kvq lghq;a;l § wêlrKhla úiska m%Yak lrkq ,eîu fyda úNd. lrkq ,eîu fyda fkdl< hq;= h' ;jo ta wkqj fus j.ka;sfha lsisjlska ta iy;slfha hï m%ldYhl ksrjoH;djh ms<snòj i,ld ne,Sug fyda ;SrKh lsÍug fyda wêlrKhg n,h fkd,efnkafka h' ;jo fï mk; hgf;a f.ùu meyer yßk fiajdfhdaclhl=f.ka ,eìh hq;= uqo," ksis f,i .Kka n,kq ,enQ nj iy ta uqo, meyer yßkq ,en we;s njg uKav,fha iy;slh m%udKj;a idlaIshla úh hq;= h'

1988 wxl 47 orK mk;ska ixfYdaOkh jS we;'

23

odhl uqo,a f.ùu msKsi fiajdfhdacl úiska fiajd kshqla;hl=f.a bmehSus wvq fkdl< hq;= nj' fiajdfhdacl úiska f.úh hq;= hus uqo,la Tyq úiska wvq fkdl< hq;= nj' hï fiajdfhdaclhl= f.ka whúh hq;= uqo,a m<uq jeh nrla úh hq;= nj' fiajdkshqla;hd f.a nerg we;s uqo,a mejÍu n, rys; nj'

^5& wruqo,g ,eìh hq;= hï uqo,a wh lr .ekSu iòyd kvq lghq;= uKav,h úiska fyda ta fjkqfjka n,h fok ,o uKav,fha hus ks,Orhl= úiska fyda mjrkq ,eìh yels h' ;jo Bg mgyeksj fjk;a hus ,sÅ; kS;shl l=ula iòyka j we;o uKav,h úiska fyda ta ks,Orhd úiska fyda ta kvq lghq;= mj;ajdf.k hkq ,eìh hq;= h' ^6& fï mk; hgf;a odhl uqo,a fyda wêNdrhla jYfhka f.úh hq;= hï uqo,la wh lr .ekSug ld,dm.uk wd{dmkf;a úêúOdk wod< fkdúh hq;= h' 29' fï mk; hgf;a hï fiajdkshqla;hl= iïnkaOfhka hï odhl uqo,la fyda wêNdrhla f.ùug ;udg we;s neòSu fya;= fldg f.k lsisu fiajdfhdaclhl= úiska" ta fiajdkshqla;hdf.a bmehSï wvq lsÍu fyda hï ,sÅ; kS;shl úêúOdk hgf;a fyda ;u fiajdkshqla;sfha kshuhka yd fldkafoais hgf;a fyda ta fiajdkshqla;hd ysñlu ,nk hï m%;s,dNhla Tyqg ydkslr wkaoñka fjkia lsÍu fyda fkdl< hq;= h' 30' fï mkf;a fï fldgfiys úêúOdk hgf;a odhl uqo,la fyda wêNdrhla fyda jYfhka hï fiajdkshqla;hl=f.a fiajdfhdacl úiska f.úh hq;= hï uqo,la ta fiajdfhdacl úiska ta fiajd kshqla;hdf.a bmehsusj,ska wvq fkdlrkq ,eìh hq;= h' 31' fiajdfhdaclhl= úiska hï uqo,la f.jkq ,eìh hq;= f,i fï fldgiska kshu lrkq ,en we;af;a hï ld,hla we;=<; o ta ld,h wjika ùfuka blaì;sj u t<fUk ld,fha § ta fiajdfhdaclhdf.ka whúh hq;= ta uqo," fjk;a hï ,sÅ; kS;shl mgyeksj l=ula iòykaj we; o Tyqf.a j;alï ms<snòj m<uq jeh nrla úh hq;= h' 32' wruqof,a idudðlhl=f.a fm!oa.,sl .sKqfï nerg we;s uqo,l iEu mejÍula fyda wh lsÍula iy tjeks hï uqo,la mejÍu fyda whlsÍu ms<snò jQ iEu .súiqula u jia;=Nx.;aj wd{dmkf;a iòyka úêúOdk flfia jqjo" ta idudðlhdf.a Kh ysñhka fjkqfjka l%shd lrk hus mejreï,dNshl=g w;a fkdúh hq;= h'

24

ysñlï mEï"

uKav,h úiskafyda uKAv,h úiska n,h fokq ,enQ ksYaph l, hq;= nj' uKav,fha kshuhg úreoaOj wNshdpkh'

33' ^1& wruqof,ka hï f.ùula iòyd jk ish,q ysñlï mEï" fyda ;;a ldrAhh iòyd uKav,h n,h fok ,o hï ks,Orhl= jsiska fyda ksYaph lrkq ,eìh hq;= w;r" uKav,fha fyda tjeks ks,Orhl=f.a fyda ksYaph lsrSus" Bg jsreoaOj lrk wNshdpkhloS fokq ,ensh yels ;SrKhlg hg;aj" wjikd;aul jsh hq;= h' ^2& uKav,fha ks,Orhl= jsiska ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a lrk ,o ksYaphlska w;D;am ljr fyda ;eke;a;l=g ta ksYaph lsrSu okajkq ,eîfuka ojia ;syla we;=<; ta ;eke;a;d úiska Bg úsreoaOj uKav,h fj; wNshdpkhla l< yels h' hus wNshdpkhl oS uKav,h jsiska ta ks,Orhdf.a ksYaph lsrSu" ia:sr lsrSu" fjkia lsrSu fyda W;aidrKh lsrSu l< yels w;r tjeks hus wNshdpkhl oS uKav,fha ;SrKh 34 jk j.ka;sfha ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sfha ldrAh iòyd uKav,fha ksYaph lsrSula f,i ie,lsh hq;= h' 34' ^1& uKav,fha ksYaph lsÍu iusnkaOfhka w;Dma;shg m;a hï ;eke;a;l= úiska kS;sh ms<snò m%Yakhla u; ta ksYaph lsÍug úreoaOj wNshdpkfha fjk;a iEu mdrAYjlrejl= u j.W;a;rlrejl= jYfhka iòyka lrkq ,nk ,sÅ; fm;aiula u.ska wNshdpkdêlrKhg wNshdpk lrkq ,eìh yels h' ^2& újdohg Ndck lrkq ,nk kS;sh ms<snò m%Yakh wNshdpk fm;aifuys iòyka úh hq;= w;r" ta m%Yakh wNshdpkdêlrKh úiska úksYaph lrkq ,eîug iqÿiq jQ m%Yakhla njg kS;S{jrhl= úiska fokq ,nk iy;slhla o thg we;=<;a úh hq;= h' ^3& wNshdpk fm;aiu" wNshdplg ksYaph lsrSu oekqï fokq ,eîfuka" osk ;syla we;=<; bosrsm;a lrkq ,eìh hq;= h' 33 jk j.ka;sfha ^2& jk Wmj.ka;sfha iy fï j.ka;sfha ldrAh iòyd" hï ;eke;a;l=g ksYaph lsrSu oekqus fokQ ,enQ oskh f,i ie,lsh hq;af;a ta ksYaph lsrSu ta ;eke;a;dg ,shdmosxps ;eme,a u.ska ;eme,a lrkq ,enQ oskh h' 35' wruqo, mßmd,kh lsÍu iusnkaOfhka jQ ish¨ f,aLk" wdlD;s m;% yd jdr jdrA;d kshu lrkq ,eìh hq;= h'

1988 wxl 47 ork mk;ska ixfYdaOkh ù we;' 1988 wxl 47 ork mk;ska ixfYdaOkh ù we;' f,aLk" wdlD;s m;% yd jdr jd¾;d'

25

IV jk fldgi

uKav,fha ldrAh uKav,h

36' ^1& iajlSh lrA;jHhka ldrAhlaIu f,i bgq lsÍu iòyd wjYHhhs uKav,h úiska i,lkq ,nkakd jQ ks,Orhka yd fiajlhka uKav,h úiska m;a lrkq ,eìh yels h' ^2& ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a m;a lrkq ,enQ ks,Orhka g yd fiajlhka g uKav,h úiska ksYaph lrkq ,nk wdldrfhka yd wkqm%udK wkqj mdßY%ñl f.jkq ,eìh hq;= w;r uKav,h úiska ksYaph lrkq ,nk fiajd fldkafoaisj,g o Tjqka hg;a úh hq;= h' ^3& rdcH fiajfha kshqla; hus ks,Orhl=" uKav,fha b,a,Su msg ta ks,Orhdf.a iy rdcH mßmd,k úIhh mjrkq ,en we;s wud;Hjrhdf.a wud;HdxYfha f,alusjrhdf.a o leue;a; we;sj" uKav,h úiska tjeks leue;a; we;sj ksYaph lrkq ,nk ld, iSudjla iòyd uKav,fha ldrAh uKav,hg ;djld,slj m;a lrkq ,eìh yels h ; ke;fyd;a ta ldrAh uKav,hg iaÓrj m;a lrkq ,eìh yels h' ^4& rdcH fiajfha kshqla; hus ks,Orhl= uKav,fha ldrAh uKav,hg ;djld,slj m;a lrkq ,enQ wjia:djl" cd;sl rdcH iNdfjs 1978 wxl 19 ork .ukd.uk uKav, mkf;ys 13 jk j.ka;sfha ^2& jk Wmj.ka;sfhys úêúOdk wjYH fjkia lsÍus iys;j" ta ks,Orhdg iy Tyq iusnkaOfhka wod< úh hq;= h' ^5& rdcH fiajfha kshla; hus ks,Orhl= uKav,fha ldrAh uKav,hg iaÓrj m;a lrkq ,enQ wjia:djl" cd;sl rdcH iNdfjs 1978 wxl 19 ork .ukd.uk uKav, mkf;a 13 jk j.ka;sfha ^3& jk Wmj.ka;sfhys úêúOdk wjYH fjkia lsÍus iys;j" ta ks,Orhdg iy Tyq iusnkaOfhka wod< úh hq;= h' ^6& ksYaÑ; ld, iSudjla iòyd wdKavqjg fiajh lsÍug tl`. ù hus ;eke;a;l= uKav,h úiska fiajfhys fhdojd .kq ,nk wjia:djl" ta ;eke;a;d úiska uKav,hg fiajh lrkq ,nk hus ld, iSudjla ta .súiqfus ne`§us bgq lsÍfus ldrAhh iòyd wdKavqjg lrkq ,nk fiajh f,i i,lkq ,eìh hq;= h'

ks,Orhka yd fiajlhka m;a lsrSu

26

uKav,h úsiska fyda th úsiska n,h fokq ,enQ ks,Orhl= úsiska fiajdfhdaclg úOdk ksl=;a l, yels nj

^7& uKav,fha b,a,Su msg m<d;a md,k fiajfha hus idudðlhl= fyda hus m<d;a md,k wdh;khl fjk;a hus ks,Orhl= fyda fiajlhl=" wjia:dfjdaÑ; mßÈ" ta idudðlhdf.a" ks,Orhdf.a fyda fiajlhdf.a iy m<d;a md,k fiajd WmfoaYl uKav,fha fyda m<d;a md,k wdh;kfha leue;a; we;sj" tjeksu leue;al we;sj" uKav,h úiska ksYaph lrkq ,eìh yels ld, iSudjla iòyd" uKav,fha ldrAh uKav,hg ;djld,slj m;a lrkq ,eìh yels h ¦ ke;fyd;a" wjia:dfjdaÑ; mßÈ" úY%du jegqma fyda wrA:idOl wruqo,a whs;sjdislus ms<snò kshuhka yd fldkafoais o we;=`:j uKav,h yd m<d;a md,k fiajd WmfoaYl uKav,h fyda ta m<d;a md,k wdh;kh úiska .sjsi .kq ,eìh yels úY%du jegqma fyda wrA:idOl wruqo,a whs;sjdislus ms<snò kshuhka yd fldkafoais msg uKav,fha ldrAh uKav,hg iaÓrj m;a lrkq ,eìh yels h' ^8& uKav,fha b,a,Su msg" rdcH ixia:djl hus ks,Orhl= fyda fiajlhl=" ta ks,Orhdf.a fyda fiajlhdf.a leue;a; we;sj" tjeksu leue;a; we;sj uKav,h úiska ksYaph lrkq ,eìh yels ld,iSudjla iòyd uKav,fha ldrAh uKav,hg ;djld,slj m;a lrkq ,eìh yels h ¦ ke;fyd;a úY%du jegqma fyda wrA:idOl wruqo,a whs;sjdislus ms<snò kshuhka yd fldkafoais o we;=`:j uKav,h iy tlS rdcH ixia:dj úiska .súi .kq ,eìh yels úY%du jegqma fyda wrA:idOl wruqo,a whs;sjdislï ms<snò kshuhka yd fldkafoais msg uKav,fha ldrAh uKav,hg iaÓrj m;a lrkq ,eìh yels h' ^9& ^7& jk Wmj.ka;sh fyda ^8& jk Wmj.ka;sh wkqj hï ;eke;a;l= uKav,fha ldrAh uKav,hg ;djld,slj m;a lrkq ,enQ wjia:djl" ta ldrAh uKav,fha fjk;a hus idudðlhl= hg;a jk úkh md,khg u ta ;eke;a;d hg;aúh hq;= h'

V jk fldgi

úúO lreKq 37' uKaav,h úiska fyda th úsiska n,h fokq ,enQ hï kss,Orhl= úiska fyda úsOdkhla lsrSfuka ta úsOdkfhys iòyka lrkq ,nk oskhlg fmr uKav,h fyda ta ks,Orhd fj;

27

meyeryers fiajdfhdaclhka úIhfhys wêNdrhla mekjSu

^w& ta úsOdkfhys iòyka lrkq ,nk ta fiajdfhdaclf.a ish,q fiajdkshqla;hka fyda hï fiajdkshqla;hl= iusnkaOfhka úia;r we;=<;a jdr jd¾;djla ¦

^wd& ta fiajdfhdacl úsiska imhkq ,enQ hï jdr

jd¾;djl we;=,;a hï úsia;r iusnkaOfhka ta jsOdkfhys iòyka lrkq ,nk hï f;dr;=rla fyda meyeos,s lsrSula ¦ iy

^we& ta fiajdfhdacl úsiska ;nd.; hq;= njg fï

mk;ska fyda fjk;a hï kS;shla hgf;a fyda kshu lrkq ,enQ hï f,aLkhl ke;fyd;a jd¾;djl i;H msgm;la fyda WOD;hla fyda ta f,aLkfha ke;fyd;a jd¾;dfõ hï fldgila

imhk f,i fiajdfhdaclhl=g jsOdk lrkq ,ensh yels h' 37 w odhl uqo,a j,g wod< jdr jdrA;djla imhk

f,i fï mk;ska fyda ta hgf;a idokq ,enQ hï ksfhda.hlska fyda uKav,h jsiska ksl=;a lrkq ,enQ hus jsOdkhlska kshu lrkq ,enQ" fiajd fhdaclhl=" tlS mkf;a" ksfhda.fha fyda jsOdkfha iòyka ld,iSudj we;=<; ta jdrA;dj iemhSu meyer yershfyd;a fyda idjoH fyda wiusmQrAK jdrA;djla iemhqjfyd;a iy tlS ld, iSudj we;=<;" wjia:dfjdaÑs; mrsos" ta jd¾;dj iemhSu meyer yerSug fyda idjoH fyda wiusmQ¾K jd¾;djla iemhSug fya;=j uKav,hg ta;a;= hk mrsos ke;fyd;a ;;a ld¾hh iòyd uKav,h jsiska n,h fokq ,enQ ks,Orhl=g ta;a;= hk mrsos oelaùug ta fiajdfhdaclhdg fkdyels jqjfyd;a" ta jdrA;dj iemhsh hq;= jkafka hï oskhl oS o ke;fyd;a hus oskhlg fmr o" tosk isg h:d mrsos iïmQ¾K iy ksrjoH jdrA;djla uKav,h fj; ,efnk oskh olajd ld,h fjkqfjka ta jd¾;djg iusnkaO odhl uqo,a m%udKh iusnkaOfhka iEu iïmQ¾K udihlg fyda bka fldgilg ishhg tl ne.ska jQ wêNdrhla wruqo,g f.ùug ta fiajdfhdaclhd hg;a jkafka h'

1988 wxl 47 ork mk;ska ixfYdaOkh ù we;' 1993 wxl 18 ork mk;ska ixfYdaOkh jS we;'

28

38' uKav,fha hï idudcslhl= úiska ke;fyd;a uKav,h úsiska my; oelafjk ld¾h iòyd ,shús,a,lska n,h fokq ,enQ hï ks,Orhl= úiska fï mkf;a ld¾h iòyd

^w& hus fiajdkshqla;hl=f.a bmehSusj,g wod< hus

f,aLkhla fyda jd¾;djla mrSlaId lsrSu iòyd osjd fydaa rd;%s ld,fha ish,q hqla;siy.; fjs,djkays oS hus ia:dkhlg fyda ;eklg we;=,ajS mrSlaId lsrSu ¦

^wd& tjeks hus f,aLkhl fyda jdrA;djl fyda bka

fldgil msgm;a .ekSu ¦ ^we& fiajdfhdaclhl= fyda fiajdkshqla;hl= njg

jsYajdi lsrSug ;udg idOdrK fya;= we;s hus ;eke;a;l= mrSlaId lsrSu ¦ iy

^wE& hus wrA: idOl wruqo,lg f.jkq ,nk odhl

uqo,aj,g wod< hus jdrA;d fyda fjk;a f,aLk mrSlaId lsrSu

l< yels h' 39' ^w& fus mkf;a jsOsjsOdk fyda ta hgf;a idok ,o

hus ksfhda. lsisjla lv lrk fyda ta wkqj l%shd lsrSu meyer yrsk ¦ fyda

^wd& fus mk; hgf;a lrk ,o ke;fyd;a fok ,o

hus jsOdkhla fyda kshuhla fyda wkqj l%shd lsrSu meyer yrsk ¦ fyda

^we& fus mkf;a 37 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a iemhSug

kshu lrkq ,enQ hus jdr jdrA;djla fyda f;dr;=rla wi;H nj oekoeku imhk fyda iemhSug i,iajk

iEu ;eke;a;l= u" jrola lrk w;r" ufyaia;%d;ajrhl= bosrsfha oS jrolre lrkq ,enQ jsg" remsh,a tla oyila fkd blaujk ovhlg fyda udi yhla fkdblaujk ld,hla fohdldrfhka tla wdldrhl jQ nkaOkd.dr.; lsrSulg fyda ta ovh iy nkaOkd.dr.; lsrSu hk o`vqjus folg u fyda Tyq hg;a jsh hq;= h'

iA:dk wdosh mrSlaId lsrSu uKav,fha idudcslhl= fyda n,h ,;a ks,Orhl= i;= n,;,' jeros iy oKavk

29

uKav,fha idudcslhka" ks,Orhka iy fiajlhka iòyd wdrlaIdj

40' fus mk; hgf;a jQ hus jrola mqoa., uKav,hla jsiska isoq lrkq ,nk wjia:djl ^w& ta mqoa., uKav,h ixia:d.; uKav,hla kus ta

ixia:d.; uKav,fha iEu wOHlaIjrfhla u iy ks,Orfhla u"

^wd ta mqoa., uKav,h jHdmdrsl wdh;khla kus ta

jHdmdrsl wdh;kfha iEu yjq,alrefjla u" ^we& ta mqoa., uKav,h jD;a;Sh ix.uhla kus ta

jD;a;Sh ix.ufha iEu ks,Orfhla u" ^wE& ta mqoa., uKav,h ixia:d.; lrkq fkd,enQ

mqoa., uKav,hla jk wjia:djl" ta ixia:d.; lrkq fkd,enQ uKav,fha iNdm;s" l<ukdlre"

f,alus iy fjk;a iEu ks,Orfhla u" ta jrog jrolre f,i i,lkq ,ensh hq;= h: tfia jqj o ta jro isoq lrk ,oafoa ;udf.a oekqu fkdue;sj nj fyda ta jro isoq lsrSu je<elajSu msKsi ;ud ksis Woafhda.fhka l%shd l< nj fyda hus ;eke;a;l= jsiska Tmamq lrkq ,enqjfyd;a Tyq ta jrog jrolre f,i i,lkqq fkd,ensh hq;= h' 40w' idudcslhdf.a" ks,Orhdf.a fyda fiajlhdf.a n,;, l%shd;aul lsrSfuys ,d hk mrsl,amkh u; fyda fus mk; hgf;a ;udf.a ldrAh bgq lsrSfuys ,d fyda ioaNdjfhka l%shd lsrSfus oS uKav,fha hus idudcslhl=" ks,Orhl= fyda fiajlhl= jsiska lrk ,o fyda fkdlr yrsk ,o lssisjla iusnkaOfhka ta idudcslhd" ks,Orhd fyda fiajlhd isjs,a neòSulg fyda idmrdOS neòSulg hg;a fkdjkafka h' 40wd' idudcslhdf.a" ks,Orhdf.a fyda fiajlhdf.a jsIudpdrh fyda fps;kdkajs; meyer yerSu fya;=fldgf.k isoqjS hehs uKav,h jsiska i,lkq ,nk w,dN iy jshous yer" uKav,fha iEu idudcslhl=" ks,Orhl= fyda fiajlhl= jsiska Tyqf.a ldrAh bgq lsrSfus oS fyda bgq lsrSu yd iusnkaOfhka fyda ork ,o ish,q w,dN iy jshoï iòyd" ta idudcslhdg" ks,Orhdg fyda fiajlhdg wruqo,ska ydksmQrKh l< hq;= h'

ixia:d.; lrk ,o fyda ixia:dms; lrkq fkd,enQ mqoa., uKav, jsiska isoq lrk ,o jeros iusnkaOfhka we;eus ;eke;a;kaf.a j.lSu 1988 wxl 47 ork mk;ska ixfYdaOkh jS we;'

30

uKav,fha ,sÅ; wkqu;h fkdue;sj jrola iòyd kvq mjrkq fkd,eìh hq;= nj' fus mk; hgf;a kvq mejrSula isús,a kvqjlg ndOdjla fkdjk nj' ksfhda.'

41' uKav,fha ,sÅ; wkqu;h u.ska fyda ,sÅ;

wkqu;h we;sj fyda yer" fï mk; hgf;a jrola iïnkaOfhka lsisu kvq mejrSula lrkq fkd,ensh hq;= h'

42' fï mk; hgf;a hï jrola iòyd hï

;eke;a;l=g úreoaOj fï mk; hgf;a mjrkq ,enQ lsisu kvqjla fï mk;ska Woa.; jk hï lreKla iïnkaOfhka ta ;eke;aa;dg úreoaOj mjrkq ,enQ hï isú,a kvqjlg ndOdjla fkdúh hq;= h'

43' ^1& wud;Hjrhd jsiska ^w& kshus; ldrKd jYfhka fus mkf;a iòyka fyda

fus mk;ska kshu lr we;s fyda ish,q ldrKd iusnkaOfhka ¦

^wd& ksfhda. iEoSug fus mk;ska kshu lr fyda n,h

oS fyda we;af;a hus ldrKd iusnkaOfhkao" ta ish,q ldrKd iusnkaOfhka ¦

^we& fus mk; hgf;a odhl uqo,a iy fjk;a f.jSus

tl;= lsrSug iusnkaO fyda Bg wdkqIdx.sl jk ish,q ldrKd iusnkaOfhka ¦

^wE& jeroSulska wruqo,g f.jk ,o hus uqo,a m%udK

wdmiq f.jSu iusnkaOfhka ¦ ^b& fus mk; hgf;a hus m%;s,dNshl=g ysuslus

mdkakl= jk orejl= ke;fyd;a ;;ald,fhys l%shd lsrSug fkdyels jsh yels ;eke;a;l= fjkqfjka" fus mk; hgf;a ysuslus mdk ;eke;a;l= jsiska l%%shd;aul lsrSug ysuslus ,ensh yels jQ hus whs;sjdislula l%shd;aul lsrSu iòyd ;eke;a;l= m;a lsrSug yels jkq msKsi iy ysuslus mdk ;eke;a;l= ysuslus ,nk ta m%;s,dNh Ndr .ekSug iy ta iusnkaOfhka iqoqiailaa lsrSug tfia m;a lrkq ,nk ;eke;al=g n,h oSu msKsi ¦

^B& wruqof,ys" hus idudcslhl=f.a fm!oa.,sl

.sKqfus ta idudcslhdf.a nerg we;s uqo," ta idudcslhdf.a urKh isoq jqjfyd;a f.jkq ,ensh yels ;eke;;al= fyda ;eke;a;ka ta idudcslhd jsiska kus lsrSu iy ta kus lsrSu m%;HdosIaG lsrSfus wdldrh iusnkaOfhka ¦

31

w¾: ksrEmkh

^W& fus mk; hgf;a jQ hus m%;s,dNhlg ysuslus meu

ms<snò ;SrKh wNshdpkdOslrKh jsiska iudf,dapkh lrkq ,nk f;la" ta m%;s,dNh m%odkh lsrSu w;aysgqjSu iòyd ¦

^W!& fus mk; hgf;a iudf,dapkhla fyda

wNshdpkhla ms<snò hus ;SrKhla n,meje;ajsh hq;af;a ke;fyd;a n,meje;ajsh hq;= f,i i,lkq ,ensh hq;af;a hus oskhl isg o ta oskh iusnkaOfhka ¦

^t& fus mk; hgf;a lrk ,o hus ;SrKhla hgf;a

fyda hus ksfhda.hl jsOsjsOdk m%ldr hus ;eke;l=g f.jk ,o tfy;a f.jkq fkd,ensh yels njg miqj ;SrKh lrkq ,enQ hus uqo,la ksis f,i f.jk ,o njg ie,lSu iòyd fyda ta uqo, ta ;eke;a;d jsiska wdmiq f.jSu iòyd fyda Tyqf.ka wh lr .ekSu iòyd ¦

^ta& fus mkf;a jsOsjsOdk l%shd;aul lsrSfuS oS

fiajfhys kshqla; lrkq ,enQ ks,Orhka g iy fiajlhkag oSukd f.jSu iy ta oSukd wd.Kkh lsrSfus l%uh iusnkaOfhka

kssfhda. idokq ,ensh yels h' ^2& ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a wud;Hjrhd jsiska

idokq ,nk iEu ksfhda.hla u .eigs m;%fha m< lrkq ,ensh hq;= w;r" tfia m< lrkq ,enQ jsg" fyda ksfhda.fha iòyka lrkq ,nk hus miq oskhl fyda th l%shd;aul jsh hq;= h'

^3& ^1& jk Wmj.ka;sh hgf;a wud;Hjrhd jsiska

idokq ,nk iEu ksfhda.hla u th m< lrkq ,enSfuka miq yels myiq blauKska" wkqu;h iòyd mdrA,sfuska;=j fj; bosrsm;a lrkq ,ensh hq;= h' tfia wkqu; lrkq fkd,enQ hus ksfhda.hla th hgf;a l,ska lrk ,o lsisjl=g ydkshla fkdue;sj tys wkkqu;fha osk isg mrspsPskak lrkq ,enQ f,i i,lkq ,ensh hq;= h'

44' mo iïnkaOfhka wkHd¾:hla wjYH jqjfyd;a

ñi" fus mkf;ys “h:d mrsos ixhqla; lrk ,o ffjoH uKav,h” hkafkka hus ;eke;a;ka jsiska bosrsm;a lrk ,o ffjoH iy;sl idOdrK ielhla u;= lrhs o" ta ;eke;a;ka mrSlaId lsrSfus ldrAh iòyd" uKav,fha iNdm;sjrhd jsiska lrk b,a,Sula wkqj fi!LH fiajd

32

wOHlaI ckrd,ajrhd jsiska kus lrk ,o ffjoH uKav,hla woyia fõ ¦ “bmehSï” hkafkka my; oelafjk foa woyia fõ: ^w& fõ;k" jegqma fyda .dia;= ; ^wd&Ôjk úhoï Èukdj" úfYaI Ôjk úhoï

§ukd iy fjk;a hï §ukd; ^we& ksjdvq Èk iïnkaOfhka lrkq ,nk f.ùï; ^wE& fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo,a mk; hgf;a

idokq ,enQ ksfhda.j,ska úêúOdk i,iajd we;s mßÈ"fiajd fhdaclhd úiska fiajfha kshqla; fldg we;s fiajd kshqla;hkag imhkq ,enq msisk ,o fyda fkdmsisk ,o hï wdydrhla ñ,g .ekSfï § f.jk ,o jákdlï iy tfia imhk ,o hï wdydrhla ms<sfh< lsÍfï § fyda ixfhda. lsÍfï§ Ndjs;d lrk ,o hï øjHhla ñ,g .ekSfï § f.jk ,o jákdlu" ;j o" ta jákdlu lïlre flduidßiajrhd fj; wNshdpkh lrkq ,eîug hg;aj"fiajdfhdaclhd úiska ;lafiare lrkq ,eìh hq;= w;r"tjeks wNshdpkhla iïnkaOfhka lïlre flduidßiajrhdf.a ;SrKh wjidkd;aul jkafkah'

^b& wdydr iòyd Èukd ; iy ^B& fiajl w¾: idOl wruqo,a mk; hgf;a

idokq ,enQ ksfhda.j,ska kshñ; fjk;a wdldrfha mdßY%ñl ;

“fiajd kshqla;hd” hkafkka" fiajd kshqla;sh

ms<snò .súiqu m%ldYs; fyda .uH udk ke;fyd;a jdÑl fyda ,sÅ;j jqjo ta .súiqu fiajh iïnkaOfhka fyda wdOqksl;ajh iïnkaOfhka fyda .súiqula jqjo ke;fyd;a Y%uh iïnkaOfhka jq hï jevla fm!oa.,slju l%shd;aul lsÍu msKsi jQ .súiqula jqjo ljr jQ fyda hï ;;ajhlska fiajd fhdaclhl= iu. .súiqulg we;=`M jQ fyda .súiqula hgf;a jevlrk hï ;eke;a;l= woyia jk w;r hï ;eke;af;l= hï úfYaI wjia:djl § fiajfhys kshqla; jqjo fiajfhys kshqla; fkdjQjo tjeks hï .súiqula hgf;a idudkHfhka fiajfhys kshqla; ta ;eke;a;d o Bg we;=,;a fõ;

1993 wxl 18

orkfiajd kshla;hkaf.aNdr wruqo,a 3 îxfYdaOk& mk;

1988 wxl 47 ork mk;ska ixfYdaOkh jS we;

33

“fiajdfhdacl” hkafkka" hï lïlrejl== fiajfha

kshqla; lrk hus ;eke;af;l= fyda hus ;eke;a;l= úiska fjk;a hï ;eke;a;l= fjkqfjka lïlrejl= fiajfhys kshqla; lrkq ,efí o ta fjk;a hï ;eke;a;d fyda woyia jk w;r" fiajdfhdacl uKav,hla ^ta uKav,h"jHdmdßl wdh;khla" iud.ula" ixia:dj"m<d;a md,k wdh;kh fyda jD;a;Sh ius;shla jqj o& ta uKav,h o fjk;a hï ;eke;a;l= fjkqfjka hï lïlrejl= fiajfha kshqla; lrk hï ;eke;A;l= Bg we;=,;a fõ';jo hï ,sÅ; kS;shla hgf;a wdKavqj fj; i;= lrkq ,enQ fj<`o wdh;khl ksis n,Orhl="kS;hdkql+, Wreulre"kS;sh wkqj wkqm%dma;slhd fmd,au#ldrhl= fyda woañksia;%dislrejl= iy iud.ul wEjrlreo we;=<;a fõ; ;jo ixia:d.; fkdl, uKav,hla iusnkaOfhka jk úg ta uKav,fhaiNdm;sjrhd fyda f,alusjrhd o"yjq,a jHdmdrhla iusnkaOfhka jk úg tys l<ukdldr yjq,alrejl= fyda l<ukdlrejl= o we;=,;a fjs ;

“m<d;a md,k wdh;kh”hkafkka hï uy k.r iNdjla" k.r iNdjla" fyda m%ddfoaYsh iNdjla woyia jk w;r ta hï iNdjla úiska l%shd;aul lrk" lrk yd bgqlrk hï n,;,j,g" ldarhj,g fyda l¾;jhj,g wkqrem fyda iudk n,;,"ld¾h iy l¾;jH l%shd;aul lsßu" lsÍu iy bgqlsÍu i`oyd hï kS;shla u.ska fyda hgf;a we;s lrk ,o yd msysgqjk ,o ljr fyd wêldßhla Bg we;=,;a fõ;

“ ixl%uKsl lïlrejd”hkafkka Y%S ,xldfõ mqrjeishl=

jkakd jq tfy;a Y%S ,xldfjka msg; fiajfhys kshqla;j we;s hï ;eke;af;la" tfia fiajfhys kshqla;j we;s ;dla l,a woyia fõ ;

“kshñ; ” hkafkka"ksfhda.hla u.ska kshu lsÍu woyia

fõ ; “fm!oa.,sl wxYfha jHjidh”hkafkk"a fm!oa.,sl

wxYfha fiajd fhdclhl= úiska mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk hï jHjidhla iy iajhx /lshdjl kshqla; ;eke;a;l= úiska mj;ajdf.k hkq ,nk hï jHhidhla woyia fõ;

1988 wxl 47 ork m;ska ixfYdaOkh jS we;'


1988 wxl 47 ork mk;ska ixfYdaOkh jS we; 1988 wxl 47 ork mk;ska ixfYdaOkh jS we;

34

wka;¾ld,Sk úêúsOdk'

wkkql=,;djhla we;sjqjfyd;a" túg isxy, NdId mdGh n,meje;aúh hq;=h'

“rdcH ixia:djZ hkafkka" iud.us wd{dmk; hgf;a yer fjk;a huslsis ,sLs; kS;shlska fyda ,sLs; kS;shla hgf;a msysgqjk ,oaod jQ o wdKavqj jsiska m%odkhla fyda Khla jYfhka ke;fyd;a fjk;a wdldrhlska uq`: wruqo, fyda uq`: m%d.aOkh ke;fyd;a wruqof,ka fldgila fyda m%d.aOkfhka fldgila fyda imhkq ,nkakdjQ o ixia:djl" uKav,hla fyda fjk;a wdh;khla woyia fjs ; “,shdmosxps ffjoH jD;a;slh” hkafkka" ffjoH wd{dmk; hgf;a ,shdmosxps jQ ffjoH jD;a;slhl= fyda 1961 wxl 31 ork wdhq¾fjso mk; hgf;a ,shdmosxps jQ wdhqrAfjso ffjoH jD;a;slhl= fyda woyia fjs ; “rdcH jHjidh” hkafkka hus rdcH ixia:djla fyda hus ,sLs; kS;shla hgf;a wdkavqj i;= lrkq ,enQ hus fjf<ò jHjidhla fyda ta ixia:dj fyda fjf<ò jHjidfha YdLdjla fyda fldgila fyda woyia fjs' m%Odk m%{dma;sfha l=ula iòykaj ;snqk o" ^w& 1978 wxl 16 ork úYaj úoHd, mk; u`.ska msysgqjk

,o úYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdfõ fyda ta mkf;a w¾:dkql+, Wiia wOdHdmk wdh;khl fyda;

ork mk;ska

^wd& 1971 wxl 19 ork cd;sl wdOqksl;aj mk; u`.ska

msysgqjk ,o cd;sl wOqksl;aj uKav,fha fiajdkshqla;hl=f.a fm!oa.,sl .skqfï nerg" fï mk; l%shd;aul ùu wdrïN jk Èkfha § we;s uqo," fï mk; l%shd;aul ùu wdrïN jk Èkfha isg udi yhla we;=<; ta fiajd kshqla;hdg uKav,h úiska f.jkq ,eìh hq;=h '

fï mkf;a isxy, iy fou< NdId mdG w;r hï

wkkql+,;djhla we;sjqjfyd;a" túg isxy, NdId mdGh n,meje;aúh hq;=h'

1988 wxl 47

ixfYdaOkh jS we;'

1993 wxl 18 ork m;ska ixfYdaOkh jS we;'

35

1978 wxl 16ork mkf;a 97w j.ka;sh bj;alsÍu' 1980 wxl 46 ork fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo,a mk; úYaj úodHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdfõ iy Wiia wOHdmk wdh;k j, fiajd kshqla;hkag wod, lsÍsu'

1993 wxl 19 ork mk;ska ixfYdaOkh jS we;' 1978 wxl 16 ork úyaj úoHd, mkf;a 97w j.ka;sh fuhska bj;a lrkq ,efí' 1980 foieïn¾ ui 9 jk Èk isg n,meje;afjk mßÈ m%Odk m%{ma;sfha úêúOdk úYaj úoHd, m%;smdk fldñIka iNdjg iy iEu Wiia wOHmk wdh;khlgu wod, jkafka hehs i,lkq ,eìh hq;= w;r"m%Odk m%{ma;sfha 16 jk j.ka;sh hgf;a wruqo,g odhl uqo,a f.ùfuys ,d úYaj úoHd, m%;smdokfldñIka iNdjg yd iEu Wiia wOHdmk wdh;khlgu we;s j.laSu 1981 ud¾;= ui 1 jk Èk wdrïN jQ f,i ilkq ,eìh hq;=h' ^2&fï mk; wdrïN úfï Èkhg fmrd;=j jQ hï ld,hla i`oyd" wjia:dfjdaÑ; mßÈ" úYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdfõ fyda Wiia wOHdmk wdh;khl fiajd kshqla;hl= jk fyda fiajd kshqla;hl=j isá ;eke;a;l= iïnkaOfhka "fï mk; wdrïN ùfï Èkfha isg udi yhla we;=<; my; oelafjk uqo,a m%udKh ta úYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj fyda Wiia wOHdmkh wdh;kh úiska wruqo,g f.jkq ,enqj fyd;a"ta ;ke;a;d iïnkaOfhka úYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj fyda ta Wiia wOHdmk wdh;kh fyda úiska odhl uqo,a f.úh hq;= nj kshu flfrk" m%Odk m%{ma;sfha 16 jk j.ka;sfha úêúOdk wkqj úYaj úoHd, fldñIka iNdj yd Wiia wOHdmk wdh;kh l%shdlr we;ehs" ish¨ ld¾h i`oyd i,lkq ,eìh hq;=h' tkï


36

^w& ta ;eke;a;d 1981 ud¾;= 1 jk Èk úYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdfõ fyda Wiia wOHdmk wdh;khl fyda fiajd kshqla;hl=j isá fï mk; wdrïN ùfï Èkfha § wjia:dfjdÑ; mßÈ" úYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdfõ fyda ta Wiia wOHdmkwdh;kfha fiajd kshqla;h;= jYfhka os.gu isák hï wjia;djl §" 1981 ud¾;= ui 1 jk Èkfhka wdrïNj fï mk; wdrïn ùfï Èkfhka wjika jk ld,h ;=,"wjia:dfjadÑ; mrÈ " úYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj fyda Wiia wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska ta ;eke;a;d fjkqfjka wvq fldg "tlS ld,fha tla tla udih iòyd ta ;eke;a;df.a uq`M bmehSï j,ska ishhg ;=klg iudk uqo,la ;

^wd& ta ;eke;a;d 1981 ud¾;= ui 1 jk Èkhg miq hï Èkhhl úYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdfõ fyda Wiia wOhdmk wdh;kh fyda fiajd kshqla;hl= ù" fï mk; wdrïN ùfï Èkfha § wjia:dfjdaÑ; mßÈ" úYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdfõ fyda Wiia wOHdmk wdh;kfha fiajd kshqla;hl= jYfhka È.gu isák hï wjia:djl "ta ;eke;a;d wjia:dfjdaÑ; mßÈ"úYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdfõ fyda Wiia wOhdmk wdh;kh fiajd kshqla;hl= jq Èkfhka wdrïN jk fï mk; wdruNùfï Èkfhka wjika jk ld,h ;=<"jsYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdfõ fyda ta Wiia wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska ta ;eke;a;d fjkqfjka wruqo,g f.jkq ,enqjd jQ hï odhl uqo,a m%udKhla wvqfldg" tlS ld,fha tla tla udih iòyd ta ;eke;a;df.a uq`M bmehSï j,ska ishhg ;=klg iudk uqo,la ;

^we& ta ;eke;a;d 1981 ud¾;= ui 1 j Èk úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj fyda Wiia wOHdmk wdh;khl fiajd kshqla;hl= isg fï mk; wdrïN ùfï Èkhg fmrd;=j jQ Èkhl" wjia:dfjdaÑ; mßÈ" úYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj fyda Wiia wOHdmk wdh;kfha fiajd kshqla;hl=j isàu wjika ù we;s hï wjia:djl 1981 ud¾;= ui 1jk wjika Èkfhka wdrïNj wjia:dfjdaÑ; mßÈ ta ;eke;a;d úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj fyda Wiia wOHdmk wdh;kfha fiajd kshqla;hlj isàu wjidk jQ Èkfha § wjika jk ta ld,h ;=, wjia:dfjdaÑ; mßÈ"úYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj fyda Wiia wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska ta ;eke;a;d fjkqfjka wruqo,g f.jkq ,enqjd jQ hï odhl uqo,a m%udKhla wvqfldg"tlS ld,fha tla tla udih iòyd ta ;eke;a;df.a uq`M bmhSï j,ska ishhg ;=klg iudk uqo,la ;

37

' ^wE&ta ;eke;a;d 1981 ud¾;= ui 1 jk Èkhg miq hï Èkhl úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdfõ fyda Wiia wOHdmk wdh;khl fiajd kshqla;hl= ù" fï mk;; wdrïN ùfï Èkhg fmrd;=j jQ Èkhl " wjia:dfjdaÑ; mßÈ "úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdfõ fyda tA Wiia wOHdmk wdh;kfha fiajd kshqla;hl=j isàu wjika ù we;ss hï wjia:djl" ta ;eke;a;d" wjia:dfjdaÑ; mßÈ úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdfõ fyda Wiia wOHdmk wdh;kfha fiajd kshqla;hl= jQ Èkfhka wdrïNj" wjia:dfjdaÑ; mßÈ" ta ;eke;a;d úYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdfõ fyda Wiia wOHdmk wdh;kfha fiajd kshqla;hl=j isàu wjidk jQ Èkfhka wjika jk ld,h ;=<" wjia:dfjdaÑ; mßÈ" úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj fyda Wiia wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska ta ;eke;a;d fjkqfjka wruqo,g f.jkq ,enqjd jQ hï odhl uqo,a m%udKhla wvqfldg " tlS ld,fha tla tla udih i`oyd ta ;eke;a;df.a uq`M bmhSï j,ska ishhg ;=klg iudk uqo,la ;

'

hï ;eke;a;l= fjkqfjka úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj fyda Wiia wOHdmk wdh;khla úiska ^1& jk Wm j.ka;sh hgf;a lrk f.ùu lsisjla " uKav,h úiska wruqof,a ta ;eke;a;df.a fm!ao.,sl .sKqug ner lrkq ,ensh hq;=h'

mo iïkaOfhka wkHd¾:hla wjYH jqjfyd;a ñi" fï mkf;ys “uKAv,h” hkafkys" m%odk m%{ma;sh u.ska mssysgqjkq ,o fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo,a uKav,h woyia fõ; “wruqo,” hkafkk"a m%Odk m%{ma;sh u.ska msysgq jk ,o fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo, woyia fõ; “Wiia wOHdmk wdh;kh” hkafkka" 1978 wxl 16 ork úYajúoHd, mkf;a Bg § we;s w¾:h u we;' “m%Odk m%{ma;sh” hkafkka" 1980 wxl 4 ork fiajd kshqla;hkaf.a Ndr wruqo,a mk; woyia fõ; “úYaj úoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj” hkafkka" 1978 wxl 16 ork úYajúoHd, mk; u.ska msysgqjk ,o úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNdj woyia fõ'

ys% ,xld m%cd;dka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrcfha mdra,sfñka;=j act .pdf · 2014-10-28 · 2 1980 wxl 46 ork...

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