Your(Urban) Or Not Mine (Rural) Poverty But Our

Poverty Of India

S.Suresh Ramanan TECH54141Forest College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Mettupalayam

Definition

Poverty is multidimensional: it includes inadequate food, shelter, health, education; vulnerability to disease, dislocation, disaster; and often mistreatment by state and society

Poverty has various dimensionsIncome povertySecurity povertyEducation povertyHealth PovertyMultiple deprivation

Core Poor

Education poor

Health Poor

Security Poor

Income Poor

Poverty Line- based on Nutritional Requirement

Urban Poverty- 2100 cal/person/ day Rural Poverty- 2400 cal/ person/ day

Planning Commission

Comparison of Urban and Rural Poverty

• 25% of Urban Population are below poverty Line

• This is prevalent during all the time

• Major reason for other social Problem

Here poverty is not due to external reasons but to the failure of the Agriculture

It is raise it head only during particular season

This only contribute for the Urban Poverty by Migration of Rural population to cities with poor facility.

Rural PovertyUrban Poverty

Glimpse

People in poorest class category of India? – Tribal people, Dalits and labour class including farm workers in villages and casual workers in cities

Where do the majority of poor live in India? – 60% of the poor still reside in the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

A 2013 UN report stated that a third of

the worlds poorest people

live in India

Causes for Poverty

• Increasing middle class population• Low Productivity in Agriculture• National Capital Depletion• Poor Schemes to stop migration of Rural population to urban• Alcoholism• Poor Sanitation conditions• Land lockedness of particular area• Money lenders – Termite of the rural economy• Need for women Empowerment• Corruption

Unequal Distribution of Income

Rich are getting richer and poor are still poor

Status of Poverty in INDIAPopulation, total (2010) 1,170,938,000.0

Population growth (annual %) (2010) 1.3

Population density (people per sq. km) (2010) 393.8

Rural population (2010) 818,485,662.0

Rural population (% of total population) (2010) 69.9

Number of rural poor (million, approximate) (2010) 231,631,442.3

Poverty headcount ratio at rural poverty line (% of rural population) (2005)

28.3

Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population) (2005)

27.5

Income share held by lowest 20% (2005) 8.1

Stop Migration

• Out of about 98 million, total intra-state and inter-state migrants in the country during last decade, 61 million have moved to rural areas and 36 million to urban areas.

• Migration stream out of rural areas(73 million) to another rural areas was quite high (53million) in comparison to from rural to urban areas (20 million).

• The difference between in – migration and out – migration, in each state, Maharashtra -2.3 million net migrants,

• Delhi (1.7 million), Gujarat (0.68 million) and Haryana (0.67 million) as per census’.

A large part of migration and urbanization in the less developed countries have historically been linked to stagnation and volatility of agriculture and

lack of sectoral diversification within agrarian economy, India being no exception to this

is Important to not only mitigate poverty But Also

MIGRATIONEducation

• There are three main categories of urban poverty: the• unemployed and laid-off workers; migrants; and, the chronic poor

including the three• ‘No’s’ (no ability to work, no savings and no relatives to depend on)

(DFID, 2004).

Comparison TableTotal Migrants -1991 Total Migrants -2001

Persons Males Females Persons Males Females

Total Million 232.11 64.31 167.8 314.54 93.36 221.18

Rural Million 162.47 32.81 129.66 210.38 43.85 166.53

Urban Million 69.65 31.5 38.14 104.16 49.52 54.65

At 833.1 million, India's rural population today is 90.6

million higher than it was a decade ago. But the urban population is 91 million

higher than it was in 2001. Agriculture is not a single man’s effect but a group So when there is increased migration of Labour this will lead to reduction in Agriculture and its allied activities.

Mainly deals about the Food Security of India, there by reducing the Food Poverty of India. Food Security act does the same thing but this will be effective only when the

“Farmers grow crops, For which Farm Labour should be sccv there to Help”

Above said Solution :

Motivate Agriculture•   Agricultural growth

reduces poverty directly, by raising farm incomes, and indirectly, through generating employment and reducing food prices.

Agricultural growth is especially effective in reducing poverty. Cross-country

econometric estimates show that overall GDP growth originating in agriculture is,

on average, at least twice as effective in benefiting the poorest half of a

country’s population as growth generated in non-agricultural sectors

Ligon, Ethan, and Elisabeth Sadoulet. 2007.

Source: State Agricultural Report

• In Today’s Climate change Era – Agricultural is the gamble of monsoon. - It was the statement decade ago

• Now, Commercial Tree cultivation is done along with agricultural crop to make agriculture as profitable business.

• TOF – Benefit both Productive and Protective role

This is widely practiced in southern India

TOF-Trees

Outside Forest

Mainly deals about the Food Security of India, there by reducing the Food Poverty of India. Food Security act does the same thing but this will be effective only when the

“Farmers grow crops, For which Farmers should be there”

Above said Solution :

Involvement of Youth

• Above said are only answers for the problem But real solution lies in the hand of youth

• The are about 53 Agricultural University in the Country- The where are the agriculturist from these university.

• The Youth of the rural areas must not get distracted by the false notion of the Urban Live

Apart from this Citizens of INDIA should effectively utilize

the Following governmental program and help the country to

get out of Poverty

Urban Areas• PMRY- Prime Minister

Rojgar Yojana• SJSRY- Swarnajaya Shahri

Rozgar Yojana• NSAP- National Social

Assistance Programme• IAY- Indira Awaas Yojana• SSY- Shiksha Sahayog

Yojana

Rural Area• GSY- Gram Swarozgar

Yojana• EAS- Employment

Assurance Schemes• MNREGS• FWP- Food for Work

Programme• KSSY- Krishi Shramik

Suraksha yojana• JGSY- Jawahar Gram

Samriddhi Yojana

Steps to Solve from GOVT side

Steps to Solve from GOVT side• These include various employment guarantee programmes such as

National Rural Employment Programme, Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme etc. Recently, Government has initiated National Rural Employment Guarantee Program (NREGP). As per NREGP, the government will provide 100 days of employment per year to whosoever is willing to work. NREGP is considered as a landmark program in poverty alleviation measures.

Even Government Schemes also aims

at providing minimum

employment to lift Food Poverty.

References:• Urban Poverty Alleviation, (2002) “Preparation for Istanbul+5 for

Asia and the Pacific”, 19 – 23 October, Paper, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China,

• CARE, MSDF and ICICI bank, “A promise to Pay the Bearer – an exploration of the potential for Urban Micro finance in India”, Microfinance India Publicaiton.

• http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org/country/home/tags/india• http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/migrations.aspx• http://urbanruralfabric.blogspot.in/• http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/map.aspx