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Dick Vriend Capgemini
GSM-R performances in High Speed Railway Environments
Requirements at GSM-Rail bearer for ETCS usage
Version t
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 2
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Dick Vriend Capgemini
GSM-Rail performance requirements for ETCS:
1. whether this requirement needs to be this fierce for ETCS
2. are the QoS requirements beyond the limitations of GSM-R network technology
3. do the current specifications reflect the quality in the GSM-R data transmission sufficiently.
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 3
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Dick Vriend Capgemini
• Dick Vriend• Test Manager GSM-Rail, the Netherlands• Period 2001 - Present• Low speed tracks (National railways)
– 3,000 km – 130 kmph max– Voice communication
• Freight Line (Betuweroute)– ETCS Level 2– 160 km– 130 kmph max
• High Speed Line– ETCS Level 2– 100 km– 330 kmph max
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 4
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Dick Vriend Capgemini
National railways, 3,000 km
Amsterdam
Brussel
Rotterdam
BelgiumSites
Germany
HSL-zuid
Betuweroute
HSL: 125 km
Betuweroute: 160 km
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 5
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Dick Vriend Capgemini
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 6
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GSM-Rail characteristics:• Downlink: 921 – 925 MHz• Uplink: 876 – 880 MHz• 200 kHz channel spacing• 19 GSM-R ARFCN channels from #955 to #973• Next to E-GSM (974)• 45 MHz channel separation• FDMA / TDMA • Coverage sectorised only (azimuth 60 or 30 degrees)• convolutional encoding and block interleaving • No frequency hopping• Location Dependent addressing / Functional Addressing• BTS output power: 50 watt / 47 dBm• Radio module: 8 watt / 39 dBm• circuit switched•
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 7
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Abbr. QoS parameter Requirement
System Quality parameters
Coverage Coverage requirement for Train Radio -92 / -95 dBm
Handover failure rate
C/I Carrier to Interference Ratio > 12 dB
RxQual Receive Quality of the 26-TDM frames 0 - 7
End-to-end service quality parameters
CED Connection Establishment Delay of MO-calls
< 6 seconds
CEER Connection Establishment Error Ratio < 10-2 (95%)
TD Data Transfer time of c/s connections < 500 ms (95%)
CLR Connection Loss Rate <10-2/hr
Handover Break time < 500 ms
VQ / MOS Voice Quality / Mean Opinion Score MOS ≥4
BER Bit Error Rate <10-4
FER Frame (Datagram) Error Rate
TIR Transmission Interference Rate TIR violations <10-2/hr
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 8
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Dick Vriend Capgemini
NSS ISDNMobile
TERBC / Inter-
lockingBSSUm
ETCS Communication
Onboard Unit
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 9
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Dick Vriend Capgemini
NSS ISDNMobile
TERBC / Inter-
lockingBSSUm
End-to-End measurement setup between IGSM and Ifix
Um
IfixIGSM
Onboard Unit
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 10
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Dick Vriend Capgemini
RBC
Inter- locking
End-to-End measurement setup between IGSM and Ifix
How to determine the
End-to-End Transmission Quality ?
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 11
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Dick Vriend Capgemini
NSS ISDNMobile
TERBC / Inter-
lockingBSSUm
ETCS Communication
IfixIGSM
Onboard Unit
22:09:54.930> 123: mP Jules
22:09:54.930> 124: mP Jules
22:09:54.930> 125: mP Jules
22:09:54.930> 126: mP Jules
22:09:54.930> 127: mP Jules
22:09:54.930> 127: mP Jules
9,600 bps, V.110 protocol
transparent bearer
uplink
downlink22:09:54.930> 123: mP Jules
22:09:54.930> 124: mP Jules
22:09:54.930> 125: mP Jules
22:09:54.930> 126: mP Jules
22:09:54.930> 127: mP Jules
22:09:54.930> 127: mP Jules
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 12
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Bit stream
Bit in Error
Error free
Number of received bits in error
Total number of received bits BER =
Datagram 30 octects
2,000 bits in error
40,000,000 total bits= 0.5 x 10-4
FER = Number of received frames in error
Total number of received frames
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 13
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Datagram in error
Datagram error free
error free periods (EFP)
Periods in error
> 7 sec
< 1 sec
Transmission Interference Rate / TIRTIR Violation if EP>1 sec or EFP<7 sec
Requirement:
< 1 violation per 100 hrs
= datagram of 30 octets
Requirement:
< 1 violation per 400 hrs
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 14
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handover
Handover zone
= datagram of 30 octets
Datagram in error
Datagram error free
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 15
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Time < 7 seconds
1 bit error -> datagram -> ca 31 millisecond
handover
Handover zone
= TIR violation
= datagram of 30 octets
Datagram in error
Datagram error free
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 16
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handover
Handover zone
= datagram of 30 octets
Datagram in error
Datagram error free
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 17
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Datagram in error
Datagram error free
handover
Handover zone
= datagram of 30 octets 1 error-free received datagram
TIR violation ?
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 18
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Datagram in error
Datagram error free
handover
Handover zone
= datagram of 30 octets 1 error-free received datagram
TIR violation ?
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 19
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• 22:09:54.930> 123: mP Jules• 22:09:54.980> 124: mP Jules• 22:09:55.030> 125: mP Jules• 22:09:55.090> 126: mP Jules• 22:09:55.140> 127: mP Jules • 22:09:55.180> 128: mP Jules• 22:09:55.240> 129: mP Jules• 22:09:55.300> 130: mP Jules• 22:09:55.360> 131: mP Jules
Received datagrams of 30 octets
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 20
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Dick Vriend Capgemini
• 22:09:54.930> 123: mP Jules• 22:09:55.vb n 124: mP Jules • 22:09:54.980> 125: mP Jules• 22:09:55.030> 126: mP Jules• 22:09:55.140> 127: mP Jules • 22:09:55.180> 128: mP Jules• 22:09:55.300> 130: mP Jules• 22:09:55.390> 130: mP Jules
Htregfvhrevfjjgfdfdjbv tr YYles• 22:09:55.360> 132: mP Jules
Received datagrams of 30 octets
= TIR violation
EFP < 7 sec
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 21
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Dick Vriend Capgemini
• 22:09:54.930> 123: mP Jules• 22:09:54.980> 124: mP Jules• 22:09:55.030> 125: mP Jules• 22:09:55.090> 126: mP JulesËŒ• 22:09:55.140> 127: mP Jules • 22:09:55.180> 128: mP Jules• 22:09:55.240> 129: mP Jules• 22:09:55.300> 130: mP Jules• 22:09:55.360> 131: mP Jules
Received datagrams of 30 octets
TIR violation ??
YES, If checked on send versus received
No, If checked on CRC16
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 22
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Previous version Subset-093:
1 / 7 seconds rule (Error Period / Error-free period
99% of all periods in error < 1.0 seconds
95% of all periods in error < 0.8 seconds
Latest version Subset-093:Considering all periods:
99% of all error-free periods > 7 seconds
95% of all error-free periods > 20 seconds
99% of all periods in error < 1.0 seconds
95% of all periods in error < 0.8 seconds
99% of all error-free periods > 7 seconds
95% of all error-free periods > 20 seconds
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 23
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Handover zones
300 kmph 5 km per 60 sec
5 – 6 km or 60 sec
7 sec 30 sec 20 sec 20 sec 7 sec
A random bit error causes a TIR violation:
• on 20 sec: 67%
• on 7 sec: 25%
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 24
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Dick Vriend Capgemini
GSM-Rail performance Requirements for ETCS:
1. whether this requirement needs to be this fierce for ETCS
2. are the QoS requirements beyond the limitations of GSM-R network technology
3. do the current specifications reflect the quality in the GSM-R data transmission sufficiently.
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 25
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Dick Vriend Capgemini
GSM-Rail performance Requirements for ETCS:
1. whether this requirement needs to be this fierce for ETCS ETCS as safety system requires reliable / high quality data link GSM-R widely used in Europe Current high specifications not been demonstrated yet No indications from ETCS industry or Railway operators that
GSM-R is not sufficient
2. are the QoS requirements beyond the limitations of GSM-R network technology
3. do the current specifications reflect the quality in the GSM-R data transmission sufficiently.
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 26
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Dick Vriend Capgemini
GSM-Rail performance Requirements for ETCS:
1. whether this requirement needs to be this fierce for ETCS
2. are the QoS requirements beyond the limitations of GSM-R network technology
GSM-R radio modules GSM air interface Difference test trajectories versus operational networks
3. do the current specifications reflect the quality in the GSM-R data transmission sufficiently.
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 27
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Dick Vriend Capgemini
GSM-Rail performance Requirements for ETCS:
1. whether this requirement needs to be this fierce for ETCS
2. are the QoS requirements beyond the limitations of GSM-R network technology
3. do the current specifications reflect the quality in the GSM-R data transmission sufficiently.
TIR specification still evolving Not yet finalized
August 31st 2007GSM-Rail Performance in High Speed Railway Environments 28
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Dick Vriend Capgemini
ERTMS = ETCS && GSM-R
JOINT APPROACH
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Dick Vriend Capgemini
GSM-R performances in High Speed Railway Environments
Thanks for your attention
Dick [email protected]
+31 6 4792 4153