your chess questions answered (gnv64)

8/22/2019 Your Chess Questions Answered (Gnv64)

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NM gnv64


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Contents

Introduction 5

1 Geng S aTed 7

2 Avanced Rules 16

3 Mating 26

4 Jagon 32

5 Chren 43

6 ouamens an maches 49

7 Chess Cock 60

8 mprovement 64

9 Grang 76

0 Openings 79

Computer 98

2 Puzzles 109

3 Genea nfomaton 6

Soutions 25


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Introduction

J'n y yeas ago, I remember " ing chess at a bou t he age of 10l pending hous movng pecesInd the boad wthou eayk wing wha I was dong.

Nw I a eachng a eves fomH;nners up to seconda scoops and s eave eas tot what each peson needs to do10 pove the game

Once a pae as eat te0ves he e to mpovement squick, fendy games whie tyng0 impement basic pncpes nes gaduay t obtancgn on o e possbites on bod

Pactce and epeon e mostngs beng ndamena tee o pogess s nomaehing e ts:

step : eang the uesstep 2 ong uncean games

hie cae cecng what eacice can do

ep 3 withn wees o monthste penny usua dops and hegames speed p as he pae soe abe to spot checaes andsee capues n a shoe space o

tme Te qua o games w stbe ow at tis sage as much soveooed

tep 4 games engthen as te besmoves ae seached o and somestateg and openngs come ntopa Fna a pae s ead oseous cess

hs boo s desgned o ep oufom step 1 ight trough as abegnne to beyond mino"touamen eve

I ave aso pu ogete man y ote quesons I ave been ased ovete eas o gude paye o paenae toug e deent aspectso cess I ope w ep to mae

te chess scee ejoabe andpeaps whet he appete of manto sta on te oad o easng hechess poten ta.


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1 Getting Started

Is t dfcut to learn how topy cess?

Chess is recognsed as one of est complex, ye popar gamesiVr n vened. w no preend au can maser e game n a fewu b ceany sod bessbe o begn caengnges and frends aer a few

ys o gong over s openngper.

Why lay chess?

Good qeson I nk a ony arn amon of peope w bewn even o ea e res b

(ere can be a sOrs of socaccsons wen s se o bebe pay For exampe sngn ospa payng n a cess eamat work or scoo and eacng yorcdren f ey ask!

What is the object o f the game

of chess?

Everybody w ave seen peopepayng a game o cess een f was js on an ader Or m I sfor wo peope one as e wesde and e oer back Bo sdesbegn w 16 men and ey are se

p on a board oppose eac oerTe payers ake n s omove and e game s decse wenone of e payers' kngs s gong o

be capred and canno escape.We a oer peces can be

cpred i s rdon for e kingso eman on e oard.

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

How ae the ieces set u?

a b c d e f g

n many ses yo wl nd ae les and ranks are eeed "a o and nmbeed o 8"respecey on e edge of eboard

s a good dea o ge no eab of seng p e we rooks

on a and and e black pecesOn e eg rank as s w bemporan for recordng games aer

have seen many chess sets inthe sos-can ean on any?

Yes b praccay s wse o

sck w one se a s sed n99% of oamens wc s esandard pasc Sanon se aany cess spper wod se


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2 Advanced Rules

What are e special ules ofcasing?

You can castle ei ther side of theboard using one rook and your king.ou must clear a path beeen thetwo and must not have moved eitherf oe You may not castle ou ofcheck and you must not caste

through a squae that is attacked, orn other words "hrough check Theing aways moves two squarestowards the rook and he rooCOmes over he top of the king andto the side. For example:

In his case White is able to castlekingside and Back may castleq ueenside if nei her he roo Or nghas moved befoe I doubt thisposition has ever come cose ohapening n a rea game but seves

to illustrate the method of castngas the whie king woud nish up ongl and the white rook on while

the black king and ook would endup On c8 and d8 espectivey

A COmmOn mistae made bybeginners is to move the king threesquaes (instead of 2) when castlingueenside

Assuming Whte's ing and rookshave not moved beore s itpossble or hm to caste n the

followng two positons? Q6 andQ7) Answers on 124


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3 MatingWhih mnmum amout of

pees is i possible o hekmatewih?

The bac answer i two, bu t iwoh dicusng whch pieces and

whch combnaon o pieces aeable to do the busnes.

Novices oen enquie wheth it posbe o checkmate wh twoknight an kng veus kng o twobhops o a bshop and kngh duo i cetany woth knowng theeof by heat as t can inuence youdeciion of which pieces to

exchange as you ente the naage 0f he gameQueen and king agant kng and

ook and kng agant kng aetvial in compaon

How do [ hekmate wth igad quee agaist a loe kig?

Fist e u ook at one o the a

checkmate poton we mu amo

he echnque eativey smpebu shoud be maeed bfoemoving on a it a common angfo beginne to aow aematewh ueen and king v king akehe oowng poon wth Whte to

move

The st job is o the queen totap he back kng and om a"cage om which he canotescape hs done by 1 'c4.

Now he king IS In a esticedaea oming 5 squae ince it


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4 Jargon

Can I ask about all the jargonbecause it can be o putting?

As with most felds, there are a loto chess terms that will meannothing to the general public butare oten spouted in chess circles. Iemember being consed by theword "birdie in gol and thinking itmeant that a ball hit a poor lowflying bird so t is important not toassume that everyone knows exactlywhat you are talking about

I gess we wil never achieve totalnioity howeve because Iknow at least wo pupis who havetheir own little jagon which theycannot be shakn rom and or all Iknow their whole school talks in thesame way. For exampe one youngboy always says "castle-up or theact o castling and another will notbudge rom reeing to "taking or"capturing as "cutting the piece

What is a TN?

This stands or "TheoeticaNovelty More recently a single"N is more commonly used.

A move tha t has never beenpublished beore can be claimed tobe a "T. The more successl andnotable it is the more mpoant thenovelty.

A novelty can come as early asmove 3 in obscure openings or as

late as around move 30 in wellnown ines

However the move itse cahave been played by a club playeor yeas This club player can beupset that he gets no credit or theidea but that's lie!

I accidentally ht on a noveltmany years ago ust beore a amosgrandmaster used it in a toptouament However my gamerightly went unnoticed as the ollowp was totaly unconvincing and ittook pace against a weak opponent

The elevance o a T is that it islikely to change the course o anopening in avour o one side

The world's top players have tokeep up with all the latest TNs intheir openings so they are notcaught out

What i a "plus or "minusscore?

I didn't come across this phraseuntil I embarked on inteationaltouaments but you may well readit in a chess article or magazine

I a player has 50%, their score s"evens while anything above orbelow will be a plus or minus scorerespectively

That is straightorward enoughbut it is not so obvious to work outwhat is "plus one "plus wo or"minus three or example.


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5 Children

Suld want my cild t anrhess?

Evidence suggests tha i ISecial for eve chid o be

Ight he ules of chess as icourages concentraton and scpne skis. Fo exampe, i ispotant fo a chd to ea how oI e it tus o move and how ope wh advesites such as beingcmated o osng thei qeeng a game acualy teach ae yea wos (aged 6-7) n a schoo

d t s nterestng o watch hei I rent apoach esven at that eay age, some

den are more han happy osign the game in favou of acel conented and unambiiouse whe others gh on o heth o even try a spot of cheang10 secure he ont s cea ha

out one hd w neve wan oay a game of chess again bu moeIn half ick t p uicky andLnj oy the endless comexes

Another school n he aea doesot believe n competion fo hechidren and ahough chess isugh matches ae no payed and aschool champon is not sogh Ad-

tedy have not head he evan aguments fo the othe sideu canno undestand he cocepof poecng chden n his way aswe ve in such a compeve wod

have fond nealy evey chd toeish he pospec of eneng achess ouament and while wod no deam of focngsomeone to play agans thei wll

wod neve depve he chlden ofa hace to exce a something theyeJoy

\Ve mst not foge ha eveychid is diffeent and a tase of chessmigh e s the ght medcine foendess hos of constcve n.

Wat ag uld y cld tat

playing c

This s a dicult ueston oanswe because t s df ferent foevey chld or exame you wilhea sories abou t Fischer (eccenrcfome World Chamon andKaspaov (he cuent \Vod no. 1)picking up he moves and playing

fom he early age of 4, ut knowa eas one gand master who leahe ues at the e od age of 15

Of course he sooner he bette sa ogical rue o apy but not alchiden wi take o i until theirowes of concentaton deveload pemate pesse cod havea advese effect was intged o

hea fom the enowned nocoach Rchard ames tha sarting at11 ca bea equal fuits o someonewho leas mch ealie Heexpaied that s easie fo most


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6 Tournaments and matches

What is the shortest game ofchess?

Two moves is the quckest way togve hekmate, although one's

oe must be prey ogg. has ee named "Fools Mated t omes aout whe Whelays a coue of crazy moves ohe kgse ad alows Black o

eve mate on hs seod move

1 g4 e5 f 'h4 mate

Whih quik methods ohekmate do I need to be awareo

he above mos ukely tohae bu there s a uusual mate hree tha ocasonally hapes nchool chess

1 e4 e5 2 'h

A ths ot someoe mghouch he kg by mstake ( stetoa he suaon s extreme-y sad!) ad b obge to move thee s oy one square:

2.e7 and there oow 3 xe5mate

Far moe commo s the our

Move Checkmae or ScholasMate Whe suervsng junorshoo matches I have oe wtessed oe o o games varaby


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7 Chess Clock

\Vhat s a chess clock?

In case you have not come acrossone, chess clocks ae designed tomake sue he game is ove an

aoed tme. Ths may be a 1 hourgame in whch he playes have-hou each On he ock O up to Bhous in an neatonacompetition

The longe gaes wll normaybe dvded up into sepaate tmelms such as 40 moves in he rst 2hours (each) hen 20 moves for thenext hour and then pehaps Vhoro complee he eainng mOvesHoweve the vast majoty ofmatches are nished by 60 movesIf any of he tie conros are noteached the playe w ose On tmeathough thee ae specal cases nhe nal ime contol where a wncannot b awarded to he defenderwho has nO matng maeral left

The cocks consis of two facesand a buton tha you mus ressae each move in orde t stoyou OWn clock and sat youopponen's Naualy enoughdgital clocks ae relacng theradtiona ones whch has thebonus of eliinating h possbtyof fauy ags fallng eay and anydsutes of which ag fel rst

Remeber that he cocks are notpaticulay obus and need caefu

handng I emembr vsng aschoo club and was imessed onotce that they possessed fou chesscocks Howeve, they wee oayfeess as hey had been stoed at

the botom of a lage box thahose all the chess sets So be especay aet when you ae payngbtz a ahe wid me imit of between 1 and 5 mnues each on hecock and avoid both butons bengpessed smuaneousy by foce

Aso ge used o makng youmove and pessing he cock butonwth the same hand as is ega todo othese

How ca I make best use of the

cock

t s mpotan o use you aotedtme effecvey. At s the cockw be a mao woy and gnnestend to pay oo fas to avod anydanger of osng On me It s alsocommon for bginnes o foge opess the clock at all as hey becoewrappd up in the game so f youopponen s spendng an excessveamount of tme thnkng check hatyo ressed you clock and he s notst watching you time ckingaway!

Remembrng to press he clockw gadualy become secondnatue You wl be less aware of the


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8 Improvement

What is the best way to improveeary on?

You must play and pay and pay.It is ike eaing the piano or,driving At rst it is nigh to

impossible as you must concentrateon evey ittle aspect but graduayit becomes easier and easier unti itbecomes natural (perhaps aHer oneyear) and then the time is ripe toea more advanced tunesmanoeuvres and ideas

Bi artston used to reate thatthe Pogar sisters had eat chess asther "mother tongue and it wassecond nature to them That reay isthe key at the beginning becauseunti someone can spot the squaresthat the pieces are attacking with adegree of speed and condencethere is certainly no point tying tounderstand deeper concepts.

What makes a successfu

payer?

Of a the crteria I think theabiity to anayse or to see farahead is the most important. If youcannot cacuate what w happen ina compex varation you wi not beabe to assess whether it is correct tenter the compications.

There are of course dierent typesof payers and Karpov (theex-Word Champion) and Kasparov(the present Word Champion)iustrate the point perfecty

Karpov prefers technica positionswith few tactics athough that is noto say that he cannot caculate accurately. e has a fantastic fee forwhere the pieces beong and is quite

happy to grind down a position inthe endgame where he i abe tconvert the smaest of advantages.A wea pawn of his opponent's or asuperior paced king is a that Karpov needs to smel victory Let megive you an exampe

Anatoy Karpov WhiteR, Debarnot Black

French Defence

1 e4 e6 2 d4 dS 3 d2Karpov who was Word Cham

pion at the time of this encounter in177 chooses the most soid optionagainst the French Defence Notethat 3 Qc3 is not at a the same as itaows 3 b4 and the exciting

Winawer variation.3 .. cSNow we have entered the Tar

rasch variation as Back is happy tobe sadded with an isolated dpawnin retu for some activity. owever this is paying into Karpov'shands as h e wil aready be panningfor his opponent's pawn weaknesses

to prove fata n the endng4 exdS exdS 5 Ig Ic6 6 bSd6 7 dxcS xc 8 0-0 (e7 9b3 d6 10 Je 0-0 igS g412 e2 'l7 13 h3 d7 14fd4


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9 Grading

What is a British grading?

It is a gure that illustrates yourchess strength and the higher thenumber the better you are.

Typically E nglish, unlike the rest ofthe world we have adopted a threegure rather than a four guregrading system The generastandards are as follows:

beginner: 40-80ow cub payer: 80-120average club player: 120-50

strong club player: 50-901st team county payer: 170+Inteational player 220Top 100 in the world: 250

What is an El rating?

There is an Inteational body ofcess caled FIDE (Federation

Inteational des Echecs) that takescare of the Elo (named aerProfessor Aad Elo who inventedthe system) rating ist that coversthe whoe world. This however onybegins at eo 2000 which is theequivalent of 75 in E nglish termsor rst team county payer evel.

To put it in perspective, there are

about 30,000 players on the Britishgrading list with less than 2% ofthese having achieved an Elo ratingTherefore countries all adopt theirown inteal list too, almost always

following the Elo stye, in order tocater for the masses of lower ratedplayers that do not have aninteational rating

It can be very consing that the

Eo list IS also called the"inteationa rating list or the"FIDE rating list as these are allone and the same

Don't be fooled by the ct thatwe cal our ist the BCF (BritishChess Federation) ratings becausethe Scots, Welsh and Ish in factuse the Elo system to calculate their

own ratngs. They are not part of theBritish Chess Federation and theirlist is independent of theinteational ist

It is noticeable on the USCF(United States Chess Federation)rating ist that most players areabout 00 points higher than theirFIDE rating but this does not matter

as yo can only compare ratings inthe same list Again, it is aninteresting statistic that there areabout 80,000 USCF players on theirinteal Elo-based rating ist withonly about 1% of these also on theEo or in teationa list.

How do I obtain a BeF

grading?

You must play 12 games aganstother ocially graded players during the period of one year in order


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10 Openings

What openings should [ startwh?

This is not so easy to answer sincehee ae a few toa drent

schools of thought The famousRichmond junor chess cub whchs we-known for s ab o chuout masses o song unios s sictabou the chien scking o thecassca opening I e4 e5 unti hehave masteed cetan aspecs of hegame. A this stage othe openingsae no owed o be pacced n

coaching sessionsOn eachng a specic standad(BeF 50Eo 1000) he ae hennited up o the nex goup whichs enghened wih pacca eveopening at exists Indivdua,he ae then abe to decde whichopenng he e at home with andmake a choice when he come to

pa ther own ouamen gamesThe aeae appoaches ae oexpeiment a an ea sage wihunusua openngs o o ea ustone openng and stick o it for maneas The danges hee ae beingput o openings hat ae just oosu bte o a begnne o undesandin the s case o o im you

repertoe and neve nd he pefecopenng that suis ou n the ate ead an atice whee Seve

Dais was compainng tha he waspu o chess a a eative ea

sage because he e boed b hesagnan posons ha can arseaer he standad 1 e4 e5 opening:

e4 e5 2 c6 3 c4 c5 4

c3 f6 5 Q-Q QQ 6 d3 d6 ec

know how he fet bu n fact amore adanced pae coud ndpent of was o iven up he position wh fo exampe c3 hnk

is a sensbe dea or an pae toexpement with new openings(especa he mainseam ones) but can't den that the Rchmondpoic works we for hem

Do [ need an openingrepetoie?

You won get a whou onehee is not much poin shng nthe dark in eer game when it s so

eas to ook up he st few movesto se ou on ou wa


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11 Computers

Dol need a computer?

Quite frankly no. However inthis age of com puters it is easy to

believe that you can t keep upwithout one.I would aso answer that you

don't ne a cup to enj oy a d rink ofwater but that extra expense for amug or glass does make fe easier

I remember being asked to t outa computer in ther early days ofmanufacure. It was an eectroncone where you had to push thesquare you were movng from andthen push the square where thepiece land The ghts and beepingnoses were an add ita tion and Iremember that few games werensh as I al wa ys manag tospoil the game by leaning on anrrelevant square and lighng up thewhole board or puosely

desroyng the game when Iblunder

The man factor in playing againstcomputers is that the beter onesdon't make tactcal oversghts andherefore you have use a slghy

d erent approach than if you areplaying a human.

How can a ch ess compuer hepyou?

For those players who wish toreach the hghest leves in the

shorest tme poss be and who areforunat in havng the tme to bothstudy nd play chess on a daiybass a ches s playing program wil

be a treless opponent beng morethan willing to play you for as longas you desre whether t s for a half

hou r game or f or eght hours a day!Al though it is a equenty madecommen t that there is no substtutefor playing human opponents thereare a number of advantages npa ying computers:

I. Humans of greate strengtha y be reluctant to play you on aregular basis as alough it may be agrea t chaenge and very instructvefor you to play them they areunlikey fel the same way.

2. One usel puose that thecomputer can serve is to acqantyou with many dfferent openings asnow ada ys ther repeore s extens-

ive and varie". For exampe youcan get machines and programmeswhere you can select ther style ofpa y and each will react dierentlyto your opening moves This is a farcry from when I was young andhere was a tendency for them tofollow exactly the same game.

3 It s possbe to set up positons

from books newspaers or yourown games and ether play theposton out yourself or get thecomputer to analyse the poston foryou.


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12 Puzzles

I k l pzz o ov-w dffr yp r r?

Thee is n fact a whole area

devoted to chess problm solvngand ndeed composng.

As we ae supposed to be n abook devoted to chess payng, Iwl ony gaze ths subject, btsome peope ae mmedatelyfascinated by hs "ateaivemedcne Let us examne thedeent ypes of puzzes Foconvenence Whe moves stunless stated otherse

) Checkmate n a cetan numberof moves

It wll be wten as Whte maesin two (or thee ec)

he postons ae toaly unqueand by tadton unlke ones thatappea dung a nomal game Letus take a mate n 2: the obect of theexecse s o ake a move, andwhatever Black repies he wl bemated on the followng move no2) o a mate in hee he wll bemaed on the hd move etc

It may sound easy bu thecomposer makes sue thee aemany re herngs and only onesoluton, whch s always the most

unnatal ookng move on theboad The best defenc muaways be assumed n these type ofmates

The wel known composer andsove Bran Stephenson onceexplained to me that the eal beauyof these puzzles s that no pece san accesso b each one s heefor a specal reason and contbutesto the beauy of he souton It stime fo an exampe and thefollowing appeaed n OM JonahanLevtt's mos enetanng andchallengng book Genius in Chess.

Al the answes to the followngpuzzes can be found on pages124-5

Q6 Wite mates i to


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13 General Information

How s chess as a professo?

Judgng by the amount ofproessionals there ae, t s possible assume hat hee s a lt f

money go round bu he tuth sact uay far dfferent

About 20 yeas ago t was enough be an nteanal maser omake a decent lvng fom chessplayng. One oud receve fees nuaents and 'nnng pzes.However as spnsrshp dred upand moe neaonal mases

arved on the sene orgazesbecame nly nterested ingandmasers.

Soon aeads he a o theIron Cun saw a ass exodus ofgandmases fom ease Europewho wee wng to play for salerees. Nowadays ony GMsnsseny abve 2600 an expe

make a decent vng a solelyhess payngHwever on the plus sde hee

ae many opprun tes r theaverage ttled payer One an

juggle teachng boh n shoos andpvatey wth wrtng boks andatcles Hwever hs s ttleonsoaon he payes dawn o

he le o touaens andravengWhen I s appared n the

nteatona touamen scene Iwas que shocked by the amoun o

ease European "gangs who used work n ompany and arangegames dung a touamen n ode axse he amount of przemoney they wuld wn between

hem Ths was ther busness butone had to pty the eors as theymgh reso to seepng n cas rsang 5 to a room to sa ve moneywhe wang fr the customayhote to be provded by heogasers durng he nextuamen

Wth the amou of books adhe use of omputers, surely allhe games of chess have beeworked ou

hs s a oa msonceptnwhch s bete ed at noughts andosses or draughs!

As Gaham Burgess saes n hs

Mammoth Book of Ches, Theeae r oe possbe games ofhess han there are patces n theknwn unverse, and he numb ofpossble chess pstons ahoughar ewe s sl astronomcaSne one hs rends, D Nunn sone o he greatest athematansand hess payes o al me I eel

extemey sae passng on hsquote. may have an mmense lbry

ha would no doub ad n beang99% o he hess payng


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14 Answers

Q No, the pawn canno move ashe bishop would be puing the kingino check

Q2 Yes wih .. xf6

Q

Q4 LxK

Q5 checkmae

Q6 No Whie cnno castlekingside due o he bishop coveringhe fI-sq ue ( is no possbe ocasle hough check) and cannotcsle queensde due t he ook on

dS

Q7 Yes Whie can castle eiheside.

Q f7+ wins he queen

Q9 xcS xcS 2 e7+ nets a

ook

Q 10) I d4

Q c4 Don' foge ha hebck ook On d5 canno mOve

Q , b3 pcks up the loose

ook on c2Q d5 acks wo peces

Q4 No x+ e6 wins apiece) 1 b5 tacks wo bishopssimuaneous y

Q6 ...b7 picks up he ookon

Q7 I a 2 b3 'bl+ wnshe queen

Q8 b5+

Q9 d4

Q2 No .xe4 is oo geedyOn accoun of 2 e

Q2 e5

Q22 h 4!

Q2 dS xdS 2 g5tf 3 dS mate

Q24 c6++ (double check)

Q25 x e 2 d5 mate

Q 26 d5 and now:i) ..xd5 2 xd meii) d 2 e4 maei) xd5 2 b5 mae

Q27

bS (the ed heng

h alows Black o escape wih.-- xbS (the aeaive


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126 Your Chess Questons Answered

..xb8 2 xa8 3 xb8 ismate) 2h d4 3 h8 mate.

Q28I

b2 2 f4 c3 3f

d44 eS S f 6 6 e8 g7 7gS h8 8 = . A total o 7moves each have taken place.

Q29 1 2 eS e3 c3mate or

1 .b4 2eSc3 3 e2 mate.

Q30 a 2 a4 3 a3 4 a2 Sa] B

(promote to a b ish op) 6 d4 7 b68 b79 a8 0 a7 G mate.

Q31 1 b7and now:i) 1. .cxb72 1 mateii) l . bxb7 2 h6 mateii) 1.xd3 2 xG mateiv) 1.xc4 2 h7a tev) 1 b22 h6 mate

1xg6 2 1 mate.

Q32 W mate.

Q33 h8 mate

Q34 g6 mate.

Q35 h7mate.

Q36 h8 mate.

Q37 xg6 mate

Q38 h1 + g8 2 h8 mate

Q39 xc6+! bxc62 a6 mate.

Q40 xh7! xh7 2 h3mate.

Q41 g8! xg8 2 mate.

Q42 h6! xh6 2 h 8 mate

Q43 xg3+ 2 hxg3 xg3mate.

Q44 xh7! xh7 2 xh7 3 g6 mate

Q4 a8+ h7 2 h8+xh8 3

Q46 . f 2 h h2! 3xh2g3 mate.

Q47 d3! 2 exd3 g3 3e2 d4 mate

Q48 xh6+ 'xh6 2 'xh6+xh6 3 h7mate.

Q49

e7 h8 2 xh7!xh73 h3 mate


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your chess questions answered (gnv64)

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