you will learn how stars are made. you will also learn how stars are your great – – – – –...

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You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – great – great – great – great –great – great –great –great – great – great great – great – great – great – great –great – great - great grandparents! Hi, kids! The Sun Song (rock version) The Sun Song (classic version)

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Page 1: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

You will learn how stars are made.You will also learn how stars are your great – great – great – great – great –

great – great –great –great – great – great great – great – great – great –great –great

– great - great grandparents!

Hi, kids!

The Sun Song (rock version)

The Sun Song (classic version)

Page 2: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

All stars are “born” in nebulae.A nebula is an enormous cloud of

hydrogen and helium gas in space.

nebula

Page 3: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

One of the “stars” in Orion is actually a nebula

click to zoom in

Page 4: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Another famous nebula:The “Horsehead” nebula

Page 5: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Over time, the nebula’s own gravity makes the nebula come together into

a ball, called a protostar

nebulaprotostar

Page 6: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

When hydrogen fuses into helium, it gives off light (photons). This is why stars shine!

The pressure inside a protostar is so strong that hydrogen (H) fuses together to become helium (He)

H H

HH

He

Page 7: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Fusion happens billions of times every second inside a star

H H

HH

He

H H

HH

HeH H

HH

He

H H

HH

He

Page 8: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Stars shine because of nuclear fusion!

H H

HH

He

H H

HH

HeH H

HH

He

H H

HH

HeH H

HH

He

H H

He

H H

HH

He

H

H

He

Page 9: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Protostars look like this:

Page 10: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Eventually, protostars give off enough light to be officially called stars

Don’t forget – a star is just a

big ball of gas! Our sun is just

a big ball of gas

Page 11: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

This imaginary center is called

the “Barycenter”

Most stars have a “buddy star” – pairs of stars are called binary star systems

XHowever, you wouldn’t be here without

stars...

Page 12: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Every atom in your bodywas made by a star!

“The nitrogen in our DNA, the calcium in our teeth, the iron in our blood, and the carbon in our apple pies were all made in the interior of collapsing stars. We are made of

starstuff” – Carl SaganThe atoms of everything in this room, this town, and this planet were created inside a star!

Page 13: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Stars make all the different elements:3 helium atoms fuse into 1 carbon atom

He

He

He

C

Page 14: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

4 helium atoms fuse into 1 oxygen atom

He

He

He

He

O

Page 15: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Eventually stars run out of their hydrogen fuel, from the center out

This star has no more hydrogen in its center – only in

its outer edge. This causes the star’s exterior to expand and cool.

This star is now a called a “Red Giant” – “cool” stars are red

Page 16: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Our sun will become a red giant in about 5 billion years

Page 17: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Oh no, the sun will blow up in

Start count down

157, 787, 999, 999, 999,

Stop count down

seconds !

(2,629,800,000,000,000 minutes)

(43,830,000,000,000 hours)

(1,826,250,000,000 days)

(5,000,000,000 years)

Assume 365.25 days per yearDebug: in presentation mode, start countdown. Then escape from presentation mode. Then return to presentation mode. It will work

Page 18: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

M

V

Mercury and Venus will be destroyed

Our sun is currently a

“Main Sequence” star – but will grow

into a Red Giant!

Help!

Is it getting hot in here or is it

just me?E

Page 19: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

After all the fusion stops inside a red giant, the gases float away and only

the core remains

This core is called a “White Dwarf”

This leftover gas is called a “Planetary

Nebula”

Page 20: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Example of a planetary nebula

Page 21: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Example of a planetary nebula

Page 22: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Example of a planetary nebula

Page 23: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Example of a planetary nebula

Page 24: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

The White Dwarf is the burned out core of the star – like a burnt piece of

charcoal

Page 25: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Eventually, white dwarfs fade to black as they cool off

Page 26: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Stars smaller than our sun never become red giants – they just fizzle out

into white dwarfs

Which eventually burns out completely

into a Black Dwarf

Page 27: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Stars much larger than our

sun become enormous red

giants

Betelgeuse

click to zoom in

Page 28: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

A super red giant has intense fusion in its core – and explodes into a

supernovaA supernova

can be brighter than a million

stars!

Page 30: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

The white dwarf inside a supernova collapses into a neutron star

neutron star

Page 31: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

A neutron star inside the Puppis Supernova

You’ll learn more about

neutron stars soon…

Page 32: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,

Really big neutron stars collapse into black holes

You’ll learn more about black holes soon too…

Page 33: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,
Page 34: You will learn how stars are made. You will also learn how stars are your great – – – – – – –great – great – – – – –great – great - grandparents! Hi,