ykpn inggris 1 business and human welfare kelas.doc

7/21/2019 YKPN Inggris 1 Business and Human Welfare kelas.doc

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WORSHEET 1

BUSINESS AND HUMAN WELFARE

Business is the production, sale, and distribution

o !oods or ser"ices#

$u%pul&an hala%an ', setelah

se%ua soal dala% hala%an tersebut

di&er(a&an#

)# Readin! *e+t Read and comprehend the following text.

BUSINESS AND HUMAN WELFARE

In modern days people cannot be self-sufficient. cannot provide their needs bythemselves. Farmers produce food for themselves and for other people. However, theyhave to rely on others for their other needs. They have to go to tailors because they cannotmae clothes for their families. They also need schools to educate their children.

Because o "arious hu%an needs and -ants,

%an. businesses ha"e been set up#In the past,businesses

were concentrated on agriculture. !ost activities were directed forproducing food. "f course, agricultural activities also re#uired related worers.$lacsmiths were needed to produce agricultural tools made from iron and steel.%imilarly, carpenters were needed to produce tools made from wood.

The existence of farming as a business and other related businesses has created anintermediate business& trade. Farmers do not have to find blacsmiths themselves in orderto get their tools. They do not have to see carpenters themselves either. Instead, they 'ustgo to a maret or shop where their tools are sold. %imilarly, carpenters and blacsmiths

do not have to contact farmers for food. They simply go to a maret. Thus, a

maret is a point where potential buyers andsellers meet.Farmers, blacsmiths, and carpenters do a similar 'ob& producing goods.

%hopeepers are different& they do not produce goods but they exchange goods formoney. %till, for goods to reach the shopeepers, an activity is needed& distribution.

(istribution maes goods available to those in need.

)


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*ith the advance of technology and civili+ation, more and more business forms

have been set up. *e have shops not only for goods but alsofor prepared food, which we call restaurants. There are

hotel and transportation businesses. ll these have improved humanwelfare. eople can find their needs much easier thanin the past, and so they can spend their time andefforts for other activities.

II# Word Stud. *rite the suitable Indonesian translation next to each. ote that a wordmay have several meanings. Therefore, choose the one which is suitable.

The benefits of business for human welfare.

Farmers are examples of people who have to rely onothers for some needs.*hy many businesses have been set up.%hopeepers are different from the other business

players because they wor in sale business.The past tense is used to describe events in the past.Restaurants are shops for prepared food restoran

adalah tempat pen'ualan maanan yang sudah dimasaFarmers are people who produce food for themselvesand for other peopleetani adalah orang yang menghasilan pangan untudiri merea sendiri dan orang lain maret is a point where potential buyers and sellersmeetasar adalah titi dimana calon pembeli dan pen'ual

bertemu). self-sufficient )). re#uire /). potential/. provide )/. related //. goods

/


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0. produce )0. blacsmiths /0. exchange1. rely on )1. iron /1. reach2. tailors )2. steel /2. available3. educate )3. similarly /3. in need4. various )4. carpenters /4. advance

5. wants )5. existence /5. civili+ation6. set up )6. intermediate /6. prepared)7. agriculture /7. trade 07. spend

III# *e+t Anal.sis If you read a text, you must pay attention to the title and theorgani+ation of the text. nswer these #uestions to discover how the text is organi+ed.). $ased on the title, what is the above text about8 nswer&999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. *hy are farmers mentioned in the first paragraph8 nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. *hat is the topic of the second paragraph8

nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991. *hy are shopeepers introduced in the fourth paragraph8 nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992. *hy is the past tense used in the second paragraph8 nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

I/# Deinitions (efine the following terms based on the text.). Restaurants& :nglish & 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 Indonesian & 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. Farmers& :nglish & 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 Indonesian & 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. maret & :nglish & 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 Indonesian & 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/# *ranslation Translate the following sentences into Indonesian.). In modern days people cannot be self-sufficient.

nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. They also need schools to educate their children.

nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. gricultural activities also re#uire related worers.

nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991. ;arpenters were needed to produce tools made from wood.

nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992. Instead, they 'ust go to a maret or shop where their tools are sold. nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999993. %imilarly, carpenters and blacsmiths do not have to contact farmers for food. nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

0


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4. They simply go to a maret.nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

5. For goods to reach the shopeepers, an activity is needed& distribution.nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

6. There are hotel and transportation businesses, too.

nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999)7. ll these have improved human welfare.nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/I# 0o%prehension and Writin! 1ractice nswer the following #uestions in :nglish.). *ho do farmers produce food for8 nswer& for themselves and other people/.*hy were businesses in the past concentrated on

It is because %ost acti"ities -ere directed or producin!

ood#0. *here do people now go to find their needs8 nswer& *he. si%pl. !o to a %ar&et1. ow are blacsmiths and farmers similar to each other8

nswer&they produce goods for themselves and others.2. *hy can modern people concentrate on their 'obs8

nswer&because they can satisfy their needs easily, so theyhave more time for their 'obs

/II# 0o%prehension Multiple20hoice *est ;hoose the most correct answer based onthe text.). < = The word theyin the first sentence of the first paragraph refers to 99999999999

. people $. needs ;. farmers (. other people /. < = The food farmers produce is for 999999 . themselves $. other people ;. their children (. themselves and other people

0. < = 999999 is concentrated on producing food. . $usiness $. griculture ;. (istribution (. Transportation

1. < = *hich profession appeared last8 . Farmer $. $lacsmith ;. ;arpenter (. Trader 2. < = $lacsmiths (" "T mae tools 99999 . from iron $. from steel ;. for farmers (. from wood

3. < = Farmers go to a carpenter to get tools made of 999999 . iron $. steel ;. wood (. food 4. < = Traders> business is 999999999 goods.

. producing $. selling ;. distributing (. providing 5. < = :xamples of traders are 99999999 . farmers $. carpenters ;. shopeepers (. blacsmiths 6. < = repared food is the main business of a 9999999999

. restaurant $. farmer ;. carpenter (. hotel

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)7.< = $usiness which brings goods to the people in need is 9999 . agriculture $. transportation ;. trade (. technology

/III# Structural E+ercises ;hoose the correct answer.). < = In modern days people 9999 not self-sufficient

. can>t $. are ;. be (. is/. < = 99999 various needs, there have been many businesses. . $ecause $. In ;. (ue (. $ecause of0. < = !ost farmers wor very hard for 999999 food. . produce $. produces ;. producing (. produced1. < = "ther professions 9999 needed to support agricultural business.

. has $. are ;. will (. had2. < = eople do not wor only for 99999999. . themselves $. theirselves ;. theyselves (. himself3. < = $lacsmiths do not have 9999999 farmers for food. . to contacting $. to contact ;. contacting (. to contacted

4. < = (istribution maes goods 9999999 for others. . be available $. to be available ;. available (. be available5. < = gricultural activities also re#uire 9999999 worers. . relating $. relate ;. related (. to relate6. < = ?rocery stores are shops only 99999 vegetables and fruit. . to $. for ;. from (. with)7. < = *e can satisfy our needs easily, 9999 we have more time for our 'obs.

. because $. therefore ;. that (. so

I3# Structural Error Identiication E+ercises ;ircle , $, ;, or (, whichever isincorrect.

). < = They cannot provide their needs for theirselves $ ; (/. < = They also need schools to educating their children. $ ; (0. < = !ost activity were directed for producing food. $ ; (1. < = In the past, businesses are concentrated in agriculture. $ ; (2. < = The existence of farming have created other businesses. $ ; (3. < = Farmers go to blacsmiths in order get their tools. $ ; (4. < = !aret is a point where potential buyers and sellers meet. $ ; (5. < = They go to a maret where are their tools sold. $ ; (6. < = ?oods to reach the shopeepers, an activity is needed. $ ; ()7. < = There is hotel and transportation businesses.

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$ ; (

Note of about standardized tests of English Competency:Today there are many standardi+ed tests for measuring one>s :nglish competency, such asTest of :nglish as a Foreign @anguage


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for 'obs to be bread-winners. Today, more and more women, both married and single, alsowor side by side with men labor.


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0. eople who are retired or children are not included in the labor force.nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

1. Though they do not hold any 'ob, they are not looing for a 'ob. nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992. They wor to produce food for the rest of the population or perhaps for exports.

nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999993. In Indonesia, more than 27E wor in this sector though more and more people worin modern industries.

nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994. Thus, instead of woring in factories, they prefer woring in trading, teaching,

medicine and research.nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

5. The development of modern industries has also changed the labor force composition. nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

6. In the past most women stayed home to be care-givers nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999)7. !ore and more women, both married and single, also wor side by side with men

labor. nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/I# 0o%prehension and Writin! 1ractice nswer the following #uestions in :nglish.). *hy should people wor8 nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. How is the unemployment rate calculated8 nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. *hat do people do when woring in the agricultural sector8 nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991. *here do people in :urope mostly wor8 *hy8 nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992. *ho are the white-collar worers8 nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/II# 0o%prehension Multiple20hoice *est ;hoose the most correct answer based on the text.). < = The word theyin the second sentence of the first paragraph refers to 99999999

. people $. companies ;. employment (. somebody else/. < = eople wor to support their 999999

. families $. dependents only ;. government (. companies0. < = Dnemployed people do not have 999999

. dependents $. any source of income ;. money (. compensation1. < = The unemployment rate shows how many people 9999 . have no 'obs $. wor every month ;. are looing for 'obs (. are retired2. < = ;hildren do not belong to the labor force because they 9999 . have no 'obs $. are still too young ;. are not looing for 'obs (. are retired

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3. < = In Indonesia, most people wor in 999999999. the service factor $. the industrial sector ;. the agricultural sector (. factories

4. < = In the D%, most people wor in 999999999. trading $. the industrial sector ;. the agricultural sector (. research

5. < = n example of service industries is 9999999999999

. teaching $. agriculture ;. factories (. staying at home6. < = %ervice industries need 9999999999. educated people $. care-givers ;. bread-winners (. blue-collar worers

)7.< = ow more and more women are 9999999999 . care givers $. white-collar worers ;. bread-winners (. blue-collar worers

/III# Structural E+ercises ;hoose the correct answer.). < = :verybody 99999 a source of income in order to survive. . must have $. must has ;. should (. must/. < = They 9999 receive money and other compensation.

. has $. have ;. will (. would

0. < = They want 999999999 unemployment. . to prevent $. preventing ;. prevent (. prevented1. < = Retired people 999999999 not included in the labor force. . is $. are ;. do (. did2. < =999999999 they do not hold any 'ob, they are not looing for a 'ob. . $ecause $. lthough ;. %ince (. nd3. < = They wor to produce food 99999 the rest of the population. . to $. because of ;. for (. about4. < = In ;anada less 9999 )7E of the labor force wor in the agricultural sector. . for $. than ;. then (. of5. < = They 99999999 woring in trading, teaching, medicine and research. . want $. prefer ;. will (. can6. < = This 99999999 when people are better educated.

. happens $. to happen ;. happening (. happened)7.< = The development of modern industries 99 changed the labor force composition. . have $. will ;. has (. should

I3# Structural Error Identiication E+ercises ;ircle , $, ;, or (, whichever isincorrect.). < = They will receive a money andCor other compensation.

$ ; (/. < = However, this does not always happens.

$ ; (0. < =The unemployment rate is the portion of the unemployed out of the total force labor.

$ ; (1. < = Though they do not hold any 'ob, they are not loo for a 'ob.

$ ; (2. < = *hat most people do differs in one country to another.

$ ; (

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3. < = In an agricultural country most people wor in a agricultural sector. $ ; (

4. < = This can happen when people are better education. $ ; (

5. < = They are called white-collar worer in contrast to blue-collar worers.

$ ; (6. < = This condition happens which people are better educated. $ ; (

)7. < = !ost women stayed home, while men looed 'obs. $ ; (

s richest country is the D%, with a ?( s poorest country by ?( per head is !yanmar. :ach person has, onaverage, )77, but many are even poorer. The sad fact is that the world>s richest countries

with less than a #uarter of the world>s population tae three #uarters of its wealth. Thiscreates imbalances between the rich and poor countries. !ost of the world>s richcountries are in the orthern Hemisphere, while most poor countries are in the %outh.This maes us tal of the orth-%outh divide. %ince )637, the divide between orth and%outh has grown wider leaving many in poverty.

bout one billion people around the world live in Gabsolute poverty>. This meansthey have no real homes. In cities lie ;alcutta and aarta, they sleep rough or live inshacs. They rarely have enough to eat or drin. Richer countries want to alleviate thisworldwide sad condition. In the )647s they encouraged poor countries lie !exico and$ra+il to borrow money to build new dams and industrial wors so that production can beincreased, more people have 'obs, and poverty can be reduced. Howeer, by )666 poorcountries were paying 27 billion more in debt interest than rich countries were donatingin aid.

nother bad conse#uence of poverty is that famine has become a commonproblem in the poorer parts of the world. "ne reason is that so much farmland is used forgrowing crops for export. This raises the cost of food and restricts the land available forgrowing food for local people. Indeed, /27,777 children die a wee from a poor diet. Thesituation is further complicated by a lac of clean water. /27,777 die a month fromdiarrhoea because clean water can hardly be found in those poverty-stricen areas.

)7


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nswer&999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999995. %o much farmland is used for growing crops for export. nswer&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999996. This restricts the land available for growing food for local people. nswer&999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

)7. ;lean water can hardly be found in those poverty-stricen areas. nswer&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/# 0o%prehension and Writin! 1ractice nswer the following #uestions in :nglish.). *hy is the D% mentioned as the richest country in the world8 nswer&999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. *hat is the conse#uence of the fact that the richest countries tae three #uarters of the world>s wealth8 nswer&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. *hat is meant by living in Gabsolute poverty>8 nswer&999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

1. (o rich countries really help poor countries8 :xplain. nswer&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992. *hy is the land available for growing food for local people restricted8 nswer&999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/I# 0o%prehension Multiple 0hoice *est ;hoose the correct answer based on the text.

). < = !ost of the people in !yanmar are 999.. poor $. rich ;. not so poor (. not so rich

/. < = Imbalances between orth and %outh are 999. . praised $. not found ;. recogni+ed. (. ignored0. < = The cause of imbalances between orth and %outh is that 999.

. the number of countries in the orth is bigger than in the %outh.$. the number of countries in the %outh is bigger than in the orth.;. the countries in the %outh tae two-thirds of the world>s wealth.(. the countries in the orth tae most of the world>s wealth.

1. < = The number of people in the world who have no homes is around 999. . one million $. ten million ;. )77 million (. )777 million2. < = ccording to the text, it is difficult for the people living in absolute poverty to 99. . communicate and wor ;. live and wor $. sleep and eat (. have fun and drin 3. < = In general richer countries 9999 the condition of poor countries because of the

huge debt interest the poor countries have to pay. . have ignored ;. have not tried to improve

$. have failed to improve (. have succeeded in improving4. < = *hy is the land available for growing food for local people limited8

. $ecause a lot of farmland is used for growing crops for export.$. $ecause there is lac of clean water.;. $ecause the cost of food increases.(. $ecause famine has become the common problem in many parts of the world.

)/


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5. < = *hat is the conse#uence of lac of clean water in many parts of the world8. Farmland is not fertile anymore.$. The land available for growing food has been reduced.;. lot of people die from diarrhoea.(. ;lean water can hardly be found.

/II# Structural E+ercise ;hoose the correct answer.

). < = :ach person gets only one hundred dollars, but many 999 even poorer. . have $. has ;. are (. is

/. < = It is a fact that most of 999 are in the %outh. . the poor countries $. poor countries ;. the poor country (. of poor country

0. < = ll countries want 999 this worldwide serious problem. . solve $. to solve ;. solving (. to be solved

1. < = Indonesia borrowed money from rich countries 999 new roads. . building $. built ;. to be built (. to build

2. < = The divide between orth and %outh 999 wider for the last 17 years. . becomes $. becoming ;. has become (. will become3. < = Insufficient electric power supply maes us 999 the use of electricity.

. reduce $. to reduce ;. be reduced (. reducing4. < = The land available for 999 food for the people is now restricted.

. produce $. produced ;. being produced (. producing5. < = %wiss people 999 the richest in the world.

. consider $. considering ;. are considering (. are considered

/III# Structural Error Identiication E+ercise;ircle , $, ;, or (, whichever is incorrect.). < = eople in !alaysia has an even higher ?( per head.

$ ; (/. < = !ost of the world>s rich nation are not in the orth.

$ ; (0. < = Richer countries need helping poorer countries.

$ ; (1. < = !ore people have 'obs and poverty can be reduce.

$ ; (2. < = oor countries were paying billions of dollars more in debt interest than richer

$ ; countries were donate in aid.

(3. < = %o many farmland is used for growing crops for export.

$ ; (4. < = In the more poor parts of the world, famine becomes a common problem.

$ ; (5. < = The children rarely have enough to be eaten or drin.

$ ; (6. < = This worldwide problem is complicate by a lac of clean water.

)0


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$ ; ()7. < = !ore than /777 people die a monthly from diarrhoea because of lac of water. $ ; (


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Metallic Money# Today metallic money consists of the various coins in circulation.Paper Money. Federal Reserve otes and D.%. otes are two types of paper money

which are issued today in the Dnited %tates. There were some other types of paper moneyissued earlierJ and are still outstanding although they have been withdrawn fromcirculation, presumably in the hands of collectors.

Private Bank Money. This is sometimes called checboo money or demanddeposits. %ome of it exists when bans mae loans, and some does when people maedeposits. The Federal Reserve %ystem controls the amount of checboo money thatbans can mae. The private ban money is also called Kdemand depositL because it mustbe fully and immediately convertible into currencies and coins. ;hecs are mostly usedtoday for financial payments because they are easy and convenient, and they provideflexibility in maing payments.

%%implified from The Encyclopedia &'E()C&N& )nternational Edition* +ol* !,* !,,-* Grolier)ncorporated: Connecticut.

II# Word Stud.& *rite the suitable Indonesian translation next to each.). payment )). durable /). ranging/. goods )/. stored //. copper 0. services )0. lacing /0. bron+e1. debts )1. bul /1. issued2. consists of )2. light /2. withdrawn3. currency )3. weight /3. presumably4. convertible )4. purposes /4. loans5. demand )5. ancient /5. convenient6. expedite )6. form /6. provide)7. li#uidate /7. wheels 07. flexibility

III#*e+t Anal.sis& If you read a text, you must pay attention to the title and theorgani+ation. nswer these #uestions to discover how the text is organi+ed.). $ased on the title, what is the above text about8

nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. *rite the subtopics of the passage.

nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. *hat is the relation between the title and the subheadings8

nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991. *hat is the topic of the sixth paragraph8

nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992. In what paragraph is the function of money stated8

nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999I/# Deinitions& (efine these terms based on the text and then translate them into

Indonesian.). @egal tender

:nglish & 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999Indonesian & 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/. (emand deposit:nglish & 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

)2


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Indonesian & 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/# *ranslation& Translate the following sentences into Indonesian.

). !oney can be used for the payment of goods, services, or debts.nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/. The three items can expedite the production and trade of goods and services.

nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. !oney is good if it has a good material& durable and light in weight.nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

1. !oney can be created by government and institutions under its direct control.nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

2. The value was determined by its si+e.nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

3. They used gold, silver, copper, and bron+e, but not in the form of coins.nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

4. Today metallic money consists of the various coins in circulation.nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

5. Federal Reserve otes and D.%. otes are two types of paper money issued in theD.%.nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

6. %ome of it exists when bans mae loans, and some does when deposits are made.nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

)7. They are easy and convenient and provide flexibility in maing payments.nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/I# 0o%prehension and Writin! 1ractice& nswer the following #uestions in :nglish.). *hat do you thin of the form of money used by peoples on the island of ap8

nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. *hy should government control private institutions in creating money8

nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. *hy is a chec not legal tender8

nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991. *hich one is more effective, checs or currencies and coins8 *hy8

nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992. !ention the types of money in Indonesia.

nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/II# Readin! 0o%prehension& ;hoose the most correct answer of the following

#uestionsM). < = The word itin the first line of the first paragraph refers to 999.

. goods $. services ;. money (. debts/. < = !oney which is not legal tender is 999.

. a currency $. paper money ;. a coin (. a chec 0. < = The word itsin the sentence K*he "alue -as deter%ined b. its si6e7refers to 999 . . stone wheels $. fei ;. value (. si+e1. < = The form of money that is not ideal is 999.

. paper money $. fei ;. coins (. currencies2. < = There are 999 types of paper money issued in the Dnited %tates today.

. three $. four ;. more than two (. two

)3


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3. < = The expression the systemin the fifth paragraph line / refers to 999.. using metal as money ;. traders$. the barter system (. the early :gyptians and ?rees

4. < = The word theyin the fifth paragraph in the last sentence refers to 999.. the system ;. the early hoenician and $abylonian cultures

$. the early :gyptians and ?rees (. the early $abylonian and ?rees5. < = These depositsin the last paragraph refers to the terms in the following, except 999.

. private ban money ;. demand deposits$. The Federal Reserve %ystem (. checboo money

6. < = The sentence The alue was determined by its sizehas a meaning the 999. . value of the stone was various ;. larger the stone, the smaller was its value $. si+e of the stone was various (. larger the stone, the greater was its value

)7. < = In by goernment and priate institutions under its direct control


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1. < = !oney consists of three types which these types can expedite business. $ ; (

2. < = eople use ban money because it is easy and flexibility $ ; (

3. < = In the past, the peoples on the island of ap use money called the fei.

$ ; (4. < = There is two types of paper money issued today in the D%. $ ; (5. < = *hen deposits is made, some of private ban money comes into existence. $ ; (6. < = ;hecs are not legal tender because the government does not create it. $ ; ()7. < = The government and private institutions can be create money. $ ; (


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The study of the behaviour of households and business firms is only onepart of economic analysis, however. The other part is concerned with the study ofthe behaviour of overall economic factors N macroeconomics. The results ofeconomic performance can be measured in terms of production and income. ;hiefamong the KyardsticsL that measure the economy>s overall performance is gross

national product, which mae up the maret value of all final goods and directservices produced during the year. roduction costs


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nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 5. *hy is the expression of corseused in the last sentence of the fourth

paragraph8nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

6. The expression ho!everis used to contrast two things. *hy is the word used in

the first sentence of the last paragraph8nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999)7. *hy is the wordyardstickswritten between #uotation mars8

nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

I/# 0oncepts and Deinitions Write the ollo-in! concepts or deinitions based on

the abo"e te+t#

). The essence of economic decision maing is 99999999999999999999999999999999

999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/7


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/. The essence of efficient production is 99999999999999999999999999999999999999

99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

0. !icroeconomics is 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

1. !acroeconomic is 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/# 0o%prehension 9uestions# Ans-er these :uestions in En!lish#

). *hy must the level of consumption be compatible with the supply of producingresources8

nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/. In business activity, what are resources used for8 nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. How do households exercise their choices to spend their money8

nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

1. *hy must business firms be responsive to household demands8 nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

2. *hy do business firms have to use their labour and resources in the best way8 nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

3. *hat is the interest of microeconomic analyses8

nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

4. *hich economic factors are studied in microeconomic analyses8nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

5. *hat is the interest of macroeconomic analyses8nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

6. How is the result of economic performance measured8nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

)7. *hat elements determine consumer prices8

nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/I# Scannin! Find the ollo-in! speciic inor%ation

). %ix elements of production costs are 9999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

). Three productive factors are 9999999999999999999999999999999999999 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/)


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/II# 0o%prehension Based on the abo"e te+t, -rite * i the state%ent is correct, F i

alse#

< = ). The most important goal of all economic activity is to reduce consumption.< = /. High prices show that resources are limited.< = 0. "nly households mae economic choices.

< = 1. Households want to have the highest level of satisfaction.< = 2. Firms want to have the highest amount of profit.< = 3. Firms want to increase production costs.< = 4. !icroeconomics studies how firms and households mae choices.< = 5. Individuals always mae decisions based on their own interests.< = 6. !acroeconomics studies overall economic factors.< = )7. ;onsumer prices are not influenced by taxation.

/III# Structural E+ercises ;hoose the correct answer.< = ). The basic ob'ective of all activities is 99999 the highest level of consumption. . achieve $. achieved ;. to achieving (. achieves

< = /. The choice process 999 both at the level of the household. . occur $. occurs ;. occurring (. to occur< = 0. They must be responsive to the household demands 999 goods and services. . from $. on ;. for (. in< = 1. nalyses on the results of the choices 999 the concern of microeconomics. . being $. to be ;. are (. is< = 2. The focus is the behaviour 999 the individuals and institutions in the economy. . from $. of ;. for (. in

/III# Structural Error Identiication E+ercise;ircle , $, ;, or (, whichever is incorrect.< = ). $ut all acts are individual, individuals often mae act for their organi+ations. $ ; (< = /. The study of the behaviour of households are only one part of economic analysis. $ ; (< = 0. The results of economic performance can be measure in terms of production. $ ; (< = 1. The gross national product mae up the maret value of all goods and services. $ ; (< = 2. This is mae of all income earned by the owners of the productive factors. $ ; (


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WORKSHEET VI

BUSINESS E*HI0S

I# Readin! *e+tRead and comprehend the following text.

BUSINESS E*HI0S

In the study of economy business ethics is a relatively new sub'ect. o wonder itis difficult to find an encylopedia which includes it as one of its entries. *hat is businessethics, then8 It is popularly nown as the application of a moral 'udgment to a business.However, what is a moral 'udgment8 *hy is it to be applied to a business8 Is a businessnot a value-free enterprise8 How can one decide that a particular business activity isethical or unethical8 The above definition undoubtedly does not provide ready-madeanswers for these #uestions.

moral 'udgment is an act of evaluation which tells what is right or wrong, goodor bad on the basis of a particular system of values. The product of the act can be eitherto prohibit or to encourage a particular practice. *hat sort of system of values is to bereferred to8 The system of values should un#uestionably be the one that promotes

disinterestedness, sensitivity to harm and benefit and tolerates no vested interests andsubordination to any authoritative bodies. In what way does a moral 'udgment engageitself in busisness8

The meeting point between a moral 'udgment and a business lies in what peoplecall as society. s it is widely nown, society is composed of people who own commonends and try to achieve them by organi+ing themselves under a system of institutions&educational, economic, cultural, and political. The legitimacy of the existence of theseinstitutions is attributable to their contribution to the attainment of such society>s ends ascommon good, mutual help, ade#uate standards of living. In other words no institution isallowed to stand in the way to the accomplishment of the ends.

s part of an economic institution a business is not an exception. s a humanactivity which produces goods and services and distributes them to the members ofsociety it should ensure that its organi+ation, policies, and behaviour do not run counterto the good of the members of the society and society as a whole. business cannotcontinue producing when it causes severe pollution, neglects the need of its employeesfor being fully human, or exploits the ignorance of the public. s such a business cannotbe said to be value-free, conforming to its own course of action and pursuing profits only.In its operation, then, it should put the above system of values into practice.

In reality, however, it is not lie counting fingers to determine whether or not aparticular business practice is ethical. It is tenable for a business does not exist in staticcircumstances. *hat is morally right in the past may be wrong at present or in the future.Therefore, business ethics becomes inevitable in the field of economics. It is in fact notmerely concerned with the application of moral standards to business as lots of peoplethin but it also rigorously studies the ethicality of any business practice.


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II# Word Stud.*rite the suitable Indonesian translation next to each. ote that a wordmay have several meanings. Therefore, choose the one which is suitable.). wonder )). promote /). legitimacy/. entry )/. disinterestedness //. attributable0. popularly )0. harm /0. mutual

1. 'udgment )1. vested /1. ade#uate2. value-tree )2. subordination /2. accomplishment3. enterprise )3. authoritative /3. severe4. undoubtedly )4. engage /4. ignorance5. ready-made )5. lie /5. conform6. prohibit )6. composed /6. circumstance)7. un#uestionably /7. common 07. rigorously

III# *e+t Anal.sis If you read a text, you must pay attention to the title and theorgani+ation of the text. nswer these #uestions to discover how the text is organi+ed.). Referring to the title, what is the above text about8

nswer&999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. *hat is the main idea of the first paragraph8 nswer&999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. *hat does the term thenin the fourth paragraph express8 nswer&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991. *hat does the expression thereorein the last paragraph introduce8 nswer&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992. *hat dose the last paragraph contain8 nswer&99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

I/# Deinitions(efine the following terms based on the text.). $usiness ethics& :nglish&999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 Indonesian&99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. !oral 'udgment& :nglish&999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 Indonesian&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. %ociety& :nglish&999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 Indonesian&999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/# *ranslationTranslate the following sentences into Indonesian.). It is popularly nown as the application of a moral 'udgment to a business. nswer&99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. Is a business not a value-free enterprise8 nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. The product of the act can be either to prohibit or to encourage a particular practice. nswer&99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991. In what way does a moral 'udgment engage itself in business8

nswer&99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/1


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2. The meeting point lies in what people call as society nswer&99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999993. o institution is allowed to stand in the way to the accomplishment of the ends. nswer&99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994. $usiness cannot be said to be value-free, conforming to its own course.

nswer&99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999995. In its operation, business should put the above system of values into practice. nswer&99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999996. It is tenable for a business does not exist in static circumstances. nswer&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999)7. *hat is morally right in the past may be wrong at present or in the future. nswer&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/I# Readin! 0o%prehension and Writin! 1racticenswer the following #uestions in :nglish.). *hy is it not easy to find an account of business ethics8 nswer&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/. How does one come to what is right or wrong8nswer&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. *hat accounts for the existence of social institutions8 nswer&999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991. Dnder what ciscumstances does a business stop producing8 nswer&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992. (oes what is morally right remain permanent8 *hy8 nswer&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/II# Readin! 0o%prehension Multiple20hoice *est;hoose the most correct answer based on the text.). < =The word itsin the second sentence of the first paragraph refers to 9999999 . . economy $. a sub'ect ;. an encylopedia (. business ethics/. < = $usiness ethics is 999999999999of economics

. part $. a synonym ;. the target (. the old concern0. < = moral 'udgment 99999999 evaluation.

. avoids $. gives ;. differs from (. recieves1. < = moral 'udgment should consider999999 . . pre'udice $. a mere reasoning ;. regulations only (. fairness2. < = The members of society should give a priority to 9999999ends

. individual $. public ;. primordial (. sectarian3. < = %ocial institutions are not expected to 999999 the attainment of social ends. . hinder $. facilitate ;. support (. contribute to4. < = The expressionsuch as in the third paragraph is used to introduce 999999 .

. examples $. a contrast ;. a summary (. a comparison5. < = business is assumed not to be 999999to a society.

. an instrument $. an enemy ;. a partner (. a facilitator6. < = $usiness and ethics are expected to be 99999 .

. oppositional $. mutually exclusive ;. interdependent (. competitive)7.< = In a modern age lie ours business ethics does not tend to be 99999 .

. optional $. inevitable ;. strategic (. crucial

/2


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/III# Structural E+ercises;hoose the correct answer). < = $usiness ethics 999999to be studied by students of economics. . are $. have ;. has (. must/. < = 99999is interesting to study business ethics today.

. %he $. :conomics ;. It (. eople

0. < = The product of the act 99999999 either to encourage a particular practice.. can been $. will ;. can be (. can have1. < = In what way does a moral 'udgment engage 9999999 in business8

. itself $. it ;. it self (. herself2. < = The meeting point 999999 in what people called as society

. lied $. laid ;. lay (. lain3. < = eople achieve their ends by organi+ing themselves 99999a system of

institutions.. with $. in ;. over (. under

4. < = business cannot continue 9999999 when it exploits the ignorance of the public.. products $. produces ;. producing (. produced

5. < = $usiness cannot be said to be value-free, ... to its own course of action.. to be conformed $. be conforming ;. conform (. conforming6. < = It is not easy to determine ... or not a particular business practice is ethical.

. if $. that ;. what (. whether)7. < = It also ... studies the ethicality of any business practice.

. with rigor $. rigorous ;. rigorly (. in rigorI3# Structural Error Identiication E+ercise;ircle , $, ;, or (, whichever is incorrect.). < = In the study of economy business ethic is a relatively new sub'ect.

$ ; (/. < = It is difficult to find an encylopedia which include it as one of its entries. $ ; (0. < = moral 'udgment is an act of evaluation which tells what are right or wrong.

$ ; (1. < = In what way does a moral 'udgment engages itself in business8 $ ; (2. < = s widely nown, society is composed with people who own common ends. $ ; (3. < = o institution is allow to stand in the way to the accomplishment of the ends. $ ; (4. < = business cannot continues producing when it causes severe pollution. $ ; (5. < = In their operation, then, business should put the above system into practice. $ ; (6. < = It is tenable for a business does not exist in a static circumstances. $ ; ()7. < = *hat is morally right in the past maybe wrong at present or in the future. $ ; (


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WORKSHEET VII

04R14RA*I4N *HE 04N0E1* AND HIS*4R5

I# Readin! *e+t Read and comprehend the following text.04R14RA*I4N FEA*URES AND HIS*4R5

;orporation corporation is a business where many people are organi+ed with labor andcapital combined in a single venture. They are allowed to 'oin or leave the venture atany time, but the other members still can carry on the business. s a legal entity, acorporation may sue or be sued without any personal effect on the members. In the past,corporations were profit-oriented firms. However, now they can be other types oforgani+ations such as educational, scientific, recreational, charitable, and even religiousorgani+ations. ;ities and towns incorporate themselves and behave lie businesscorporations. %imilarly, some government services can be in a corporate form, forexample, the Federal (eposit Insurance ;orporation and the Tennessee Aalley uthority.

(evelopment of the corporationThe corporation has developed from two related but different traditions. The firstis the traditional tendency of people to 'oin together in associations and conduct mutuallybeneficial activities. Thus, members help each other. The second tradition was when thechartered company was established in western :urope in the late !iddle ges. The firstmodern corporations were the great :nglish trading companies of the )3th and )4th

centuries, chartered by the crown by act of the $ritish arliament. These companies hadlegal rights and obligations separate and distinct from that of their individual members.$y the end of the )4 thcentury :nglish lawyers had devised a new form of corporateorgani+ation where no act of arliament nor permission of the monarch was re#uired.

In the Dnited %tates, after it gained freedom from $ritain, corporations were

established on an individual basis by state legislatures. However, public dissatisfactionwith this system grew because it placed a staggering burden on state legislatures.;ompeting firms were 'ealous of the special privileges granted to some corporationsJ andspecial privileges were a concept alien and unacceptable to a democratic society. Theresult was a shift toward a statute under which any group of persons could achievecorporate status by satisfying certain legal re#uirements.

Features of the corporation corporation is different from other forms of business enterprise. sole

proprietorship is owned by one person, while a partnership belongs to an association oftwo or more persons. corporation does not belong to a particular person or associationbut to its stocholders, which can be anybody.

Dnlie the other forms of business, a corporation has a limited liability. Thestocholders are not legally responsible for the corporation>s debts. Therefore, theirpersonal belongings are safe from the corporation>s debts and failure. corporation isalso a legal entity separate from its owners. Therefore, it can sue or be sued by itscreditors.


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II# Word Stud.*rite the suitable Indonesian translation next to each. ote that a wordmay have several meanings. Therefore, choose the one which is suitable.

)7. corporation )). mutually /). staggering)). venture )/. chartered //. 'ealous)/. 'oin )0. established /0. privilege

)0. carry on )1. crown /1. unacceptable)1. sue )2. distinct /2. stature)2. effect )3. individual /3. re#uirement)3. profit )4. devise /4.sole proprietorship)4. firm )5. monarch /5. partnership)5. charitable )6. gain /6. liability)6. behave /7. legislature 07. entity

III# *e+t Anal.sis If you read a text, you must pay attention to the title and theorgani+ation of the text. nswer these #uestions to discover how the text is organi+ed.). $ased on the title, what is the above text about8

nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. *hat is the first paragraph about8 nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. *hy are the F(I; and the Tennessee Aalley uthority mentioned in the text8 nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991. *hy are the second and third paragraphs in the past tense8 nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992. *hat does the word theirin the third sentence of the last paragraph refer to8 nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999993. *hat does the connector therefore in the last paragraph introduce8 nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

I/# *ranslation Translate the following sentences and phrases into Indonesian.). They are allowed to 'oin or leave the venture at any time nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. ;ities and towns incorporate themselves and behave lie business corporations. nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. The companies had legal rights and obligations distinct from that of their individual

members.nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

1. :nglish lawyers devised a new form of corporate organi+ation where no act of arliament nor permission of the monarch was re#uired.

nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992. In the Dnited %tates corporations were established on an individual basis by state

legislatures.nswer&999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

3. However, public dissatisfaction with this system grew.nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

4. This system placed a staggering burden on state legislatures. nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/5


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5. ;ompeting firms were 'ealous of the special privileges granted to some corporations. nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999996. %pecial privileges were a concept alien and unacceptable to a democratic society. nswer&99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999)7.Therefore, their personal belongings are safe from the corporation>s debts and failure.

nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/# 0o%prehension and Writin! 1ractice nswer the following #uestions in :nglish.).*ill a corporation die when the founders do8 *hy8 nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. *hich firms started the business form of corporation8 nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. *hat spirit has encouraged the foundation of a corporation8 nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991. (id corporations begin in :urope or the Dnited %tates8 :xplain why. nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

2. How is a corporation different from other forms of business enterprise8 nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/I# 0o%prehension Multiple 0hoice *est ;hoose the correct answer based on the text.). < = In a corporation people combine999 for a business activity.

. a venture $. a business ;. resources (. an organi+ation

/. < = corporation debt is the responsibility of the 999. . owners $. members ;. corporation itself (. founders0. < = ;orporations were first established for 999 organi+ations.

:. charitable $. religious ;. profit-oriented (. recreational1. < = 999 cannot be organi+ed into corporations. . ;ities $. ?overnment services ;. Towns (. ersonal businesses2. < = Traditionally, people lie to 999. . conduct businesses $. help one another

;. charter companies (. trade companies3. < = In the past $ritain, corporations were licensed by the 999. . companies $. the government ;. individual members (. tradition4. < = In the past D%, some corporations unfairly received 999. . rights $. obligations ;. special privileges (. a staggering burden5. < = In the modern D%, corporations must meet 999. . special privileges $. an alien concept ;. legal re#uirements (. a statute6. < = sole proprietorship is owned by 999. . a single person $. individuals ;. nobody (. its stocholders)7. < = "ne benefit of a corporation is its 999. . limited liability $. limited profit ;. failure (. debts

/II# Structural E+ercise ;hoose the correct answer.). < = They are allowed to 999 the venture any time.

. enter $. 'oining ;. leaving (. 'oined/. < = eople may incorporate 999 to form a corporation

/6


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. themselves $. each other ;. theirselves (. they0. < = The corporation has 999 from two different traditions.

. grow $. growing ;. grew (. grown1. < = eople lie conducting 999 activities.

. mutually benefit $. mutual beneficial

;. mutually beneficial (. mutual benefit2. < = corporation first 999 in :urope. . starts $. has started ;. starting (. started

3. < = 999 it gained freedom from $ritain, the D% was a $ritish colony. . fter $. $efore ;. *hen (. *hile

4. < = ;onsumer satisfaction 999 the company product is essential for its growth. . of $. to ;. with (. about

5. < = In time of crisis, 999 firms have to find ways to survive. . competition $. competing ;. compete (. to compete

6. < = corporation is different from 999 sole proprietorship. . the $. some ;. an (. a

)7. < = artnerships are easy to set up 999, there are many of them everywhere. . However $. $ecause ;. Therefore (. *hile

/III# Structural Error Identiication E+ercise;ircle , $, ;, or (, whichever is incorrect.). < = s legal body, a corporation may sue or be sued.

$ ; (/. < = ;ities incorporate themselves and behaves lie business corporations.

$ ; (0. < = The first is traditional tendency to 'oin in associations.

$ ; (1. < = ublic dissatisfaction grew because placed a heavy economic burden.

$ ; (2. < = The result be a shift toward a statute which anybody must satisfy.

$ ; (3. < =They allowed to 'oin the venture any time.

$ ; (4. < = ;ompanies have legal rights and obligations separate of their members.

$ ; (5. < = partnership belong to an association of two or more persons.

$ ; (6. < = This worldwide problem is complicate by a lac of clean water.

$ ; ()7. < = %tocholders are not legally responsible for the corporations debts.

$ ; (


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WORSHEET VIII

BUSINESS AND *HE 1RI0IN; 14LI05

)# Readin! *e+t Read and comprehend the following text.

BUSINESS AND *HE 1RI0IN; 14LI05

*hen people run a business, they may be involved in the production, distributionor exchange of a product. mong others, profit is one of the primary goals of conductinga business. ;harity organi+ations, being non-profit, do not put profit as the priority of thegoals, however.

rofit is made when the production cost is lower than the selling price of theproduct. roduction costs include many elements, such as the cost of raw materials,labour and promotion. Theoretically, profit can be increased if production costs arelowered. @owering the cost of raw materials is not always possible because they are often

beyond the business internal control. Raw materials are often provided by suppliercompanies which also attempt to mae profits. In many developing countries, the labourcost is often pushed down to the minimal, which can result in labour disputes, unrest oreven strie. !any countries have been accused of allowing sweat-shop industries, whereworers are paid so little. The motive of this policy is often to maintain thecompetitiveness of the product. In some countries, products of sweat-shop industries havebeen boycotted since low pay is considered as human exploitation.

To maximi+e the profit, therefore, a business might increase the selling price of itsproduct. This policy wors well if the product is highly demanded by consumers and asimilar product is not produced by any competing firm. It also wors well if the producthas captive buyers, those who cannot avoid the purchase. ;ertain services lie

transportation in remote places or basic services provided by the government oftenexploit their captive buyers. %imilarly, people still buy fuel no matter how expensive it isbecause it is needed for their daily transportation. The use of fuel can be economi+ed, butit cannot be completely stopped. Indonesians, for example, still buy rice though the pricehas been 27 percent increased because they can do without it.

In free-maret economy buyers have more freedom to exercise their choice inbuying goods. To survive economically, a product should be competitive. business,therefore, often lower the selling price of its product below the average price of similargoods. ricing below the maret, as it is called, is often practiced by new maret players.This strategy is needed to win a maret share in the economy. However, most companiesprice with the maret in order to maintain the profit margin without losing potentialbuyers. n established company with a strong maret share is more confident in charginga price higher the average. ricing above the maret allows a larger profit margin and thesale is still successful if the product has a good image among the public. eople still buyexpensive and luxurious cars because they are reliable and prestigious. For products ofaverage #uality, pricing above the maret is an economic suicide.

!ost companies try to get a reasonable amount of profit for their products.Therefore, they should lower the production cost and maintain the right selling price.

0)


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;hoosing the appropriate pricing policy& below, with, or above the maret, is absolute forthe sustainability of their business.II# Word Stud. *rite the suitable Indonesian translation next to each. ote that a wordmay have several meanings. Therefore, choose the one which is suitable.

). charity )). push down /). remote/. non-profit )/. result in //. fuel0. goal )0. dispute /0. no matter 1. include )1. unrest /1. economi+e2. theoretically )2. strie /2. do without3. lower )3. accuse /3. exercise4. beyond )4. sweat-shop industry /4. maret share5. internal )5. exploitation /5. confident6. control )6. competing /6. public)7. attempt /7. captive buyers 07. suicide

III# *e+t Anal.sis If you read a text, you must pay attention to the title and theorgani+ation of the text. nswer these #uestions to discover how the text is organi+ed.). $ased on the title, what is the above text about8 nswer&999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. *hy are charity organi+ations mentioned in the first paragraph8 nswer&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. *hat is the topic of the second paragraph8 nswer&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991. *hy are Indonesians mentioned in the third paragraph8 nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992. *hy are expensive and luxurious cars mentioned in the fourth paragraph8 nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

I/# Deinitions (efine the following terms based on the text.). %weat-shop industries :nglish & 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 Indonesian& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. ;aptive buyers :nglish& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 Indonesian&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. ricing below the maret :nglish& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 Indonesian & 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/# *ranslation Translate the following sentences into Indonesian.). ;harity organi+ations, being non-profit, do not put profit as the priority of the goals.

nswer&999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. Theoretically, profit can be increased if production costs are lowered. nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

0/


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0. The motive of this policy is often to maintain the competitiveness of the product. nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991. To maximi+e the profit, a business might increase the selling price of its product.

nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992. It also wors well if the product has captive buyers

nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999993. %imilarly, people still buy fuel no matter how expensive it is.nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

4. To survive economically, a product should be competitive. nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999995. This strategy is needed to win a maret share in the economy.

nswer& 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999996. For products of average #uality, pricing above the maret is an economic suicide. nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999)7. Therefore, they should lower the production cost and maintain the right selling price. nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

/I# 0o%prehension and Writin! 1ractice nswer the following #uestions in :nglish.). *hy are charity organi+ation labeled as non-profit organi+ations8 nswer&9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/. How can a company mae profit from its business8 nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999990. *hy can>t production costs be easily lowered8 nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991. *hy are products of sweat-shop industries often boycotted8 nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992. *hich people cannot avoid buying a certain product8 nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999993. *hy do people always buy fuel though it is expensive8 nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999994. !ention three pricing-policy options mentioned in the text.. nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999995. *hy do people still buy luxurious cars though they are expensive8 nswer& 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999996. *hich companies tend to price above the maret8 nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999)7.*hen is pricing above the maret an economic suicide8 nswer& 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999/II# 0o%prehension Multiple20hoice *est ;hoose the most correct answer based on the text.). < = rofit is one of the primary goals of conducting a 999.

. company $. business ;. charity organi+ation (. product /. < = roduction costs include the cost of 999, labour and promotion. . profit $. business ;. raw materials (. worers> salaries

0. < = 999 can be increased if production costs are lowered.

00


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. ;osts $. $usiness ;. %elling price (. rofit 1. < = *hat are often supplied by other companies8 . *orers $. roduction costs ;. Raw materials (. roducts 2. < = *hat can cause labour dispute8 . @abour unrest $. @abour strie ;. @ow pay (. Raw materials

3. < = n example of human exploitation is 999999 . @abour unrest $. @abour strie ;. @ow pay (. ;ompetitiveness 4. < = Indonesian people cannot do without 9999999.

. cars $. rice ;. labour strie (. price increase 5. < = In a free-maret economy people have more 99999999999 . cars $. rice ;. freedom (. buyers

6. < = @ower prices are often adopted by 9999999999 . developing countries $. new producers ;. car factories (. farmers

)7. < = good pricing policy is re#uired so that a business can 9999 . produce goods $. survive ;. decrease production costs (. get a good image

/III# Structural E+ercises ;hoose the correct answer.). < = rofit is 999 when the production cost is lower than the selling price. . mae $. made ;. maing (. to mae

/. < = rofit can be increased 999 production costs are lowered. . if $. so ;. unless (. until

0. < = Raw materials are often provided 999 supplier companies. . for $. by ;. to (. because of

1. < = ;ertain products are 999 demanded by consumers.. very $. many ;. very much (. rare

2. < = The use of fuel can be economi+ed 999 it cannot be completely stopped. . before $. though ;. so (. after

3. < = To survive economically, products should 999 competitive.. must be $. remain be ;. be (. been

4. < = ricing below the maret has often 999 practiced by new maret players. . is called $. be ;. been (. had

5. < = This strategy is needed 999 win a maret share in the economy. . in order to $. so that ;. for (. in order that

6. < = ricing above the maret 999 a larger profit margin . brings $. bring ;. bringing (. to bring

)7. < = @ow can 999 labour disputes . to result from $. resulting in ;. resulted in (. result in


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1engantar/ahasa )nggris adalah bahasa yang mudah0 apalagi banya2 2esamaanya dengan

bahasa )ndonesia* Kosa 2ata bahasa )nggris 3uga banya2 dipin3am atau begitu sa3a

dipa2ai dalam bahasa )ndonesia* )ni memudah2an 2ita memahami bahasa )nggris* Kata4

2ata seperti efisien" efektif" a#strak" konkrit" aset" lia#ilitas dan lain4lain0 biasa 2ita

3umpai dalam bahasa )ndonesia* &da banya2 2ata yang sudah berubah ma2na maupunbentu2nya0 tetapi biasanya masih bisa 2ita laca2* Kalau ta2 ya2in0 seyogyanya 2ita

mengguna2an 2amus* Kata yang lazim dipa2ai sehari4hari mung2in cu2up !""" 2ata0

dan dengan 5""" 2ata 2omuni2asi ilmiah sudah dapat ber3alan dengan bai2* 6alammemahami bacaan0 2ita berusaha untu2 memahami 2ata sebanya2 mung2in 2arena

dalam bahasa )nggris ma2na bahasa sangat banya2 didominasi oleh ma2na 2ata*

$elain 2osa 2ata0 2ita perlu mencermati unsur4unsur tatabahasa beri2ut ini:!* 7rutan frasa dalam 2alimat mirip dengan bahasa )ndonesia0 yaitu: $ub3e2 8

1redi2at 8 9b3e2 8 Keterangan* 1erhati2an contoh beri2ut:

The $ana%er decided to install ten co$pters in the office*

$ub3e2 1redi2at 9b3e2 Keterangan 'anager memutus2an untu2 memasang sepuluh 2omputer di 2antor*

* 7rutan 2ata dalam frasa benda ber2ebali2an dengan bahasa )ndonesia* 6alam

bahasa )ndonesia0 2eterangan selalu di bela2ang* 6alam bahasa )nggris0 2eteranganbisa di depan dan bisa di bela2ang* 1erhati2an contoh beri2ut:

i$portant econo$ic issesmasalah4masalah e2onomi %yang. penting

/ila 2eterangan di depan biasanya diantar2an oleh 2ata depan atau beru3ut 2lausa*

the isses in the $eetin% masalah4masalah dalam pertemuan itu

the isse that he $entioned masalah yang ia sebut2an

5* Kita harus mewaspadai bentu2 pasif 2arena ma2nanya sangat berbeda dengan bentu2a2tifnya* /entu2 pasif dalam bahasa )nggris ditandai dengan bentu2 2ata 2er3a yangdalam bentu2 2etiga %past participle&dan0 bila dalam 2lausa0 diantar2an dengan bentu2

2ata 2er3a to #e'1ela2u0 2alau ada0 diantar2an oleh 2ata depan #y'

The secretary sent the !orker to the director'

$e2retaris mengirim pe2er3a itu 2epada dire2tur*

%$e2retaris menyuruh pe2er3a itu menghadap dire2tur*.

The secretary !as sent #y the !orker to the director'

$e2retaris di2irim pe2er3a itu 2epada dire2tur*

%$e2retaris disuruh pe2er3a itu menghadap dire2tur*.

;* 6alam memahami bacaan 2ita 3uga perlu memahami organisasi gagasan dalam

suatu nas2ah* Konsep42onsep ilmiah biasanya diantar2an dengan definisi0 pen3elasan0dan contoh* $etiap alinea memili2i gagasan dasar yang di2embang2an dalam alinea

tersebut* 1erpindahan gagasan dila2u2an dengan runtut dan logis*

Kita perlu 3uga mencermati 2ata42ata sambung yang menghubung2an gagasan satudengan lainnya* Kata sambung #ecase menyata2an hubungan sebab4a2ibat* Kata

sambung altho%h menyata2an gagasan yang bertentangan* Kata hubung si$ilarlymenyata2an gagasan yang serupa* Kadang42adang gagasan 3uga dirinci dengan 2ata42ata sepertifirst" second" then"danfinally'

02


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&2hirnya0 bahasa bagi 2ita merupa2an alat* Kita a2an fasih dan lancar

mengguna2annya bila 2ita ra3in mengguna2annya*

1enyunting

READIN; E3ER0ISES IN

E04N4MI0S AND BUSINESS

4LEH

FRAN0IS B4R;IAS ALI1 4HANES BA1*IS*A ;UNAWAN

LINDA /ALEN*INA BUDIMAN

SE$4LAH *IN;;I ILMU E$4N4MI 5$1N

54;5A$AR*A

03


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SILABUS 1ER$ULIAHAN BAHASA IN;;RIS II. %emesterCumlah %O% & %emester IC / %O%II. enga'ar& (r. Fr. $. lip, !.d, !.., (r. F.B. %iswadi, !..,

%cholastia *edowati, %.d, !.Hum., (ewi *idiastuti, %.d., !.Hum %eso %aragih Hompura'a, %.%., !.Hum., Aeronica *idi, %.d., !.Hum,. diastialami Retno utri, %.d., !.Hum.II. Tes *a'ib& lip, Fr. $.


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!inggu IB& %tandardi+ed Test :xercisesJ @istening ost-Test

ykpn inggris 1 business and human welfare kelas.doc

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