yk centrifugal chillers

YK - Centrifugal Chiller


JCI M.E2

Refer to Training Agenda on a Separate Sheets

Topics :


JCI M.E3

Centrifugal Chiller

YK chillers are designed and built within an EN ISO 9001 accredited design and manufacturing organization and, within the limits specified in conformity with the essential health and safety requirements of the

Moving & Installation Pressurized System A.C & D.C Electrical Voltage

Be careful when working on:Safety

JCI M.E4

health and safety requirements of the following European Union Directives:

Machinery Directive (89/392/EEC)

Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC, EN 60204)

EMC Directive (89/336/EEC)

A.C & D.C Electrical Voltage and Charges. Earth connection. Rotating Parts Sharp Edges parts High Temperature parts Refrigerant. Refrigerant Oil. etc.

Were All at Different Levels


Let Me Tell You About Myself

Three Laws from Science Class

Matter

Can Not be Created or Destroyed


Matter being (Heat Energy)

Warm Place to a Cool Place

Vapor Density

Changes with Pressure

Heat Flows Down Hill


From a Warm Place to a Cold Place

Vapor Pressure

1 lb 1 lb

100 psig

50 psig

1 lb

R-22

1 lb

R-22

The pressure that a gas exerts on the walls of its container is determined by the momentum of the atoms and molecules of the gas, which in turn is determined by the temperature. As the temperature increases the atoms and molecules move faster, and so exert a greater pressure on the walls.

Charlies Law

the walls.

If the volume of a container is increased, the pressure decreases.

If the volume of a container is decreased, the pressure increases.

Why?

Suppose the volume is increased. This means gas

Boyles Law

Suppose the volume is increased. This means gas molecules have farther to go and they will impact the container walls less often per unit time. This means the gas pressure will be less because there are less molecule impacts per unit time.

If the volume is decreased, the gas molecules have a shorter distance to go, thus striking the walls more often per unit time. This results in pressure being increased because there are more molecule impacts per unit time.

What is Refrigeration ?

Refrigeration is....

Johnson Controls11

Cooling by the Removal of HEAT.

Unfortunately We Must Learn

Some

TERMSConduction

Specific Heat

BTUs

Change of StateConduction

Convection

Radiation

Change of State

Sensible Heat

Latent Heat

Heat Flows 3 Ways

1. Conduction

2. Convection

3. RadiationALL Three Take Place Within A Cooling System

Conduction:

Is the transfer of heat between the closely between the closely packed molecules of a SOLID substance

Convection:

Is the transfer of heat by motion of the heated motion of the heated material itself and is limited to a LIQUID or GAS

Radiation:

Is the transfer of heat by waves similar to light or waves similar to light or sound; Traveling in a straight path without heating the intervening matter of air.

The Ice Tea Absorbs the HeatThe Ice Tea Absorbs the Heat

Heat Flows Down Hill

From a Warm Place to a Cold Place

The Same Theory Applies

55 entering air absorbs the the 75the the 75room air.

Specific Heat:

Is the quantity of heat (in BTUs) required to change BTUs) required to change the temperature of 1lb of a substance 1 F .

BTU: (British Thermal Unit)

Is the amount of heat necessary to change the necessary to change the temperature of 1lb of water 1 F .

Therefore making the SPECIFIC HEAT of WATER equal t o 1

Sensible Heat:

The heat that can be felt or measured. The heat that measured. The heat that causes a change in temperature, but NOT a change in STATE.

Latent Heat: (Hidden Heat)

The heat required to change a substance change a substance STATE (solid to liquid; liquid to vapor) without changing its temperature.

Specific Heat:

Ice = 0.50

Water = 1.00 Water = 1.00

Steam = 0.48

Water Boils @ 212

1 BTU for every 1 Increase in Temperature

Only a 1 To 1 Ratio

Change in State

Over a 900 to 1 Over a 900 to 1 RatioRatio

Never Increased Never Increased the Temperaturethe Temperature

R-22Boils @ -44 degrees

Thats COLD ! ! !

We would like to see something around

R 134a Boils @ -15 degrees

We would like to see something around

45-50 degrees

Solution ??????

The Pressure Cooker

Boiling Pointsfor

BOILING TEMPERATURE OF WATER AT VARIOUS COMPARATIV E PRESSURES

TEMPERATURE 0F INCHES/MERCURY MICRONS

212 0 759,990205 3.921 660,400200 6.451 596,140195 8.771 537,210190 10.904 483,030185 12.851 433,580180 14.626 388,490175 16.245 347,370170 17.718 309,960165 19.054 276,020160 20.265 245,250155 21.36 217,440150 22.348 192,350145 22.238 169,750140 24.037 149,460

forWater

60 29.399 13,25055 29.485 11,07050 29.599 9,20045 29.621 7,63040 29.673 6,29035 29.718 5,17030 29.757 4,18025 29.791 3,31020 29.818 2,61015 29.848 2,05010 29.858 1,6005 29.872 1,2400 29.883 960-5 29.892 730-15 29.904 420-25 29.912 240-35 29.916 127-60 29.920 25.4-70 29.9705 12.7-90 29.9209 2.54

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Pressure

Pressure - Enthalpy ChartPressure - Enthalpy Chart

Enthalpy

Pressure


Enthalpy

Heat Content(BTU / lb.)

Pressure


Enthalpy

Pressure


Enthalpy

Liquid - VaporMix

Pressure


Enthalpy

Pressure


Enthalpy

100% Liquid

Pressure


Enthalpy

Pressure


Enthalpy

100% Vapor

Pressure


Enthalpy

Pressure


Enthalpy

20% Liquid 80% Vapor

Pressure


Enthalpy

Pressure


Enthalpy

Evaporator

Pressure


Enthalpy

Evaporator

Refrigerant absorbs heat from load

Pressure


Enthalpy

Evaporator

Net Refrigeration Effect

Pressure


Enthalpy

Compressor

Pressure


Enthalpy

CompressorHead Pressure

Pressure


Refrigerant rejects heat to atmosphere

Enthalpy

Condenser

Pressure


Enthalpy

Metering Device

Pressure


Enthalpy

- Thermal expansionvalve

- Orifice

Metering Device

Pressure


Condenser

Enthalpy

Evaporator

CompressorMetering Device

Pressure


Condenser

Refrigerant rejects heat to atmosphere

Enthalpy

Evaporator

CompressorMetering Device

Refrigerant absorbs heat from load

Pressure


Enthalpy

Pressure


85

Enthalpy

95

54

4444

Pressure


85

Enthalpy

95

44

54

44

54

Pressure


85

Enthalpy

95

44

54

Pressure


85

Enthalpy

44

54

95

Pressure


85

Cooling Tower

Enthalpy

44

54

95

Pressure


85

Cooling Tower

Enthalpy

95

44

54

Pressure


Enthalpy

Pressure


Adding a subcooler

Refrigeration

Effect

Enthalpy

Adding a subcooler

Pressure


Adding a subcooler

Refrigeration

Effect

Enthalpy

Adding a subcooler

Increases refrigeration effect

Pressure


Adding a subcooler

Refrigeration

Effect

Enthalpy

Adding a subcooler

Increases refrigeration effect

Increases energy efficiency

Head PressureHead Pressure

Pressure

Enthalpy

Condenser

Pressure


Evaporator

Compressor

Enthalpy

Condenser

Pressure


Head Pressure

Evaporator

Compressor

Enthalpy

Lowering condenser Lowering condenser water temperaturewater temperature

Condenser

Pressure


Evaporator

Compressor

Enthalpy

Head Pressure

Lowering condenser Lowering condenser water temperaturewater temperature

Condenser

Pressure


Lowers head Lowers head pressurepressure

Evaporator

Compressor

Enthalpy

Head Pressure

Lowering condenser Lowering condenser water temperaturewater temperaturePressure



Head Pressure

Evaporator

Compressor

Condenser

Enthalpy

Lowering condenser Lowering condenser water temperaturewater temperaturePressure



Evaporator

Compressor

Condenser

Enthalpy

Head Pressure

Lowering condenser water Lowering condenser water temperaturetemperature

Lowers head pressureLowers head pressure

Pressure


Reduces compressorReduces compressorworkwork

Reduces energyReduces energyconsumptionconsumption

Evaporator

Compressor

Condenser

Enthalpy

Head Pressure

SAT DISCH = 100FPRE

138.8

Operation Theory -Lift

LIFT = 60F

SAT SUCT = 40F4038F

ESSURE

PSIA ENTHALPY Btu/lb

49.7

Intersection of Discharge Temp and Condenser Pressure

Intersection of Discharge Temp and Condenser Pressure

Net Refrigeration

Effect

Flashgas

Reduced Flash Gas with lower Condenser Temps

Net Refrigeration

Effect Extra BTUs Absorbed

Two Stages with Intercooling

Single Stage Cycle

SUBCOOLING

PR SAT

ENTHALPY

RESSURE

SATLIQUID

SATVAPOR

Refrigeration Effect

Two Stage Cycle

SUBCOOLING

PR SAT

ENTHALPY

RESSURE

SATLIQUID

SATVAPOR

Refrigeration Effect

Why Do We Need Chillers ?

To Remove unwanted Heat From a Certain Area to

an Area where we do not care if its heated . i.e. the an Area where we do not care if its heated . i.e. the

outside of the building

Centrifugal Chiller

Why do we need Centrifugal chiller?

o Reciprocating compressors use in high and medium pressure ( High LIFT )with low and medium current flow.

o Centrifugal compressors use in low and medium pressure ( Low LIFT ) and

JCI M.E99

high current flow.

o In a place which we need high refrigerant flow ( High capacity ) with medium pressure ( Low LIFT ) we should use centrifugal compressor.

o Centrifugal compressors (non-positive displacement) have a fixed amount of lift for a given set of operating conditions.

Centrifugal Chiller

Compressor Types :

Positive Displacement ( Recip , screw )

Non Positive Displacement , Centrifugal (Dynamic)

Positive displacement compressors use a piston or other device to reduce the

volume of refrigerant vapor in a compressor chamber. PROCESS:

Power is applied

Chamber volume is reduced

JCI M.E100

Chamber volume is reduced

Refrigerant pressure is increased

Centrifugal Chiller

Positive Displacement Operating Characteristics

Lift

JCI M.E101

Capacity

It means : By increase the LIFT the Capacity will decrease.

Centrifugal Chiller

In Positive Displacement compressors ,Compression chamber reduces in volume to compress gas ( LIFT up )

Unlimited lift

Limited Capacity

ScrewReciprocatingScroll

JCI M.E102

ScrewReciprocatingScroll

Compressor Designs

Reciprocating Screw Centrifugal

Head Variable Variable Fixed

Volume Fixed Fixed Variable

Volume Capacity Low Medium High

Volume flow up to 1000 m3/hr up to 600 CFM

120 7,000 m 3/hr 70 4,000 CFM

700 42,000 m 3/hr 400 25,000 CFM

to 250 kW 40 1,500 kW 200 11,000 kW

JCI M.E103

Driver power to 250 kW to 350 HP

40 1,500 kW 50 2,000 HP

200 11,000 kW 300 15,000 HP

Pumping action

Reciprocating Rotary Rotary

Pressure Ratio 10:1 depends on

refrigerant 20:1 3.5:1 per stage

Min suction temperature

-76F -60C

-76F -60C

-240F -150C

Max discharge pressure

350 psig 24 barg

350 psig 24 barg

600 psig 41 barg

Capacity Control Step Control Variable Variable

Compressor Designs

Centrifugal Rotary Screw Reciprocating

Head Fixed Variable Variable

Volume Variable Fixed Fixed

Volume Capacity High Medium Low

JCI M.E104

Range (CFM) 1,000-25,000 70 4,000 25 600

Power (HP) 300 10,000 50 2,000 30 - 350

Motion Rotary Rotary Reciprocating

Control InfinitelyVariable

Variable Step Control

What the chiller codes tell us (Nomenclature)?

YK CB CB G4 5 CM E S

YK Model ( centrifugal)

CB Cooler code

CB Condenser code

G4 Compressor code

JCI M.E105

5 Frequency

CM Motor code

E Design level

S Special Code

system component

JCI M.E106

system component (Front side)

JCI M.E107

system component (Rear side)

JCI M.E108

Location

YK -- chiller

600 mm Rear view

4900 OR 4275 mm 4900 OR 4275 mm

Minimum Requirement area, with room temperatures range from 4.4C to 43.3C.

JCI M.E109

YK -- chiller

900 mm - Font view

Installation, Piping

Cooler connections

Condenser connections

Refrigerant Relief Valve connection

Oil return pips ( only for Dismantled unites)

Water stop valve ( condenser, cooler)

JCI M.E110

Water Flow switches OR Pressure differential controller

Drain & vent Valve on ( condenser, cooler) water connections

Air vent

Water Box ( will discuss in Evaporator Slides)

Motor cooler

Piping

Schematic of a typical Piping connection

JCI M.E111

CondenserCondenser

Cooling Tower

JCI M.E112

EvaporatorEvaporator

CoilCoil

CondenserCondenser

Cooling Tower

JCI M.E113


CoilCoil

44

CondenserCondenser

Cooling Tower

JCI M.E114


CoilCoil

44

7255

CondenserCondenser

Cooling Tower

JCI M.E115


CoilCoil

4454

7255

CondenserCondenser

Cooling Tower

4137

JCI M.E116


CoilCoil

4454

7255

4137

CondenserCondenser

Cooling Tower 95

JCI M.E117


CoilCoil

4454

7255

4137

CondenserCondenser

Cooling Tower

9585

4137

JCI M.E118


CoilCoil

4454

7255

4137

CondenserCondenser

Cooling Tower

9585

37

12486

JCI M.E119


CoilCoil

4454

7255

4137

CondenserCondenser

Cooling Tower

9585

37

12486Refrigerant Loop

JCI M.E120


CoilCoil

4454

7255

4137Loop

Centrifugal ChillerCentrifugal Chiller

How does it Work!

JCI M.E121

YK CENTRIFUGAL CHILLERS

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CYK CENTRIFUGAL CHILLERS

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yk centrifugal chillers

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