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3

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4

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5

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&JabmfaiG(ac:) &Jabmf r=unfav; a&;wJh t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf [m u|efawmf wkd@eJ@ aemifvmaemufom;rsm; avhvmoifhwJhpmtkyfaumif; wtkyfyg? 'Dpmtkyf&J@ yxrykdif;rSmyif orkdif;qkdif&m rSwfwrf;rSwf&m 2 ykdif; awG@&ygw,f? yxr wcku &Jabmfr=unfav;&J@ukd,fa&;rSwfwrf;ozG,f trsdK;orD;vGwfajrmufa&; b0wkdfufyGJ tcsuftvufawG[m wu,fhjzpf&yfawG yg? u|efawmfwkd@ wkdif;jynfutrsdK;orD;rsm; }uHKawG@&wJh b0wl jzpf&yfawGyg? 'kwd,tcsufu yJcl;±kd;r A[kd tajccHa'o&J@ 1949 - 50 - 51 umvawGuwu,fhjzpf&yfawGukd rSwfwrf;ozG,f tawmfpHkpHkvifvif a&;xm;wm awG@&ygw,f? yJcl;±kd;r&J@ tJ'Dumv jzpf&yfawGukd rSwfwrf;jyKpkxm;wmu|efawmfwkd@ygwDrSm tvGefenf;ygw,f? 'ga=umifh aemifcgrSm aemufqufwGJ rSwf wrf;a&;+yD; xyfrHjznfhpGufEkdif&if tvGefyif wefzkd;}uD;ygvdrfhr,f?

&JabmfaiG(r=unfav;)ukd u|efawmf pwifod&Sdwm 50 ck/ atmufwkdbm vavmufrSmyg? yJcl;±kd;r&J@ “A[kdjynfol@obif”tzGJ@rSmolwm0ef,lpuyif pwif odu|rf; pjyKygw,f? tJ'Dwkef;u u|efawmfhZeD;(a[mif;) a':cif0if;u A[kdwyfaygif;pk Xme vufESdyfpuform;yg?olwkd@csif; tawmfcif=uygw,f? 'ga=umifh u|efawmfeJ@ (waphwapmif;) odu|rf;olvkdvkd jzpfvmw,f? 1973 ck/ u|efawmfu oHvGifjrpftaemufjcrf; n¸ef=um;a&;tzGJ@ wm0efcH? tJ'DtcsdefrSm &Jabmfr=unfav;(&JabmfaiG trnfeJ@) a&mufvmw,f? u|efawmfhtwGufawmhcifrifol &Jabmfa[mif;wOD; xyfwkd; vmwmaygh? (trsdK;orD;b0 vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf tm;xm;&olvkd@ cHpm;csuf &Sdwm uwa=umif;/yJcl;±dl;r tajccHa'orSm tcuftcJxJu b0wl &Jabmfa[mif;wOD;vkd@ cH,lxm;wmuwa=umif; cifrifolwOD; obm0usus jzpfvmygw,f?)

trsdK;orD;b0 vGwfajrmufa&;wkd fufyGJqkdwm awmfvSefa&;b0twGif;u ta&;}uD;wJh vkyfief;wm0efw&yfyg? Armjynfvlr_b0twGif; a,mufsm;rsm;xuf trsdK;orD;rsm;[m zdESdyfcH&r_ ykdygw,f? OuUÏarmfu “jynfoltm;vHk; [m awmif}uD; 3 vHk;&J@ zdESdyfr_cHae&w,f? trsdK;orD;rsm;uawmh tpOftvma[mif;/ "avh a[mif;jzpfwJh tz}uD;pdk;wJhpepf a,mufsm;}uD;0g'/ usm; - r wef;rwlr_trsdK;rsdK;&J@ zdESdyfr_qkdwJh awmif}uD;wvHk;&J@ zdESdyfr_ukd xyfrHcH&w,f”vkd@ ajymcJhwm[m Armjynf&J@ wu,fh±kyfb0twGif;vnf; rSefuefa=umif;om"u jyvsuf&Sdygw,f?

"avha[mif ; (acwfv,fpep fr sm;)& J @ z dE S dy fr _[m vl @tzG J @tpnf;twGi f ;om ys H @E S H @euf± _ di f ;aewmomruArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtwGif;rSmawmif pGJuyfaewJh acwf aemufuswJh tawG;tac:w&yfyg? Oyrm - awmfvSefa&; twGif;rSmyif {nfhonfvm&if trsdK;om;&Jabmfrsm;u pum;vufqHk ajym=u+yD;/ trsdK;orD;&Jabmfrsm;u {nfhjyK pkol vkyfavhvkyfx jzpfcJhwm awG@&w,f? awmfvSefa&;b0tdrfaxmifawGxJrSm vnf; tdrfr_udpP trsm;ykdif;ukd &JabmfZeD;onfu wm0ef,lavh&Sd+yD; tdrfr_udpPawGukd vkyfwJh usm;[m (usm;ryDovkd@awmif)oa&mf=uwm awG@&ygw,f?

'ghjyif ArmjynfrSm trsdK;orD;rsm; EkdifiHa&;vkyfcGifh pwifwm[m 20 &mpk tprSmqkdawmh &mpkESpf0ufausmfavmufom &Sdao;wmrkd@EkdifiHa&;vkyfwJh trsdK;orD;u tenf;pkyg? (tusifhr&ao;wJh oabmyg?) 'ga=umifh EkdifiHa&;vkyfwJh trsdK;orD; awG[m txifvGJr_trsdK;rsdK;cH=u&ygw,f? Oyrm - vlxkpnf;±Hk;a&;qif;&if usm;&Jabmfu trsm;pk/ trsdK;orD;u tenf;pkqkdawmh wcsdK@ ygwDukd axmufcHwJh&Gmrsm;rSmyif&Jabmfr rsm;ukd ysHv$m;rawGvkd@ ajymwm u|efawmfukd,fwkdif aqG;aEG;ynmay;&wm t}udrf tcsdK@ &SdcJhzl;w,f? olwkd@ajymwmu “ysHv$m;rawG'Dae@ 'D&JabmfeJ@ wGJvkduf? aemufae@ rSm wjcm; &JabmfeJ@ wGJvkduf”wJh? tJ'g txifvGJcH&r_ wrsdK;yg?

aemuf wrsdK;u awmfvSef a&;xJrSm &Jabmfu trsm;pk? &Jabmfr˜u tvGef tenf;pk? vl@ obm0t& 0kdif;ydk;=uw,f?cspfa&;qkd=uw,f? pmjyefzkd@yif cufcJygw,f? pmrjyef&if 'grSr[kwf av;av;pm;pm; oabmxm;eJ@ pmjyef&if }udK;&Snf&SnfeJ@ vSef w,fvkd@tajymcH &ygw,f? pdwfr&Snfawmhvkd@ cwfjywfjywfa&;&if rme}uD;w,f? ±kdif;pkdif;w,f vkd@ tajym cH&jyefw,f? 'grsdK;uvnf; rjywf}uHK&wJhtrsdK;orD;rsm;&J@ 'kuQwckygyJ?

yJcl;±kd;r&J@ tajccHa'ota=umif; (t&ifjynfol@ tm%m*sme,frsm;rSm) tenf;tusOf; zwfzl;rSwfzl;ygw,f? u|efawmf[m yJcl;±kd;rtajccHa'orSm 8-v avmuf ppfwkdufcJhzl;ygw,f? tJ'Dumvu u|efawmfwkd@ygwD - wyf- wyfaygif;pk tm;}uD;+yD; &efolukd &efukeftpkd;&vkd@ac:ae&wJh tajctaeyg? +rdK@}uD;trsm;pk - a&vrf; - oHvrf; - um;vrf; ykd@aqmifa&; ,EW&m; trsm;pkukd awmfvSefa&; tiftm; pkawGuukdifxm;wmyg? 'Dvkdtm;}uD;wJh tajctaerSm yJcl;±kd;rrSm &SdwJh wyfawG iwfjywf 'kuQcH&wm[m u|efawmf wOD;csif;tjrift& ajym&&ifygwDA[kd&J@ tawG@ t}uHK Eke,fr_awGa=umifhvkd@ xifygw,f?

tJ'Dwkef;u ygwDA[kd[m ygwDeJ@wyfwnfaqmufa&;ukd t"du aomhcsuf tjzpf rxm;bJ/ ygwDwGif; tawG;tac: rSefuefa&;ukdtav;rxm;bJ vkyfief; trsdK;rsdK;rSm Asmrsm;aewmyg? ygwDu tm;}uD;vmawmh rme}uD;vmwmvnf; ygw,f? ygwDuGef*&ufvnf; rac:/wyfaygif;pkaqG;aEG;yGJukd t"duxm;vkyfaew,fvkd@yJ jyef vnfowdxm;vmrdw,f? 3 ygwD wyfaygif;pk (ygwD/ jynfol@&Jabmf/ tvHeD) aqG;aEG;yGJawGrSm tcsdefukefaecJhw,f? 'Daemuf 2 ygwD(tvHeD/ Auy) aqG;aEG;yGJawGrSm tcsdef ukef&jyefw,f? rdrdygwD tawG;tac:rrSefbJtvkyfawGukdom oJoJrJrJ av#mufvkyfaeawmh wvGJawGrsm;+yD; yËdyuQawGu wkd;vkd@omvmygw,f?

ppfa&;rSmvnf; tJ'DumvtwGif; vuf0J - vufsm trSm; 2 rsdK;vHk; awG@& w,f? tJ'DumvrSm +rdK@awGay:u qkwfay;&yHk[mu|efawmfhb0twGif; cHpm;csuf raumif;wJh udpP}uD;wckyg? 'ga=umifh acgif;aqmif &JabmfawGu wa,muf+yD; w a,muf vma&mufaqG;aEG;=uygw,f? ‘OuUÏarmf’ ‘,iftef’u qkwfay;+yD; &efol@ wyfukd acsr_ef;cJhwJh Zmwfvrf;ukd xyfcg xyfcg &Sif;jy=uw,f?

6

wu,fhvufawG@u ajym&if ‘,iftef’u qkwfay;+yD; &efoltrsm;ukd owfuGif;xJ oGif;acsr_ef;awmh ‘,if tef’vnf; jyef&w,f?u|efawmfwkd@uawmh wqkwfwnf;qkwf+yD; b,f+rdK@rS jyefr&yg? +rdK@ukd taoukdifwmrsdK;[m rSm;,Gif;ovkd tvG,fwul vufv$wfwm

rSm;ygw,f? wifhum; awG/ tajrmufawG/ puf}uD;awG/ cJ,rf;awGukdvnf; wefjyefxkd;ppftwGuf qkd+yD;t0Suf ckdfif;ygw,f? 'kwd, urBmppfrSm‘&Jabmfpwmvif’ usifhoHk;ovkd wefjyef xkd;ppfusrS oHk;r,fvkd@ ajymygw,f? vufawG@rSmawmh e,fajrawGuvnf; wqkwfwnf; qkwfay;&awmh vufeuf}uD;awG cJ,rf;awG rwkduf&bJ qHk;ukefwm awG@&w,f? “e,fajr odrf;a&; t"du r[kwf/ acsr_efa&; t"du”qkd+yD;we,f+yD;we,f vufv$wfcJh&w,f? wu,fu rdrda'oukd xkd;vmwJh &efolukd wm;qD;wkdufckdufa&;eJ@ 0kdif;ywfacsr_ef;a&; aoaocsmcsmvkyfwwf&if (u|efawmfwkd@[m e,fajr us,fus,f}uD; ukdifxm;/ rdrd u|rf;usif&m yx0Dqkdawmh) tustqHk; enf;enf;eJ@ wkdufuGufawGazmfEkdifw,f? tJ'Dumv vufawG@vkyfyHkuawmh enf;enf;wkdufvkduf qkwfay;vkduf? &efol aemufykdif;oGm;+yD; csHKckdwkdfufvkduf? wqkwfwnf;qkwfay;&wJhyHk jzpfoGm;awmhw,f?

+rdK@awGtm;vHk;ukefawmh +rdK@u &efol@pcef;ukd wkdufckdif;wmeJ@ um;vrf; csHKckdwkdufckdif;wmukd wyf&if;awG tvSnfhus wkdufckdif;w,f?wyftiftm;}uD;}uD; pk+yD; wkdufuGufazmfwmvnf; aoaocsmcsm rpDpOf=u? u|efawmfwkd@ awG@}uHK&wmuawmh &efol@pcef;awG wkdufwm[m(rdrdu ,m,Dpcef; odrf;EkdifOD;) tustqHk; rsm;w,f? usnftm; jzKef;wmvnf; rsm;w,f? ('ga=umifh u|efawmfwkd@ ta&S@ajrmuf ppfa'oa&mufawmh pcef;ukd0dkif;+yD; &efol@wyful wkdufenf;(acsr_ef;enf;)ukd t"du usifhoHk; cJhw,f?)

tJ'Dumvu 2 ESpftwGif; ppfEkdifa&;qkdwm A[kdqHk;jzwfcsuf r[kwfbl;vkd@ ajymygw,f? 'gayr,fh u|efawmfwkd@ wyfawGukdA[kdacgif;aqmifrsm; v_H@aqmfwmuawmh aocsmw,f? A[kdjynfol@obif tzGJ@u oDcsif;awGvnf; t+rJ =um;ae wmyJ? wyfr}uD; 1 rSmwvwyGJwkdufzkd@ pDrHudef;cswm wu,f&SdcJhwmyg? yxr v,fa0; wkdufckdif;w,f? 'DyGJawGEkdif&if ysOf;rem;ukd odrf;r,fvkd@ ajym=uwmyg?wu,fhvufawG@ wkdufwJhtcgrSmvnf; wyftiftm;pk+yD; omvGefwJhenf;eJ@ wkdufuGufazmfwm r[kwf yg? wyf&if;awGvkduf tvSnfhuswkdufckdif;enf; vkyfcJhw,f? u|efawmfwkd@ ppfwkdufwJh yGJawGrSm b,facgif;aqmifrSvnf; rvm=uyg? (wyfr[mrª; awmif ryg˜yg)?

v,fa0;wkdufyGJ 2 yGJ? vrf;ysOf;rem; wyGJ(+rdK@uav;awGukd 0ifwkdufwJhyGJ) ratmifjrifawmh “&efol v_yf&Sm;pOfwkduf”“&efol v_yf&Sm;pOfwkduf”“&efol v_yf&Sm;pOfwkduf”“&efol v_yf&Sm;pOfwkduf”“&efol v_yf&Sm;pOfwkduf” qkd+yD;um;vrf;(&efol)ukd csHKckdwkdufyGJawG vkyfckdif;ygw,f? 'gvnf; tiftm;pk+yD; aoaocsmcsm wkdufuGuf azmfwmaoaocsmcsm wkdufuGuf azmfwmaoaocsmcsm wkdufuGuf azmfwmaoaocsmcsm wkdufuGuf azmfwmaoaocsmcsm wkdufuGuf azmfwm r[kwfyg? wyf&if;awGyJtvSnfhuswkdufckdif;ygw,f? u|efawmfwkd@ wyf&if;awGu oGm;wkduf =uwJhtcg &efoloGm;aeus um;vrf;ab;rSm vmwwfwmukdvmwwfwmukdvmwwfwmukdvmwwfwmukdvmwwfwmukdrSef;qwGufcsuf apmi fh} udKwkdufyGJrsdKrSef;qwGufcsuf apmi fh} udKwkdufyGJrsdKrSef;qwGufcsuf apmi fh} udKwkdufyGJrsdKrSef;qwGufcsuf apmi fh} udKwkdufyGJrsdKrSef;qwGufcsuf apmi fh} udKwkdufyGJrsdK; om vkyfavhvkyfx &SdcJhw,f? &efolrkcs v_yf&Sm;vmatmif zdtm;ay;/ v_yf&Sm;vmwJh &efolukd wkdufwJhenf;r[kwfyg? (Oyrm - pcef;0kdif;+yD; zdtm;ay;/ &efol wyfulvm&m vrf;ukd wkdufuGufazmfwmrsdK; r[kwfyg? &efol@ydk@aqmifa&;vrf;ukd wyftcsdK@uukdifxm;+yD; wyfwcsdK@u v_yf&Sm;vmwJh &efolukd wkdufwmrsdK;vnf; r[kwf cJhyg?)

ppfwkduf&if &efol@owif;qkdif&m ykdufuGefaumif;aumif; wnfaqmuf&r,f? wduswJhowif;tcsuf&Sd&if csHKckdwkdufyGJ[m(eD;&mwyfoHk;+yD;) wkduf&if tusdK;&Sd wwfyg w,f? rSef;qwGufcsuf apmifh}udKwkdufenf;rsdK; rvkyfwm taumif;qHk;yg? “rykdif&if rwkdufeJ@”qkdwJhppfa&;vrf;n¸efukd qkyfukdifoifhw,f? (u|efawmf yJcl;±kd;r aepOfu cHpm;csufukd jyefvnfowd&vkd@ tvsOf;oifhwmeJ@ a&;vkdufrdwmyg)?

&JabmfaiGu 3 vGef;wif/ 2 vGef;wif xrif;ta=umif;ajymawmh 'Dumv A[kdtajccHa'orSm aecJh=u&wJh &Jabmftm;vHk;twlcHpm;&wJh 'kuQyg? tJ'Dwkef;u usnfawmifuef+rdK@e,fu xrif;xkyfudk v,fa0;taemufjcrf;avmuftxd o,f au|;&wmrsdK;jzpfcJhawmhreufpm nrS a&mufw,f? xrif;[if;wcsdK@u okd;ukefw,f? wcsdK@&ufawG weyfompm;vkduf&w,f? au'gawG/ ygwD0ifawG pHjyvkyfjy=uzkd@u|efawmfwkd@u ae@wkdif;v_H@aqmf&w,f? au'gtrsm;pk[m ukd,fa&mifa&m*g/ 0rf;ukduf a&m*g/ iSufzsm;a&m*g pGJ=uw,f? wcsdK@usqHk;ukefw,f?u|efawmf i,fpOfu usef;rm a&; vkdufpm;olyg? v,fa0;a'o a&muf+yD; 3 vavmuft=umrSm a&m*g 3 rsdK;vHk; pGJuyfcJhw,f? 6vavmuf=umawmh tqkyfa&m*gyg &vmawmhw,f? 'Da&m*gawGukd w±kwfjynf ynmawmfoif a&mufrS ukoaysmufuif; oGm;ygw,f?tpmtdrfa&m*geJ@ iSufzsm;'%fa=umifh qHyif u|wfwmuawmh &moufyef tarGtjzpf usef&pfqJyg?

ysOf;rem;c±kdif vlxk[m tvGefaumif;ygw,f? c±kdifygwDuvnf; tvGef pnf;±Hk;a&; aumif;ygw,f? Oya'wGif; umvwkef;uygwD&J@ v$wfawmftrwf 7-OD;xJrSm ysOf;rem;c±kdifu 4 OD;yg0ifw,f? 'Da'oukd acgif;aqmifolawGuvnf; vl=unfndK cH&olawGyg?ocifwifxGef;/ ocifazwifh/ ocifwif&D/ &Jabmf&JxGef;pwJh acgif;aqmifaumif;awGyg? v,form;or*~awGeJ@ acgif;aqmifawGukd umuG,fwJhwyf[m wjynfvHk;rSm tiftm;tawmifhqHk;yg? aus;&Gmtrsm;pk[m Oya'wGif; umv rSm tr_tcif;&Sd&if ygwD±Hk;awGrSm vma&mufajz&Sif;avh&Sdygw,f? tJ'Dwkef;u vlxkeJ@ ygwDukd umuG,fa&; wm0efcH[m &Jabmf (OD;)&JxGef;yg? &Jabmfodef;xkduf (uG,fvGef)uc±kdifw&m;ol}uD;yg?

1971 ckESpfrSm &Srf;jynfawmifykdif;eJ@ tv,fykdif; ajymufusm;a'orS acgif; aqmif&Jabmfrsm; u|efawmfwkd@ ta&S@ ajrmufppfa'oukda&mufvmw,f? yxrqHk; a&mufvmolawGu &Jabmfarmifarmifav;(ppfukdif;)/ OD;&JxGef;(ysOf;rem;)/ OD;armif armifpdef(uG,fvGef/ awmifil)/OD;cifndK(kjrif;+cH) wkd@ygyJ? tm;vHk;[m u|efawmf tvGefawG@csifaeolawG jzpf±Hkru awmfvSefa&; 'Da&us umv&Snf}uD;ukd }uH@}uH@ckdifckdif &yfwnfjzwfoef;vm=uolawGyg?

u|efawmf[m 1300jynfh ta&;awmfyH kumvu pxif+yD; Ek difiHa&;e,fy,fxJ a&mufvmolyg? 'ga=umifh 1951 txdt*Fvdyfe,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;/ *syefzufqpf awmfvSefa&;wkdufyG Jrsm;eJ@ jynfol@'Drd kua&pDwkdufyG Jrsm;twGif; txufyg &Jabmf}uD;rsm;(acgif;aqmifrsm;)eJ@ b0wlawGyg? awmfvSefa&;b0twGif; tEW&m,ftrsdK;rsdK;/ tcuftcJ qif;&J'kuQtrsdK;rsdK;ukd jzwfcJhzl; =uw,f?jynfwGif;jynfy &efoltrsdK;rsdK;ukd wkdufcJhzl;=uw,f? csHKajym&ifawmh awmfvSefa&;&J avmu"H trsdK;rsdK;ukd jzwfausmf cJhzl;=uw,f? 'gayr,fhu|efawmf[m awmfvSefa&;&J@ twuftus umvwumvwumvwumvwumvwkdom }uHKcJhzl;olyg? olwkd@vkd awmfvSefa&; tusumv&Snf}uD;rsdK;tusumv&Snf}uD;rsdK;tusumv&Snf}uD;rsdK;tusumv&Snf}uD;rsdK;tusumv&Snf}uD;rsdK; rjzwfoef;cJhzl;ygbl;?ta=umif;uawmh 1951 Zlvkdifv 1 &ufrSm u|efawmf w±kwfjynfukd (ygwD&J@ wm0ef ay;csuft&) rmhufpfvDeif0g' avhvma&;

7

xGufoGm;&vdk@ygyJ?awmfvSefa&; tusumv&Snf}uD;ukd vkdufyg ausmfeif;&wm[m wu,fyif rvG,fvSygbl;? awmfvSefa&;xJyg&if tEW&m,ftrsdK;rsdK;/

tcuftcJ trsdK;rsdK;uawmh }uHK&p+rJyJ? txl;ojzifh tusumv &Snfw,fqkd&if tEW&m,fuvnf; t}udrf }udrf}uHK&/ tcuftcJtrsdK;rsdK;ukdvnf; t}udrf}udrf}uHK&/ twGif;yËdyuQrsdK;pHkukdvnf; &ifqkdif&wwfygw,f? u|efawmfhb0 tawG@t}uHKt& ajym&&iftEW&m,f}uHKvm&if/ tcuftcJ}uHKvm&if toufpGef@zkd@txd qHk;jzwfvkduf&if r+zHKawmhyg? (aouH ra&muf &ifawmh) ausmfeif;EkdifawmhwmygyJ?

tcuftcJqHk;uawmh ygwDwGif; yËdyuQ}uHKwJhtcg ykd+yD;cufygw,f? rdrd taetxm;t& ajz&Sif;EkdifpGrf;vnf;r&Sd? tvGefw&mpdwf±_yf&ygw,f? (1958 ta0; a&muf ygwDA[kdtwGif; tuGJt+yJ}uHKawmh u|efawmfwcsdK@nawGrSm ikdzl;ygw,f)? 'ga=umifh u|efawmf[mawmfvSefa&;tus umv&Snf}uD;xJrSm vkdufygausmfeif; vmcJholawGukd tawmfpmemygw,f? u|efawmfeJ@ OD;&JxGef;/ OD;armifarmifpdefwkd@cifrifr_[m tJ'Dvkd b0aemufcHatmufrSm jzpfay:cJhwmyg?

OD;&JxGef; 71 cka&mufvm+yD; &Srf;jynfawmifydkif;udk jyefqif;oGm;w,f? 'kwd,tokwf a&mufvmawmh/ &Jabmf r=unfav;[m&JabmfaiGtjzpfeJ@ ygvm ygw,f? 'ghjyifol@ukd rHk*la'orSm (,m,D)aezkd@ ygwDA[kdu wm0efay;ygw,f? 'Dumv u oHvGiftaemufjcrf;nef=um;a&;tzGJ@ukd u|efawmf wm0efcH& ygw,f? 'ga=umifh ESpfaygif; 20 avmuf Armjynf awmfvSefa&; vufawG@ b0tajctae t&yf&yfukd&JabmfaiGxHrS tawmfyif pHkpHkvifvif od&ygw,f?

&efol@xkd;ppf t}udrf}udrf }uHK&wmawG/ A[kdtajccHa'o a&$@ajymif;&wm awG/ usqHk;oGm;wJh acgif;aqmifrsm; ta=umif;awG=um;od&wJhtjyif 1955 - 56 umvrSm acgif;aqmifrsm;/ au'grsm;&J@ tdrfaxmifawGukd +rdK@ay:jyefoGm;ckdif;wJh ta=umif; =um;&awmhtawmfyif &ifeifhp&m tjzpftysufawG ygvmygw,f? awmf vSefa&; tusumvrSm trsdK;orD;rsm;/ uav;rsm;[m ykd+yD;'kuQ a&muf=u&ygw,f? 0rf;enf;zG,fyg? Oyrm - trsdK;orD;rsm;/ uav;rsm;ukd +rdK@jyefydk@awmh &efoltkyf pkd;wJha'o jyef=u&+yD; pm;a&;aea&;uvnf;cuf/&efoluvnf; ppfa=um ar;jref;/ +cdrf;ajcmufwmawGvnf;cH&/ rsufESmi,fb0 a&muf=u&yHkawG =um;od& ygw,f? 'Dvkd 'kuQrsdK; u|efawmfr}uHKbl;yg? wu,fyif pdwfraumif;zG,fyg?

u|efawmf awmfvSefa&;tusumv &Snf=umwJhtcg }uHK&wJh tEW&m,f trsdK;rsdK;/ qif;&J'kuQtrsdK;rsdK; ygwDwGif;wkdufyGJrSm }uHK&wJh'kuQtrsdK;rsdK;ta=umif; wyfr [m 2 rSm&SdwJh au'gawGukd &Sif;jyygw,f? tJ'DaqG;aEG;yGJ[m wu,fyif touf0if vSygw,f? aqG;aEG;yGJyg0ifol tm;vHk;[m wdwfqdwf+yD; rsufESmawG[m wnf=unf 0if;vufvmw,f? 'Dtcg wyfr[m EkdifiH a&;rª; &Jabmftifzef;u “tcuftcJ“tcuftcJ“tcuftcJ“tcuftcJ“tcuftcJausmfeif; vmwJh &Jabmfrsm;ukd avhvm=u”ausmfeif; vmwJh &Jabmfrsm;ukd avhvm=u”ausmfeif; vmwJh &Jabmfrsm;ukd avhvm=u”ausmfeif; vmwJh &Jabmfrsm;ukd avhvm=u”ausmfeif; vmwJh &Jabmfrsm;ukd avhvm=u”vkd@aºu;a=umfawmh &Jabmftm;vHk;u “avhvm =u” “twk,l=u”“avhvm =u” “twk,l=u”“avhvm =u” “twk,l=u”“avhvm =u” “twk,l=u”“avhvm =u” “twk,l=u”vkd@ oH+ydKifaºu;a=umf=uw,f?(tck 'Dbufukd a&mufvm=uwJh &Jabmf awG[m “qefcgwif”“qefcgwif”“qefcgwif”“qefcgwif”“qefcgwif”awGvkd@ jznfhqGufajymjyawmh bmomjyef&Jabmf tcuf}uHKoGm;vkd@ u|efawmfu“wvef@axmifpm;”qkdwJh w±kwfa0g[m&ukd ajym+yD; &Sif;jycJh&wmukdvnf; rSwfrdaew,f)?

awmfvSefa&;orkdif; ynmay;a&;[m tvGefyif ta&;}uD;ygw,f? awmfvSef a&; wuf&if rdrdwyfzGJ@xJrSm rme}uD;wwfwmawG/au'gwcsdK@ ysufpD;wmawG &Sdwwf+yD;/ awmfvSefa&; uswJhtcg wyfajy;awG/ vufeufcsawG/ wcsdK@ opPmazmuf awGtxd ay:wwfw,f?trsm;tjym;[m pdwf"mwfuswmawGtxd jzpfwwfw,f? ynmay;a&; tm;pkduf=u&ygw,f?

&JabmfaiGukdvnf; 1974 ckESpfxJrSm e,fpyf&SdwJh vlenf;pk trsdK;om;awG twGif;&Sd trsdK;orD;b0[m vlrsdK;}uD;a'o rSmxuf"avha[mif;/ tpOftvma[mif; '%fawG cH&wmukd u|efawmf &Sif;jyzl;w,f? trsdK;orD;rsm;[m tz}uD;pkd;wJhpepf/ a,mufsm;}uD;0g'/ usm;rwef;rwlr_rsm;ukd cH=u&wm wlygw,f? 'gayr,fh tpOf tvma[mif;/ "avhqkd;awG[m ykdygw,f? vlenf;pktrsdK;om;rsm;twGif; trsdK;orD;rsm;&J@b0[m a,mufsm;rsm;eJ@ wef;wltcGifhta&; &zkd@qkd&if tvkyform; vlwef;pm; tm%m&+yD;awmif ESpfaygif;&meJ@csD+yD; *±kpkdufynmay;wm/ Oya'xkwfwm (vlxkv_yf&Sm;r_ vkyfwm) awG &Sdzkd@vkdtyfygw,f? 'DupPawGukd &JabmfaiGukd *±kpkduf &Sif;jycJh&wmuawmh ol[mtrsdK;orD;b0 vGwfajrmufa&; tawG@t}uHKvnf;&Sd/ pdwf0ifpm;r_vnf; }uD;wma=umifh ygyJ?

&JabmfaiG[m e,fpyfa'o a&muf+yD; aq;ynmoif+yD;aemuf A[kd&J@ cef@cGJr_ t& ta&S@ajrmuf ppfa'o aq;±Hk}uD;rSm'kEkdifiHa&;rª;wm0ef ,lygw,f? tckdiftrm wm0efcef@cGJolu u|efawmfyg? oleJ@twl wm0efcHvkyfwJh yxr EkdifiH a&;rª;u &Jabmf avmif;arsmf(w±kwffemrnf avmfuGrf;rH)yg? 'D&Jabmf[m r±lvlrsdK; jzpf+yD;/ vlrsdK;a&;/ *kd%f;*% uif;pifolyg? ygwD0if vnf;jzpf/ tvkyfvnf; wufºu/±kd;om;wJhol wOD; jzpfygw,f? vlr_qufqHa&;uvnf;aumif;/ pdwf&Snfr_uvnf; csD;usL; zG,fyg? &Jabmf aiGeJ@vnf; tvGefyif oifhoifhjrwfjrwfn‡dE_dif;avh &Sdygw,f?

e,fpyfa'o&Sd u|efawmfwkd@ jynfol@wyfrawmfxJrSm vlrsdK; 21 rsdK;awmif &Sdygw,f? 'ga=umifh b,f&Jabmf/ b,facgif;aqmifyJjzpfjzpf/vlrsdK;a&; *kd%f;*% '%f uawmh tenf;eJ@trsm; cH=u&ygw,f? vlrsdK;}uD;awG&J@ a&SmfAif0g'uawmh t"du xm;wkduf&rSmyg? 'gayr,fhvlenf;pk a'o(tajccHa'o) jzpfvm&if vlrsm;wmu e,fcHvlenf;pkawGyg? olwkd@u tay:pD; tajctaeyg? 'ga=umifh tjyifuvmwJhb,fvlrsdK;yJjzpfjzpf vlenf;pkb0 a&muf=u&ygw,f? 'ga=umifh vlrsdK;a&; *kd%f;*%&J@ 0kdif;y,fr_/ r[kwfwef;w&m; a&Smufajymr_/ wqdwfukdwtdwfvkyfr_'%fawGukd cH=u &ygw,f? xdyfykdif;acgif;aqmifawGukdawmh ajym0Hhol enf;ygw,f? vufawG@vkyfwJh au'gawG[m *kd%f;*%'%ftvl;tvSdrfh cH=u&awmhw,f?

u|efawmf[m vlenf;pk&Jabmftrsm;pkeJ@ a&maESmaexkdifavh &Sdygw,f? 'g a=umifh &Srf;&JabmfawGu u|efawmfhukd &Srf;eJ@wlw,f?ArmeJ@ rwlbl;wJh? ucsif &Jabmf awGuvnf; ucsifeJ@wlowJh? 0˜&JabmfawGuvnf; 0˜eJ@ wljyefowJh? w±kwf &Jabmf awGuawmh w±kwfeJ@wljyefowJh? 'Dpum;awG =um;&awmh u|efawmfu 0rf;rom wJhtjyif tcH&cufygw,f? 'Dpum;rsdK;awG&J@aemufuG,frSm (ArmvlrsdK;awGukdolwkd@ wrsdK;=unfhjrifwJh) *kd%f;*%awG yg&Sdaeygw,f?

vlenf;pk trsdK;om; a'owkdif;rSmyJ vlrsdK; 3 - 4 rsdK; &Sd=uygw,f? &Srf;jynf e,f[m a'owuGuf/ t"du pum;wrsdK; ajym=u+yD;/

8

Armpum; aygufolu tenf; pkyg? 'ga=umifh *kd%f;*%0g' qef@usifa&; “vlrsdK;pHk0g'”ynmay;a&;[m tcuf tcJawG wkd;&ygw,f? 'g[ma&&Snf ynmay;&r,fh tajctaeyg?

ta&S@ajrmuf ppfa'o aq;±Hk[m vlrsdK;aygif;pHkrS &Jabmfrsm;ukd aq;uko &wmomru vlrsdK;aygif;pHk &Jabmfrsm;( &J abmfrrsm;)ukdaq;ynm oifay;wJh vufawG@ ausmif;}uD; wrsdK;vnf; jzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh 1977 ckESpfup+yD; u|efawmft+rJ *±kpkdufwJh Xmewckvnf;jzpfygw,f? 'Daq;±Hk}uD;[m wkdufyGJ}uD;awGrSm ta&;ygwJh tiftm; jzpf±Hkru aq;ynmonf trsm;tjym; arG;xkwfay;wJh ae&mvnf; jzpfygw,f? &JabmfaiG[m tJ'DrSm tcsdefawmfawmf=um wm0ef,lvkyfukdifcJh&wJh olyg?

&JabmfaiG[m e,fpyfa'o a&muf+yD;aemuf A[kdjynfol@obiftzGJ@}uD;&J@ tpOftvmaumif;awG/ tawG@t}uHK awGukdvnf;o,f,lvm+yD; jzef@cs dol/ uk d,fwk dif (tEkynm) ujyazsmfajzolvnf; vkyfcJ hw,f? tEkynmobif v_yf&Sm;r_rSmvnf; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtwGuf tm;xm;&wJh &JabmfwOD; jzpfcJhygw,f?

&JabmfaiG a&mufvm+yD;aemuf tajctaeay;wkdif; (tcsdef&wkdif;) usqHk;wJh acgif;aqmifrsm; ta=umif; ar;jref;od&Sd&ygw,f?vuf&Sd touf&SifaeolawG[m rdrd wkd@ odcJhor# tmZmenf &Jabmfrsm;ta=umif; rSwfwrf;rsm; (twkd csKyfjzpfap) jyKpk+yD; tzGJ@tpnf;xHykd@oifhygw,f?

ed*Hk;taeeJ@ a&;vkdwmuawmh (&JabmfaiG a&;wJh “t±k%fOD; c&D;onf” “t±k%fOD; c&D;onf” “t±k%fOD; c&D;onf” “t±k%fOD; c&D;onf” “t±k%fOD; c&D;onf” ukd bwf+yD;aemuf u|efawmf rSwfcsufay; vkdwmuawmh)pma&;&if vlr_avmu"HawG a&;wmjzpfjzpf/ Ekd fifiHa&; avmu"HawGukd a&;wmjzpfjzpf rmuhfpf0g'DawG&J@ tajccH vrf;n¸efuawmh“wu,fhjzpf&yfrSefawGukd o±kyfazmf&r,f? tem*wftwGuf vrf;n¸efrSefawG(cHpm;) &&Sdap&r,f”qdkwJhrl 2 &yfeJ@ pHxkd;&r,f?

'DpH 2 &yfeJ@ ol a&;wmawG[m ukdufnDygw,f?u|efawmf xyfrHar#mfvifhwmuawmh &Jabmfaumif;rsm;/ acgif;aqmifaumif; rsm;ta=umif; xdawGcJhor# xyfrH a&;om; oGm;Ekdifzkd@ygyJ?u|efawmfwkd@u EkdifiHa&; avmu"HawGukd a&;wJh &nf&G,fcsuf[m awmfvSef a&; taumif;jrif0g'ukd jzef@csdzkd@ygyJ? orkdif;u

oifcef;pmawGukdvnf; aemifvm aemuf om;rsm;twGuf vrf;n¸efrSefawG &&Sdzkd@ oifhawmfpGm wifjyoifhygw,f?Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwD t"Gef@&Snfygap? ?

` &Jabmfcspfodef;(&Jabmfpkd;odrf;)&Jabmfcspfodef;(&Jabmfpkd;odrf;)&Jabmfcspfodef;(&Jabmfpkd;odrf;)&Jabmfcspfodef;(&Jabmfpkd;odrf;)&Jabmfcspfodef;(&Jabmfpkd;odrf;)

9

10

aA'gysH tHukdcJæaA'gysH tHukdcJæaA'gysH tHukdcJæaA'gysH tHukdcJæaA'gysH tHukdcJæ

q&m aZmf*sD.“aA'gvrf;”uAsmpkukd t&ifqkH; zwf±_ESpfoufcJh&ygonf? onfhfaemuf a':cifESif;,k. “yef;yefvsufyg” 0wˆKESifh±kyf&Sif? tm;vkH;ukd tEkynm ajrmufonf[k cHpm;ESpfoufrdjcif;yg?

aA'gvrf;ESif h a0;cJ h&onfrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm =um+yD? odyfr=um vSao; aomESpfrsm;twGif;u usaemfwkd@ ygwDxJrStouft}uD;qkH;acgif;aqmifjzpfol &Jabmf-&JxGef;u “raiGb0vrf;u aA'gvrf;uAsmxJu aA'gysH&J@b0eJ@ tawmfwlw,f? 'ga=umifh'DaA'gvrf;uAsmav;ukd aumufEkwful;,l+yD; raiGxH ay;ykd@vkduf yg w,f” qkdum q&mr}uD;(usaemfwkd@tac:) xHokd@ aA'gvrf;uAsm wykdif;wpykd@vSmonf?

xkdtcg æ ykwfcwfaeaom 'Dv_dif;rsm;t=um;rS ±kef;uefacgif;armhvmum raobJ&Sifoef-yef;yef+yD; b0ukd qefwuf aeaomaA'gysHuav;ukd usaemfhpdwfrSm jyefvnfjrifa,mifvmrdygonf? q&mr}uD;b0ukd aA'gvrf;ESifh E_dif;,SOfwif pm;onf ukd tpu usaemfodyfb0ifrusvSyg? ±kd;ae+yDjzpfaom edrdwfykHwckeJ@ E_dif;,SOf xif[yf xm;w,f xifvkd@yg?

wpdrfhpdrfh pOf;pm;=unfhrdygonf? aA'gvrf;uAsmpkqkdwm b0aygif;rsm;pGmukd xif[yfukd,fpm;jyKEkdifonfh ±kd;roGm;wwfaomuAsmrsdK;ygvm;? aA'gysHc&D;pOfwGif ±kef;uefausmfv$m;cJh&aom tcuftcJawGu rsm;vSacsonf? t[ef@twm; opfawG æ wkdufyGJopfawGuvrf;c&D; tauG@taumufwkdif;/ qpfcsKd;wkdif;rSm ay:vmwwfonf? bJtkyfu w&mESpf&m æ ykwfcwfaeaom v_dif;*,ufrsm; æ a&xefavxefumv rsm; æ 'Da&twuftusESifh avjyif;rkefwkdif;rsm; æ? uacsonf raA'gonf *k%f"e avmu/ yumoe [efaqmifqufqHa&;vlr_e,fy,fwGif avmu"H v_dif;. ±kdufykwf csufrsm; eifhaeatmif cHcJh&onf[k em;vnf=unfhjrifcJhzl;onf? 'gayr,fh æ tcsuf wcsufukdusaemf zswfceJ jrifvkdufonf?

awmfvSefa&; tpykdif;uwnf;u yg0ifvmcJhol c&D;onf q&mr}uD;. “b0vrf;”u v_dif;ykwfcsufawG æ wkdufyG JawGt}udrfaygif;rsm;pGm jzwfoef; vmcJh &onfh tjyif ,ckwkdif ±kef;uef wkdufyGJ0ifae&qJ yguvm;?

onfhaemufwGifum; q&mr}uD;ukd jrifawG@&onfhtcgrsm;wGif usaemf@ pdwf a=u;rkHrSm onfuAsmtykdif;tpav; ay: vmwwfonf?“aA’gysH tHukdcJyef;yefvsufyJæ”'gayr,fh q&mr}uD;uawmh ol@bmom wrsdK;wzkH =unfhjrifayvdrfhrnf?“t±k%fOD; c&D;onf”“t±k%fOD; c&D;onf”“t±k%fOD; c&D;onf”“t±k%fOD; c&D;onf”“t±k%fOD; c&D;onf”qkdyJ?

· · ·q&mr}uD;. onfbufykdif;b0ukdom usaemfwkd@ &if;ESD;em;vnfae=ujcif; jzpfygonf? usaemf ykdrkdpdwf0ifpm;rdonfu a&S@ykdif;b0ukdyg?

uEWm& ql;awmxJukd wkd;a0S@jzwfoef;I q&mr}uD; av#mufvSrf; vmcJh &ygonf? usefcJhaom vrf;bufqDwGif jynfwGif;ppfrD; w[kef;[kef;awmuf avmifae qJ æ? onfc&D;rSm q&mr}uD; yefqifcJhaom yef;tvSrSm aA'gyef; r[kwf ygav? &J&JeDaeaom ESif;qDyef;wyGifhomjzpfonf[lI usaemfjrifygonf? vrf; tauG@awG wkdif;rSm ESif;qDawGukdom wyGifh+yD;wyGifh q&mr}uD; yefvmcJhygonf?

wkdufyGJawGukd tm;rmef/ ZGJ/ wufºur_wkd@jzifh q&mr}uD; &iffqkdifcJhonf[k jrifygonf?· · ·

r_dif;jym&Dr_Haeaom 0awmifwef;ESifh awmòrifpGef;wkd@.ajc&if;/ erhfcacsmif;ab; r,fZvDawmtkyfteD; ajrjyef@vGifjyifrSmawmfvSefa&;c&D;wauG@tjzpf usaemfwkd@ v_yf&Sm;ae=ucsdefæta&S@ajrmufppfa'oaq;±kH. 'k - EkdifiHa&;r–;tjzpf q&mr}uD;ukd pwifjrifzl;cJhjcif;jzpfygonf?

xkdtcsdefu q&mr}uD;onf oufvwfykdif;t&G,favmuf&Sdrnf[k xif onf? touft&G,fESifhpmv#if ‘Ek’onf[k qkd&ygrnf?Armjynf ajymufusm; a'o toD;oD;Y wm0efxrf;aqmifae=ucsdefuwnf;u q&mr}uD;ESifh wkdufazmf wkdufzuf &JabmfwOD;jzpfcJhaomOD;av;xl;u “rr+idrf;(ol@tac:) u i,fi,fuqkd odyfvSwm/ ygwDyGJvrf;awGrSm t+idrfhrif;orD;tjzpf ol u˜w,fqkd&if vlwkdif;uai;ae=u&wm”[k usaemfhtm; ajymjyzl;aom pum;wcGef;ukd owd&rdygonf? [kwfavmufygonf? awmfvSefa&;.v_dif;wHykd;rsm;±kdufcwfxkaxmif;onfh '%ftrsdK;rsdK;ukd cHcJh&onfhwkdif/ aemuf+yD; touftenf;i,f&ifhvmonfhwkdif q&mr}uD;onf wifhw,f aeqJ jzpfygonf? aemuf+yD; tdrfrS tjyifokd@ xGufcgeD;tcsdef/ c&D;oGm;rnfhtcsdef/ xkdif&mrS xvkduf onfhtcsdef æ ponfhtcsdefwkdif;wGif q&mr}uD;onfol0wfxm;aom ppf0wfpkHukd csyf,yfjyef@jyL;atmif qGJqef@jyKjyifjcif; vkyfavh&Sdygonf? aemuf+yD; =u,feDyGifh wyfqif xm;aom ol@ppfOD;xkyfukdae&mwus jzpfatmif jyifaqmif; avh&Sdonf?

q&mr}uD;onf tEkynmonfwOD;jzpfonfhtwGufayvm; rajymwwf/ tvStyukd xl;xl;jcm;jcm; ESpfouf wwfolyg?“i,fi,fuqkd tkdrif;&ifha&mf+yD; tusnf;wefb0eJ@ aeoGm;&rSmukd odyfpkd;&drfwm æ tJ'Dtcsdef-tJovkd}uD; aeoGm; &wmxuf aooGm;wmrSaumif;OD;r,fvkd@ atmufarhrdw,f”wJh? 'gukd zGifhajymjyawmh a':cif}uD;(ocifA[def;.ZeD;) u “tJovkd rpOf;pm;ygeJ@ =unfav;(xkdtcsdefu

11

q&mr}uD;emrnfrSm r=unfav;jzpfonf) æ 'kd@rsm;vnf; tck tkdvmyg+yD? b0rSm ukd,f tusdK;jyKEkdifwmav;awG vkyfoGm;zkd@ &Sifoefae&wmygyJvkd@ tJ'D uwnf;u qkH;rcJh wm”[k q&mr}uD;ukd,fwkdif ajymjycJhzl;ygonf? 0g&ifhawmfvSefa&; &Jabmf wOD; jzpf aomfvnf; tEkynmESifhtvStyukd cspfjrwfEkd;wwfaom vlom;wOD; ayukd; æ?

,ckwkdif ol.om;orD;rsm;ESifh wl-wlrrsm;ozG,f jzpfaeaom trsdK;orD; trsdK;om;&Jabmfrsm;u tcGifh}uKHwkdif; yef;tkd;xkd;zkd@yef;pnf;yef;ckdifrsm; ay;ykd@ae=uqJæ? oluvnf; tvsOf;oifhovdk vkdtyfaom &Jabmfrsm;xH yef;pnf;yef;ckdifrsm; ay;ykd@ aeqJ æ?

· · ·u|efawmfwkd@onf q&mr}uD;ukd vlukd,fwkdifrawG@zl;cifuwnf;u jynfol@ toHrS toHv$ifhay;aom q&mr}uD;.oDcsif;rsm;ukd

òr@ay:uae =um;od aecJh ygonf?u|efawmfwkd@ yefqef;okd@ a&mufvmonfhtcsdefwGifrlum; toHv$if h±k HwGif oDcsif;rsm;oDqkdaewwfaom/ uyGJrsm;wGif

ukd,fwkdifoDqkdujyaeaom/ awmfvSefa&; yGJvrf;obif ae@}uD;&uf}uD;rsm; eD;csdefwGif trsdK;orD; trsdK;om;&Jabmfrsm;tm; tuoifay;aewwfaom q&mr}uD;.tEkynmv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;ukd teD;uyfawG@jrifvm =u &ygonf?

pwifodu|rf;ptcsdef æ q&mr}uD;ESifh usaemf r=umc% awG@qkH&onfrSmum; ta&S@ ajrmufppfa'o. c±kdifESif h Xmeaygif;pkHtpnf;ta0;rsm;wGifyg? q&mr}uD;u ta&S@ ajrmufppfa'oaq;±kHukd ukd,fpm;jyKum tpnf;ta0;wufjcif;jzpf+yD; usaemfuyefqef;txl;òr@e,f ukd,fpm;vS,ftaejzifh tpnf;ta0;wuf=u&jcif; jzpfygonf? tpnf;ta0;rsm;pGmwGif q&mr}uD;ESifh usaemfwkd@r=umc%qkdovkd xdyfwkduf tajc twif pum;ppfxkd;&avh&S dygonf? xkdpOfu pk dufysdK;a&;ESif h arG;jrLa&;=um;u yËdyuQawGtrsm;tjym;ay:aygufaecsdefjzpfI c%c%ajz&Sif;ay;&ygonf? omref ajz&Sif;vkd@r&aom jy\emrsm; ppfa'o tpnf;ta0;txda&mufwwfygonf? aq;±kHu pkdufcif;xJ vlxk. u|JEGm;rsm; 0ifpm;onfh jy\em/ vlxk. pkdufcif;xJ aq;±kHrS jrif;-vm;-0ufawG 0ifar$onfhjy\em æ? onfjy\emrsm;wGif oluvnf; ol@bufutjrifESifh? ukd,fuvnf; ukd,hfbufutjrifESifh? t}udwfte,f pum; ajym+yD;ppfa'oacgif;aqmifrsm;xH wifjy=u&jcif; jzpfygonf? wcgw&H aq;±kH bufrS aiG'*Fg;awG avsmfa=u;ay;&wm&Sdovkd wcgw&H òr@e,fbufrSavsmfa=u; ay;& avh&Sdygonf? xkdtcgrsm; wGif q&mr}uD;u pum;vkH;awG a&G;cs,f+yD; wnf+idrf at; aq;pGmjzifh jywfom;aomtcsuftvufukd wifjywwfa=umif; usaemf owdxm;rd ygonf? usaemfuawmh pdwfvkdufrmefyg ajymwwfolyg?

aemufawmh q&mr}uD;ESifh usaemfwkd@ &if;ESD;oGm;ygonf? &Jabmfrsm;tm; *±kwpkdufaq;0g;ukoay;±kHru awmfvSefa&; tjrifrsm;zvS,fI&aom q&mr}uD;ESifh a':±_,Of(a'gufwmvSausmfaZm) wkd@ twlaexkdif=uonfhtdrfokd@ tm;vyfcsdefrsm;wGif Arm&Jabmfrsm;oGm;a&mufvnfywfwwfonfhenf;wl &JabmfausmfaqGESif h usaemf wkd@vnf; wcgw&H oGm;a&mufvnfywfavh&S dcJ h =uygonf?&JabmfausmfaqGESifh q&mr}uD;wkd@.arwWmZmwfvrf;wGif usaemfu teD;uyfxdawG@cJhzl;ol jzpf&m tus,fw0ifha&;om;jcif;rjyKayr,fhtcsufwcsufukdawmh usaemfazmfjyvkdygonf?

wcsdK@u q&mr}uD;bufu ESarsmonf? wcsdK@u &JabmfausmfaqGbufrS ESarsmonf? wcsdK@u ESpfOD;pvkH;.EkdifiHa&;*k%foduQmusqif;oGm;avrvm;[lI yllyif =uonf? xkdtcsdefu &Jabmfrsm;. tjriftrsdK;rsdK;a=umifh olwkd@. arwWma&; ysufjym; oGm;awmhrvm;[kpkd;&drfum wa,mufeJ@wa,muf aqG;wajr@ajr@ zufikdae =uonf ukd rsufpda&S@arSmufwGif jrifawG@ae&olu usaemfyg? TjrifuGif;onfolwkd@csif; v_duf v_dufvJvJ cspfcifpkHrufae=ujcif;. trSwftom;tjzpf usaemfu ,lqonf? 'g a=umifh usaemfu oabmwl±kHrutm;ay;wmyif vkyfcJhonf?

aemufawmh oufqkdif&m uvmyfpnf;rsm;.oabmwlcGifhjyKcsuft& ppfa'o acgif;aqmifrsm;. a&S@arSmufwGif olwkd@ESpfOD;vufrSwfa&;xkd;um awmfvSefa&; qefqef tusOf;±kH; vufxyfxdrf;jrm;cJhavonf? olwkd@vufxyfcsdefu usaemf c&D; xGufae&onfxif.?vufxyfxdrf;jrm;yGJjrifuGif;ukdrl usaemf wckr# rrSwfrdawmh yg?

· · ·usaemf yefqef;òr@e,fwGif wm0ef,lae&onfhtcsdefu 0e,fvlxk tajctaerSm tiwfab;xyfrHrusa&mufatmif

±kef;uefwkdufyGJ0ifae&onfhenf;wl a&m*gb,uyfjzifh vltajrmuftjrm; aoa=uqkH;±_H;rnfhta&;ukdvnf; awG;ylae& onfhtcsdef jzpfygonf?a&m*gb, ul;pufum vlokH;av;ig;OD; pwifaoqkH;a=umif; =um;od&onfESifh 0awmifwef;rsm;ay: vSnfhvnf aq;ukoa&; usaemf pDpOf&ygawmh onf?

Tokd@ 0awmifwef; vlxkwGif; aq;ukoa&;c&D;xGuf&onfrSm t}udrf}udrf tcgcgyg? Tokd@ vlxkaq;ukoa&; c&D;xGufwkdif;A[kdaq;ausmif;wGif wm0ef,lonfh a'gufwmvSausmfaZmESifh ppfa'oaq;±kH 'k-EkdifiHa&;r–;tjzpfa&m/ aq;±kH aq;*kda'gif. wm0efcHtjzpfygyl;wGJwm0ef,lxm;onfh q&mr}uD;wkd@onf wcgr# rnnf;nLzl;bJ t+rJwrf; wufwufºuºu tultnDay;cJhonfcsnf;om?

jrif;vm;awGay:wGif aq;0g;ud&d,mawGukdwifum 0awmifwef;rsm;ay: wawmifausmf-wawmifqif;jzifh a'gufwmvSausmfaZmuol@aq;ausmif;om; awG ukd ac:um ukd,fwkdiftyifyef; tqif;&JcH+yD; &ufwcsdK@ vkdufvH ukoay;wwfygonf? q&mr}uD;onfvnf;oltm;vyfonfESifh }uKHv#if olukd,fwkdifvkdufygwwfovkd ol rtm;vyfv#ifvnf; aq;±kHrS aq;tzGJ@wzGJ@ pDpOf+yD; xnfhay;wwfygonf?

q&mr}uD;onf aq;ukoa&; c&D;xGufonfhtacgufwkdif; vlxkta&; twGuf vkddtyfonfh aq;0g;ypPnf;rsm; enf;enf;rSwGef@wkdjcif;r&SdbJ xkwfay;cJhygonf? t"dutm;jzifh ygwD.aus;Zl;a=umifh toufaygif;rsm;pGm u,fwifEkdifcJhonfukd rSwf wrf;wif&ygvdrfhrnf?yefqef;vlxkukd wm0efcH&aom usaemfhtaejzifh vuf awG@ukd,fwkdifukd,fus wm0ef,lulnDcJh=uaom q&mr}uD;ESifh a'gufwm vSausmfaZmwkd@. pdwf"mwfESifh tcef;u¾ukd rarhravsmh/ owd&aeqJyg?

12

xkdpOfu q&mr}uD; wm0efcHukdifwG,fcJhaom aq;*kda'gifrSm ,GrfaiG aomif; csDwefaom cGJpdwfud&d,m aowWmrsm; yifv#iftvkH;aygif;ajrmufjrm;pGm &Sdaeonfukd usaemfukd,fwkdif awG@cJh&ygonf? aq;0g;ypPnf;ud&d,mtpkH ,GrfaiGodef;aygif; rsm;pGm wefzkd;&Sdaomaq;*kda'gif}uD;yg? (&efukefrSmyifv#if 'Dvkdaq;*kda'gifrsdK; rawG@zl;cJh-[k a'gufwmvSausmfaZmu ajymjycJhzl;ygonf?) wcsdK@u wefzkd;&Sdaomaq;*kda'gifrS ypPnf; rsm;ukd ukd,fusdK;pD;yGm;twGuf rsufaphus=uonf? &Jabmfrsm;. usef;rma&;/ vlxktm; ukou,fwifa&;wkd@wGif enf;enf;rSrwGef@wkdaomfvnf; ukd,fusdK;pD;yGm;twGuf aq;0g;rsm; xkwf,lzkd@ }uHpnf}udK;pm;jcif;rsdK;rsm;ukdrl q&mr}uD;u tjyif;txef qef@usifygonf?awmfvSefa&;twGif;u &JabmfawG jzpfaomfvnf; xkdpOfu awmfvSef a&;twGif; tr_dufo±kduf/ tnpfta=u;rsm; renf;vSyg? q&mr}uD;ukdav;pm; cspf cifolrsm;&Sdovkd ,if;okd@ ukd,fusdK; &SmrnfhudpPrsm;tm; rvkdufavsm±kHru qef@usif cJhonfhtwGuf wcsdK@u q&mr}uD;ukdrkef;wD;=uygonf? A[kd aq;ausmif;rSm wm0ef ,l±kHru aq;±kHrSm q&m0efwOD;tjzpf wGJzufwm0ef,lonfh a'gufwm vSausmf aZmonfvnf;TudpPrsdK;a=umifh q&mr}uD;uJhokd@yif ol@ukd av;pm;cspfcif olrsm; &Sdovkd wl;wl;cg;cg; rkef;wD;olrsm;vnf; renf;vSyg?

olrsm;awG ukd,fusdK;&Smzkd@ rsufaphusonfh ae&mawGrSm wm0ef,lcJh =uaomfvnf; ,ckwkdif awmfvSefa&;orm;b0qif;&Jyifyef;pGm aexkdif&onfhtjzpfukd bufwbuftjzpf av;av;eufeufESifh ±kd;±kd;om;om;awG;um ,cktcsdeftxd usaemfwkd@ auseyfpGm*k%f,lae=uqJyg?

· · ·aemufykdif;wGif q&mr}uD;onf ppfa'oaq;±kH.'k-EkdifiHa&;r–;tjzpfrS ppfa'o trsdK;orD;or*~vkyfief;twGuf ppfa'oXmecsKyfokd@

ajymif;a&$@wm0ef xrf; aqmif&ygonf? q&mr}uD;u olvkyfcsifonfh trsdK;orD;b0 vGwfajrmufa&;vkyf ief;rsm;twGuf trsdK;orD;pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm;ukd pdwftaESmiftzGJ@ uif;uif;jzifh wm0ef,lEkdifawmhrnfqkdum tenf;i,fpdwfxdckdufr_&SdcJhonfukd ajzodrfhEkdifykH&onf?okd@&mwGif jyify wcsdK@vlrsm;url “&JabmfaiG &mxl;usoGm;+yD”[k qkd=uygonf? ygwD. &Jabmfaumif;rsm;taejzifh &mxl;ukdr=unhf/ rzufwG,f/wm0efukdom tav;xm; cJh=uaomfvnf; xkdpOfurl awmfvSefa&;twGif;rSmvnf; avmu"Hw&m;ESifh vl@pdwf"mwftajymif;tvJrsm;ukdawG@cJh&ygonf?

,cifu zlusif;a0-zlusifha0('k-EkkdifiHa&;r–;) 'grSr[kwf-q&mr}uD;-q&m r}uD;[k E_wfurcs wzGzG ac:cJholrsm; ,ckawmhjzifh t&ifvkdr[kwfawmh+yD?

aA'gysHurl tHukdcJ+yD; trsdK;orD; pnf;±Hk;a&;vkyfief;rsm; awmfvSefa&; 0g'jzef@csdr_vkyfief;rsm;/ tuoifay;jcif;/ yGJvrf;obifrsm;Ytursm;/ jyZmwfrsm; ukd pDpOfyg0ifjcif; æ ponfwkd@ukd wm0ef,l&if; aysmfarG@rmefwif;cJ honf? usaemf yefqef; òr@e,fwGifwm0ef,lpOfYvnf;aumif;/ 0awmifc±kdifwGif wm0ef,lpOfY vnf;aumif; q&mr}uD;onf tqkdtu tzGJ@rsm;/ ±kyf&SiftzGJ@rsm;ukdOD;aqmifac:iifum wawmif ausmf wawmifqif;jzifh 0e,fvlxktwGif; trsdK;orD;or*~pnf;±Hk;a&; vkyfief;rsm;udk olukd,fwkdifyg0if+yD;aus&Gmrsm;txd qif;um azsmfajzpnf;±kH;jcif; jyKcJhygonf?

q&mr}uD;.(usaemf av;pm;*k%f,lrdaom) rsufESmtaetxm;wuGufukd ,ckwkdif jrifa,mifaeqJyg?usaemf 0awmifc±kdifwGif wm0ef,laecsdefu jzpfygonf? 0awmifc±kdifwGif ppfa'o. wyfr[mwckukd wGJzufwm0ef ay;xm;ygonf?

'k-twGif;a&;r–;tjzpf wm0ef,l&ol usaemfonf wyfr[m.&duQmaiGtwGuf vpOf ,GrfaiGwaomif;ESifh ESpfaomif;=um; a'ovkyfief;twGif;rS&SmazG+yD; axmufyHHHhay;onfh wm0efukd ,lxm; &ygonf? xkdr#ru wyfr[m.wyfom;xk vef;qef;wufºuatmif pnf;±kH;v_H@aqmf a&;twGuftcgtm;avsmfpGm tqkdtutzGJ@rsm;/ ±kyf&Sifrsm;jzifh oGm;a&muf azsmfajz&if; ±kyf0wÎKrsm;jzifh ar;jref;(awmfvSefa&; tokH;tE_ef;wck) &ygonf?

wcgu usaemfE Si f htwl q&mr}uD;O D;aqmifonf h tqk dtutzG J @onf 0awmifa=umwae&m&S d ‚wyfr[mok d @oGm;a&mufar;jref;=uygonf? wyfr[m XmecsKyfxJokd@ usaemf0ifoGm;aomtcg ‚wyfr[m.acgif;aqmif(,cifu &Jabmf-,ck rdwfaqG0trsdK;om;) u t&ufcyfaxGaxGjzifh (usaemfwkd@ukd ygwDA[kdrS ukd,fpm; vS,fawG/ ArmawG [laom r=unfvifonfh tjrifjzifh) usaemfwkd@.vma&muf ar;jref;r_ukd wm0eft& }udKqkd&rnfjzpfaomfvnf; ol@taeESifhrl csufcsif; acgif;jzwf owfypfvkda=umif; +cdrf;ajcmufajymygawmhonf?usaemf t+yKH;rysufatmif/ rsufESm xm;ajymif;roGm;atmif renf;}udK;pm;xdef;xm;&ygonf? ol@ukd tjyifac:+yD; tqkd tutzGJ@ukd OD;pD;vmolq&mr}uD;ESifh rdwfqufay; aomtcgwGifvnf; olu xkdpum;rsdK;ukdyif xyfrHajymqkdjyefygawmhonf? axhovkdvkd aighovkdvkd / wu,fyif=urf;awmh rvkdvkdESifh +cdrf;ajcmufapmfum;jcif; jzpfygonf? q&mr}uD;u ol@rsufESmukd &J0Hhwnf+idrfpGm jyef=unfhonf? onfhaemufwyfr[macgif;aqmifpum;ukd r=um;onfh tvm;/ 'grSr[kwf ta&;rxm;onfhtvm; ol@wm0efESifh wyfom;xktm; azsmfajz rnfhtpDtpOfvkyfief;ykdif;ukdom at;aq;wnf+idrfpGm &Sif;jyaeygonf?

48-49uwnf;u awmfvSefa&;xJyg0ifvmcJh+yD; tawG@t}uKhH&ifhusufolrkd@ onfvkdrsufESmxm;rsKd;ESifh onfvkd wnf+idrfr_&SdwmyJ[kusaemfav;pm;rdygonf?

· · ·q&mr}uD;onf ol aq;±kHrSm wm0ef,lpOfu &Jabmfrsm;. usef;rma&; twGuf wm0ef,l+yD; *±kwpkduf apmifha&Smuf ay;wwfovkd

wm0efajymif; a&$@cJh& onfhtcgwGifvnf; &Jabmfwkdif;ukd tcgtm;avsmfpGm ol wwfEkdifonfhtwkdif;twmjzifh tultnDay;avh&Sdygonf?aiGa=u;t& wefzkd;odyfr}uD;rm;onfh tultnDrsm;yif jzpfapumrl &Jabmfrsm;tm; aEG;axG;vef;qef;apygonf?

usaemf 0awmifc±kdifrS yefqef;okd@ acwW jyefvmcsdefrsm;wGif q&mr}uD;onf usaemf awmifay: jyefwufv#if ,loGm;zkd@Amvacsmifa=umf+yD; ykvif;bl;uav;rsm;jzifh xnfhay;wwfygonf? c±kdiftpnf;ta0;rsm;&Sdv#if EGm;owf/ 0ufowfjzifh {nfhcH au|;arG;onfhtcgpm;&aomfvnf; trsm;tm;jzifh usaemf tpm;taomuf cufcJ a=umif; od&SdI u±k%mESifh ulnDpDpOfay;jcif;yg? odyfawmh rxl;qef;vSyg?yefqef;wGif ±kd;±kd;om;om; aexkdifpm;aomuf=uol &Jabmfwkdif;vkdvkd tpm;taomuf qif;&JcufcJ =uonfcsnf; jzpfygonf?

13

awmfvSefa&;&xm;}uD; wqpfcsdK;auG@csvkdufonfhtcg usaemfwkd@wawG vdrfhusvGifhpifroGm;atmif pGJ+rJpGm zufwG,fxm;EkdifcJhojzifhjyefpOf;pm;=unfhonfhtcg 0rf;omrdygonf? 'gayr,fh &Jabmfrsm; wa,mufESifhwa,muf uGJuGm+yD; rwlonfh wm0efukd xrf;aqmif/ rwlonfhb0rsm;ukd jzwfoef;cJh=u&avonf?

&JabmfausmfaqGESifh q&mr}uD;wkd@u 101-ppfa'o/ yef0gokd@ a&muf&Sdae =u+yD; usaemfu xifcsKef;rSmyg? &JabmfausmfaqGESifhq&mr}uD;wkd@ukd ygwDtrmcH awGqkd+yD; tjrifr=unfvif=uojzifh taetxkdif usOf;=uyf/ cufcJqif;&J onfhtjyif vkH+cKHr_yg pkd;&drfp&m&Sda=umif;=um;odae&ygonf?

rSwfrdygao;onf? usaemfwkd@ xifcsKef;+rdK@rSm &JabmfausmfaqGwkd@ESifh jyefvnfawG@qkHrd=uaomtcg usaemf c&D;xGufcgeD; tcsdefwcsdefYq&mr}uD;u usaemf okH;pGJzkd@ (,GrfaiG tpdwfvm;-okH;q,fvm;rod) rkef@zkd;ay;ygonf? &Jabmfausmf aqGESifh q&mr}uD;wkd@ onfavmufqif;qif;&J&J jzwfoef;vmcJh=u&wmrkd@ TaiGukd usaemf r,l&ufyg? usaemf vufrcHbJ jiif;qefonfhtcg q&mr}uD;u pdwfraumif; jzpf+yD;rsuf&nfusum ikdygawmhonf? q&mr}uD;.apwem/ u±k%mukd azmfjyaom Ttjzpftysufuav;ukd usaemf b,faomtcgrS rarhEkdifyg?usaemfrSm b,fwkef; urS aiGykdaiGv#H r&Sdol/ rpkaqmif;wwfolrkd@ &JabmfausmfaqGESifh q&mr}uD;wkd@ucsnf;om usaemhfukd t+rJtultnDay;&wwf+yD; usaemfu olwkd@ukd jyefvnfulnDEkdifwm r&Sd oavmuf enf;ygonf?

q&mr}uD;u usaemfhukdom r[kwf/ wjcm;&JabmfawGukdvnf; tcuftcJ &Sdv#if ol@rSm r&Sd-&Sdwmav;ESifh twwfEkdifqkH;ulnDonfcsnf;om? 'ga=umifh &Jabmfrsm; uvnf; touf(70) ykdif; a&mufae+yDjzpfaom q&mr}uD;ukd ta&;w,l &Sd=uonf? txl;ojzifhtrsdK;orD;&Jabmfwkdif;vkdvkdu q&mr}uD;ukd rdcifwOD;yrm cspfcif av;pm; =uonfukd usaemf jrifawG@ae&avonf? TonfrSm tjcm;b,folrS vkdufrrDaom q&mr}uD;. *k%f&nfw&yf[k qkdcsifygonf?

q&mr}uD;uk d cspfcifav;pm;=uolrsm;rSm &Jabmfrsm;csnf; oufouf r[kwfyg? ,cktcg awmfvSefa&;.jyifyok d @a&muf&Sdae=u+yDjzpfaom rdwfaqGrsm; uvnf; ,ae@txd q&mr}uD;ukd av;pm;cspfcifpGm rao;vSaom twkdif;twmjzifh ulnDapmifha&Smufonfrsm; &Sdygonf? rkH*l0g'jzef@csda&;XmewGif wm0ef,lcJhpOf vkyfabmf ukdifzuf &JabmfjzpfcJhol ,ckrdwfaqGwOD;u q&mr}uD;aexkdifzkd@tdrfwtdrf pDpOfay; xm;ygonf? q&mr}uD;ESifhtwl vkyfazmfukdifbuf &Jabmfa[mif; &Jabmfopf awmfawmf rsm;rsm; ,cktcgae&mawmfawmfrsm;rsm;wGif &Sdaeygonf? olwkd@u q&mr}uD;ukd ,ckkwkdif awmufav#muf tultnDrsm; ay;aewwfonf? q&mr}uD;tay:xm;&Sdonfh olwkd@wawG. oHa,mZOfukd usaemftHh=oonfESifhtr# av;pm;rdygonf?

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14

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15

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16

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t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf [m txufrSm ajymcJhovdk au'ga[mif;wOD;jzpfvkd@ u|efawmfwkd@ ygwDeJ@awmfvSefa&;&J@ tzkd;rjzwfEkdifwJhtawG@t}uHKawG ol@rSm &Sdae ygw,f? 'ga=umifh yefqef;umvrsm;u vkyfief;awGtm;vyfwJhtcg a&S;a[mif;aESmif; jzpfrsm;ukd ajymqkdjzpfawmhol@tawG@t}uHkKawG =um;&/ em;axmif&wwfygw,f? 'DvkdeJ@ 1986 rSm/ iSufzsm;a&m*g jyefxvm+yD; rsufpdwzuf uG,fcJh&w,f? ygwDu}udK;pm;ukay;ayr,fh uHqkd;ygw,f? ratmifjrifygbl;?

89e,fpyfta&;tcif; jzpfyGm;+yD;aemuf u|efawmfwkd@ygwD[m ajratmuf ygwD jzpfoGm;ovdk/ u|efawmfwkd@wawGvnf; wkdif;wyg;ukda&mufoGm;&ygw,f? 'D=um; xJ t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf [m 1996rSm avjzwfoGm;vkd@ pum;ajym r&/ vrf; av#muf r& jzpfoGm;&jyefygw,f?}udK;pm;uko ±kef;uef avhusifh&if; wpHkw&m jyefaumif; vmygw,f? 'gayr,fh rlvutwkdif;awmh jyefaumif;rvmawmhygbl;?

ajratmufumvvnf;jzpf/ wkdif;wyg;rSmvnf;jzpfawmh tckdiftrm vufawG@vkyfief; udkiffief; r&SdjzpfoGm;&wmrkd@ tcsdeftm;rsm;&wwfovkd &JabmfwcsdK@eJ@ u|efawmfhtdrfrSm qHkwwfygw,f? tJ'DvkdqHkrdawmh awmfvSefa&;vkyfief; awGta=umif; ajym=uqkd=u/ed*Hk;csKyfrdwwf=uovkd/ tawG@t}uHKzvS,fwm/ tjyeftvSef em;vnf ,l=unfhrdwmawGvnf; &Sdwwfygw,f? 'Dvkdajym=uqkd=u&if;eJ@u|efawmfeJ@ armifvS0if;(jrif;+cH)tygt0if &JabmfwcsdK@u t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf ukd ckvkdajymjyaewJh tawG@t}uHKawGukd &Jabmftrsm;pkr#a0cHpm;Ekdifatmif pma&;ygvm;vkd@ wkdufwGef; rdygw,f? a&;xm;&if wcsdefrSm pmtkyfav;jzpfEkdifawmayghvkd@vnf; tm;ay;rdygw,f?'DvkdwkdufwGef; tm;ay;r_uae a&;oluvnf; a&;vmawmh u|efawmfeJ@ armifvS0if;(jrif;+cH) wkd@uvnf; tcsuftvufuav;awGu &Sdvmvkd@pmtkyfav;xkwfEk difzk d @ }udK;pm;tm;xkwfrd&mu tck “t±k%fOD;c&D;onf”(yxrwGJ) “t±k%fOD;c&D;onf”(yxrwGJ) “t±k%fOD;c&D;onf”(yxrwGJ) “t±k%fOD;c&D;onf”(yxrwGJ) “t±k%fOD;c&D;onf”(yxrwGJ) pmtkyfuav;ukd pmzwf olrsm;vufokd@ay;ykd@vkdufEkdifjcif;jzpfygw,f?

(4)(4)(4)(4)(4)'Dpmtkyf[m t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf t±k%fOD;c&D;onf taeeJ@ &Snfvsm;us,fjyef@ euf±_dif;vSwJ@ Armjynf jynfol@'Drkdua&pDawmfvSefa&; wkdufyGJtwGif;

olyg0ifxrf;aqmifcJh&wJh vkyf ief;tawG@t}uHKawGeJ@ ol=um;odawG@jrifcJh&wmrsm;ukd cs,fr_ef;a&;om;xm;wm yg? wu,fawmh 'g[myifv,fork'N&m}uD;twGif;u a&wpufvkd/ awmfvSefa&; vkyfief;}uD; twGif;u tvGefao;i,f vSwJh vkyfief;tpdwftykdif;av; wckr#avmuf om jzpfygvdrfhr,f? pmzwfolrsm;twGuf tusdK;&Sdr&Sduawmh pmzwfolrsm;yJ a0zef tuJjzwf=uygawmh?

'Dpmtkyf[m jynfol@'Drkdua&pD awmfvSefa&;twGif; ygwDu aqmif&GufcJhwJh 0g'jzef@csda&;jyZmwfawG/ oDcsif;awGukdawmhrSwfwrf;tjzpf tedrfhqHk;tm;jzifhawmh usef&pfEkdifygvdrfhr,fvkd@ ±kd;om;pGm ,Hk=unfrdygw,f?

·awmfvSefa&;tawG@t}uHKrsm; rsm;rsm;azmfxkwfEkdif=u ygap?·awmfvSefa&;tawG@t}uHK &wemyef;rsm; yGifhvef;Ekdifygap? ?

17

pma&;ol r=unfav;(&JabmfaiG)pma&;ol r=unfav;(&JabmfaiG)pma&;ol r=unfav;(&JabmfaiG)pma&;ol r=unfav;(&JabmfaiG)pma&;ol r=unfav;(&JabmfaiG)·····1935 rwf 28/ ysOf;rem;rSm tbOD;zkd;a&$/ trda':tHk;cifwkd@rS arG;zGm;cJh?·····1949 {+yD 12/ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDacgif;aqmifwJh

vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;xJ pwifyg0if?·····1949 - 51/ trsdK;orD;or*~vkyfief;?·····1951 - 54/ “A[kdjynfol@obif”0g'jzef@vkyfief;?·····1954/ tajccH aq;ynmoifwef;wuf+yD;/ tajccHa'o/

ysOf;rem;c±kdifaq;±HkrSm olemjyKvkyfief;wm0efxrf;aqmifcJh?·····1959/ &efol@xkd;ppfukd wdrf;a&Smif&if; &efol

cv& 26 ppfa=umif;eJ@ awG@qHk zrf;qD;cH&?·····1959 - 60 - 61/ yk'fr 17§1(u)t& axmif 2 ESpfuscJh?·····1961 {+yD/ rEWav;axmifrS vGwfcJh?·····1963/ rEWav;rSm usif;ywJh txufArmjynf 7 c±kdif

+idrf;csrf;a&; qENjyyGJrSm yg0ifv_yf&Sm;cJh?·····1967/ vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&;xJ jyefqif;vmcJh?·····1967 - 71txd/ ygwD. ajymufusm;a'ojzpfwJh

&Srf;jynfwGif vSnfhvnf v_yf&Sm;cJh?·····1971/ ta&S@ajrmufvGwfajrmufa'ookd@ a&muf&SdcJh?·····1972 - 74/ aq;ynmxyfrHavhvmcJh?·····1974 - 86/ ta&S@ajrmufppfa'o ppfaq;±kHwGif

aq;bufqkdif&m vkyfief;wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJh?·····1984 Zefe0g&D 22/ &JabmfatmifvGifeJ@ vufxyf?·····1986 ta&S@@ajrmufppfa'o/ trsdK;orD;or*~pnf;±Hk;

a&;vkyfief;wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJh?·····1989 {+yD 17 &ufrSm e,fpyfta&;tcif;jzpfyGm;&m/

ygwDA[kdeJ@twl jynfyokd@ xGufvmcJh?·····1989 rSonf ,ae@txd cifyGef;onf &JabmfeJ@twl

ygwD&J@ajratmufau'grsm;tjzpf qufvuf&yfwnfaeqJ?

(awmfvSefa&;qkdif&m ukd,fwkdifa&;txWKywWd)

18

c&D;±SnfcsDwufc&D;±SnfcsDwufc&D;±SnfcsDwufc&D;±SnfcsDwufc&D;±SnfcsDwuf1970ckESpf/ rkd;tukeftcsdef(vukdawmh rrSwfrdyg)? yGifhvif;&moD tpykdif;avmuf jzpfr,fvkd@ cef@rSef;rdygw,f? u|efrwkd@

‘csDwufa&;tzGJ@}uD;’[m &vvz e,fajr ytkd@0f±Gm}uD; w±GmrSm em;aeygw,f? u|efrwkd@tzGJ@}uD;[m pnf;±Hk;a&;t& rwlwJh tzGJ@3 zGJ@ukdpkaygif;xm;wm jzpfygw,f?

wpku A[kdXmecGJwyfrS tpk? tJ'DtpkrSmawmh wyfukd Akdvfrª;cifndKu OD; aqmifw,f?usefwpkuawmh tv,fykdif;wkdif; aumfrwD tpkjzpfygw,f? tJ'DtpkrSm awmh wkdif;aumfrwDrsm; jzpf=uwJh &Jabmf(OD;)armifarmifpdef/

&Jabmf(OD;)&JxGef;// &Jabmf(OD;)jrrif; wkd@jzpf=uygw,f? (wkdif;aumfrwDrsm; taeeJ@ A[kdXmecGJukd tpnf; ta0; vmwuf&if; xkd;ppfeJ@wkd;aevkd@a&S@wkd;r&/ aemufqkwfr& jzpfae+yD;/ 1970ckkrk d;wGif;rSm rkd;vHk;[def;txl;c±kdif taemufjcrf;wae&m pcef;wkdufyGJrSm A[kdXmecGJrª;ocifwifxGef;usqHk;oGm;+yD;aemuf &efol@xkd;ppfwGif;rS azmufxGufvm+yD; u|efrwkd@ tm;vHk; pHkpnf;rd=ujcif;ygyJ?)

usefwpkuawmh u|efrwkd@ rkd;vHk;[def; txl;c±kdiftpkyg? &JabmfawG wyf pdwfwpdwfavmuf&Sdygw,f? 'DtpkrSm c±kdiftvkyf tr_aqmifESpfOD;yg,ygw,f? u|efreJ@ &Jabmf(OD;)atmif(bkef;}uD;vlxGuf/ usqHk;) wkd@yg? u|efrwkd@tpkrSm trsKd;orD; (5) a,mufygw,f? u|efr&,f/ &Jabmf(r)eD/&Jabmf(r)cif (Akdvfwkdufatmif ZeD;/ xkdtcsdef u vufrxyf&ao;)/ &Jabmf (r)pkd; (jrif;+cHaxmifwGif usqHk;)eJ@ &Jabmf (r)pef;wkd@yg?

u|efrwkd@tzGJ@}uD;wckvHk;rSm uvmyfpnf;wck zGJ@xm;w,f? tJ'Duvmyfpnf; rSm twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf Akdvfrª;cifndKukd wifxm;w,f?wkdif;aumfrwDawGuawmh em ,utjzpf acgif;aqmif=uw,f?

u|efrwkd@c±kdif tvkyftr_aqmiftzGJ@xJ bkef;}uD;vlxGuf OD;atmifygaewmu ol@xl; jcm;csufa=umifhyg? rkd;vHk;[def; txl;c±kdifzGifhwmu1968ckESpf/ aEGOD;? &Srf;jynf awmifykdif;c±kdif&J@ ajrmufbuftpGef;/ omZnf-a&$anmifum;vrf; ajrmufbufrSae+yD; &Srf;jynfajrmufykdif;c±kdifawmifbufpGef;/ ausmuf*ltxde,fajr[m b,folrS rykdif/ rukdifbJ vGwfaeygw,f? 'De,fajr[m us,fygw,f? 'ga=umifh 'De,fajrukd ygwDuaoe*FAsL[mt& wkd;csJ@+yD; txl;c±kdif zGifhvkdufygw,f? tJ'De,frSm vlxktay: =oZm wduUr tvGef}uD;wJh "rRp&d, bkef;awmf}uD;wyg;&Sdygw,f? tJ'Dbkef;}uD;u ygwDukd tvGef axmufcHolyg? aemifawmh tJ'Dbkef;}uD;u vlxGuf+yD; awmfvSefa&;xJukd 0ifvm ygw,f?

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u|efrwkd@tzGGJ@}uD; c&D;&SnfcsDwufvdk@ &uftcsdK@=umawmh u|efr[m tajccH usef;rma&;raumif;r_a=umifh c&D;oGm;&if;zsm;+yD;tm[m&"mwf csKd@wJhum ajcaxmuf awG a&mifvmygw,f? qifajcaxmufvkd}uD;+yD; azmvmw,f? tm[m&csKd@ wJhr_a=umifh (b,f&D/ b,f&Djzpfvmum) vrf;aumif;aumif; roGm;Ekdifawmhygbl;? ajrnDoGm;&if vnf; emw,f? awmifwuf &ifawmh rembl;? awmifqif;&ifajcusif;0wfukd wkwfeJ@ ±kdufovkd odyfem/ odyftcH& cufygw,f? 'Djy\ema=umifh tm;vHk;jyef vnfaqG;aEG; =u+yD; 'Dvkd qHk;jzwfcsuf csygw,f?

acgif;aqmifykdif;u A[kdukd tjrefa&mufatmifoGm;+yD; tpD&ifcHa&;udpP &Sdae wmrkd@ tjrefoGm;zkd@ ta&;}uD;ygw,f?'ga=umifh u|efrwkd@tzGJ@}uD;ukd vlpkcGJvkduf&ygw,f?wpku OD;av;OD;&JxGef;tyg(wkdif;aumfrwDvl}uD;rsm;tpk)? 'DtpkrSm AkdvfcifndK OD;pD;wJh A[kdXmecGJwyf yg0ifw,f? wpku

rkd;vHk;[def;wyfu &Jabmfrsm;tpk? ('D&JabmfawGG[m wyfoufEkao;wmrkd@ a'opdwfjyif;xefygw,f?) 'ga=umifh ‚wkd@ a'oukd jyefcGifhay;vkdufw,f?

aemufqHk;wpku u|efrtyg/ &Jabmftenf;pk? (a'ocHau'g) rkqkd;ausmf OD;av;}uD; ESpfa,mufvnf; yg0ifw,f? wvtwGif;aq;vnf;uk/ tem;vnf;,l// tm;&Sdatmif}udK;pm;? wvavmufqkd&if &Srf;jynfajrmufykdif;c±kdifwyf/ wyfrª; &Jabmf atmifqifh(Akdvfykarmif)OD;pD;wJhwyfu vm}udK+yD; c&D;qufxGufr,f?

u|efrwkd@[m aemufwae@reufapmapmrSm vlpk tjrefcGJ=u&w,f? u|efr wkd@tpku qifawmifajrmufbuf SSPP e,fajrawmifbuftpGef yavmif±GmawG teD;rSm v#Kd@0Sufaeygw,f? vlenf;awmh vHk+cHKr_/ &duQmudpP bmrS ryl&yg? a'ocHau'g OD;av;}uD;ESpfa,mufuvnf; awmu|rf;ygw,f? aq;0g;/ &duQmtyg &efolv_yf&Smm;r_ owif; tm;vHk; &ygw,f? aq;0g;uawmh a'ocHrsm; oHk;pGJwJhAdaE<maq;ukdyJ oHk;yg w,f? taemufwkdif;aq;jzpfwJh ADwmrifbD0rf;eJ@ bDwGJukdvnf; ae@pOfxkd;&ygw,f? OD;av;}uD; wkd@u u|efrtwGuftm;&Sdatmifqkd+yD; *sDom;(acsom;)/ qwfom; &or# &SmazG,lvm wwfygw,f? xef;vsuf/ ysm;&nfpwmawGvnf; &Sm,lvmygw,f?'Dvkduko&if;eJ@ ESpfywfavmuf=umawmh u|efr ajcaxmuf a&mifwm/ emwm tm;vHk; aysmufoGm;yg+yD? vrf;av#mufwmvnf; avhusifhygw,f?&JabmfawG tm;vHk;uvnf; 0rf;omae=u ygw,f?

wvavmuf=umawmh reufpmpm;+yD; tem;,laewkef; rar#mfvifhbJ Akdvfykarmifwkd@wyf a&mufvmw,f? E_wfquf=u/pum;ajym=ueJ@ pcef;xJrSm qlqlnHnH jzpfoGm;ygw,f? tJ'Dae@u OD;av;}uD;wkd@ ESpfa,muf &Gmukdjyef &duQm,l&if; qwfom;& vkd@ 0,fvmcJhw,f?

19

naeawmh E_wfqufxrif;pm;yGJ vkyfw,f? nbufvnf; pum; wajymajymeJ@ awmfawmfeJ@ rtdyf=uygbl;?aemufwae@reufapmapmrSm u|efrwkd@tm;vHk;u OD;av;}uD; ESpfa,mufukd E_wfquf=uygw,f? OD;av;}uD; ESpfa,muf[mvnf;

wveD;yg; twlaecJh&awmh &JabmfawGukd oHa,mZOfn‡dwG,faeygw,f? tckvkd vlcsif;cGJ&awmh 0rf;enf;wJh ta=umif; ajymygw,f? 'gayr,fhtm;vHk;usef;usef;rmrmeJ@rkd@ 0rf;omwJhta=umif;/ &Jabmftm;vHk; vkd&mc&D;ukd acsmacsmarmarm a&mufygapvkd@ qkawmif;yga=umif; ukdvnf;ajym=u ygw,f? u|efruvnf; OD;av;}uD; ESpfa,mufeJ@ u|efrwkd@&J@ ae xkdifpm;aomufa&;/ vHk+cHKa&;eJ@ aq;0g; tm[m&"mwfpmrsm;yg/axmufyHhulnDcJhwJh &Gmu wcgrS rawG@bl;/ rjrifbl;wJh rdbjynfolrsm;ukd aus;Zl;txl;wifyga=umif;// 'Daus;Zl;ukdvnf; woufwm b,fawmhrSrarhygbl;qkdwm wqifhjyefajymay;zkd@ E_wfquf+yD; c&D;xGufcJh=uygw,f?

SSPPtajccHa'oxJ c&D;qufxGuf&if; 2-3&ufavmuft=um/ &Gmw&GmrSm c%em;aewkef; Akdvfwkdufatmif a&mufvm+yD;u|efrwkd@tzGJ@eJ@ aygif;rdygawmhw,f? A[kdXmecGJpcef;udk &efolu0ifwkdufcsdef pcef;rSm Akdvfwkdufatmif r&Sdygbl;? A[kdukd txl; qufom;tjzpfoGm;aeygw,f? Akdvfrª;cifndKeJ@ XmecGJwyfuvnf; tjyifrSm a&muf aeygw,f? tckvkd Akdvfwkdufatmifjyefvmawmh A[kdtajctaetm;vHk;od&ygw,f? 'DvkdeJ@ &ufwcsKd@oGm;+yD; u|efrwkd@tpk[m EkdifiHjcm;ukd at;at;aq;aq; a&mufoGm;+yD; u|efrwkd@eJ@ ,m,DcGJoGm;&wJhtpkeJ@ tm;vHk;aysmfaysmf±$if±$if jyefaygif;rdygawmhw,f?

bmtawG;tac:wJhvJbmtawG;tac:wJhvJbmtawG;tac:wJhvJbmtawG;tac:wJhvJbmtawG;tac:wJhvJ“uJ æ raiG? cifAsm;&J@ tawG;tac:[m bmvJqkdwm ussyfuaxmufjy ulnDEkdifzkd@qkd&if cifAsm;&J@tdrfaxmifADZ/ b0jzwfoef;r_/

'gawGtm;vHk; od+yD;aemufrS vuf&Sd cifAsm;&J@ vkyf[efrsm;eJ@ aygif;pyf+yD; cifAsm;&J@ tawG;tac:ukd bmqkdwm usKyf u ajymEkdif/ ulnDEkdifrSm”OD;av;[m pum;tqHk;rSm vufzuf&nf iSJ@aomufaeygw,f? OD;av; qkdwm u OD;av;OD;&JxGef;yg? u|efrwkd@tzGJ@xJrSm

touft&a&m/ awmfvSefa&;oufwrf; t&yg 0g t}uD;qHk;? tvGefpdwf&SSnf+yD; &Jabmfrsm;&J@ cifrifav;pm;r_ukd cH&olyg? 48 ckESpf/ awmfvSefa&;tpydkif;rSm ygwDA[kdtajccHpcef;ukd umuG,f+yD; Akdvfaemfqkdif;&J@ ucsifaoewfukdifwyfukd wGef;vSefwkdufckdufcJhol Akdvfrª;&JxGef;yg? ol[m*syefacwfrSm emrnf}uD;vSwJh AkdvfcsKyf ausmfaZm&J@ ‘pHjywyfppfausmif;qif;’ wOD;vnf; jzpfygw,f?

tckc&D;oGm;&if; ytkd@0f&Gmw&GmrSm acwWem;aecsdef/ &Jabmfrsm;u rdrdwkd@ wOD;csif;&J@ tawG;tac:[m bmvJqkdwm odcsifvkd@OD;av;ukd axmufjyulnDzkd@ awmif; qkd=uvkd@ aqG;aEG;=uwm/ OD;av;rSm aumif;aumif;awmif rem;&&Smygbl;? 'Dae@awmh u|efrtvSnfha&muf+yDrkd@/ naexrif;pm;+yD; OD;av;qDa&mufvmawmh OD;av;u tckvkd ajymvkdufwmyg?

u|efr[m ‘uGefjrLepfaumif; wa,muf’jzpfcsifvkd@/ ukd,fhrSm raumif;wJh tawG;tac: bmawG&SdaeovJ? bmawGjyKjyif&rvJqkdwmodcsifvkd@ OD;av;ukd axmuf jyulnDyg&ef wifjyawmif;qkdxm;vkd@/ 'Dae@[m u|efrtvSnfhyg?

u|efr[m bmu pajym&rSef;rodwmrkd@/ bmrS rajymao;bJ OD;av;rsufESm ukdyJ pkduf=unfhaerdw,f? tem;rSm u|efreJ@ tazmftjzpfygvmwJh &Jabmfrpef; uawmh ajryJawmifhav;awGukd tem;u rD;zkd}uD;xJrSm jymawG,uf+yD; zkwfaeygw,f?

“uJ æ ajymav? [kd;-i,fi,fuav;b0up+yD; rSwfrdoavmuf pOf;pm;+yD; ajymjy? bmrS ra=umufeJ@? &Sufp&mvnf; rvkdbl;?trSeftwkdif;omajym? usKyfwkd@[m &Jabmf&Jbuf awGvnf; jzpfw,f? +yD;awmh usKyfukd cifAsm;&J@ tazvkd oabmxm;+yD; ukd,fajymwwfovkdomajym? [kwfvm;”

“[kwfuJhOD;av;? u|efr rSwfrdoavmuf ajymjyygr,f”'DtcsdefrSm OD;av;[m tem;u a&eHqDrD;cGufuav;ukd ,l+yD; rD;xGef; aew,f? u|efrvnf; &Jabmfrpef; rD;zkwfxm;wJh ajryJawmifh

ESpfawmifh/ oHk;awmifhukd ,l+yD; pm;ae&if; OD;av;vkyfaewm +yD;atmifapmifhum bmupajym&rvJqkdwm pOf;pm; aerd w,f?

urBmraus/ ArmwawGurBmraus/ ArmwawGurBmraus/ ArmwawGurBmraus/ ArmwawGurBmraus/ ArmwawG'gwkd@ ajy/ 'gwkd@ajr'gwkd@ ajy/ 'gwkd@ajr'gwkd@ ajy/ 'gwkd@ajr'gwkd@ ajy/ 'gwkd@ajr'gwkd@ ajy/ 'gwkd@ajr'gigwkd@ajy'gigwkd@ajy'gigwkd@ajy'gigwkd@ajy'gigwkd@ajy“[Jh æ uav;x/ w&m;yGJ +yD;+yD? [kdrSm olrsm;awGawmif oDcsif;qkdukef+yD? x-x ighajr;”arar}uD;u ol@&ifcGifxJrSm tdyfaysmfaewJh u|efrudk,fukd v_yfE_d;awmh u|efr vnf; Ekd;vm+yD; x&yfvkdufw,f? tdyfcsifrl;wl;eJ@

arar}uD;&J@ ajcaxmufukd zufxm;+yD; ‘wkd@Arm’ oDcsif;ukd rD&muae+yD; vkdufatmfqkdvkdufw,f?oDcsif;vnf;qHk;? tm;vHk;vnf; jyef=uyg+yD? u|efrwkd@ ajr;tzGm;vnf; vltkyf }uD;eJ@a&m+yD; jznf;jznf;oGm;ae&mu “ighajr;av;

tdyfcsifwkef;eJ@wlw,f? vm æ vm ætar hausmay:wuf? tarykd;r,f”arar}uD;[m ajymajymqkdqkdeJ@ xkdifvkdufygw,f? u|efrvnf; arar}uD;&J@ ausmay:rSdef;+yD; vkdufoGm;ygw,f?“ighajr;av;u 'Dae@w&m;yGJrSm rtdyfpzl;/ tdyfwmukd;uGJ@? w&m;yGJuvnf; enf;enf; =umoGm;w,f”“[kwfuJh? ae@vnfu rtdyf&bl;arar}uD;&J@? rreJ@ upm;aewmeJ@? 'g a=umifh nusawmh tdyfaysmfoGm;wm”“ighajr;av; [kdOD;OD;awG a[mwmawG tukefrSwfrd&J@vm;”“[kwfuJh? rSwfrdw,f”“at; æ aumif;w,f? aumif;w,f? reufjzefus&if ararwkd@/ rrwkd@eJ@ tdrfem;u OD;OD;wkd@ukdyg jyefa[mjyaemf”“[kwfuJh? jyefa[mjyr,f? vkdwJhae&mus&if arar}uD;u ulajymay;aemf”

20

“at; æ ajymay;rSmaygh? 'gayr,fh rvkdygbl;? ighajr;av;u odyf^m%f aumif;wm? tukefrSwfrdwmyJ”ajr;tzGm;ESpfa,muf pum;ajym&if;vmvkduf=uwm tdrfukd a&mufvmyg+yD? 'gu u|efrwkd@ajr;tzGm; vkyfaeus tvkyfyg?ocifw&m;yGJwkdif; u|efrwkd@ajr;tzGm; a&mufwmcsnfhygyJ? u|efrwkd@ roGm; bl;wJh ocifw&m;yGJ&,fvkd@ r&Sdoavmuf ygyJ?

±kd;±kd;a[maeus ae&muawmh ysOf;r em;+rdK@ aps;ajrmufbuf taygufrSm t+rJa[mygw,f? wcgw&Hukd;cef;}uD;bk&m;rSm? wcgwav usawmhv,fwDpHausmif;rSm? b,frSmjzpfjzpf u|efr&J@tzGm;u owif;& ygw,f? u|efrwkd@u tzGm;ukd arar}uD;vkd@ ac:ygw,f? arar}uD;[m+rdK@cHvlvnf; jzpfawmh rdwfaqG taygif;toif; rsm;ygw,f? t,kwftvwf/ tjrwfra&G; tm;vHk;ukd azmfa&GcifrifpGm aygif;oif;qufqHwwfw,f? pum;ajymajyjypf+yD; olwyg;ukdvnf; ulnDwwfygw,f? pum;ajymvnf; tvGefaumif;ygw,f? olrsm;eJ@qufqH&if tay:pD;uraeyg? ‘vl@atmuf}udK@vkd@ vlydraobl;? opfyifatmuf}udK@&if opfyifyd aowwfw,f’? 'g[m tar}uD;&J@ vufoHk;pum;yg?

tJ'Dvkd w&m;yGJ+yD;oGm;&if aemufae@us ae@vnfem;wJhtcsdef/ arar&,f/ rr&,f/ tdrfeD;em;csif; OD;OD;/ a':a':awGu u|efrukdw&m;a[mckdif;ygw,f? u|efru ckHwvHk;ay:wuf rwfwwf&yf? u|efrem;axmifcJh&wmawG/ jrifcJh&wmawGukd [efyef utp wlatmifvkyfjy+yD;w&m;a[mjyygw,f? wcgvnf; rSwfrdao;w,f? OD;OD; wa,mufa[mwJh yHkpHtwkdif; xbDudk wkdwkd0wf/ cHkay:wuf vufoD;qkyf+yD;“ukvm;jzLawG&J@ tvkdawmf&dawG/ AsL±kdu&ufqkd;awGukd a[m'Dvkd ajcaxmufeJ@ uefjyr,f ” qkd+yD; ajymajymqkdqkd uefjyvkdufwm tm;vGef+yD; ckHay:uatmufukd arSmufvsufom; usoGm;vkd@ atmufuorHwvif;qkdawmh ezl;a,mifoGm;wmeJ@ yGJr+yD;vkdufbl;? ikdyGJeJ@ tqHk;owfcJh&zl;w,f?

u|efr[m yGJ}unhfvnf; nvHk;ayguf=unfhw,f? rtdyfbl;? ±kyf&Sif=unfh =unfh? w&m;yGJoGm;oGm;? b,fawmhrS rtdyfyg? yGJ=unfhvnf;bmZmwfcif;w,f? rif; orD;/ rif;om;/ vl=urf;awG bmqkdw,f? bmajymw,f? trlt&mutp tm;vHk;rSwf rdw,f? aemufae@us ararwdk@/rrwkd@tyg tdrfeD;em;csif; y&dowfurenf;yg? olwkd@ u yGJawmif;wmeJ@ ZmwfpHkcif;+yD;/ ajymjyvkyfjy? w0g;0g; w[m;[m;eJ@ vltawmf pnfygw,f?arar}uD;uvnf; oabmus+yD; w+yHK;+yHK;eJ@?“[kdrif;orD;uav;u b,fvkd uw,f? oDcsif;av;u bmwJh? ujy/ qkdjyvkduf ygOD;? ighajr;uodyfawmf wm”eJ@/ 0if0if+yD; axmufay;&if; acsmhvkduf/ ajr‡mufvkdufeJ@ ckdif;wwf ygao;w,f? tJ'Dtcg u|efruvnf; ckdif;wmtukefvkyfygw,f?wae@wae@aysmfp&m}uD;ygyJ?

u|efrwkd@ rdom;pk tm;vHk;[m yGJtvGef}udKufygw,f? u|efrwkd@+rdK@rSm ESpfpOf bk&m;yGJawmfawG rsm;ygw,f? OD;zkd;pdef/ a±$ref;wifarmif/OD;atmifarmif;/ pdefatmifrif;/ bmyGJjzpfjzpf vmor#yGJwkdif; uefx±kdufqGJwmu yGJpm;}uD; OD;udk}uD;/ a':tHk;arwkd@u yifwkdif uefx±kdufqGJwmrkd@u|efrwkd@u zsmqkd&ifvnf; qkdif;0dkif;aemufu uyfvsufzsm? ±Hk0ifcqkd&ifvnf; wjym;rS ray;&yg? yGJ 10 &ufu&if 10nvHk;=unfhw,f?ausmif;ydfwf &ufqdk&if u|efru yGJ=unfh+yD; tdrfrjyef&yg? OD;ukd}uD;/ a':tHk;arwkd@u uav;i,f r&Sdawmh u|efrukdyJ olwkd@ ESpfa,muf=um;rSmxm;tdyf/ olwkd@ukd taz/ tar ac:ckdif;+yD; twlaetwlpm;/ ae@vnfqkd&if u|efrukd uckdif;eJ@ arar}uD;u naerS a&mufvm wwfw,f?

±kyf&Sifqkd&ifvnf; ‘±GdKif&,f’±kyf&Sif±H krSm um;opfvJwkdif; =unfhygw,f? ±kyf&Sif uefx±kdufwm ukefonf a':pdrf;&ifut+rJuefx±kdufqGJ+yD;/ arar}uD;eJ@ tvGefcif wmrkd@ vufrSwfr0,f&yg? wcgw&H odyftm;emvkd@ arar}uD;u vufrSwf0,f+yD; twif;ay;&iftvGefpdwfqkd;ygw,f? um;opfvJwkdif; arar}uD;ukd t+rJ ta=umif; =um;ygw,f? vm=unfhzkd@ t+rJac:ygw,f? 'DvkdeJ@ u|efrwkd@ ajr;tzGm;[m±kyf&Sif qkdvnf; rvGwfwrf;/ yG Jqkdvnf; rvGwfwrf;=unfh/ ocifw&m;yG Jqkdvnf; rvGwfwrf; oGm;w,f? ocifw&m;yG J qkd&ifae&maumif;aumif;&atmif apmapmoGm;/ a&S@qHk; uae &m,l? ocifw&m;yGJ xHk;pHtwkdif; w&m;yGJ+yD;˜ +yDqkd&if y&dowftm;vHk;[m rwfwwf&yfygw,f? ‘wkd@Arm ocif’oDcsif;eJ@ tqHk;owfygw,f? “urBmraus ArmwawG” qkdwJhoH+ydKiftykd'frSm y&dowfawGyg tm;vHk;0kdif;qdk&ygw,f?oDcsif;qHk;+yDqkd&if “w&m; yGJ+yD;yg+yD”vkd@ a=unm+yD;rS tm;vHk; jyef=u&wmyg?

u|efr[m ocifw&m;yGJrSm ocifawG/ ocifrawG w&m;a[mwmudk odyf tm;usrdygw,f? 'geJ@‘u|efr ocifr-vkyf csifw,f’vkd@arar}uD;udk c%c% ylqm vGef;vkd@ rwwfomwJhtqHk; arar}uD;u u|efrtwGuf yifeD&ifzHk;tuôseJ@ a,mxbD av; wxnf csKyfay;ygw,f?araru tJ'Dtuôsav; &ifzHk;ay:rSm =unfjym a&mif yef;jcnfeJ@‘ocifr cif=unf’vkd@ yef;pmvHk;vSvSav; xkd;ay;ygw,f? u|efrav}udKufvkdufwm ocif w&m;yGJoGm;wkdif; tJ'D0wfpHkukd 0wf&rS auseyfw,f? cgwkdif; 0wfaeus *g0efav;awGukd b,fvkdacsmh0wfay;vnf;r&ygbl;? tJ'Dvkd0wfpHkav;ukd 0wfoGm;wkdif; awG@wJh vlwkdif;u “[,f æ ocifr}uD;vmw,fa[h? vSw,fa[h”eJ@ csD;usL;=u? tm;ay;=uwmaygh?tJ'Dvkd ajymoHawG=um;av u|efru ykdajrmufavjzpf aeygw,f? rruvnf; u|efrukd ajr‡mufay;w,f? rru u|efrxuf ig;ESpfausmf/ajcmufESpf avmuf }uD;wmyg?

“a[h æ t=unf/ eifeJ@odyfvkdufwmyJ[m? eifu tom;vnf;jzLw,f? 0vnf; 0awmh ykdvkdufwmaygh[? igvnf; 0wfcsifw,f?araru ighukdrJ+yD; ydefvkd@ rvkdufbl;wJh[m? csKyfray;bl; ”vkd@ajym&Smygw,f?

u|efrazazu a&S@aepma&;}uD; OD;zkd;aomif/ araru a':tHk;&ifwJh? u|efrwkd@ nDtpfr ESpfa,mufyJ &Sdw,f? rru ‘rjroGif’wJh?tdrfrSmac:awmh ‘trm’vkd@ cspfpEkd; ac:ygw,f? u|efru Zmwmemrnf ‘rcif=unf’wJh? i,femrnfu ‘wkwfwkwf’ vkd@ cspfpEkd;ac:ygw,f?awmu trsKd;awGtm;vHk;uawmh }uD;vmwJhtxd ‘wkwfwkwf’ yJ ac:=uwmyg?

u|efru ti,fqkdawmh arar}uD;u ac:xm;w,f? ararwkd@qDrSm rr wa,mufwnf;yJ usefw,f? wcgw&H ausmif;ydwf&ufrru twif;ac:vkd@ rrwkd@ tdrfukd oGm;vnfw,f? 2-3 &ufqkd&if arar}uD;u vmac:wmyJ? u|efru rreJ@ upm;vkduf/ nus rreJ@tdyfvkdufeJ@aysmfaewmukd;? 'ga=umifh odyfrjyefcsifbl;? rru vnf; rvkdufapcsifbl;? 'DvkdtcgrsKd;rSm arar}uD;u u|efryg;av;ukd erf;+yD; “ighajr;av; utarhukd rvGrf;bl;vm;? tarujzifh vGrf;vkduf&wm” vkd@ajym+yD;/ rsuf&nfawG 0kdif;ae&if u|efrvnf; pdwfraumif;jzpf+yD; “arar}uD;qDjyefr,f? jyefr,f”vkd@ ajymvkduf&if arar}uD;[m +yHK;aewmyJ? tJ'DtcgrSm rru E_wfcrf;pl ae&if ab;rSm =unfhaewJh araru “ighorD;uvdrfrmygw,f? nDrav;u 'DrSmvmae&if arar}uD; u wa,mufwnf;? oem;ygw,f? uJ æ ararvnf; jyefawmhav? uav;uvnf;vkdufoGm;aemf? aemufwcgausmif;ydwfawmh vmvnfOD;aygh? rreJ@ upm;&atmifaemf? uJ æ rru arar}uD;ukd +cHayguf0 a&mufatmif

21

vkdufykd@vkdufygOD;”vkd@ ajymvdkufawmh arar}uD;[m +yHK;+yHK;&$if&$ifeJ@ ol@orD;}uD;ukd E_wfquf+yD; u|efrvufukd qGJum jyefcJh awmhw,f?u|efr[m arar}uD;tdrfeJ@ ararhtdrf/ ESpftdrf=um;rSm vrf;ul;ºuufvkd vl;vmjyefcsD vkyfaeygw,f?azazeJ@ arar}uD;[m qef@usifbufyJ? azaz[m vuf&Sdtpkd;&ukd }udKuf w,f? txifvnf;}uD;w,f? ocifawGta=umif;ajym&if

‘[if;-zm;wkvkd@ c±kyGuf&if tkdifysuf±Hk &Sdawmhraygh? ocifaygufp axmif 6vqkdwm 'gyJ’vdk@ t+rJajymygw,f? arar}uD;a&S@rSm rajymayr,fhuG,f&mus&if t+rJajymw,f? azaz[m vlwpdrf; r[kwfygbl;? azaz&J@ rdcif[m arar}uD;&J@ nDr0rf;uGJ jzpfygw,f? azazeJ@ arar[marmifESpfr ESpf0rf;uGJawmfygw,f? vl}uD;csif; oabmwlvkd@ &cJhwmyg? azazu arar }uD;ukd ‘}uD;a':’vkd@ ac:ygw,f?

wae@ azazwkd@tdrfrSm u|efrtvnfa&mufaewkef; azazu ±Hk;oGm;cgeD;rSm u|efrukd=unfh+yD; “eifwkd@ajr;tzGm; ocifw&m;yGJawGukdusyfusyfoGm;? b,fawmh tzrf;cH& rvJ? cH&vdrfhr,f”vkd@ ajymoGm;ygw,f? naeusawmh u|efru arar}uD;ukd azazu ajymwmawGjyefajymjy+yD;/ “azazajymwmrSefovm;”vkd@ arar}uD;ukd ar; =unfhygw,f?

“rrSefbl;? ol@pum;ukd em;axmifraeeJ@? olu u|efpdwfaygufaewm? bm EkdifiHa&;rS em;rvnf/ pdwfvnf;r0ifpm;wJh‘ikd@b’orm;yJ”wJh? arar}uD;u jyefajym ygawmhw,f?

“tarh æ EkdifiHa&;qkdwm bmvJ? ‘ikd@b’qkdwmaum bmukdajymwmvJ”“EdkifiHa&;qkdwm wEkdifiHvHk;uvlawG&J@ ta&;aygh? tJ'DtxJrSm tarwkd@/ ighajr;wkd@ ta&;aum usefwJhvlawG tm;vHk;&J@ ta&;aum

ygwmaygh? tm;vHk;aumif; pm;rS udk,fvnf; aumif;pm;rSm? ocif[m vlaumif;awG? ukvm;jzL&J@ u|efoabmuf b0u vGwfajrmufatmifukd,fhtwGuf bmrSr=unfhbJ tqif;&JcH/ 'kuQcHvkyfae=uwJh/ vlolawmfaumif;awG? 'g[m jrifhjrwfw,f? ‘ikd@b’qkdwmu ‘ighbkd@’aygh? bmpOf;pm;,pOf;pm;/ ighzkd@-igaumif;pm;zkd@/ igh twGufaygh”

“[if-arar}uD;uvnf; ocifawGu vkyfwmawmh aumif;yg&J@? ocifvkyf wm aiGvnf;r&bl;? +yD;awmh qif;&J 'kuQvnf;cH&ao;w,f? axmifvnf; tuscH& ao;w,f? aumif;wm bm&Sdao;vJ”

u|efru pdwfxJ&Sdwm uav;yDyD/ ukd,fpOf;pm;&oavmuf ajymvkdufawmh arar}uD;u jymjymovJeJ@ “tkd æ ighajr;av;ES,f/tJ'Dvkd pOf;pm;&if rSm;wmaygh? nnf;azazvkd ‘ikd@b’orm;jzpfoGm;r,f? ighajr; woufvHk; rSwfxm;? vlqkdwm bmpOf; pm;,pOf;pm;/ ‘ighbkd@’wckyJpOf;pm;wJhvl[m raumif;bl;? 'g[m vlr[kwfbl;? EGm;yJ? ighajr;av; EGm;awGukd jrifzl; w,f r[kwfvm;? EGm;qkdwm ol@ukd,fay:rSm wbkd@yJ±Sdw,f?vlqkdwm EGm;xuf jrifhjrwfw,f? tqifh jrifhw,f? 'ga=umif hpOf;pm;&if ‘ighbkd@’qkdwmukd t&ifrpOf;pm;&bl;? olrsm;twGufyg pOf;pm;ay;&w,f?vkyfay;&w,f? 'grS vlaumif; jzpfw,f? jrifhjrwfw,f? *k%f&Sdw,f? tckocifawG 'kuQqif;&JcH/ axmifuscHw,fqkdwm bm[kwfao;vJ?'g[m tayghpm;yJ &S dao;w,f? ukd,fwkdif;jynf ukd,fvlrsK d;twGufqkd toufukdawmif pGef@&ao;w,f? 'grsdK;rS jrif hjrwfw,f?*k%f&Sdw,fvkd@ac:w,f? aiG&Sd wm[m *k%f&Sdwmr[kwfbl;odvm;? ighajr; aumif;aumif;rSwfxm;aemf”

“[kwfuJh” u|efr[m arar}uD;ajymwmawGukd em;axmif+yD; ‘ikd@b’jzpfoGm; rSmukd pOf;pm;+yD; a=umufaeygw,f? }uD;vm&ifvlaumif;jzpfzkd@/ EGm;rjzpfatmif ig}udK; pm;r,fvkd@ pOf;pm;aeygw,f?

ukd,fhbk&if-ukd,fhocifukdukd,fhbk&if-ukd,fhocifukdukd,fhbk&if-ukd,fhocifukdukd,fhbk&if-ukd,fhocifukdukd,fhbk&if-ukd,fhocifukdar#mfrSef;&nfar#mfrSef;&nfar#mfrSef;&nfar#mfrSef;&nfar#mfrSef;&nfausmif;ydwf&ufwae@/ u|efr[m ae@cif;ysif;ysif; &SdwmeJ@ arar}uD;tem;rSm xkdif+yD; ‘ygawmfrl’oDcsif;ukd qkdaerdw,f?

tJ'Dtcsdefwkef;u 'DygawmfrloDcsif;[m odyf acwfpm;wmyJ?“(ukd,fhbk&if - ukd,fhocifukdar#mfrSef;&nf »»» ,ae@wkdif rarhEkdifygawmh » +yD)2“(ukd,fhbk&if - ukd,fhocifukdar#mfrSef;&nf »»» ,ae@wkdif rarhEkdifygawmh » +yD)2“(ukd,fhbk&if - ukd,fhocifukdar#mfrSef;&nf »»» ,ae@wkdif rarhEkdifygawmh » +yD)2“(ukd,fhbk&if - ukd,fhocifukdar#mfrSef;&nf »»» ,ae@wkdif rarhEkdifygawmh » +yD)2“(ukd,fhbk&if - ukd,fhocifukdar#mfrSef;&nf »»» ,ae@wkdif rarhEkdifygawmh » +yD)2 (bD±kday: armifESHwifvkd@ »» aqmifjyeft±Sif » ZmwmEGrf;vkd@ » jref;&&Smavonf)2 (bD±kday: armifESHwifvkd@ »» aqmifjyeft±Sif » ZmwmEGrf;vkd@ » jref;&&Smavonf)2 (bD±kday: armifESHwifvkd@ »» aqmifjyeft±Sif » ZmwmEGrf;vkd@ » jref;&&Smavonf)2 (bD±kday: armifESHwifvkd@ »» aqmifjyeft±Sif » ZmwmEGrf;vkd@ » jref;&&Smavonf)2 (bD±kday: armifESHwifvkd@ »» aqmifjyeft±Sif » ZmwmEGrf;vkd@ » jref;&&Smavonf)2 urBmtvDvD wtm;,kwfapzkd@ » tmVm0Dw urBmtvDvD wtm;,kwfapzkd@ » tmVm0Dw urBmtvDvD wtm;,kwfapzkd@ » tmVm0Dw urBmtvDvD wtm;,kwfapzkd@ » tmVm0Dw urBmtvDvD wtm;,kwfapzkd@ » tmVm0Dwcg;u xkwfvkd@» &mZmorkwdukd aqmifonf »»»g;u xkwfvkd@» &mZmorkwdukd aqmifonf »»»g;u xkwfvkd@» &mZmorkwdukd aqmifonf »»»g;u xkwfvkd@» &mZmorkwdukd aqmifonf »»»g;u xkwfvkd@» &mZmorkwdukd aqmifonf »»»“[Jh-uav;”arar}uD;u u|efrukdac:aew,f? arar}uD;a&m/ araryg u|efrukd ‘uav;’vkd@yJ t+rJac:ygw,f?

arar}uD; ac:oHa=umifh oDcsif;qdkwm&yf+yD; arar}uD;ukd vSrf;=unfhvkdufawmh arar}uD;[m ta0;udkvSrf;+yD; ai;=unfhae&muu|efrbufukd vSnfhvmw,f? rsufESm uvnf; awmfawmfraumif;bl;? u|efruvnf; u|efr 'DoDcsif;qkdwm r}udKufvkd@vm; vkd@ &ifxJrSmw'dwf'dwfeJ@? “arar}uD; bmvJ [if/ bmjzpfvkd@vJ”

“bmrS rjzpfygbl;? ighajr;u oDcsif; awmfawmfqkdwwfwmyJ? tckqkdwJhoDcsif; u em;axmifvdk@ awmfawmfaumif;w,f?ighajr;tptqHk; &ovm;”

u|efrrSm arar}uD;&J@pum;ukd =um;&awmh &ifxJutylvHk;}uD; usoGm; w,f?“[kwfuJh? &w,ftar”“at;&&if/ tarhukd tptqHk; qkdjyprf;ygat”u|efrrSm tHh=ovkd@rqHk;jzpf+yD; arar}uD;rsufESmukd =unfhaerdw,f? t&ifu 'Dvkd wcgrS rckdif;zl;bl;?“vkyfav æ qkdyg/ ighajr;&J@? tarem;axmifcsifvkd@yg? aumif;aumif;av; qkdaemf æ”u|efrrSm arar}uD;u ckvkdajymaeawmh toHukd b,fup+yD;/ b,fvkdxm; &rSef; rodjzpfaeygw,f? toHu uyfaeovkdvkd bmvkdvkd?“uJ æ uJ/ qkdyg? ighajr;qkdwwfovkdom qkdyg”

22

u|efru acsmif;ESpfcsufoHk;csuf [ef@vkduf+yD;rS oDcsif;pqkdvkdufygw,f?&wemyHkaejynf » rif; q,fhwquf (tkyfpkd;cJhonf)2 » a&S;a&S;wkef;uawmh » tvGefom,mpnf » oDayg&mZm » eef;pH 7&wemyHkaejynf » rif; q,fhwquf (tkyfpkd;cJhonf)2 » a&S;a&S;wkef;uawmh » tvGefom,mpnf » oDayg&mZm » eef;pH 7&wemyHkaejynf » rif; q,fhwquf (tkyfpkd;cJhonf)2 » a&S;a&S;wkef;uawmh » tvGefom,mpnf » oDayg&mZm » eef;pH 7&wemyHkaejynf » rif; q,fhwquf (tkyfpkd;cJhonf)2 » a&S;a&S;wkef;uawmh » tvGefom,mpnf » oDayg&mZm » eef;pH 7&wemyHkaejynf » rif; q,fhwquf (tkyfpkd;cJhonf)2 » a&S;a&S;wkef;uawmh » tvGefom,mpnf » oDayg&mZm » eef;pH 7

ESpfrSm » jzpf&wJhta&;ukd » awG;rdygawmh » »onf?ESpfrSm » jzpf&wJhta&;ukd » awG;rdygawmh » »onf?ESpfrSm » jzpf&wJhta&;ukd » awG;rdygawmh » »onf?ESpfrSm » jzpf&wJhta&;ukd » awG;rdygawmh » »onf?ESpfrSm » jzpf&wJhta&;ukd » awG;rdygawmh » »onf?(jrefrmjynf Zmwfvrf;±_wfor#ukd » a&$unpfeJ@a&;um pmukdpD » &mZXmeD » jreef;o±kyfZmwfrSmawmh » » {u&mZfeJ@(jrefrmjynf Zmwfvrf;±_wfor#ukd » a&$unpfeJ@a&;um pmukdpD » &mZXmeD » jreef;o±kyfZmwfrSmawmh » » {u&mZfeJ@(jrefrmjynf Zmwfvrf;±_wfor#ukd » a&$unpfeJ@a&;um pmukdpD » &mZXmeD » jreef;o±kyfZmwfrSmawmh » » {u&mZfeJ@(jrefrmjynf Zmwfvrf;±_wfor#ukd » a&$unpfeJ@a&;um pmukdpD » &mZXmeD » jreef;o±kyfZmwfrSmawmh » » {u&mZfeJ@(jrefrmjynf Zmwfvrf;±_wfor#ukd » a&$unpfeJ@a&;um pmukdpD » &mZXmeD » jreef;o±kyfZmwfrSmawmh » » {u&mZfeJ@

a0;wm =umav+yD) 2 » » 1247 ckESpfrSm twnf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqkyf 8 &ufae@ukdawmh » ,ae@wkdifyg+yD » rar@Ekdif yg+yD » atmf »a0;wm =umav+yD) 2 » » 1247 ckESpfrSm twnf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqkyf 8 &ufae@ukdawmh » ,ae@wkdifyg+yD » rar@Ekdif yg+yD » atmf »a0;wm =umav+yD) 2 » » 1247 ckESpfrSm twnf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqkyf 8 &ufae@ukdawmh » ,ae@wkdifyg+yD » rar@Ekdif yg+yD » atmf »a0;wm =umav+yD) 2 » » 1247 ckESpfrSm twnf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqkyf 8 &ufae@ukdawmh » ,ae@wkdifyg+yD » rar@Ekdif yg+yD » atmf »a0;wm =umav+yD) 2 » » 1247 ckESpfrSm twnf/ wefaqmifrkef;vqkyf 8 &ufae@ukdawmh » ,ae@wkdifyg+yD » rar@Ekdif yg+yD » atmf »,ae@wkdifyg+yD » rarhEkdifygonf » a&ajr@&Sifukd ,liifoGm;awmh » » vl&Siftrsm;wkd@ » a=uuGJ=uvkd@ » a&enf; ig;yHktwnf » a=omf »,ae@wkdifyg+yD » rarhEkdifygonf » a&ajr@&Sifukd ,liifoGm;awmh » » vl&Siftrsm;wkd@ » a=uuGJ=uvkd@ » a&enf; ig;yHktwnf » a=omf »,ae@wkdifyg+yD » rarhEkdifygonf » a&ajr@&Sifukd ,liifoGm;awmh » » vl&Siftrsm;wkd@ » a=uuGJ=uvkd@ » a&enf; ig;yHktwnf » a=omf »,ae@wkdifyg+yD » rarhEkdifygonf » a&ajr@&Sifukd ,liifoGm;awmh » » vl&Siftrsm;wkd@ » a=uuGJ=uvkd@ » a&enf; ig;yHktwnf » a=omf »,ae@wkdifyg+yD » rarhEkdifygonf » a&ajr@&Sifukd ,liifoGm;awmh » » vl&Siftrsm;wkd@ » a=uuGJ=uvkd@ » a&enf; ig;yHktwnf » a=omf »» oDayg&mZm» oDayg&mZm» oDayg&mZm» oDayg&mZm» oDayg&mZm ygawmfrl&Smonf » »ygawmfrl&Smonf » »ygawmfrl&Smonf » »ygawmfrl&Smonf » »ygawmfrl&Smonf » »

(ukd,fhbk&if » ukd,fhocifukd » ar#mf » rSef; » &nf » ,ae@wkdif »(ukd,fhbk&if » ukd,fhocifukd » ar#mf » rSef; » &nf » ,ae@wkdif »(ukd,fhbk&if » ukd,fhocifukd » ar#mf » rSef; » &nf » ,ae@wkdif »(ukd,fhbk&if » ukd,fhocifukd » ar#mf » rSef; » &nf » ,ae@wkdif »(ukd,fhbk&if » ukd,fhocifukd » ar#mf » rSef; » &nf » ,ae@wkdif » rarhEkdifygawmhonf)2rarhEkdifygawmhonf)2rarhEkdifygawmhonf)2rarhEkdifygawmhonf)2rarhEkdifygawmhonf)2u|efr[m oDcsif;ukd tptqHk; qkd+yD;wmeJ@ arar}uD;ukd =unfhvkdufygw,f? arar}uD;[m b,ftcsdefu p+yD; ikdaew,f rod?

rsufESmrSm eD&Jae+yD; rsuf&nfawG &$Jaeygw,f?“arar}uD; bmvkd@ikdaewmvJ [if/ bmvdk@ikdaewmvJ”u|efr[m ajymajymqdkqkd arar}uD;&J@ vnfyif;ukd zuf+yD; u|efryg ikdcsifovkd vkd jzpfvmw,f?arar}uD;[m ol@&J@xHk;pHtwkdif; u|efrukd qGJayG@+yD; &ifcGifxJ xnfhxm;vkduf w,f? +yD;awmhrS avoHat;at;eJ@ æ“rikdygbl;ighajr;&,f? tar rikdygbl;? ighajr;vnf; rikdygeJ@? taru [kd; -twdwfu tjzpfawGukd jyefpOf;pm;rdvkd@yg”“aeygtHk;? ighajr;u tJ'DoDcsif; t"dy`m,faum em;vnf;vkd@vm;”“[kwfuJh em;vnfw,f? araru t"dy`m,fawG ajymjyw,f”arar}uD;[m u|efryg;ukd wcsuferf;vkdufw,f? u|efrrsufESmukd tuJcwf vkduf+yD;rS æ“'DvkduGJ@ ighajr;&J@? tJ'Dvkd wkd@t&Sif ESpfyg;/ =urRmqkd;0if+yD; 'kuQa&mufcJh&ovkd wkd@jynfolw&yfvHk;[mvnf; =urRmqkd;0if+yD; ukvm;jzL&J@

u|efoabmufb0ukd a&mufcJh &w,f? tar}uD;&J@ b0[mvnf; tJ'DtcsdefuyJ pcJh&wmayghuG,f”“bm æ bm æ bm ajymw,ftar? tar}uD; ajymwmu|efr em;rvnfbl;? =urRmqkd;qkdwm bmvJ? ukvm;jzLqkdwmuaum

bmvJ”“at; æ at;/ ighajr;av;u i,fawmh odyfem;rvnfbl;aygh? 'DvkduGJ@? =urRmqkd;qkdwm +*dK[fqkd;0ifw,fvkd@ ajymwm? uHqkd;w,faygh?

ukvm;jzLqkdwm tck t*Fvdyfukd ac:wmaygh”“+yD;awmh arar}uD;&J@b0ukd pcJhw,fqkdwmuaum bmajymwmvJ tarh”“a=omf æ a=omf æ pum;ukd c%&yfvkdufw,f? u|efruawmh arar}uD; ajymvmr,fh pum;ukd ar#mfvifhw}uD; em;axmif

aeygw,f? arar}uD;u pum;ajym&if pdwfvnf; &Snfw,f? aemufol@pum;awGu xl;xl;qef;qef;awGcsnf;yJ rsm;w,f?“tJ'D t&SifESpfyg; ygawmfrlwJhae@u arar}uD;&J@ taru ykef;wyfukd xGuf ajy;&if; vrf;w0ufavmufrSm rD;zGm;wmaygh? twlygvmwJh

rdef;rtazmfawGuyJ tar}uD;&J@ tarukd 0kdif;0ef;jyKpk csDayG@ac:oGm;=u&w,fwJh? ykef;wyfqkdwmu &efol ukvm;jzLwyfawG rawG@atmifawmxJrSm ykef;wJhpcef;ukd ac:wm? tJ'Dykef;wyfrSm &duQmawG/ tzkd;wefypPnf;awG/ ouf}uD;&G,ftkdawGeJ@ uav;awG/ rdef;rawG tm;vHk;ae=uwJh ae&maygh? ykef;wyfukd tqifhqifh xm;w,fwJh? a,mufsm;qkdvkd@ wa,mufrS r&Sdbl;wJh”

“[if-a,mufsm;awGu b,foGm;aevkd@vJ”“a,mufsm;awGu tm;vHk; ukd,fhwkdif;jynf ukd,fhvlrsK d;twGuf usL;ausmfvm wJh &efol(ukvm;jzL)awGukd xGufwkduf

ae=u&w,fav”“'gjzifh arar}uD;&J@ tazvnf; ygoGm;wmayghaemf 攓tkd-ygwmaygh ighajr;&J@? arar}uD;&J@ tazu ol}uD;yJ? oluacgif;aqmif+yD; a&S@u xGufwm? &efolukd wkdufwmuGJ@”“arar}uD;&J@ azazu b,folwJhvJ? b,frSmaewmvJ [if”“at; æ ighajr;=um;zl;w,f r_wfvm;? rEWav;qkdwmav? tJ'DrEWav; eJ@ odyfra0;bl;uGJ@? [HZm;-oJawm qkdwm &Sdw,f? 'D

[HZm;-oJawmu ol}uD; zkd;a&$vl wJh? olZeD;u &Sifat;ndKvkd@ac:w,f?“nwcsufwD;ausmfavmuf vxGufcsdefrSm æ zkd;a&$vl ykef;wyfukd a&mufvm w,f? ZeD;u ukd,f0eft&ifhtrm}uD;eJ@rkd@ pdwfrcsvkd@

ykef;wyftxd vm=unfhwmaygh? ykef;wyfa&mufawmh eEGif;w0if;0if;eJ@ &Sifat;ndKukd usef;usef;rmrmeJ@ awG@&w,f? “uav;aum” vkd@ar;awmh/“uav;u tr$myl;av;av/ arG;vm+yD; r=umcifrSmyJ a,mufsm;av;u aooGm;w,f? tJ'geJ@ tr$myl;qkdawmh usefwJhrdef;uav;vnf;aorSmyJqkd+yD; vrf;ab;u +cHKwef;ay: v$ifhypfcJhw,f”vkd@ ab;u0kdif; jyKpkae=uwJh rdef;razmfwokdufu tusKd;ta=umif; ajymjyawmh “zkd;a&$vl[mrjrifvkduf&wJh &ifaoG;av;twGuf &ifxkrem jzpfcJh&+yD; &ifaoG;av;awG rsufESmukd jrif&&if awmfao; vkd@pOf;pm;rdw,f? 'geJ@ykef;wyfucsufcsif; aemuf&if; jyefvSnfhxGufoGm;+yD; &ifaoG; av;awGukd &SmyHkawmf xGufcJhw,f?

olwkd@ajymvkdufwJh vrf;ckvwfu +cHKwef;w0kdufem;a&mufawmh æ em;xJrSm ‘tJh æ tJh’eJ@ cav;ikdoHvkdvkd =um;vkdufrdovkdvkdyJwJh?'geJ@ zkd;a&$vl[m tm; wufoa&meJ@ +cHKwef;ay:ukd *±kwpkdufeJ@ &Sm=unfhawmh æ vjynfhausmf 8 &uf va&mif atmufrSm wv_yfv_yf ‘tJhæ tJh’eJ@ikdaewJh vufarmif;avmuf uav;i,fav;ukd awG@&w,fwJh?

uHtm;avsmfpGmyJ uav;ESpfa,muf[m tr$myl;qkdayr,fh tcsif;wkdif uawmh wckpDwJh? tJ'geJ@ zkd;a&$vl[m vufu ukdifxm;wJhiSuf}uD;awmif"m;eJ@ tcsif; wkdifukd jzwf/ csuf}udK;ukd csnfvkd fuf+yD; uav;ukd cg;yH kpxJ xnfhum 0rf;om tm;&eJ@ ykef;wyfukdtajy;uav;jye fc J hw,fwJ h ? y ke f ;wyfa&mufawmh n&J @tat;'%fa=umif h wuk d,fvH k ; jymaewJ h uav;uk d vk dtyfovk d

23

0kdif;0ef;jyKpkxm;vkduf=uw,fwJh”arar}uD;[m armoGm;wJh[efeJ@ c%em;vkdufw,f?“tarh-tarh-tJ'Duav;av;u tckb,frSmvJ? tckb,frSmvJ” u|efr tm;rvkd/ tm;r& arar}uD;&J@ vufarmif;udk

ukdifv_yf&rf;+yD; ar;aerdw,f?“&Sdwmaygh-ighajr;&J@? tJ'Duav;av;[m 'Darar}uD;yJaygh”vkd@ +yHK;+yHK;}uD;eJ@ ajymae&Smw,f?“tarh-‘cg;yHkp’qkdwmbmvJ[if? +yD;awmh tJ'Dbkd;bkd;}uD;u u|efrwkd@eJ@ b,fvkdawmfovJ? b,fvkdac:&rSmvJ”“a=omf æ a=omfæ[kwfwmaygh? a&S;wkef;ua,mufsm;awG ykqkd;0wfw,f qkdwm tawmifESpfq,frS 0wfw,f? [kd Zmwfrif;om;awG

0wfwm awG@w,f r_wf vm;? cg;rSm 0wf+yD;wJhaemuf tpt&Snf}uD;usaewJh ykqkd;pav? tJ'gcg;yHkpaygh? tJ'gxJ xnfh+yD; xkyfvkdufwmaygh?tJ'Dbkd;bkd;}uD;u ighajr;wkd@&J@ ab;}uD;aygh? rSwfxm;aemf æ zkd;a&$vl æ wJh? ab;r, }uD;uawmh &Sifat;ndK wJh”

“tJ'Dbkd;bkd;}uD;u ppfxGufae&mu olwa,mufwnf; ykef;wyfukd jyefvm wm aygh æ aemf”“tkd æ b,f[kwfrvJuG,fh? 'Dvkdav æ tJ'Dae@rSmyJ t&SifESpfyg;[m &efol@ vufwGif; usoGm;+yDqkdwJh owif;qkd;}uD;ukd

tm;vHk;odcJh=u&vkd@ 0rf;enf;yufvuf jzpf=u&+yD; tm;vHk; wyfqkwfcJh=u&wm? tJ'DrSm æ ighajr;&J@bkd;bkd;}uD;[m bGm;bGm;}uD; uukd,f0eft&ifhtrmeJ@rkd@ pdwfrcsvkd@ ykef;wyftxd vkdufvmwmayhg”

“arar}uD; æ arar}uD; tJ'Dbkd;bkd;}uD;u vSovm;[if-bGm;bGm;}uD; uaum vSovm;”“at; æ bGm;bGm;}uD;uawmh rsufvHk;rsufzef aumif;w,fuGJ@? ESmwHvnf; wif xm;ovkdyJ? ndKacsm˜acsmw,fvkd@ awG@wJhvlwkdif;u

csD;usL;w,f? bkd;bkd;}uD; uawmh t&yfjrifhjrifh axmifaxmifarmif;armif; tom;u jzL0if;aewmyJwJh? rsufvHk;rsufzef aumif;aumif;ESmwHay:ay:eJ@ cef@acsm-acsmw,fvkd@ajym=uw,f? arar}uD; uawmh rrSwfrdygbl;? tJ'D taz}uD;[m arar}uD; 2 cgvnf ausmf ausmfavmufnDrav; ‘pHpH’ arG;cgeD;rSm ukvm;jzLeJ@ wkduf&if; usoGm;&Smw,fuGJ@”

“[,f æ bkd;bkd;}uD;u ukvm;jzLawGeJ@wkduf&if; usoGm;w,fqkdawmh ol&J aumif;}uD;ayghaemf hæ tar”u|efr[m rjrifbl;vkdufwJh bkd;bkd;}uD;[m ukvm;jzLawGeJ@wkduf&if; usoGm; wJh ol&Jaumif;}uD;wa,mufqkdwm od&awmh &ifaumh+yD;

ºum;csifovkdvkd armfcsif ovkdvkd pdwfxJrSm wrsKd;jzpfvmygw,f?“'gaygh ighajr;&J@ ukd,fhwkdif;jynf ukd,fhvlrsKd;twGuf ao&wm[m odyfukd *k%f&Sd w,f? odvm;? 'grSao&usKd;eyfwmaygh ath? 'g[m

ol&Jaumif; ac:wmayghuGJ@”tvkd æ vufpoyfawmh igwkd@[m æ ES,fES,f&& r[kwfygvm; æol&J aumif;}uD; zkd;a&$vl&J@ ‘jrpf’ygvm;vkd@vnf; pOf;pm;+yD;

0rf;omvkdufwm?tJ'Dae@u arar}uD; ajymjyxm;wmawGyJ u|efrpdwfukd v$rf;rkd;aew,f?aemufwywf ausmif;ydwf&if rrqDoGm;+yD; 'Dta=umif;awG ajymjyOD;r,fvkd@ ausmif;ydwf&ufukdyJ apmifhaerdw,f? w&uf æ ESpf&uf

æ =umvkdufwmaemf?ausmif;ydwf&ufvnf; a&mufa&m arar}uD;ukd ajym+yD; rrwkd@tdrfukd tajy; av; oGm;cJhw,f? rrwkd@qDvnf; a&mufa&m/ tcef@oifhyJ?

rruvnf; ar#mfaewm? araruawmh pmzwfaew,f?a&mufa&mufjcif;yJ rru Z,fckwf&atmifqkd+yD; refusnf;aphawG oHyHk;xJu xkwf,laew,f?“rr c%aeOD;? c%av; æ rrukd ajymjyp&mwck &Sdw,f? odvm;”“bmrsm; ajymp&m &Sdvkd@vJ? uJ-ajymygOD;? }uD;}uD;us,fus,f/ eifwu,f ajymwmaemf? uJ-ajym”“wu,fyg rr&J@? rnmygbl;? wu,f/ wu,f”u|efru rrukd ygawmfrloDcsif;qkd&mup qufpyfrd+yD; arar}uD;ajymjywm awG/ tputqHk; ajymjyvkdufw,f?“[,f-tJvkdwJhvm;? arar}uD;u ighawmh ajymrjybl;”“tkd æ rruvnf; tck[mu u|efrukdajymr,fvkd@ wrifa&G;ajymwmrS r[kwfwm? oDcsif;qkdwmup+yD; pyfrdoGm;wmyJ[m”rr[m E_wfcrf;pl&mu ajyoGm;+yD; pmzwfaewJh ararhbufvSnfh+yD;-“tarh t=unfajymwm [kwf&J@vm;? tJ'DbGm;bGm;}uD;ukd arara&m jrifzl; vm;”araru zwfvufp pmtkyfukdydwfvkduf+yD; “jrifzl;±Hk b,furvJ? tJ'Darar }uD;u arartysdKjzpfwJhtxd twlae&wmuGJ@?

arar}uD;a&m/ a'G;av;wkd@a&m rdom;pk wpkvHk; twlae&wm? arar}uD;u aemuftdrfaxmif rjyKbl;? (a'G;av;qkdwm arar }uD;&J@ nDra':pHukd ajymwmyg?)

“tJ'Darar}uD; pum;ajymwJh toHk;tE_ef;u a&S;wkef;uajymovkd ajym wm? odyf,Ofaus;wm? ararwkd@ tckajymovkd rajymbl;?t0wfup+yD; ararwkd@ 0wfwmeJ@ rwlbl;”

u|efrwkd@ nDtpfrESpfa,mufvHk; ararxkdifaewJh ae&mukd tajy;oGm;/ arar eJ@ eD;Ekdifor#eD;atmif tvkt,ufxkdif=u&if;ararqufajymr,fhpum;ukd yg;pyf av;awG ta[mif;om;eJ@ em;pkdufae=uygw,f?

“tarudkvnf; wkd@vkd ararvkd@rac:bl;? ‘r,fr,f’vkd@ac:wm? arar}uD;u ajymwmvnf; ‘bmvJ’qkd&if ‘bZmvJtdrf;’?tJvkdajymwm? ‘tdrf;’qkdwm ‘at;’vkd@ ajymwmav? wcgwcg wkd@nDtpfrwawG[m arar}uD;u bmajymw,fqkdwm odyfem; vnfwmr[kwfawmh &,f&w,f? wkd@nDtpfrxJrSm araru t}uD;qHk;qkdawmh arar}uD;ajymwm em;tvnfqHk;aygh uG,f? ajr;xJrSmvnf;t}uD;qHk;qkdawmh ararhudk ykdvnf;cspfw,f? t0wf0wfawmhvnf; xbDqkd/ wkd@vkduGif;r[kwfbl;? jyef@xbDukd &if&Sm;0wf+yD;rS tay:u

24

xkdifrodrf;tusôukd 0wfwm? aemufu uawmifawmh rygbl; aygh? tJ'g olaowJhtxd 'Dtwkdif;yJ 0wfwmyJ”'Dawmh rru “atmf æ od+yD? [kd ZmwfxJrSm 0ef}uD;awG/ bk&ifawG ajymwJh æ 攓at; æ at; æ [kwfw,f? [kwfw,f? tJ'Dpum;rsdK;awGyJ? tJ'g a&S;vl}uD; awG ajymwJh toHk;tE_ef;yJ”'DwGif u|efru “arar tJ'DbGm;bGm;}uD;u vSovm; [if”“vSwmayghuGJ@? tom;ndK qkdayr,fh rJaewmr[kwfbl;? tom;u 0if;+yD; pkdaewm? ararhxuf t&yfvnf; enf;enf; ykdjrifh+yD;

ig;&H@udk,fav;eJ@ ao;ao; oG,foG,f/ r[mezl;eJ@ qHyifuvnf; aumif;ovm; rajymeJ@/ aoumeD;txd rJarSmif+yD; qHxkHk;u t}uD;}uD;/em;uvnf; a&$zufvdyf em;aÉmif;}uD;eJ@/ r[mezl;eJ@qkdawmh =unfhvkd@odyfusufoa&&SdwmyJ”

u|efrwkd@ nDtpfru r[mezl;qkdwmukd em;rvnfawmh æ“at; æ at; æ aeOD;/ aeOD;? ararjyr,f? 'DrSm=unfh ararhezl;ukd? us,fvnf; us,fw,f? tay:bufab;ESpfbufrSm a'gifh&Sdw,f?

awG@vm;'DrSm”arar[m ajymajymqdkqdk ol@ezl;ukd vufn‡Kd;eJ@ axmufjyaew,f?“a=omf æ r[mezl; qkdwm 'gvm;”“at;-[kwfw,f? 'gyJ”xkdtckduf +cHwcg;0rS “a[h-om;trdwawG bmawGvkyfae=uwmvJ? wdwfvkd@ qdwfvkd@ygvm;”qkdwJh arar}uD;&J@ toHukd

=um;vkduf&vkd@ vSrf;=unfhvkdufawmh pm;p&m txkyfawGukdif+yD; 0ifvmwJh arar}uD;ukd vSrf;awG@vkdfuf&w,f? nDtpfr ESpf a,muf tajy;tv$m;oGm;}udK ,lvmvkdufw,f?

“araru xkdif&muxvdkuf+yD; qD;}udKum“ararvmwmeJ@ tawmfyJ? a[m 'DrSm tarhajr;awGu aooGm;wJhbkd;bkd;}uD;ta=umif;olwkd@bGm;bGm;}uD;ta=umif;ukd ar;aevkd@ ajymae&wm”

“a=omf æ a=omf æ”qkd+yD; arar}uD;[m +yHK;+yHK;av; xkdifcsvkdufw,f? arar [m aomufa&at;wcGuf cyf,lvm+yD;arar}uD;ukday;&if; “bmawG 0,fvmwmvJ? tarh txkyfawGu rsm;vkdufwm”

“tkd æ at æ rrsm;ygbl;? ae@vnfpm ighajr;av;awG pm;&atmifvkd@ olwkd@ }udKufwJh =umZHokyf? om;a&yGa=umf/ +yD;awmhtmvl;prlqmokyf&,f/ tJ'gpm;+yD; tpyfajy&atmif ajryJ,kd ºuyfºuyf&G&Gav;&,fyg”

“uJ orD;/ rra& pm;&atmif jyifa[h”rr[m rD;zkdxJukd txkyfawG,loGm;+yD; jyifqifum jyefxGufvmw,f? aºuyef;uefjym; }uD;}uD;xJrSm =umZHokyfa&m/ ta=umfawGyg

wuef@pD xnf@vmw,f? +yD;awmh arar}uD;twGuf OD;OD;zsm;zsm;wyef;uef/ arharhukdvnf; wyef;uef/ ZGef;w acsmif;pD wyfay;umaemufqHk;u|efrwkd@nDtpfrtwGuf wyef;uef? u|efrwkd@u ZGef;eJ@ rpm; awmhbJ vufeJ@yJ pm;vkduf=uyg w,f?

araru vufzuf&nf=urf; iSJ@xnfhay;+yD; arar}uD;tem;ukd OD;OD;zsm;zsm; wyef;uefcsay;ygw,f? pm;aomuf0kdif; odrf;+yD; tpyfajyajryJ,kd ºuyfºuyf&G&Gav; rsm;ukd pm;=u&if; araru pum;ukdqufvkdufw,f?

“uJ-orD;wkd@=unfhav? ararajymwJh r[mezl;qkdwm nnf;wkd@arar}uD; ezl;ukdvnf; =unfhygtHk;”“[m æ [kwfw,faemf? arara&m/ arar}uD;a&m ezl;yHk twlwlyJ”“uJ æ orD;-rra& [dkrSmcsdwfxm;wJh a':a':rtHk;cif "mwfyHkaum jzKwf,l vmygtHk;”rr[m ararajymwJhtwkdif; a':a':rtHk;cif&J@ "mwfyHkukd jzKwf,lvm+yD; 0kdif;=unfh =uw,f?tJ'D"mwfyHkxJu a':a':rtHk;cifqkdwm arar}uD;vkd ao;ao;oG,foG,f r[kwfyg? 00wkwfwkwfyg? ESpfa,mufxkdif ukvm;xkdifay:rSm

xkdif&if; ol@b,fbuf ab;u uyf+yD;xkdifaewJh tcgvnfausmforD;av;ukd zufxm;wJhyHkyg? acgif;rSm bD;qHxHk; }uD;xHk;xm;ygw,f? oluvnf;r[mezl;eJ@yg? tJ'D"mwfyHk=unfh+yD; u|efr[m rrezl;ukd trSwfrxif =unfhrdygw,f? rruvnf; r[mezl;eJ@yg?

“tarh tukefvHk;[m ezl;awGu twlwlyJaemf”“tif;-rsdK;±kd;ADZqkdwm 'DvkdyJighajr;&J@? 'ga=umifh acsmif;±kd;ajrmif;±kd;om wdrffaumw,f? vlrsdK;±kd;qkdwm rwddrfaumbl;vkd@

qkdwmaygh”“a':a':rtHk;cifu 0 w,faemf? arar}uD;eJ@rwlbl;”“at;? [kwfw,f? rtHk;cifu t&yftarmif;aum tom;ta&a&m ol@ tazbuf vkdufw,f? tbkd;bufvnf;

vkdufw,fvkd@ajymEkdifw,f? ighorD;rtHk;&if uawmh tarhbuf vkdufvkd@ ao;ao;yJ? =unfhygvm;”u|efr ararhukd zswfueJ =unfhvdkufrdw,f? [kwfygw,f? arar[m rsufESmoG,fyHk/ ukd,fvHk;ukd,fxnf EGJ@EGJ@vsvsav;aeyHkutp

arar}uD;eJ@ tawmfwl ygw,f? tom;vwfyHka&m bma&m tm;vHk;ygyJ?“rtHk;cifu azazeJ@ awmfawmfwlw,fav? 'ga=umifhxifyg&J@? araru rtHk;cifukd ykdcspfwm”araru +yHK;pprsufESmeJ@ arar}uD;ukd vSrf;pvkdufawmh u|efrwkd@u 0kdif;&,f vkduf=uw,f? 'Dawmh arar}uD;u “tkd at æ

oluorD;ti,fqkdawmh ykdcspf&wmaygh ath? nnf;uvnf; uav;awGa&S@rSm r[kwfwmawG ajymraeprf;ygeJ@” 'DrSmwif rru bmpdwful;aygufw,frod? pum;ukd jyefqufjyefw,f?“arar}uD; u|efrwkd@trsKd;xJrSm r[mezl;r[kwfwm olwa,mufyJ xl;xl; jcm;jcm;”“[if;-rruvJ”“rruvnf; vkyfraeeJ@? igajymwm r,Hk&if 'DrSm=unfhaygh? ukd,hfezl;ukd? ezl;0kdif;}uD;eJ@”wJh? ajymajymqkdqdk rSefukd ,lvm+yD;

twif;jyawmhwmygyJ? u|efrvnf; r&Jw&JeJ@ rSefukdiHk@=unfhvkdufw,f?

25

bk&m;a&-[kwfyg&J@? u|efrezl;u wrsKd;}uD;ygvm;? olwkd@vkd r[mezl;vnf; r[kwfbl;?“awG@vm;-awG@vm; æ igajymwm? b,fhES,f&Sdp? igajymwm rrSefbl;vm;”u|efr[m ikdcsifovkdvkd 0rf;enf;vmw,f? ighe,faemf/ igbma=umifhrsm; arar}uD;wkd@eJ@ rwl&wmygvdrfh? u|efr&J@ ikdrJhrJhrsufESmukd

ab;u=unfhaewJh arar}uD;u 0if+yD;-“uJ-uJ awmf+yDawmf+yD? rru odyfrpygeJ@uG,f? rsKd;±kd;qkdayr,fh wrdayguf wa,mufxGef;qkdwm =um;zl;w,f r[kwfvm;?

ighajr;av;u ±kyfu ezl;u rwl ayr,fh pdwf"mwfusawmh ol@bkd;bkd;}uD;twkdif;yJ odyfowWd&Sdwm? r_wfzl;vm;”“[kwfw,f/ [kwfw,f? tarhorD;av;u owWd&Sdw,f? tJ'grsKd;±kd; wlwmyJ aygh? bkd;bkd;}uD;eJ@ wlwmaygh”vkd@araru0if+yD;

ESpfodrfh&Smw,f? 'DvkdeJ@yJ tJ'Dae@u rreJ@ rupm;awmhyJ arar}uD;eJ@twl tddrfjyefvmcJhawmhw,f?

aiGrsm;w&m;Ekdif rsufESm}uD;&m [if;zwfygaiGrsm;w&m;Ekdif rsufESm}uD;&m [if;zwfygaiGrsm;w&m;Ekdif rsufESm}uD;&m [if;zwfygaiGrsm;w&m;Ekdif rsufESm}uD;&m [if;zwfygaiGrsm;w&m;Ekdif rsufESm}uD;&m [if;zwfyg“uav;a& æ uav; æ vmygtHk;? ighajr;&J@? tarhukd owif;pm vmzwfjy ygOD;”arar}uD;[m ajymjymqkdqkd owif;pmukdif+yD; tdrfa&S@xGufvmw,f?u|efrvnf; rv$Jomvkd@ upm;ae&mu jyefvmcJh&ayr,fh pdwfxJrSm odyfawmh r=unfrdbl;? arar}uD;[m u|efrrsuf ESmukd

=unfh+yD; tajctaeukd &dyfrdyHkayguf w,f?“tarhajr;u vdrfrmygw,f? vm vm zwf=u&atmif? tarhukd 'Dvkdzwfjy awmh ighajr;av;vnf; pmykdwwfw,f? ukokdvfvnf;

&wmayghat? +yD;awmhvnf; urBmrSm ppfjzpfaewmawG/ tajctaeawG od&wmaygh”[kwfygw,f? arar}uD;[m b,fvkdvnf;rod? owif;pmukdvnf; ae@wkdif; zwfckdif;/ +yD;awmh olvkd0goemwlolawGeJ@

0kdif;xkdifajym=uqkd=u t+rJvkyfw,f? azazeJ@ ukd rwlbl;? EkdifiHa&;ukd tawmf0goem}uD;w,f? u|efr[m owif;pm/ w&m;pmtkyf/±kyf&Sif=unfh&ifvnf; tJ'Dacwfu pmwef;xkd;awGqkdawmh rzwfwwf&if pmvHk;aygif; zwf/ tpHk bmzwfckdif;-zwfckdif;ysif;w,fvkd@ r&Sdygbl;?tukefzwfjyygw,f? 'Dwcgawmh b,fvkdjzpfw,frodbl;? owif;pmzwf&rSmukd ysif;aew,f? 'ga=umifh pum;twGef@ enf;enf;wufvkdufrdw,f?

“tar}uD;uvnf; urBm}uD;rSm ppfjzpfwmyJ? ol@[mol jzpfwm ukd,feJ@bm qkdifwmrS r_wfyJeJ@”“tkd æ qkdifygaomfaumat&,f æ qkdifygaomfaum? ighajr;u uav;rkd@ em;rvnf wm? tckppfjzpfaewmu ukvm;jzLawGeJ@av?

olu u|efykdif&Sif}uD;av? wkd@wkdif;jynfu vlawGukd trdef@cs+yD; ppfxJ0ifwkdufckdif;ae&if b,fES,fhvkyfrvJ”'DwcsDawmh u|efrvnf;vef@oGm;w,f? uav;yDyD/ a=umufvnf;a=umuf vmw,f? tJ'geJ@owif;pmukdyJ aumif;aumif;

zwfaerdygw,f?nusawmh vomom tdrfa&S@rSm xkdif&if; arar}uD;eJ@ pum;ajymaerdw,f?u|efr[m oHk;wef;a&mufaeyg+yD? arar}uD;eJ@ u|efr[m ae@wkd;wkd;/ nwkd; wkd;eJ@ u|efrukd vl}uD;vkdoabmxm;+yD; arar}uD;u

qHk;rp&m&Sd&if qHk;r/ oifp&m&Sd&if oif/ ajymp&m&Sd&if ajym/ u|efrtay: ar#mfvifhcsuf }uD;ygw,f? u|efrwkd@ ESpfa,muf [m wkd;wkd;azmfwkdifyifzufqkdvnf;rrSm;ygbl;?

ae@vnfu udpPukd u|efru jyefowd&+yD; arar}uD;[m u|efrwkd@tdrfab; u a':yHkvkd rsufrSef0,fwyf&if aumif;rSm? u|efrzwfray;vnf; ta&;r}uD;bl;? ukd,fh[m ukd,fvnf; zwfcsifwJhtcsdef zwfvkd@&w,fvkd@ pOf;pm;rdygw,f? tJ'geJ@ arar}uD;ukd t}uHay;rdygw,f?

“arar}uD; æ arar}uD; æ [kdav zGm;zGm;a':yHkvkd rsufrSefrsKd;wck 0,fxm; ygvm; [if? tJ'gqkd&if u|efrtem;rSm r&Sdvnf;arar}uD; zwfcsifwJhtcsdef ukd,fh[m ukd,f zwfvkd@&wm ayghaemf æ tarh”

“a=om fæ a=om fæ ighajr;u pmzwfay;&rSm ysif;vm+yD;eJ@wlw,f [kwfvm;? tarhukd ajymygOD;”“r[kwfygbl; arar}uD;&J@? u|efrtem;rSm r&SdwJhtcsdef tJ'DvkddrsufrSef}uD; &Sd&if tarh[mtar udk,fzwfcsifwm zwf&wmaygh”u|efru pum;udk vSnfhajymvkdufygw,f?“a=omf æ tarhajr;av;u em;rSrvnfbJukd;uGJ@? tJ'DzGm;zGm;a':yHkvkd rsufrSefrsKd; 0,fwyfvnf; pmzwfvkd@ b,f&rvJ ighajr;&J@?

taru pmrSrwwfwm”“[,f æ arar}uD;u pmrwwfbl;[kwfvm;tarh? taru i,fi,fwkef; u ausmif;raebl;vm;[if”u|efr[m tHh=ow}uD;eJ@ tar}uD;ukd jyefar;vkduf+yD; tar}uD;rsufESmukd aoao csmcsm=unfhaerdw,f? tar}uD;u rsufESmodyf

romvSyg? 'gayr,fh u|efr ukdawmh quf+yD; pum;ajymaeygw,f?“tar}uD;wkd@ i,fi,fwkef;u 'Dacwfvkd wef;ausmif;qkdwm r&Sdbl;uGJ@? bkef; }uD; ausmif;yJ&Sdwm? bkef;}uD;ausmif;uvnf;

a,mufsm;av;awGyJ pmoifay;wm? rdef;uav; awGukd vufrcHbl;? tJawmh tar}uD;wkd@ r,foDv&ifausmif;rSmyJ ae& wm”“tar}uD;u r,foDv&ifausmif;rSm pmaumif;aumif; roif&bl;vm;”“'DvkduGJ@-ighajr;&J@? taru ausmif;rSmaeawmh ae&w,f? 'gayr,fh rkqkd;r orD;/ qif;&Jom;qdkawmh aemufqHk;rSm

ausmif;xkwfcHvkduf&w,f”u|efru tar}uD;ajymwJhpum;udk aumif;aumif;em;rvnfvkdufyg? 'ga=umifh arar}uD;ukdyJ a=umifawmifai;+yD; =unfhaerdw,f?'gukd&dyfrdwJh tar}uD;[m olpmrwwfcJh&wJh tjzpftysufawGukd tjynfh tpHk u|efrukd ajymjycJhygw,f?tar}uD; r,foDv&ifausmif;rSmaepOf oli,fcsif;xJu ‘a&$csHK’qkdwJh oli,f csif;[m tvGefqkd;+yD; tvGefvnf; Akdvfus

26

rw&m;vkyfwmawGrsm;ygw,f? tar}uD; uvnf; rdcifvkyfolu t&m&mukd onf;cHckdif;/ &efjzpfwmr}udKufqkdawmh olu bm vkyfvkyfatmifhtD;onf;cHae&w,f? 'DvkdeJ@ wae@rSm tar}uD;wkd@ ‘=uufcGyfwrf;’ upm;&mudk a&mufvm+yD; upm;cGif ukdvnf;zsuf/ =uufcGyfaewJhtar}uD;ukdvnf; wGef;vSJ? upm;zuf tazmfawGukdvnf; ‘r,fjreJ@ rupm;eJ@vkd@ ajym+yD;tm;vHk;ukd ac:oGm;awmh tar}uD;[m 'Drw&m;r_ukdrcHEkdifvGef;vkd@ pum;rsm;&efjzpf+yD;/ eyef;vHk; =u/ ±kduf=uykwf=uwJhtxd jzpfukef=uw,f? ab;utazmf oli,fcsif;awGu olwkd@ESpf a,mufukdvmac:awmhrS ausmif;wufrSef;od=uawmhw,f? ausmif;wuf+yDqkdawmh ‘a&$csKH’u ausmif;ukdt&ifjyef+yD; oDv&Sif}uD;ukd &efjzpfwkef;ueD;&mrd&mukdqGJxm;vkd@ +yJoGm;wJh tuôsukdjy+yD; t&ifOD;atmif ikd,kdwkdifwef;ygw,f?

“[Jh-rdjr jrefjrefvmcJh? 'gavmufawmif qkdd;wJhaumifrawmh oda&mhr,f” qkd+yD; }udrfvHk;w0ifh0ifhjzpfaewJh oDv&ifq&mawmf}uD;ukdr0Hhr&JeJ@ tusKd;ta=umif;ukd b,fvkdyJ av#mufxm;ayr,fh r&awmhbl;? eifhrSm tjypf&Sdw,f? }udrf'%fvkd@ wcsuf v$wf qHk;jzwfvkdufw,f?aemufqHk;rSmawmh wkdifrSm}udK;eJ@wkyf+yD; ±kdufawmhwmyJ? tJ'Dvkd ±kdufaewJh q&mawmf}uD;ukd r,fjr[m atmf[pfidk,kdaewJ ht=um;u toHukef[pf+yD; “q&mawmf}uD; rw&m;bl;/ rsufESmvkdufw,f? rw&m;bl;”vkd@ xyfcgwvJvJ atmf[pfajymvkdufw,f? tJ'Dvkdajymavq&mawmf}uD;[m ,rf;yHkrD;us a'golykef x+yD; ±kdufav jzpfawmhwmyJwJh? acgif;uae+yD; ajcaxmuftxd tm;&atmif±kduf+yD; tem;rSm &SdwJhuav;wa,mufukd “ol@ taroGm;ac:acs”vkd@ trdef@ay;vkdufw,f? watmifhavmuf=umawmh wbufuav; yckef;ay:wif+yD; bkrodbrodeJ@vkdufvm &SmwJh ‘&Sifat;ndK’vnf; a&mufvma&m “&Sifat;ndK 'gavmufawmif qkd;wJh uav; rsKd; ighausmif;eJ@rwefbl;? ighukdvnf; atmf[pf+yD;rw&mbl;av;/ bmav;eJ@ jyefajym ao;w,f? eif horD;uk d tckac:oGm;”qkd +yD;/ ol@wynfhawGuk d trdef@ay;vkd @ tar}uD;uk dwkdifrSmcsnf;xm;wJh}udK;ukd ajzay;vkdufwJhtcg tar}uD;[m rwfwwfr&yf EdkdifawmhbJ yHkvsufom; vJusoGm;&Smw,f?

tJ'DrSm oDv&Sif}uD;ukdvnf; awmif;yef+yD; r&wJhtqHk; tar}uD;&J@ tar[m uav;ukd ausmykd;/ rsuf&nfpufvufeJ@tdrfjyefvmcJh&w,f? '%f&mujyif;awmh uav;[m tdyf,mxJrSm aumif;aumif;raeEdkif ik d,kdatmf[pf+yD; nnf;nLae&owJh?'geJ@iSufaysmzufawG ajray:rSmcif;ay;+yD; odyf&w,fwJh? '%f&mujyif;awmh tzsm; vnf; 0ifvmw,fwJh? 'geJ@ AdaE<maq;awG wkduf/ temawGukdiSufaysmoD;eJ@ e,fESdyf ay;&w,f? tJ'Dvkduko&if;eJ@ wvavmuf=umawmh tema&m/ tzsm;ygaysmuf vrf;aumif;aumif; oGm;Ekdifvmw,f?

tJ'Dtcsdefup+yD; &Sifat;ndK[m aqGrsKd;eD;pyfvnf;jzpf tifrwefvnf; &if;ESD;wJh atmufjynfu ta':}uD;wa,mufeJ@tquftoG,f&vm+yD; tifrwef cspfcif ukd;pm;cJh&wJh cifyGef;onf zdk;a&$vlukdvnf; wrf;wikd,kdum toufru pGJ+rJcifwG,fcJhwJh Zmwdajr‘[HZm;-oJawm’ukd pGef@cGmcJhw,f? orD;av;ESpfa,mufukd vufpGJum atmufajyatmuf±Gmukd pGef@pm;xGuf vmcJhw,f? 'DvkdeJ@ ajrvwfykdif;uaysmfbG,fqkdwJh +rdK@uav;rSm tajccsrdawmhw,f? tJ'DrSm xrif;qkdifav;zGifh a&mif;cs vkyfukdif pm;=uw,fwJh?

u|efrvnf; tar}uD;pmrwwf&wJhta=umif;udk od&wJhtcsdefup+yD; ‘aemufaemifqkd tar}uD;u pmzwfckdif;&if ig b,fawmhrSrysif;awmhbl;’vkd@ pdwfxJrSm qHk;jzwfvkdufrdw,f? tar}uD;twGufvnf; pdwfawmfawmf xdckdufcJh&w,f? 'DvkdeJ@ 'kwd,urBmppf}uD; jzpfvmawmhw,f? u|efrwkd@+rdK@uav;ukd AHk;awGvm }uJ/ pufaoewfawGeJ@ypf/ w+rdK@vHk; aoolao/'%f&m&ol&/ u|efrwkd@ ajr;tbkd;tbGm; 3a,muf[m rD;zkdwkdufcef;av;xJrSm a'gifhav;wck uyf+yD; 0yfaevkdufwm av,OfysHawGjyefoGm;wmawmif rodvkdufbl;? tdrfa&S@wHcg;r}uD;ukd w'kef;'kef;eJ@xk+yD; ‘}uD;awmf-}uD;awmf’‘uav;a&-uav;a&’ ‘wkwfwkwfa&’eJ@vmac:aewJh OD;av;}uD; ukdxGef;&if&J@ toH=um;rS wHcg;ukd tjrefzGifhvkdufw,f? OD; av;}uD;ukdawG@awmh u|efr[m 0rf;enf;0rf;omjzpf+yD;wtm;idkcsvkdufw,f? OD;av;}uD;[m wbufu u|efrukdacsmh/ wbufuvnf; tar}uD; ukdwGJ&if; “vm æ vm æ }uD;awmf/ tjrefvm[kdaumifawG pdwfrauseyfao;vkd@ wacgufjyef vSnfhvm&if rvG,fbl;? 'Dae&mu tjrefxGuf &atmif”vkd@ ajymajymqkdqkd twif;qGJxkwfoGm;awmhrS u|efrwkd@&J@ tdrfab;u tdrf}uD;[m tdrfay:wnfhwnfh AHk;usvkd@ tdrfae&mrSm wGif;}uD;wckyJ awG@&awmhw,f? tkd ævrf;ay:rSm cg;wykdif;jywf/ aygifjywf/ acgif;jywf/ vlaoaumifawG/ oGyfjym;tpawG/ atmf[pfikd,kdoHawG yGufyGuf±kdufaewm urBm}uD;ysufaeovkdygyJ? ,rf;ckd;awGuvnf; arSmifaewmyJ? u|efrwkd@ rsufESm awGuvnf; rJrJ}uD;awG/ a=umuftm;vef@tm;eJ@ qkdawmh ‘cg;csd’aevkd@ajy;vkd@r&ygbl;? u|efrwkd@ +rdK@ta&S@buf ‘uifrGef;wef;’qkdwJh ±Gmuav; ukda&muf±HkyJ&Sdao;w,f? av ,mOfysHrJrJ}uD; ESpfpif; wywfvm+yD;pufaoewf eJ@ypfwm awmfawmf=umw,f? 'DvkdeJ@ u|efrwkd@ ajr;tzGm;oHk;a,mufvnf; t0wfwxnfukd,fwck/ ppfajy;b0eJ@bGm;av;wkd@&GmrSmyJ aevkduf=uw,f? tJ'D bGm;av; qkdwm u|efrwkd@tbkd;&J@ nDrt&if; arar}uD;&J@a,mif;raygh? OD;av;}uD; ukdxGef;&if&J@taryg? u|efr&J@ b0[m tJ'D*syef acwfu tqif;&JqHk;ygyJ? 'gayr,fh uav;qkdawmh oli,fcsif;awGeJ@rkd@ aysmfaewmaygh?

ae&D&Dæa±$csdK;&,f ulvmeJ@ ae&D&Dæa±$csdK;&,f ulvmeJ@ ae&D&Dæa±$csdK;&,f ulvmeJ@ ae&D&Dæa±$csdK;&,f ulvmeJ@ ae&D&Dæa±$csdK;&,f ulvmeJ@ætJ'Dvkdqif;qif;&J&JeJ@ aevm&mu tcsdefawG wa&G@a&G@ukefvmvkdufwm awmrSmvnf; aeom;tawmfusvmyg+yD?

wnaecif;rSmawmh xif;&SmoGm;ygw,f? &Gmtaemufbufacsmif; ra&mufcif v,fuGif;jyif}uD;xJrSm uefoif;cHkay: av#muf &if;upyg;cif;}uD;ukd arar}uD;u vufnd‡K;xkd;jyw,f?

“'DrSm=unfhprf; ighajr; 'Dpyg;[m pyg;eufvkd@ac:w,f? eroav;pyg;vkd@vnf; ac:w,f? olaX;awGrS pm;Ekdifwm/ wdk@qif;&Jom;awGrpm;Ekdifbl;”

u|efr[m arar}uD;jywJh pyg;awGukd =unfhvkduf awmh ab;v,fuGufxJu pyg;awGeJ@rwlwJh pyg;cif;}uD;u ar$;vkdufwmvnf;tvGefyJ? wjcm;pyg;cif;awGvkd rSnfhaewm t0ga&mif r[kwfbl;? 'Dpyg;u teufyJ?

“[kwfyg&J@ tarh? 'Dpyg;u bmvkd@ qif;&Jom;awG rpm;Ekdif&wmvJ æ [if”“'DvkduGJ@ ighajr;&J@? wkd@qif;&Jom;awG rpm;Ekdifbl;qkdwmu qefuodyfaumif; vGef;awmh tkd;rwufbl;? wkd@qif;&Jom;awGu rkd;vif;u

rkd;csKyf/ waeukeftvkyf=urf; vkyfae&awmh qefaysmhqkd tqmrcHbl;? c%c%qmw,f? 'ga=umifhtqmcH Ak dufawmifhatmif

27

qef=urf;yJpm;&w,f? enf;enf;csuf&if xrif;rsm;rsm;&atmif tkd; wufwJhqefukd pm;&wmuGJ@? tckvnf; =unfhav 'Dpyg;cif;[m [kdrSmjrifvm;?tdrf }uD;(wac:avmufa0;wJ h ae&mu oGyfrk d ;tdrf }uD;uk d vufnd ‡ K;xk d; jy&if;) tJ'Dtdrf }uD; [m +rd K @ay:u ysOf;rem;+rd K @uolaX;OD;&efatmif(ukvm;vlrsKd;)&J@tdrf}uD;yJ? tJ'D olaX;rdom;pk pm;zkd@pkduf xm;wmav”

“tarh 'Dpyg;cif;}uD;u tJ'DolaX;}uD;rdom;pk ukd,fwkdif vmpkdufxm;wm vm; [if”tar}uD;u toHxGufatmif &,fvkdufw,f? +yD;awmhrSquf+yD;“b,fu vm pkduf&rSmvJ æ at? ighorD;uvnf; olaX;ygqkdae? wkd@qif; &Jom;awGuyJ tpu tqHk; pyg;ukd pyg;usDxJta&muf

oGif;ay;/ vkyfay; &wm ayghath”u|efr[m tar}uD;ajymwmawGukd em;axmif&if; &ifxJrSmwrsKd;}uD; cHpm; &ygw,f? tJ'Dqif;&Jom;qkdwJh v,form;awGukd

pmemovkdvkd cHpm;&ygw,f? a=omf æ ukd,fpkdufwJh pyg;awmif ukd,frpm;&bl;vkd@yJ? jzpfrSjzpf&av æ“tarh tJ'Dqif;&Jom;awGu ukd,fpkdufay;wJh pyg;av;awmif ukd,frpm; &bl;qkd rpkdufay;eJ@aygh? 'DvkdyJ aeaygh”“a=omf æ ighajr;av;u em;rSrvnfyJukd; æ uGJ@? wkd@qif;&Jom;awGu rvkyf ay;yJae&if b,fuvm aiG&awmhrvJ? tJ'Dvkd

aiGr&&if qefwkd@/ qDwkd@/ qm;wkd@ bmeJ@oGm;0,frvJ? +yD;awmh t0wftxnf 0,fzkd@aum æ ”a=omf-'Dvkdqkdawmh [kwfayom;yJ? tar}uD;u pum;ukd c%jzwfxm; vkduf&if; ab;ywf0ef;usifukd vkduf=unfhae ygw,f? +yD;awmhrS“[kdrSm=unfhav æ ighajr;av; jrifw,f r[kwfvm;/ }uHcif;awGav? b,favmufrsm;vJ? 'gawGtm;vHk;[m 'DolaX;}uD;yJykdifwmyJ”“[kwfw,ftarh 'DolaX;}uD;u odyfqkd;w,f? }uHwacsmif;csKd;&if '%faiG 5usyfwJh? rae@u acsmif;ua&csKd;+yD;tjyef u|efr

}uHpm;csifw,fqkdvkd@ rraxG;(a'G;av; ti,fqHk;yg? 'ga=umifh a'G;av;rac:bJ rraxG;vkd@ac:&ygw,f)ukd ylqmawmh “aeOD;ath-vljywfrSckd;csKd;ay;r,f? vlrdoGm;vkd@ oGm;wkdif&if/ nnf;}uHwacsmif; aiG 5usyf-awmh”

'geJ@yJ u|efrvnf; rpm;&awmhygbl;?“trav; ighajr;&,f? olaX;qkdtm;vHk; twlwlygyJ? 'DolaX;rS ykdqkd;wm r[kwf ygbl;uG,f”xkdtckduf tdrf}uD;bufu tvkyform;(&Gmom;) av;-ig;a,muf &Gmbuf ukd jyefoGm;=uwmukd awG@vkduf&awmh-“tarh [kdrSm=unfhygOD;? }uH}udwfzkdu vlawG wqkdif;(}uH}udwfzkdwGif }udwf olu}udwf/ rD;xkd;oluxkd;/ csufolucsuf/ tvkyfwGJvkyf&wJh

tzGJ@ukd wqkdif;[k ac:yg w,f)awmif jyefoGm;+yD? 'D&Gmu vlawGtm;vHk;[m 'DolaX;}uD;&J@ }udwfzkd}uD;rSmyJ tm;vHk; tvkyfvkyf=u&w,faemfæ tarh”

“'gaygh ighajr;&J@? nnf;wkd@ OD;av;}uD;tyg 'Dw&GmmvHk;[m 'DolaX;}uD;ukd rSDckdvkyfukdif pm;aomufae&wm”[kwfygw,f? w&GmvHk;[m 'DolaX;}uD;ukdyJ rDSckdvkyfukdifpm;aomufae =u&wm? rkd;wGif;qkdvnf; 'DolaX;}uD;&J@v,frSm vkyf/ rkd;ukefawmh

'DolaX;}uD;&J@ }uH cif;awGrSm? tJ'Du+yD;awmh 'D}uH}udwfzkd}uD;rSm u|efr[m olaX;&J@ tdrf}uD;ab;u w *sKef;*sKef; eJ@jrnf+yD; rD;ckd;aiG@awGwvlvlxGufaewJh }uH}udwfzkd}uD;ukd vSrf;=unfh&if; eJ@-

“tarh 'D±Gmu vltm;vHk;[m wESpfywfvHk; 'DolaX;}uD;&J@ tvkyfawGukdyJ vkyfae&wJh v,fulvDawGyJaemf? [kd æ [kd wrsKd;ajym&if'DolaX;}uD;&J@ u|efawGyJaemf”

“[kwfwmaygh ighajr;av;&,f? [kd; æ t&ifwkef;uawmh 'D&Gmu vl awGGtm;vHk;[m v,fykdif,mykdifawGtjzpfeJ@aecJh=uwm? aysmfp&m}uD;yJayghat” tar}uD; u awmifbufukd vufn‡Kd;xkd;jyvkduf&if;

“[kd; æ rSm=unfhighajr;av;? [kdv,fxdyfrSm refusnf;yif ESpfyif jrifw,f r[kwfvm;at? tJ'g tar}uD;wkd@v,fyJ? tJ'Drefusnf;ESpfyif[m ighajr;&J@bkd;bkd;/ OD;zkd;om ukd,fwkdif pkdufcJhwmayghat&,f”

“[if æ tarh/ tJ'g tarwkd@v,f [kwfvm;? tckaum tarhv,fyJ r_wfzl;vm;? tJ'Dbkd;bdk;}uD;uaum b,frSmvJ”u|efr[mukd,fodcsifwmawGu rsm; wma=umifh woD}uD; ar;vkdufygw,f?

“at;-[kwfwmayghighajr;&,f? [kwforS tar}uD;wkd@v,frS tppfaygh? tar}uD;&,f/ bkd;bdk;}uD;&,f ukd,fwkdif"m;rOD;cs ckwf+yD;wkd;xm;/ xGefxm;wJh v,fopf ayghath? t&ifu 'DDae&m[m awm±kdif;}uD;aygh? trsm;pkopfyif}uD;awGu ±Hk;yifawGrsm; ouGJ@? 'ga=umifh'D&Gmukd ‘±Hk;yifaZmif;’vkd@ ac:wm”

“tarh"m;rOD;csqkdwm bmukd ajymwmvJ[if? tJ'Dbkd;bkd;}uD;uaum”“a=omf æ a=omf æ tJ'gvm;? "m;rOD;cs qkdwmu ukd,fukd,fwkdif awmawGukd ckwf&/ &Sif;&/ xGif&vkd@ ukd,fh&J@ "m;OD;"m;oGm;[m

ajray:ukdusvkd@ ‘"m;rOD;cs’vkd@ac:wm ayghighajr;&,f? bkd;bkd;}uD;vm;? bkd;bkd;}uD;uawmh qHk;&Sm+yDaygh ighajr;&J@”tar}uD;&J@ toH[m aemufqHk; wdrf0if oGm;w,f? 'DtckdufrSmyJ acsmif; atmufbuf cyfvSrf;vSrf; qDu qGJqGJiifiifeJ@ ulae&SmwJh

csKd;uloHav;ukdvnf; =um; vkduf&w,f? u|efru tar}uD;&J@rsuffESmukd armh=unfhvkdufawmh tar}uD;u rsufESm v$JoGm;w,f? odyg+yD?u|efrvnf; tar}uD; pdwfxdckdufae&Smw,fqkdwm &dyfrdvkd@ bmrSqufrar;awmhbJ +idrfaevkdufw,f?

“a[m æ aeawmif0ifawmhr,fuGJ@? tarwkd@xif;&Sm+yD; jyef=u&atmif ” ajymajymqkdqkdeJ@ tar}uD;u a&S@ucsKHwef;xJuxif;ajcmufav;awGukd aumuf+yD; EG,f}udK;wacsmif; qGJjzwf csnfwkyfvkdufw,f? u|efrtwGufvnf; xif;pnf;i,fav; wpnf; vkyf/ ygvmwJhwbufukd acgif;ckvkyfay;um u|efracgif;ay:wifvkdufw,f? usefaewJh xif;oHk;av;acsmif;ukd tar}uD;uayG@+yD; tdrfjyefvmcJhw,f?

i,fu|rf;aqG&,i,fu|rf;aqG&,i,fu|rf;aqG&,i,fu|rf;aqG&,i,fu|rf;aqG&,fnusawmh arar}uD; b,fwkef;urS rajymcJhbl;wJh tJ'Dv,fta=umif;eJ@ bkd;bkd; }uD; ta=umif;yg tjynfhtpHk u|efrukd ajymjy

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ygawmhw,f?“arar}uD; tdrfaxmifusp tcsdefwkef;uaygh ighajr;&,f æ tpkd;&u v,f±kdif;awGukd v,fopfazmfzkd@ tm;ay;? ukvm;

olaX;awGuvnf; aiGawGacs;ay;eJ@ v,form;awG aiGpav;awG&$ifaewJhtcsdef? tJ'DtcsdefrSm v,fopfwkd;zkd@ pDpOf=uwJh bkd;bkd;}uD;wkd@ nDtpfukdtdrfaxmifpkav;pk(bkd;bkd;}uD; ukdzkd;om/ ESpfrjzpfol rpifeJ@ ukdzkd;armif/ nDjzpfol ukdzkd;atmif/ nD0rf;uGJawmfol ukdzkd;vHk&,f)[m tm;vHk;vli,fvl&G,fawG/ om;orD;uvnf; r&=uao;bJ/ tdrfaxmifpkav;pk vli,f 8 a,muf/ tm;vHk;u ysKdysKd&G,f&G,f oefoefrmrmawG qkdawmhwufnDvufnDeJ@ vkyfvkduf=uwm v,fopfawGvnf; ay:vmwmaygh? tJ'Dwkef;u aysmfvkduf=uwm bmajymaumif;rvJ ighajr;&,f?

'DvkdeJ@ighajr;&,f tar}uD;wkd@rSm om;OD;av; armifzkd;OD;ukd &vmyga&m? bkd;bkd; }uD; qkdwmav ajr}uD;ay: ajcrusawmhbl;?tvkyfawGvnf; t&ifuxuf ykd}udK;pm; vkdufwm/ arm&yef;&rSef;rod jzpfaewmaygh? om;av;ukd &SifjyK&r,fqkdwJh tawG;eJ@aysmfae&Smw,fav? tJ'Dwkef;u tar}uD;wkd@tm;vHk;[m vkyfief;awGu tqifajy awmh tcg}uD; &uf}uD;awGrSm bkef;}uD;ausmif;ukdoGm;=uw,fqkd&if bkef;}uD;ukd uef awmhzkd@ vªzG,fypPnf;awG uvnf;pHk/ vl}uD;awGuvnf; 0wfaumif;pm;vSawGeJ@ u av;awGqkdvnf;a'gif;b,ufcGufudk acgif;pnf;}udK;teDeJ@wyf+yD; qGJvkd@ayghath? pyg;aps; uvnf;24 usyfaps;/ a&$'*Fg;wck wusyfom;uvnf; 24 usyfaps;yJuGJ@? aemufawmh armifzkd;OD;av;[m tcgvnfausmft&G,frSmyJ qHk;oGm;&Smw,f? tar}uD;u om;orD;5a,muf xGef;um;cJhw,f?om;3a,muf/ orD;2a,muf? orD;2 a,mufyJ tzwfwifw,f? ti,fqHk; zkd;axG;av;eJ@ ol@taz[m zsm;+yD; qHk;oGm;wm/ wvyJ uGmwmighajr;&J@? ukefvkdufwJhaiGuvnf; v,faygif&wJhtxdav? aºu;awG wifaevkd@ EGm;w&SOf;vnf; a&mif;vkduf&w,f? 'gayr,fh uav;a&mtazyg touf u,fvkd@ r&vkdufygbl;? tJ'Dwkef;u tar}uD;b0[m ‘vifao/ om;qHk; ,l}uHK;r& ayghat’? tarhtoufuvnf; 24 ESpfausmf±Hkav; &Sdao;wm? ±l;rwwfygyJ ighajr; &,f? 'DvkdeJ@ tar}uD;vnf; rdciftkd}uD;&,f/ orD;av; 2 a,muf&,feJ@twl awmuae +rdK@ay:ukd pGef@pGef@pm;pm; wufvmwm? tJ'Dwkef;uysOf;rem;qkdwm aps;em;w0kdufyJ pnfum;w,f? usefwJhae&mawGu awmawGyJ? ysif;vkd@awmif rem;eJ@wJh? bmvkd@vnf;qkdawmh awm }uD;?iSuf}uD;vkd@ iSufzsm;u odyf=urf;w,fqkdyJ? 'ga=umifh ysOf;rem;vkd@ ac:wmvkd@ a&S;vl}uD;awGu ajymprSwf jyK=uw,fuGJ@? tar}uD;wkd@ a&muf+yD;3-4 ESpfavmuf&SdrS pnfum;vmwm? +rdK@eJ@wlvmcJhwm?

tarvnf; [if;oD;[if;±Gufuav;a&mif;vkduf/ ae@jyefwkd;,l+yD; aumuf n‡if;aygif;/ yJaygif;a&mif;vdkufeJ@ tar}uD;[m rdom;pk4a,mufukd &SmazG au|;vmcJhwmaygh ighajr;&,f? 'Dvkd ±kef;&if; uef&if;eJ@ tar}uD;[m aq;vdyfcHkav; axmifw,f? tar}uD;u awma&m+rdK@ygrdwfaqGrsm;awmh awmfawmf tm;ay; =uw,fuGJ@? pD;yGm;vnf; jzpfvmw,fvkd@ qkdygpkd@ ighajr;&,f æ”

rdef;rqkdwmrdef;rqkdwmrdef;rqkdwmrdef;rqkdwmrdef;rqkdwm'kwd, urBmppf}uD;vnf; +yD;oGm;+yD? ppf}uD;+yD;+yDqkdawmh jynfolw&yfvHk; 0rf;yef;womeJ@aygh? +rdK@ay:uvlawG +rdK@ukd jyef=uawmhr,f?

zufqpf*syefukd atmifEkdifcJh wmrkd@ atmifyGJcHwJh t+idrfhyGJawG[m npOfnwkdif;? r*FvmaqmifawGuvnf; w+cdrf;+cdrf; eJ@? u|efrwkd@vnf;uav;awGqkdawmh +rdK@ukdjyefa&mufawmhrSmukd awG;+yD; aysmf aerdw,f? r=umcifrSmyJ +rdK@ukdjyef ajymif;&ygw,f? tdrfopftkd;opf taqmuftOD;opfawGcsnfhygyJ? 'Dwcgawmh ararwkd@ rrwkd@tdrfeJ@ u|efrwkd@tdrf[m vrf;wck yJ jcm;ygw,f? teD;av;rkd@ aysmfvkdufwm? [kd wcsufawmhraysmfEkdifwm &Sdw,f? tJ'guawmh u|efr i,fi,f av;uwnf;u ‘}uD;vm&if bm vkyfrvJ’ vkd@ar;vm&if ‘q&mr vkyfr,f’vkd@ t+rJjyefajzcJhw,f? 'Dtcsufukd u|efr pdwfxJrSm tpGJtvef; }uD;cJhw,f? u|efrwkd@ i,fi,fwkef;u ausmif;rSmpmoifay;cJhwJh q&mrav; a':apm&ifukd odyftm;usrdw,f? tJ'Dq&mrav;u qif;&Jw,f? vSoavmuf oabmvnf; aumif;/ toiftjyvnf; aumif;/ uav;awGukdvnf;odyfcspfwwfw,f? pdwf&Snf w,f? u|efrwkd@ uav;rsm;uvnf; q&mrav;ukd cspfcifav;pm;=uw,f? tJ'gawG ukd arar}uD;ukd ajymjyawmh‘ighajr;av;vnf; q&mr jzpfukdjzpfap&r,f’vkd@ t}udrf }udrf ajymcJhw,f?

tckawmh ppf}uD;vnf; +yD;oGm;+yD/ pmqufoifcsifayr,fh azazuvHk;0 oabmrwl? zsufw,f? “}uD;awmf pOf;pm;aemf? ayghayghqqawG;vkd@r&bl;? uav; awGu }uD;vm+yD? rdef;rav; pmawGwwfawmh bmvkyfrSmvJ? }uD;vm vif&/ vif aemuf vkdufoGm;rSmawG?a,mufsm;vkyfpm pm;r,fholawG? bmrSxl;vmrSm r[kwfbl;? 'ga=umifh u|efawmfawmh rr(ol@orD; t}uD;ukd rr vkd@yJac:w,f)ukdawmifausmif; quf rxm;bl;? tdrfrSmyJ tdrfaxmifr_ xdef;odrf;wm u|rf;usifatmif avhusifhay; w,f? rdef;uav; yDo&ifawmf+yDaygh”vkd@ arar}uD;ukdqDref;ref;ovkd c% c%ajymaew,f?

'geJ@ arar}uD;u azazhpum;ukd em;axmif+yD; u|efrvnf; ausmif;rae &awmhbl;? u|efr'gawGod&awmh azazhukd pdwfvnf;qkd;w,f?rkef;vnf;rkef;w,f? ukd,fhb0ukd 0rf;vnf;enf;w,f?

{nfhonf}uD; apmapmpD;pD; b,fuvm{nfhonf}uD; apmapmpD;pD; b,fuvm{nfhonf}uD; apmapmpD;pD; b,fuvm{nfhonf}uD; apmapmpD;pD; b,fuvm{nfhonf}uD; apmapmpD;pD; b,fuvm1947 ckESpfavmufuvkd@xifygw,f? &ufvawGawmh wdwdusus rrSwf rdawmh ygbl;? rkd;tukef aqmif;tul;vkd@ xifygw,f?

reufcif; 8-9 em&DavmufrSm {nfhonf wa,muf vmygw,f? blwmu vmw,fajymw,f? vufu vufqGJ om;a&aowWm wvHk;ukdqGJxm;w,f? tvkyform; wa,mufvnf; ygw,f? tdyf&m vdyf wckygw,f? a&$eDiSuffaysmckdif wckdifvnf; ygw,f? tJ'D{nfhonf}uD;[mtom; jzLjzL/ t&yfjrifjrifheJ@ befaumufvHkcsnf a&n‡da&mifeJ@ om;om;em;em;ygyJ? touf uawmh 40ausmufavmuf vkd@xifygw,f?tdrfrSmu u|efreJ@ bkd;bdk; &Sdygw,f? arar }uD;u tjyifxGufoGm;aewkef;rdk@ r&Sdygbl;? 'geJ@ tJ'D{nfhonf}uD;[m bkd;bkd;eJ@yJ pum; ajymae=uw,f?u|efruawmh tjyifrSmyJ upm;aeygw,f? tawmfav;=umawmh arar}uD;jyefvmwmukd jrifvkduf&vkd@ tar}uD;qDukd tajy;tv$m;oGm;&if;

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qD;}udKum tarhvufu vufqGJjcif;ukd qGJ,lvkdufayr,fh tar}uD;u av;w,fqkd+yD; ray;ygbl;?u|efru tar}uD;ukd vufqGJ+yD; “tarh tdrfrSmav b,fuvl}uD;rSef;vJ rodbl;? {nfhonfa&mufaew,f”vkd@ ajymvkdufawmh

tar}uD;u “[kwfvm;”vkd@ ajzvkdufw,f? 'DtckdufrSmyJ {nfhonf}uD;u tdrfxJu uref;uwef;xGufvm+yD; “t arh jyefvm+yD;vm;? ay;ay;vufqGJjcif; u|efawmfhukday;”vkd@ ajymajymqkdqkd tar}uD; qDu jcif;ukd twif;qGJ,lvkduf csdefrSmyJ tar}uD;u “[if æ armifzkd;a&$” vkd@wkd;wkd;av; ac:vkdufw,f?

tdrfxJukda&mufawmh u|efr[m arar}uD; aygifay:wufxkdif&if; rsufESm csif;qkdifrSm xkdifaewJh {nfhonf}uD;udk rodromtuJcwfaerdw,f? {nfhonf}uD;u “tarh uav;aum æ uav;”vkd@ tavmw}uD;eJ@ ar;vkdufwJhtcg arar}uD;u “'gyJav æ uav;æ 'gyJ”wJh?

{nfhonf}uD;u u|efrukd ajcqHk;acgif;qHk; aphaphpyfpyf =unfhae&if;u “[ifæ }uD;vmvkdufwmaemf? awmfawmf xGm;wmyJ?tom;ta&u rtHk;ciftom;eJ@ odyf wl wmyJaemftarh? em;±Gufuav;u ykdwlao;w,f”wJh? tJ'Dvkdajym&if; {nf honf}uD;u u|efrrsufESmukdaoaocsmcsmpdkuf=unfhaevkd@ u|efrrSm b,fvkdae&rSef; rodjzpfaewkef; jAKef;qkd tar}uD;u “rtHk;cifa& æ wkd@ajr;tzGm;tjzpfawGukdvm=unfhvSnfh ygOD;”æ vkd@ atmf+yD; ikdvkdufwm tdrfeD;em;csif;awGvnf; 0kdif;vmvkd@ wtdrfvHk; jynfhoGm; w,f? arareJ@ rrvnf; ajy;vm=uw,f?“tar bmjzpfwmvJ æ tar bmjzpfwmvJ”eJ@ araru jymjymovJeJ@ ar;awmh/ tdrf;eD;em;csif; awGuvnf; 0kdif;ar;eJ@ qlnHoGm;awmhw,f?

arar}uD;u ikd&if; “tr,fav; aumif;=uao;&J@vm;? =unfh=uygtHk;? orD;eJ@ taz? tazrSef;rod orD;rSef;rod jzpfae=uw,favæ =unfh=uygtHk;? aumif;=uao;&J@vm;vkd@ æ rtHk;cifa& æ vm=unfhvSnfhygtHk;”vkd@ ajymajym+yD; ikdvkdufwm arareJ@ rruvnf;ikd/u|efruvnf; bkrod b˜rodeJ@vkdufikd? tJ'D{nfh onf}uD;uvnf; ikdeJ@ vmar;wJh tdrfeD;em;csif; awGxJu vnf;ikd? tkd æ rwkdif;aumif;/rE_dif;aumif; romtdrf usaewmygyJ?

ikdvkd@tm;&awmhrSyJ tJ'D{nfhonf}uD;u iSufaysmckdif}uD;ukd tar}uD;&J@ ab;rSmcs olvnf;atmufrSm qif;xkdif+yD; arar}uD;ukduefawmh&if; “tar u|efawmf i,fwkef;u rSm;cJhwJhtrSm;awGukd u|efawmfawmif;yef ygw,f? cGifhv$wfyg tar &,f”wJh? tar}uD;[mikd&if;±_duf&if; tJ'D{nfhonf}uD;ukdvnf; om"kac:/ qkawG ay;aeygw,f? vl}uD;awGikdwmawmh +idrfoufoGm;yg+yD? rreJ@ u|efryJ usefawmhw,f?arar}uD;u “wdwf æ wdwf uav;wkd@? ighajr;wkd@ wdwf=uawmh”vkd@ u|efrwkd@ukd acsmharmh&if; {nhfonfawGukd iSufaysmoD;rsm;eJ@ {nfhcHau|;arG;aeygw,f?

nusvnf; awmfawmfeJ@ rtdyfbJ tJ'D{nfhonf}uD;eJ@ arar}uD;wkd@[m wkd;wkd;wcg us,fus,fwvSnfh ajymae=uw,f?

b0Zmwfq&m qkdor#tvkdusb0Zmwfq&m qkdor#tvkdusb0Zmwfq&m qkdor#tvkdusb0Zmwfq&m qkdor#tvkdusb0Zmwfq&m qkdor#tvkdusaemufwae@ reufpmpm;+yD; arar}uD;eJ@ u|efr[m ararhtdrfrSm rdom;pk pkrd=uyg w,f? rdom;pk n‡dE_dif;wkdifyif=uzkd@yg? azazuawmh

ol@oabmxm;ukd ararh udkkdajymcJh+yD; tjyifokd@xGufoGm;cJhw,f? arar}uD;up+yD; u|efr ycHk;av;ukdukdifum “ighajr; av;&J@ tcka&mufaewJh{nfhonfu ighajr;av;&J@‘azaz’ t&if;yJuGJ@? ol@trnf ‘ukdzkd;a&$’/ orD;araru rtHk;cif? om;orD;3a,muf xGef;um;cJhwmayg@æ”vkd@qkd+yD;u|efr b0ukd Zmwfa=umif;jyefyg awmhw,f? u|efrukd arG;+yD;aemuf "mwfyHkxJygwJh orD;t}uD;av;2ESpforD;t&G,f[m qHk;oGm;cJhw,f? aemuf u|efratmuf armifav;rlrl&SSdvmwJhtwGuf u|efr[m ‘Ekd@rsuf’+yD; rdcifEkd@ukd rpkd@&awmhbJ arar}uD;qDukd a&mufcJh&w,f? arar}uD;u Ekd@bl;wkduf arG;cJh&w,fwJh? ararrtHk;cif[m ti,fav; arG;+yD;uwnf;u aumif;aumif; rusef;rmbl;? armifav;wESpfcGJ t&G,frSm ararrtHk;cif[m rD;,yfa&m*geJ@yJ qHk;w,f?tJ'DnaerSmyJ armifav;vnf; qHk;oGm;w,fwJh? azazukdzkd;a&$[m arara&m armifav; yg wygwnf; qHk;oGm;&wmrkd@ ajzrqnfEdkifatmifjzpfoGm;cJh&w,f? 'ga=umifh emrnf }uD; aA'ifq&m}uD; wOD;xH oGm;ar;cJhw,f? rdom;pktm;vHk;&J@ ZmwmawGukdvnf; ,laqmif oGm;+yD;jy=unfhowJh? 'Dtcg aA'ifq&m}uD;u u|efr Zmwmukd =unfh+yD; awmh “'DZm wm&Sif&J@ euQwf[m bDvl;euQwfeJ@,SOf+yD; arG;cJhw,f?'ga=umifh ol@arG;+yD; orD;OD;av; aocJh&w,f? aemufqHk;rSm rdcifeJh om;yg qHk;yg;cJh&wm jzpfw,f”vkd@ a[mvkdufowJh? 'Dawmh azazukdzkd;a&$[mu|efrtay: pdwfemum zcifwOD;&J@ arwWm awmif rxm;EkdifawmhyJ ol@&J@q&mvnf;jzpf/ rdwfaqG}uD;vnf;jzpfwJh OD;zkd;pdefqkdolukd ac:vm+yD;u|efrukd ay;ypfygawmhw,f?

OD;zkd;pdef[m vl}uD;vlaumif; wa,mufyDopGm arar}uD;ukd ta=umif;pHk ajymjy+yD; uav;ukd ay;zkd@&m awmif;yefw,f? 'DrSmwifarar}uD;[m &ifxkremjzpf+yD; “'D uav;ukdawmh ray;Ekdifbl;? orD;av;&J@ukd,fpm; ighrSm 'gav;yJ&Sdw,f? armif zkd;a&$ rif;vlvm;? acG;vm;?vlqkd&ifjzifh aemufxyf 'Dpum;rsdK; xyfrajymeJ@awmh? rif;[m tazrkd@qkdifw,f? igu 'Duav; tcgvnfausmfausmfuav;uwnf;uarG;vmwm? tck2ESpfcGJorD;&Sdae+yD? 'Duav;[m ighuav;/ igyJqufarG;r,f? igykdifw,f? aemufxyf bmpum;rS igr=um;csifbl;”vkd@cyfjywfjywfajymvdkufowJh?

'Dawmh azazukdzk d;a&$vnf; bmrSrwwfEkdifawmhbl;? OD;zk d;pdefuvnf; tar}uD;ukd aumif;aumif;rGefrGef awmif;yef+yD;jyefoGm;cJhw,fwJh?

aA'ifq&m}uD;&J@ a[mpmwrf;a=umifh peufrD;u 'geJ@wifr+yD;oGm;bl;? nus awmh azazukdzkd;a&$[m ikd,kd+yD; arar}uD;ukdajymvmjyefowJh? “tar æ u|efawmf 'Duav;&J@ rsufESmukd b,fvkdvkyfvkd@rS r=unfhcsifbl;? olrsufESmukd r=unfhyg& apeJ@ tar? olrsm;ukday;vkdufyg&ap”wJh? arar}uD;uvnf; &Sif;&Sif;jywfjywfyJ? “armiffzkd; a&$ uav;ukd b,fol@rS ray;Ekdifbl;? rif;-uav;ukd b,fvkdrS r=unfhEkdif&if'Dae&mu rif;xGufoGm;”vkd@ ajymvkduf w,fwJh?

'Dta=umif;awGukd ajym&if; ta[mif;u topfjzpf&jyefvkd@ rdom;pktm;vHk; ikd=u &ygao;w,f?

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orD;qkd;rkd@ pkd;aESmifhAsmayG r&SdavbhJorD;qkd;rkd@ pkd;aESmifhAsmayG r&SdavbhJorD;qkd;rkd@ pkd;aESmifhAsmayG r&SdavbhJorD;qkd;rkd@ pkd;aESmifhAsmayG r&SdavbhJorD;qkd;rkd@ pkd;aESmifhAsmayG r&SdavbhJaemufwae@ eHeufpm pm;+yD;csdefrSm azazukdzkd;a&$[m arar}uD;qD a&muf vm+yD;“tar æ u|efawmf 'DrSmaevkd@ rjzpfawmhygbl;?

'ga=umifh u|efawmf ta0; wae&mukd oGm;awmhr,f? uav;eJ@ twl 'DtdrfrSm&SdwJh ypPnf;tm;vHk; u|efawmf xm;cJhygw,f? u|efawmfykdifwJha[m'D t0wftpm; aowWmwvHk;eJ@ c&D;p&dwf enf;enf;yJ ,loGm;ygr,f”vkd@qkd+yD; tar}uD;ukd xkdifuefawmhw,fwJh? +yD;awmh om;a&aowWmudkvufuqGJ+yD; u|efrbufvSnfh/ u|efrrsufESmukd aphaphpyf pyff=unfh+yD;awmh “eifha=umifh ighorD; }uD;a&m/ igtvGefcspf&wJhZeD;a&mom;av;yg tm;vHk;ao=u&w,f? igeJ@ uGJcJh=u&w,f? ighb0vnf; ysufcJh&w,f? eifhukd ig b,fawmhrS rauseyfEkdifbl;”vkd@ajym+yD; u|efrrsufESmukdwHawG;wcsufvSrf;axG;+yD; csmueJ vSnfhxGufoGm;vdkufwm bmowif;rS wcgrSvnf; r=um;&awmhygbl;wJh?

tckvmwmvnf; ol@rSm&SdwJha&m*g tqkyfwDbD[m ykdqkd;vmw,f? 'ga=umifh olwkd@ukd;uG,fwJh aA'ifq&m}uD;qDrSm aA'if=unfhawmh“rif;[m 'DESpfxJrSm rkcsaor,f? 'ga=umifh ta0;u rif;ypfxm;wJh om;}uD;orD;}uD;awGukd awG@jzpfatmif oGm;awG@ ygawmh? rif;i,fpOfutrSm;awG jyefajzyg”vkd@ ajymvkd@ vmawG@&wmwJh? olu&efukef rSmaew,f? aemuftdrfaxmif jyKxm;w,f? uav;3a,muf±Sdw,f?ZeD;onfu w±kwfujym;r jzpfw,fwJh?

tar}uD;u ol@pum;ukd qufajymw,f?“tJ'g oleJ@wygwnf; uav;ukd c%avmuf xnfhay;yg? tarygrS jzpfr,fqkd&ifvnf;tarwkd@ ajr;tzGm; ESpfa,muf vHk;aygh? oleJ@ twlvkdufcJhyg”vkd@ qkdaewm? tJ'gukd b,fvkdvkyf=urvJ qkdwmwkdifyif =unfhcsifvkd@?

“armifzkd;atmifuaum bmawGajymxm;cJhao;ovJ”vkd@ ar;awmh araru “wjcm;awmh rajymygbl;? uav;awmh rxnfhygeJ@wJh?aumif;atmifom =unfhajym vkdufyg”vkd@yJ rSmoGm;w,fvkd@ ajymygw,f? “uJ æ uJ rtHk;&ifoabmuaum”vkd@ ararukd vSnfhar;awmh “u|efr oabm uvnf; ukdzkd;atmifajymovkdygyJ? twlwlygyJ”vkd@araruvnf; ajymw,f? 'Dwif arar}uD;u “at; æ tarvnf; 'DvkdyJ pOf;pm;rdw,f? tJawmh 'Dvkd vkyfr,fav? uav;ukdawmh tckrxnfhEkdifao;bl;?'DvukefavmufrS tarvnf; &efukef ra&mufwm=um+yD/ bk&m;zl;&if;eJ@ wkd@ajr;tzGm; vkdufvmcJhawmhr,fvkd@yJ ajym vdkuf awmhr,f”vkd@ajymygw,f? tm;vHk;u oabmwlw,f? +yD;awmh tar}uD;u qufajymygw,f? “armifzkd;a&$u naeus&if bk&m;oGm; zl;csifw,f wJh? tJ'g ighajr;rruyJ vrf;jy&if;nDrav;ygtwlwl oGm;=u ayghuG,f”wJh? u|efru“rvkdufcsifbl;”vkd@jiif;awmh arar}uD;a&m/ araruyg “vkduf oGm;yg uav;&,f?rrvnf;ygwmyJ? vkdufoGm;yg? vdrfrmygw,f”vkd@ 0kdif;ajym=u w,f? 'ga=umifh u|efrvnf; rreJ@twl azazukdzkd;a&$ukd bk&m;zl;vkdufykd@cJhw,f?

b0Zmwfq&mxHwGifb0Zmwfq&mxHwGifb0Zmwfq&mxHwGifb0Zmwfq&mxHwGifb0Zmwfq&mxHwGifyef=um;csufw&yftaeeJ@yifyef=um;csufw&yftaeeJ@yifyef=um;csufw&yftaeeJ@yifyef=um;csufw&yftaeeJ@yifyef=um;csufw&yftaeeJ@yifu|efrukd i,fi,fav;eJ@ bma=umifh ,larG;xm;&w,f qkdwmukd u|efru ar;vkd@ ararwkd@u ckvkd jyef&Sif;jyzl;w,f?ae@wae@rSm tdrfeD;em;csif; rdwfaqGta':}uD;wa,muf reufapmapm a&mufvm+yD; tar}uD;ukd “‘ta': æ ta':’ tjrefvmyg?

rtHk;cifwkd@ uav;ukd ESdyfpufaew,f? tjrefvmyg”vkd@ tarmwaum vmac:vkd@ arar}uD;u bkrod/ b˜r od vkdufoGm;&w,f?[kda&mufawmhrS ta=umif;pHkod&w,fwJh?

jzpfyH ku 'DvkdwJh? u|efru nnrSm ik dw,f? tJ'gukd rdbESpfyg;u r}udKufbl;? onf;rcHEk difbl;? 'ga=umifh rae@nu“'Davmufawmifikdwm ikdtHk;[m/ eiftikdwdwfrS ac:r,f? rwdwfrcsif; rac:bl;”vkd@qkd+yD; tjyif0&HwmrSm xkwf+yD; xm;w,f? tdrfcef; wHcg;ukdtwGif;u ydwfxm;vkdufw,f? wnvHk; ikdoHrpJbl;? tdrfeD;em;csif;awGvnf; rtdyf&bl;? reuf rkd;vif;awmh uav;[m tat;rd+yD;toHawGvnf; 0ifaew,f? 'gukdodvkduf&wJh tar}uD;[m ikdvnf;ikd/ qlvnf;ql/ a'govnf;jzpf+yD; ararrtHk;cif ukdvnf; yg;ESpfcsufoHk;csuf±kdufypfao;w,f?

“acG;vifr,m;/ ighajr;av;ukd wrifoufouf ESdyfpufaew,f? vl=um; vkd@awmif raumif;bl;? awmf+yD? 'Dae@up ighajr;av;udkigyJac:oGm;+yD; arG;awm hr,f” vkd@ ajym+yD; u|efrukd ac:vm+yD; Ekd@bl;wkduf arG;xm;cJhwm æ”wJh?

'Denf;eJ@ u|efr[m arar}uD;qD a&mufvm+yD; arar}uD;uyJ u|efrukd }uD;jyif; vmwJhtxd au|;arG;jyKpk apmifha&Smuf vmcJhwmyg?}uD;vmwJhtxd arar }uD;u u|efrukd wcgrSvnf; r±kdufzl;bl;? bmrS vkdav;ao;r&Sd&atmif ‘a&$ay: jrwif’xm;wm? vlwkdif;utHh=o,l&w,f?

u|efr&J@ taz&if; ukdzkd;a&$[m w±kwfyg? uGrfwkef;w±kwf/ Ak'<bmom0if wOD;yg? ol@rdsK;±kd;trnfu ‘usif;’wJh? 'ga=umifh ol@ukdArmemrnf ‘ukdzkd;a&$’vkd@ ay; xm;wmwJh? vl}uD;awGu ajymwm=um;zl;w,f? ararrtHk;cifu i,fi,fav; uwnf;u odyfpdwf }uD;w,f?ol@ukdtjypf&Sdvkd@±kduf&if ‘a=umufyg+yD’vkd@ ajymckdif; vkd@ uawmh b,favmuf ±kduf±kduf rajymbl;wJh? tJ æ u|efrvnf; odyfpdwf}uD;w,fwJh?tazwlwmvm;? tarwlwmvm;? 'grSr[kwf taz/ tar ESpfckaygif;vm;awmh rodyg?

tazeJ@ taru u|efrukd usefwJhuav;awGavmuf rcspfwmawmh trSef yJwJh? ta=umif;u u|efrarG;+yD; pD;yGm;awmhwufw,f?'gayr,fh orD;}uD;om;OD;rav; qHk;oGm;w,f? aemuf tara&m/ ti,fqHk;armifav;yg wae@wnf; qHk;oGm;cJh&w,f? taru qHk;oGm;awmhtoufu26 ESpf? armifav;u wESpfcGJ? u|efru2ESpfcGJ? orD; t}uD;rreJ@ armifav;[m ±kyfu wax&mwnf;? rrukdjyef0ifpm;w,fvkd@qkd=u w,f? uav;3a,mufxJrSm u|efru ±kyftqkd;qHk;?

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tJ'Dawmh arar}uD;wkd@u ZmwfpHkcif;jyvkd@ tajctaeawGod&av u|efr[m rdbt&if;ukd pdwfemavavygyJ? 'ga=umifh{nfhonf}uD;u ‘taz’vkd@ ac:ckdif;wm u|efr rac:cJhbl;? rruac:ovkd ‘OD;’vkd@yJac:w,f? rac:csifygbl;? u|efrvnf; pdwf emw,f?

aemifoHo&m b0qufwkdifaemifoHo&m b0qufwkdifaemifoHo&m b0qufwkdifaemifoHo&m b0qufwkdifaemifoHo&m b0qufwkdif;nae av;em&DavmufrSm u|efrwkd@3 a,muf bk&m;ukd oGm;=uw,f? arar wkd@ rSmvkdufwJhtwkdif; t&ifqHk; ta&S@u

‘avmurm&Zdefbk&m;’ukd 0ifzl;=uw,f? {nfhonf}uD;u bk&m;yef;/ za&mif;wdkif/ tar$;wkdif trsm;}uD;0,f+yD; rreJ@ u|efr twGufvnf;ay;w,f? yef;awGukd bk&m;uyf? za&mif;wkdifeJ@ tar$;wkdifrsm;ukd xGef;n‡d ylaZmf+yD; 3 a,mufvHk; bk&m;&Sdckd;=uw,f? u|efruawmh bk&m;&Sdckd;+yD;'Dvkd qkawmif; vkdufygw,f? “wynfhawmfr oHo&mb0 qufwkdif;qufwkdif; 'Dvkd rdbrsKd;eJ@ rawG@ yg&apeJ@bk&m;? twkef@&Sd&ifvnf; ausygap?tvSnfh&Sd&ifvnf; rwifyg&ygapeJ@? awmif;wJhqkeJ@ jynfhpHk& ygvdk. bk&m;”vkd@ qkawmif;vkdufygw,f? u|efrwkd@nDtpfru &Sdckd;+yD;aeyg+yD?‘OD;’u r+yD;ao;bl;? bmawGqkawmif;aeovJ rodygbl;? =umvkdufwm?

tJ'Dae@u bk&m;awGtukef ESH@aeatmif oGm;zl;w,f? a&mufwJhbk&m; wkdif;rSm yef;awG/ tar$;wkdifawG/ qDrD;wkdifawG uyfvªylaZmf+yD;qkawGawmif;w,f? [kd ‘OD;’uawmh bk&m; wcgzl;&if t=um}uD;? u|efrwkd@ nDtpfruawmh ol@tem; apmifhraebJ/ bk&m;udk vSnfhywf+yD;acgif;avmif;oGm;xkd;aevkdfuf =uw,f? nrD;xGef; csdefavmufrS tdrfukd jyefa&mufawmhw,f?

orD; azazar#mfaer,faemforD; azazar#mfaer,faemforD; azazar#mfaer,faemforD; azazar#mfaer,faemforD; azazar#mfaer,faemf'Dae@uawmh {nfhonf}uD; &efukefjyefwJhaeyJ? u|efruawmh tJ'DD{nfhonf }uD; jrefjrefjyefygapvkd@ qkawmif;aewm? 'Dae@awmh

qkawmif;jynfhyg+yD? u|efrwkd@ ajr;tzGm; oHk;a,muf blwmudk vkdufykd@=uw,f? tJ'Dae@u arar}uD;&J@ rsufESm[m awmfawmhukd raumif;bl;?twdwfu t&dyfawGu arar}uD;ukd v$rf;+cHKxm;wJhyHkygyJ? rD;&xm;xGufcgeD;rSm {nfhonf}uD;u arar}uD;ukd xkdifuefawmhygw,f? ikdvnf;ikdyg w,f? arar}uD;uvnf; ikd&if;qkawGay;vkdufwm pHkaewmyJ? rru u|efrukd =unfh+yD; rsufpypf jyw,f? =unfhygtHk;qkdwJh oabmaygh?{nfhonf}uD;u “orD; æ azazoGm; awmhr,faemf? 'Dvukef&if orD;wkd@ ajr;tzGm; qufqufvmjzpfatmifvmcJh=u? orD; æ azazar#mfaer,f æ aemf”wJh?

arar}uD;u u|efrycHk;ukd ykwf+yD; “ajymvdkufav ighajr; ‘[kwfuJh’vdk@ ajym vdkufav” wJh?tkd æ u|efr[m b,fajymEkdifrSmvJ æ u|efr&ifxJrSm tJ'Dtcsdefu emusnf; 0rf;enf;r_ v_dif;vHk;awG[m &ifxJrSm tjynfhrkd@ bmwvHk;rS

rajymvkdfufEkdifygbl;?u|efrwkd@ ajr;tzGm; oHk;a,muf[m rD&xm;}uD; jrifuGif;xJu aysmufoGm; wJhtxd &yf=unfhae=uw,f? &xm;}uD; jrifuGif;xJu

aysmufoGm;rS ararwkd@ tdddrfukd jyefvmcJhw,f?tdrfa&mufvkd@ watmifhavmuf=umawmh ararup+yD; “tarh armifzk d;a&$u bmawGajymoGm;ao;vJ”vkd@ ar;awmh

arar}uD;u“rxl;ygbl;at æ t&ifajym wmawG ygyJ”vkd@ wkdwkdyJ jyefajzvkdufw,f?'Dwif rru blwmrSm ajymwmawG tjynfhtpHkukd jyefajymjyawmh araru u|efrukd “ighorD;u ‘[kwfuJh’vkd@awmif

jyefrajymbl;vm;? 'Dvkdqkd orD;av;u ±dkif;&m usawmhrSmaygh”vkd@ ajymw,f? u|efruawmh bmwcGef;rS rajymawmhbJ wdwfwdwf uav;aevkdufw,f?

araru arar}uD;ukd =unfh+yD; “tarvnf; yifyef;vS+yD? c%avmuf vSJ+yD; tem;,lvkdufygtHk;vm; tar”vkd@qkd+yD; arar}uD;ukdtdyf,mxJ wGJac:oGm;ygw,f?

quf&ef&Sdao;onfwJhquf&ef&Sdao;onfwJhquf&ef&Sdao;onfwJhquf&ef&Sdao;onfwJhquf&ef&Sdao;onfwJhtar}uD;eJ@ararwkd@ om;trd r&S dawmhbJ rreJ@u|efryJ usefcJ hwJ htcsdef rru “t=unf eif &efukefvkdufroGm;wm

odyfuHaumif;wmyJodvm;? eifhtaz vmwJhudpP u eifhukd awG±Hkoufouf r[kwfbl;? olraocif eifhukdac:oGm;+yD; &efukefu ol@rdwf aqGw±kwfolaX;&J@om;eJ@ aphpyfa=umif;vSrf;ay;r,fvkd@ [kdrSmajymxm; cJh+yD;om;wJh odvm;”

u|efr'Dpum;ukd =um;vkduf&awmh a=umufvnf;a=umufw,f? &Sufvnf; &Suf rdygw,f? 'gawG u|efrukd b,folurS rajymyg?wu,fawmh u|efr[m uav; yJ?

+yD;awmh rru wkd;wkd;av; qufajymjyjyefw,f? “tar}uD;u bm&rvJ? a':a':hwkef;uvnf; 'DOD;eJ@ vlrsKd;jcm;rkd@ oabmrwlbl;od&awmh a':a':u ckd;&mvkduf ajy;w,fwJh? arar}uD;u a':olykefx+yD; olwkd@ajy;wJhae&m rod odatmifpHkprf; +yD;/ owif;vnf;&a&mxbDukd wkdwkd0wf+yD; “acG;r/ rsKd;zsufr/ ighrsufESmukdwifru ighrsKd;±kd; *k%fukdyg zsufwJhaumifr taoowfr,f? ukd,fhArmtrsKd;om;csif;qkdbmwjym;rS rygeJ@? igqD;+yD;qifr,f? vlrsKd;jcm;rkd@ r,lygeJ@vkd@ igtwefwefajymwm r&bl;qkd+yD; a':a':hukd vnf;awG@a&m qHyifqGJ+yD; ±kdufypfwmwukd,fvHk; tndKtrnf;awGcsnf; yJwJh? aemufqHk; tdrfeD;em;csif; rdwfaqGawGu 0kdif;qGJvkd@wJh? 'gawmif wvavmuf aq;uk,l&w,fwJh?aemuforD;OD; uav;av;(rusifpdef) wvorD; avmufusrS tifrwefcifwJh rdwfaqGawGukdyg ac:vm+yD; a':a':wkd@/ OD;wkd@u uefawmh=u?awmif; yef=uw,fwJh? rdwfaqGawGuvnf; arar}uD;pdwfauseyfatmif trsKd;rsKd;ajzmif;jz awmif;yef=u? uav;av;ukdvnf; jy=ueJ@? 'DawmhrSarar}uD;u oem;+yD; auseyf vufcHwm-wJh”

u|efru rrajymwmawGukd wtHhw=oem;axmif&if; “rr-uav;av; emrnfu ‘rusifpdef’wJh? [kwfvm;? [kd"mwf yHkxJrSm

32

a':a':ayG@xm;wJh uav;av;ukd ajymwmvm;”vkd@ u|efruar;vkdufawmh rru “at; æ [kwfw,f? tJ'g eifhtpfr t&if;yJ? ol@emrnfurusif pdefwJh? eifhemrnfu‘rusif&drf’wJh? ti,fqHk;armifav; emrnfu‘trl’wJh? odyfvSwm odvm;? aoawmhav tavmif;jyifxm;wmtdyfaewJh twkdif;yJ? eifh±kyfeJ@awmh wjcm;pDyJ? tJ'D uav;av;udk romcsawmh &SifjyK+yD;cs wmod vm;? eifuodyfi,fvkd@ rrSwfrdwm ?tckvnf; =unfhav/ eifhukd w±kwfeJ@yJ ay;pm;OD; rvkd@wJh? arar}uD;u bm&rvJ? aemufrS vmr,fvkd@ vSnfhajymvkdufwmaygh”

u|efrvnf; ckrSZmwfpHkod&+yD; arar}uD;ukd aus;Zl;wifvkd@rqHk; jzpfrdygw,f?

tvSurBm ndK jym&DarSmiftvSurBm ndK jym&DarSmiftvSurBm ndK jym&DarSmiftvSurBm ndK jym&DarSmiftvSurBm ndK jym&DarSmif'DvkdeJ@ {nfhonf}uD;jyefoGm;vkd@ 3 vavmuf=umawmh &efukefu oH}udK; wapmif a&mufvmw,f? “tar ukdzkd;a&$ qHk;+yD?

tjrefvmyg”wJh? usefwJhZeD;u t a=umif;=um; ac:wmyg? azazeJ@araru tjrefjyef+yD; oH}udK;±kdufvkdufygw,f? “tar aeraumif;bl;?rvmEkdifyg”wJh? 'Denf;eJ@ udpPwckukd t+yD;jzwfvkduf&ygw,f?

aemuf 3-4 vavmuf&Sdawmh rdk;wGif;wae@rSm arar}uD;&J@a&m*g(yef;em) xvmygw,f? cgwkdif;oHk;aeus/ ukaeus aq;awGeJ@uk?q&m0efuvnf; *±kpkdufyg w,f? 'DwcsDawmfawmfqkd;ygw,f? wae@rSm arar}uD;u xlxlaxmifeJ@ tdrfa&S@rSm yufvuf ukvm;xkdifwvHk;xkkkwfckdif;+yD; xkdifygw,f? vluawmh &$if&$ifvef;vef;eJ@yg? xkdifae&if;uae “orD;av; æ ararwkd@rrwkd@ukd oGm;ac:acsprf;? OD;av;}uD;ukdygac:vmcJh”vkd@ ajymwmeJ@ u|efrvnf; 0rf;omtm;&eJ@ tajy;uav; oGm;ac: vkduf w,f? vlvnf;tm;vHk;pHka&m arar}uD;u “ighorD;wkd@/ighajr;wkd@/ ighwlwkd@ æ tar r&SdwJhaemufrSm tm;vHk;pnf;pnf;vHk;vHk;/ cspfcspfcifcif ae=uyg? rmefrmeawG rxm; =uygeJ@? txl;ojzifhtarrSmcsifwmuawmh 'Duav;eJ@ ywfoufvkd@ygyJ”

araru“tkd æ araruvnf; r[kwfwmawG rajymygeJ@tar&,f”vkd@ ajymawmh? arar}uD;u wcsuf+yHK;+yD; “rtHk;&if ighorD;/tarukd,fh[mukd,f odygw,f at æ ighorD; pdwfraumif; rjzpfygeJ@? tcsdef&Sdwkef; tarrSmcJhcsifwmav;awG rSmcJhyg& ap”? arar}uD;[mvlaumif;yuwd ajymaeovkdygyJ? t&ifae@awGuawmh tdyf&m uawmif rxEkdifbl;? tckawmhvnf; olr[kwfovkdbJ? arareJ@ OD;av;}uD;wkd@armif ESpfr ESpfa,mufvHk; rsuf&nfawG0Jvkd@? arar}uD;&J@ ab;wbufwcsufpDrSm ajray: xkdifcs vkdfuf+yD; arar}uD;&J@vufukd wa,mufwbufpD qkyfukdifxm;vkduf=uw,f?

“tar@pdwfxJrSm pdwfrcsEkdifwmu 'Duav;yJ? rvdrfrkd; rvdrfrmuav;? t&G,fvnf; ra&mufao;bl;? tarr&SdwJh aemufrSmrsufpdoli,f/ em;oli,feJ@ jzpfae rSm pkd;w,f? ighwl-}uD;awmfajymwm =um;w,faemf? 'Duav;ukd ypfrxm;=uygeJ@? rawmfwm&Sd&if/rvdrfrmwm&Sd&if jyifay;=uyg? qHk;r=uyg? ausmom; &ifom; rcGJjcm; =uygeJ@? ighajr;uvnf; azazwkd@/ ararwkd@/ OD;av;}uD;wkd@uajym&ifem;axmifaemf? vl}uD;qkd&if b,fvl}uD;uyJjzpfjzpf ajym&if/ qHk;r&if aumif;aumif; em;axmifyguG,f? =um;vm; ighajr;av;?vdrfvdrfrmrmaeaemf? ‘trm’ighajr;uvnf; nDrav;ukd onf;cHygaemf? nDrav;u i,fvnf;i,fw,f? rdbvnf; r&Sdbl;? rru t}uD;rkd@t&m&m pdwf&Snfyg? ti,fav;uvnf; rruajym&if em;axmifaemf”

arar}uD; ajymwmawGukd em;axmif&if; arar[m ±_duf}uD;wiif ikd&Smygw,f? OD;av;}uD;uvnf; ikd&if; arar}uD;ukd uefawmhygw,f?“}uD;awmf tppt&m&m pdwfcsyg? 'Duav;twGuf pdwfcsyg? u|efawmf touf&Sifaeoa&G@ 'Duav;ukd =unfh±_ apmifha&Smuf oGm;yghr,f”

araruvnf; “tarpdwfcsyg? 'Duav;tay:rSm u|efrausmom;&ifom; cGJjcm;cJhwm wcgrS r&SdcJhygbl;? 'Duav;ukd u|efr tcspfqHk;yg?ol@ukdoem;cspf cspf+yD; tpp t&m&m *±kpkduf jyKpkapmifha&SmufcJhygw,f tar&,f? tarpdwfcsyg” ajym&if;idk &if;eJ@ araru arar}uD;ukduefawmhygw,f? u|efrwkd@ nDtrukdvnf; uefawmhckdif; ygw,f? u|efr[m uefawmh&if;eJ@ pOf;pm; aerdw,f? bmjyKvkd@ 'gawGajymae =uwmvJ? ikdp&mvnf; r[kwf? trSeftwkdif;ajym&&if u|efruawmh uae@[m taysmf qHk;yJ? arar}uD; p+yD; aeraumif; jzpfuwnf;u'Dae@avmufoufomwm &$ifvef; wm wcgrS rawG@cJhvkd@ygyJ? tck arar}uD;p+yD; aeaumif;vmae+yD? arar}uD; aeaumif; rS ±kyf&SifoGm;=unfhOD;r,fvkd@ u|efru pOf;pm; xm;wmyg?

“arar}uD;u om"kyguG,f/ om"k/ om"k? tarpdwfat;&yg+yD? rdom;pktm; vHk; usef;rm=uygap? csrf;om=uygap? ab;roD&efrcaumif;aumif;rGefrGef aeEkdif=uyg ap”vkd@ qkawGay;aeygw,f?

nrSmvnf; arar}uD;u “ighajr;av;-orD;tarhukd bk&m;&Sdckd;jyprf;ygtHk;? rSwfrdao;&J@vm;? qkdwwfao;&J@vm;vkd@av”wJh?u|efrvnf; bk&m;yifhwmup+yD; aumif;aumif;qkdjy/ bk&m;&Sdckd;jyygw,f? aemufqHk; tr#a0wmtxd toHxGuf &Sdckd;jyyg w,f?

“at; æ at; aumif;w,f? aumif;w,f? ighajr;u rSwfrdom;yJ? vdrfrm w,f? uJ-uJ qufqkdygtHk;? r*FvokwfrSwfrdao;&J@vm;vkd@”

u|efruvnf; r*Fvokwf/ oHAka'</ puf}uD;wq,fhoHk;yg; &or#awG wck+yD; wck qkdjy&Gwfjyygw,f? tm;vHk;+yD;awmhrS arar}uD;uem;ckdif;/ tdyfckdif;ygw,f? u|efr vnf; arar}uD;ukd uefawmh+yD;rS arar}uD;ab;rSm 0iftdyfygw,f? arar}uD;u u|efrudk wcsuferf; vkduf+yD;wckar;vmygw,f? “ighajr;av;u ararrtHk;&ifukd cspfovm; æ”wJh?

u|efruvnf; “cspfw,f? ararhukdav? araruvnf;cspfw,f? wcgrS r±kdufzl;bl;? rrom t±kdufcH&w,f? rru ajym&ifem;raxmifbl;”? u|efr[m wu,f yJ ararrtHk;&ifukd arar}uD;uvGJ&if tcspfqHk;vkd@ ajymEkdifygw,f? OD;av;awG/ a':av;awGxJrSmvnf;OD;av;}uD; ukdxGef;&ifukd tcspfqHk;jzpfygw,f?

“at; æ at; ighajr;av;u vdrfrmawmh cspfwmaygh? ighajr;av; woufvHk; vdrfvdrf rmrmaeaemf? &wemoHk;yg;ukd b,fawmhrSrarheJ@? teaEWm/ teEWig;yg; *k%faus;Zl;ukdvnf; b,fawmhrS rarh&bl;? =um;vm;orD;? rr raumif;wmawG vkyf&ifvnf; vkduftwk

33

rckd;eJ@? tarajymwm aumif;aumif;rSwfxm;aemf”wJh?“[kwfuJharar}uD;”“uJ æ uJ orD;av; tdyfawmh” qkdwmeJ@ u|efrvnf; arar}uD;vufukd ukdif+yD; tdyfvkdufygw,f? aeaumif;wkef;uawmh arar}uD;ukd

‘cG+yD;zuftdyf’aeus? tckawmh arar}uD;u aeraumif;awmh acgif;tHk;awG tjrifh}uD;eJ@ tdyfwmqkdawmh zufvkd@r&/ cGvkd@r&vkd@ vufukdyJukdif+yD; tdyfvkdufygw,f?

ar$;}udKifoif;ysH@pGmar$;}udKifoif;ysH@pGmar$;}udKifoif;ysH@pGmar$;}udKifoif;ysH@pGmar$;}udKifoif;ysH@pGmbk&m;jrwf v_d%f*ltwGif;rSmbk&m;jrwf v_d%f*ltwGif;rSmbk&m;jrwf v_d%f*ltwGif;rSmbk&m;jrwf v_d%f*ltwGif;rSmbk&m;jrwf v_d%f*ltwGif;rSmu|efr[m us,fjyef@oef@&Sif;wJh v_d%f*l}uD;twGif;rSm a&mufaeygw,f? ab;rSmvnf; tifrwefoy`m,fvSwJh Ak'<±kyfyGm;awmf

bk&m;ig;qlyHkawmf awGyg? u|efr [m bk&m;a&S@cHkwef;wckay:u bk&m;yef;tkd;wvHk;ukd ,l+yD; u|efrtvGefESpfoufvSwJh pHy,fyef;awGukdtckdifvkdfufawGa&m/ yef;uHk;awGyg trsm;}uD; pdwfwkdif;usxnfhvªum bk&m;ukd ylaZmf vkdufygw,f? bk&m;&Sdckd; +yD;awmh acgif;avmif;xkd;tr#ay;a0aewkef; tar$;eH@jyif;jyif; teH@wckukd&vkd@ ab;ukd=unfhvkdufawmh {nfhonf}uD; OD;zkd;a&$av? bk&m;rSm tar$;wkdifvªaewmukdawG@vkduf&w,f? u|efr tJ'Dtar$;wkdifteH@ukd r}udKufvSygbl;? t&ifwcg u|efrwkd@oHk;a,muf bk&m;oGm;wkef;uvnf; 'Dtar$;wkdifrsKd;yJ‘OD;’vªcJhwmukd u|efr rSwfrdygw,f? u|efr, r}udKufwm tar$;eH@u odyfjyif; vkd@yg? 'DtckdufrSmyJ “uav;a& æ [Jh-uav; æorD;”vkd@ ac:wJhtoH =um;vkduf& awmhrS tdyf&mu vef@Ekd; vmw,f? reuftapm vif;a&mifjcnfvmvkd@ aus;iSufoH av;awG =um;ae&yg+yD?

“ighajr;av; Ekd;+yDvm; æ tarhukd a&enf;enf;avmuf ay;ygtHk;uG,f” tar}uD;[m acgif;tHk;tjrifh}uD;udkrSD+yD; yufvufukvm;xkdifrSmvSJxkdifaewJhyH kpHrsdK; vSJae ygw,f? u|efrvnf; csufcsif;x+yD; arar}uD;ukd a&enf;enf; cyf+yD;ay;vkdufawmh ol@bmom vSrf;,laomufvkduf+yD;wmeJ@ “at; æ at; æ om"kuG,f/ om"k/ om"k? ighajr;av; bkef;}uD;ygap? ouf&Snfygap? ab;&eftaygif; uif;ygap?usef;usef;rmrm csrf;csrf;omom ae&ygap? &wemoHk;yg;ukd woufvHk; rarheJ@aemf æ orD;”wJh? tJ'D vkd cyfav;av; cyfaES;aES;ajym+yD;acgif;ukd nmbuf ajz;ajz;av;apmif;xm; vkdufyg w,f?

u|efrvnf; arar}uD; aemufxyfbmawGrsm; qufajymtHk;rvJvkd@ quf+yD; em; axmifaerdw,f? tawmf=umwJhtxd bmrSrajymygbl;? 'geJ@u|efrvnf; a=omf-tar pum;ajymwm rsm;vkd@ armoGm;wmyJvkd@yJ xifaew,f? 'ga=umifh “tarh/ arar}uD;armovm;[if”vkd@ ar;+yD; arar}uD;&J@ ar;uav;ukd qGJum v_yfar;vnf; rajymawmhyg? a=omf æ vufpowfawmh arar}uD;utifrwefcspfvSwJh tarhajr;ukd bmrSr&dyfpm;rdatmif pum;av;wajymajymeJ@ nifnifomomav;eJ@ xm0&cGJcGm oGm; wmyguvm;?

1947 ckESpf/ rkd;wGif;rSmaygh? arar}uD;qHk;awmh touf 62ESpfyg?

b0&J@tvSnfhtajymif;b0&J@tvSnfhtajymif;b0&J@tvSnfhtajymif;b0&J@tvSnfhtajymif;b0&J@tvSnfhtajymif;u|efr&J@urBm}uD; a&$awmif}uD; +ydKvJoGm;wm 2ESpfxJukd a&muf+yDaygh? u|efr vlrSef;odwwfp t&G,fup+yD; 'g[m yxqHk;awG@xd

cHpm;vkduf&wJh tylrD;ygyJ? arar}uD; ukd wae@rS rarhygbl;? azazwkd@ararwkd@vnf; u|efrukd oem;vkd@ yGJwkd@/ ±kyf&Sifwkd@ aysmfp&m ±$ifp&mawGeJ@tpm;xkd;+yD; t&ifuxuf ykd*±kpkduf/ ykdtvkdvkdufygw,f? 'gayr,fh arar}uD;udk cspfwJhtcspfukd tpm;xkd;vkd@ r&ygbl;? wa,mufwnf;ae&ifpdwfuydkqkd;/ ykdowd&jzpfvkd@ u|efr[m ararwkd@ om;trdeJ@ rcGJygbl;? acwf}uD;u vnf; ysufaew,f? jynfwGif;ppf jzpfaevkd@ +rdK@xJrSmae&ayr,fhnbufus&if awmfawmfa=umuf &ygw,f? olykefwyf/ uGefjrLepfwyfawG +rdK@ukd r=umc% vm0dkif; wwfygw,f? +rdK@apmifhwyf Adkvfapmvif;wyfeJ@olrEkdif ukd,frEkdif jzpfaewJhtcsdef? "m;jywkdufwm/ tEk=urf;pD;wm/ olckd;˜cdk;wmawG tm;vHk;ukd +rdK@vlxku a=umuf ae&csdef? awmrD;avmifawma=umif vufyef;aygif;cwfqkdovkd jzpfaeawmh usD;vef@ pmpm; jzpfaeygw,f?

azazuvnf; tdrfrSm u|efrwkd@om;trd om;tz oHk;a,mufwnf;qkdawmh tm;i,faerSmpdk;vkd@ rrwkd@ZeD;armifES HukdtdrfrSmac:xm;ygw,f? u|efruawmh ykdaysmf& ygw,f? arar}uD;qHk;+yD; 2ESpfausmfausmfavmuftxd tdrfrSmusefaewJh b}uD; (b}uD;t&if;r[kwf ayr,fh b}uD;u at;aq;+yD; pdwfoabmaumif;ygw,f? ausmif; q&ma[mif; wa,mufvnf; jzpfygw,f?)ukd ae@cif;rSm ulnDvkyfp&m±SdwmawG ulnDvkyfay;+yD; naerS ararwkd@ qDjyeftdyfygw,f? aemufykdif;rSm b}uD;vnf; aemuf tdrfaxmifjyKoGm;ygw,f? aemufZeD;uom;orD; 4 a,mufawmifygvmwmrkd@ b}uD; tdrfrSm pnfpnfum;um; jzpfaewma=umifh u|efrvnf; ulvkyfay;p&m rvkdawmhvkd@roGm;awmhyg? tdrfrSmyJ ararwkd@/ rrwkd@eJ@yJ aeawmhw,f? u|efr[m azazwkd@qDrSmaeawmh pnf;urf;wrsdK;jzpfygw,f? aps;oGm;wm/ oli,fcsif;awGqDtvnfoGm;vkd@ r&yg? b,foGm;˜oGm; rdb 'grSr[kwf rrwkd@/ vl}uD;awGygrS oGm;&ygw,f? rrwkd@u ±kyf&Sif/ yGJoGm;/ bk&m;oGm;/ b,foGm;oGm;ac:oGm;wmrkd@ aysmfygw,f? rreJ@tpfukd}uD;wkd@rSm uav;r&Sdao;yg? aps;xJrSm txnfqkdifeJ@ pufcsKyfqkdif wGJzGifhxm;ygw,f? tjcm; aps;ywf(aps;i,fav;)awGvnf; vkdufa&mif;ygw,f? tJ'Dvkdaps;ywfawG (vrf;ysOf;rem; aps;/ qif;nHwkef;aps;/ v,fa0;aps;)pwmawGudkvkdufa&mif;wmu yifyef;oavmuf tusdK;tjrwf}uD;ygw,f? 'ga=umifh rrwkd@u uav;r&Sdao;cif pDrHudef;&Sd&SSd pD;yGm;&Sm aejcif; jzpfygw,f?

rif;om;acgif;pGyf u|wfusoGm;+yDrif;om;acgif;pGyf u|wfusoGm;+yDrif;om;acgif;pGyf u|wfusoGm;+yDrif;om;acgif;pGyf u|wfusoGm;+yDrif;om;acgif;pGyf u|wfusoGm;+yDqif;nHwkef;(qif;eHwkef;vkd@a&;ygw,f) aps;ae@ wae@rSmaygh? nae 3 em&D avmufrSm aps;ywfjrif;vSnf;eJ@ rrwkd@ZeD;armifESH

aysmfaysmf&$if&$ifeJ@ tcsdefapm+yD; jyefa&mufvmygw,f? olwkd@eJ@twl rdef;uav;wa,muf ygvmw,f? rr[m tdrfukd a&mufa&mufjcif;

34

rD;zkdxJrSm arareJ@ wdk;wkd; wkd;wkd;eJ@ bmawGajymaew,fvkd@ rodyg? u|efrvnf; tvkdufodpGm {nfhcef;rSmyJ xkdif&if; {nfhonfrdef;uav;ukdac:+yD;xd d ki fc k di f; xm;ygw,f? tJ'Dr de f;uav;[m u|efreJ @ rwdrf;r,drf;avmuf &S dygw,f? tom;jzLjzL oG,foG,fav;yg?rsufawmifaumhaumhav;eJ@ rsufvHk;0kdif;0dkif; rJrJav;awGa=umifh awmfawmfav; vSw,fvkd ajymEkdifygw,f? acgif;rSmvnf; tarmufuav;eJ@t0wf tpm;vnf; acwfqefqef 0wfxm;ygw,f?

rr[m rD;zkdcef;xJu jyefxGufvm+yD; “tvSa& æ vm æ nDrav;/ t0wf vJ&atmif? t0wfawGu zHkawGodyfrsm; w,fuGJ@”vkd@ajym+yD; tcef;xJ 0ifoGm; awmh rdef;uav;vnf; vkdufoGm;w,f?

“uav;a& æ uav; æ orD;a& vmygtHk;uG,f”vdk@ araru u|efrukd vSrf;ac:vkdufwmeJ@ arar&Sd&m rD;zkdxJokd@ x˜oGm;vkdufygw,f?(u|efrwkd@tdrfrSm rdb ESpfyg;vHk;u ‘rr’ukd rrvkd@ac:=u+yD;/ u|efrukdawmh ‘uav;’vkd@yJ ac:ygw,f? rru u|efrukd ‘t=unf’vkd@ ac:ygw,f?)u|efru ararhtem;udk 0ifxkdifvkdufawmh araru “uav; æ jrif&J@vm;/ [kduav;rav;ukd oem;p&muG,f? +rdK@taemufbufawmrSmtckodyf qlylaew,fwJh? tpkd;&ppfwyf(ucsifaoewfukdifwyf&if;-tJ'D ucsif aoewfukdif wyf&if;qkdwm Akdvfaemfqdkif;wyfyg? aemifrSmAkdvfaemfqkdif;OD;aqmif+yD; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD OD;aqmifwJh jynfol@wyfrawmf jzpfvmw,f?)u odyfaomif;usef; wmyJwJh? &GmawG a&muf&ifolykef&Gm(uGefjrLepf&Gm)qkd+yD; a,mufsm; }uD;i,ftm;vHk; zrf;+yD;owf/ rdef;rqkd }uD;}uD;i,fi,f tm;vHk;zrf;ac:/ rw&m; apmfum;+yD;/ tdrfrSm&SdwJhu|JEGm;wd&p>meftm;vHk;zrf; ypfowfpm;ypfw,fwJh? tJ'D&efukd a=umufvkd@ ol@taru rrwkd@eJ@ xnfhvkdufwmav? orD;vnf; tazmf&wmaygh?[kwfzl;vm;? orD;av;u tdrf&Sif/ olu 'kuQa&mufvkd@ ukd,fhqDrSmvm+yD; rSDckd&wm/ vmae&wm t&m&mudk,fu pdwf&Snf&SnfeJ@ qufqHyg?oabmxm; aumif; aumif;xm;yg”wJh?

u|efrvnf; ararajymjywmawG em;axmif&if; tHh=ojcif;ru tHh=ordyg w,f? ukd,fhem;ukd,fawmif r,Hkcsifygbl;?tJ'Duav;rav;u ‘tvS’wJh? emrnfuav;uvnf; cspfp&m/ ±kyfuav; uvnf; cspfp&m? rreJ@u|efrwkd@uvnf;

nDtpfrt&if;csmyrm oabmwm;um oGm; twl vmtwl/ vkyftwlrkd@ wwGJwGJeJ@ aysmfp&maumif;ygw,f? tvSu awmol qkdayr,fh0wfwmpm;wm awmfawmf acwfqefygw,f? tJ'Dacwfu acgif;rSm tarmuf awGukd t±G,ftrsdK;rsKd;xm;=u+yD; tuôsu bavmuftuôsrSmvufazmif; xnfhxm; ygw,f? 'grsKd;awG odyfacwfpm;w,f? u|efrwkd@ nDtpfruawmh azazwkd@ tvkdus acgif;rSm tarmufr&Sdygbl;?t0wf0wfwmuvnf; 'DvkdygyJ? ±kd;±kd;oifhwifhpGmyJ 0wfyg w,f? nbufrSm azazyg&Sdaeavh&Sd+yD;/ tpfukd}uD;(cJtkd)vnf; &Sdaewwfwmrdk@ tdrfom;tm;vHk; pHkwwfygw,f? tJ'DtcgrsKd;rSm azazu[moawGajymwwfwmrkd@ w0g;0g;&Dae&ygw,f? azaz&J@0goemu aysmfwwfw,f? olpdwfxifwJhtcg &,f&,f armarm aysmfaysmf&$if&$ifaewwfw,f? olpdwfrxif wJhtcgrsdK;qkd&if wtdrfvHk;u azazh t&dyf tajctaeukd =unfhae&wmyJ? tJ'DvkdtcsdefrsKd;rSm wtdrfom;vHk;bmoHrSr=um;&bl;? tyfus&ifawmif =um;&rwwfygyJ? u|efrwkd@tm;vHk;[m {nfhcef;xJrSm xkdifae=uygw,f? tvSwa,mufyJ rygwmyg?olua&mufprkd@ azazhukd a=umufae yHkay:ygw,f? 'gukd azazuvnf; &dyfrdyHk aygufygw,f? azazu- “[-[kdawmolrav;aum b,foGm;vJ? vmprf;ygtHk;? pum;ajym=u &atmif”

rreJ@ u|efrwkd@uvnf; “tvSa& æ vmav æ azazu ac:aew,f? vm-vm”vkd@ vSrf;ac:vkdufw,f? watmifh avmuf=umawmhrS tvS[m ajz;ajz; av; xGufvm+yD; u|efr&J@ ab;rSm xGufxkdifvkdufygw,f?

azazu “[-emrnfu tvSqkdawmh iguawmfawmfvSw,f xifaewm? 'Davmufvnf; rvSygbl;? +rdK@rSmae&wm aysmf&J@vm;”tvSu azazhukd vSrf;=unfh+yD; “[kwfuJh? aysmfygw,f”“aysmfw,fqkd+yD; wkd@rodatmif ckd;ckd;ikdraeeJ@aemf? +rdK@xJrSm v,fcsif&if rrukd ajymaygh”“rikdygbl;? rruvnf; vkdufydk@ygw,f? u|efrtm;vHk; tESH@ a&muf+yD;yg+yD”“acgif;ay:uvnf; oef;ar#mfpifawG bmawGeJ@ygvm;? w,facwfqef wmukd;”u|efrwkd@tm;vHk;uvnf; 0kdif;&Dvkduf=uygw,f? tvS[m ol@acgif;ay: u vuf 4 vHk;avmufjrifhwJh tarmufuav;ukd olzmom

vufeJ@jyefprf;&if; +yHK;aeyg w,f? “OD;uvnf; r[kwfygbl;”“[kwfw,fav? tJ'g oef;ar#mfpifr[kwfvkd@ bmwkef;? bmac:vJ? 'gjzifh&if ajymygtHk;? wkd@uawmh 'grdsK;ukd oef;ar#mfpifvkd@ ac:wmyJ”?“OD;uvnf; oef;ar#mfpif r[kwfygbl;? tarmufvdk@ ac:wmyg”“a=omf æ tarmufwJhvm;? rodygbl;Asm? igu tarmufqkdwm =uufz}uD; rS &Sdovm;vkd@”? tm;vHk;0kdif; &,fvkduf=uw,f?

tvSvnf; vkduf&,f+yD; aemufxyf bmrS rajymawmhyg? tJ'Dvkd rdom;pk0kdif;zGJ@+yD; aysmfaysmfyg;yg; ae=uygw,f? 'DvkdeJ@ wygwfavmuf&Sdawmh qdwfeHwkef; aps;ywftjyefrSm rrwkd@eJ@twl t &yfjrifhjrifheJ@ ta':}uD;wa,muf ygvmygw,f? rruta':}uD;ukd tdrfay:ac:vm+yD; arareJ@ rdwfqufay;ygw,f? tvSudkvnf; vSrf;ac:vkdufygw,f? tvSvnf; tdyfcef;xJu xGufvm+yD;ta':}uD;ukdawG@awmh “[,f æ tarh”vkd@ ac:+yD; tarhem; udk wkd;a0S@xkdifvkdufw,f? ol@taru orD;av;udk zufxm;&if; rsuf&nfawGyg;jyif ay:vdrfhqif;usvmw,f?

“orD;aysmf&J@vm; æ tarhukd owd&aeovm;”“&wmaygh taruvJ? aysmfygw,f? OD;wkd@a':a':wkd@uvnf; oabm aumif;w,f? tpfukd}uD;wkd@rrwkd@ t=unfwkd@a&m/ tkd æ

wtdrfom;vHk; oabm aumif;=u w,ftar&J@? +rdK@xJvnf; rrwdk@u tESH@yJvkdufykd@w,f? bk&m;awGvnf; tukef zl;+yD;yg+yD? ±kyf&Sifvnf;c%c%=unfh&w,f? odvm;” tarvkyfolu acgif; av; wqwfqwf ndwf&if;u æ

“tif; æ tif; ighorD;av; aysmfaew,fqkd&if taru 0rf;omygw,f at? taru wcgrS rcGJbl;awmh pkd;&drfaewm/ nnf;rruawmhajymygw,f? ‘aysmfaewmyJ’ vkd@”

35

'Daemufawmh ta':u tarhbufukd vSnfh+yD; “ol@tazqHk;oGm;awmh tcg vnforD;av; usefae&pfwm tpfr&J@? u|efrrSmzwqkd;av;vnf;jzpf ti,fqHk; av; vnf;jzpfrkd@ wcgrSvnf; rcGJbl;awmh nus&if [kdpOf;pm;'DpOf;pm;eJ@ awmfawmfeJ@ tdyfr&ygbl;tpfr&,f”?ta':&J@ toH[m wdrf0ifoGm;+yD; rsuf&nfawGvnf; 0Jvm w,f? ab;uxkdifaewJh arareJ@ u|efr[mvnf; ta':hudk=unfh+yD; pdwfxdckdfufygw,f?arar u-

“tkd æ pdwfraumif; rjzpfygeJ@? u|efrwkd@rSmvnf; om;orD;rrsm;ygbl;? 'DnDtpfrav; 2 a,mufyJ &Sdwm? u|efrwkd@vnf;om;orD;csif;pmemygw,f? tppt&m&m pdwfcsyg? orD;av;ukd qufxm;vdk@&ygw,f? &GmrSmat;at;csrf;csrf; &SdoGm;rS pdwfcs&rS jyef ac:wmaygh?orD;uav;uvnf; vdrfrmygw,f? 'DrSm olvnf; aysmfaewmyJ? u|efr wkd@qDrSm pdwfcsyg”

olwkd@ajymawmh uGefjrLepfawG[molwkd@ajymawmh uGefjrLepfawG[molwkd@ajymawmh uGefjrLepfawG[molwkd@ajymawmh uGefjrLepfawG[molwkd@ajymawmh uGefjrLepfawG[mvl±kdif;awGqkd/ wd&dp>mefawGqkdvl±kdif;awGqkd/ wd&dp>mefawGqkdvl±kdif;awGqkd/ wd&dp>mefawGqkdvl±kdif;awGqkd/ wd&dp>mefawGqkdvl±kdif;awGqkd/ wd&dp>mefawGqkd æ“pdwfcsygw,f tpfr&,f? aus;Zl;vnf; trsm;}uD;wifygw,f? Ekd@rkd@&if 'DorD; av;ukd b,frSmoGm;xm;&rSef; rodygbl;?

olrsm;awGuawmh aiGuvnf;&Sd? +rdJ@ay:rSm rdwfaqGawG trsdK;awGuvnf;&Sdawmh olwkd@orD;av;awGukd tv#dKv#dKykd@ vkduf=uwm? u|efrrSmawmh+rdK@ay:rSm rdwfaqGvnf;r&Sd? trdsK;vnf;r&Sdrkd@ ykd@p&m ae&mvnf; r&SdeJ@ 'kuQa&mufaewkef; ‘usrorD;av; awmh a&wdrfepfawmhrSmyJ’ vkd@atmufarhaewkef; bk&m;r˜wmygyJ tpfr&,f? rrwkd@vifr,m; aps;vmwmeJ@wkd;+yD; tusKd;ta=umif; ajymjyawmh rrwkd@u‘olwkd@ulnDyghr,f’vkd@ajym+yD; ac:oGm;vkd@omyJ? aus;Zl;}uD;vSygw,f”

“tkd æ ukd,fhtcsif;csif;awGyJ vkdtyf&if vkdtyfovkd ulnD=u&rSmaygh? u|efr wkd@ukd aus;Zl;wifp&mrvkdygbl;? 'gxuf aeygtHk;?tJ'DawmrSm tpkd;&wyfawG aomif; usef;aew,fqkdwm b,fae&mrSmwkef;? b,fvkdawG jzpfaew,fqkdwm ajymjyyg OD;” arar[m ta':&J@ pdwfaomursm;aer_ukd vrf;a=umif;v$Jay;vkdufw,f?

“ajymjyr,f tpfra&? ajymjyr,f? u|efrwkd@ woufwmrSm 'gavmuf ±kdif;wJh ppfwyfrsdK; 'gavmufqkd;wJh ppfwyfrsdK;ukd wcgrSrawG@zl;bl;? &GmawGa&muf&if tdrfrSm arG;xm;wJh =uuf/ 0uf/ bJ/ u|JEGm; wd&p>meftm;vHk; ypfcwf,lpm;ypfwmyJ? vlawGvnf; csrf;omray;bl;?a,mufsm;qkd&if }uD;}uD;i,fi,f awG@wmeJ@ wcgwnf; zrf;wmyJ? vufjyef}udK;wkyfac:oGm;? wef;pD+yD;wcgwnf; ypfowfwmyJ? rdef;rawGvnf; rdbarmifbGm; a&S@aombmaom ra&Smif bl;? em;eJ@rem z0g;eJ@emyg tpfra&? wcgwnf; qGJ+yD; apmfum; ypfwmygyJ? wcsdK@qkdq,fESpfausmfausmf t&G,fav;awG up+yD; touf(50)ausmf tzGm;}uD;awGtxd tukefvHk;ukd qGJwmyJ? vlawGr[kwfbl; tpfra&?wd&p>mefawGyJ? pm;vkd@&wJh tpm;tpm rSefor#vnf; tukef,lwmyJ? aemufqHk; &GmawGukd rD;±_d@ ao;w,f”

“[if æ 'Davmufqkd;wm olwkd@txufvl}uD;ukd rwkdifbl;vm;? olwkd@Akdvfukd oGm;wkdifaygh”“tr,fav; æ r&bl;tpfra&? olwkd@Akdvf}uD;qkdwmu ykdawmifqkd;ao;? ucsifppfAkdvf}uD;? +rdK@ay:rSm rdef;reJh? uav;awGawmif

}uD;vS+yDwJh? tJ'DAkdvf}uD;uyJ ewfawmif awmifajc&if;/ v,fjyifr&Gmu &Gmol}uD;&J@orD;av;ukd tazol}uD; a&S@rSmwif twif;qGJ ,lxm;wmyJ?tm;vHk;twlwlyJ tpfra&”

“[,f æ 'gjzifh t&ifu olwkd@ajymawmh ‘uGefjrLepfawGqkdwm vl±kdif;awG/ wd&p>mefawGqkd? ckawmh olwkd@u vlrqefyJ wd&p>mefawGjzpfae+yD? 'Dta=umif;awG owif;pmawGxJvnf; rygbl;aemf”

“b,fygvdrfhrvJ tpfr&,f? owif;pmxJ b,folu xnfh&JrSmvJ? owif; pmxJ ygoGm;&if wwkdif;wjynfvHk;u tjzpfrSefawGod+yD;olwkd@tpkd;&vnf; ‘ukd,fhaygif ukd,f vSefaxmif;ovkd’ jzpfoGm;rSmaygh? tpkd;&vnf; t&SufuGJoGm;rSmaygh tpfr&J@”

“'Dta=umif;awGudk +rdK@ay:uvlawGu bmrSodwmr[kwfbl;? awmrSm awmh tukefvHk; od=urSmaygh”“tkd æ odwmaygh tpfr&,f? awmifndKe,fawmifndKe,fawmifndKe,fawmifndKe,fawmifndKe,f we,fvHk; tukefyg? tukefyg tpfr&,f? rtlav;yif qkdwJh±Gmrsm; a,mufsm; qkdwm

wa,mufrSrusefbl;wJh? a&S@ESpf cg v,fvkyfcsdefus&if b,fvkdvkyf=u&rvJ rodao;bl;wJh”“[if æ u|wf » u|wf » u|wf ” arar[m rsufpdrsufESmysuf+yD; pkwfwoyfoyfeJ@ jzpfaeygw,f?“bk&m;/ bk&m;? 'Davmuf±kdif;wm/ &ufpuf=uwm vlawGrS [kwf=uao; &J@vm;”“'ga=umifhajymwmaygh tpfr&J@? wd&p>mefawGygqdk? +rdK@&J@taemufbufjcrf; wjcrf;vHk; 'Dvkdjzpfaewmav? uGefjrLepf wyfawGeJ@

awG@+yD;wkduf&if acG;awG/ wd&p>mef awG ±_H;ygap? aoukefygapawmf? bk&m;od=um;rvkd@ uGefjrLepfwyfawG Ekdifygap”ta':[m ajym&if;qkd&if; vuftkyfcsD+yD; bk&m;od=um;ukd wkdifw,fae yg w,f?u|efrvnf; =um;&wm &Sufvnf;&Suf/ a=umufvnf;a=umuf? oem;vnf; oem;? 0rf;vnf;enf; æ cHpm;r_rsKd;pHk jzpf&ygw,f?(awmifndKawmifndKawmifndKawmifndKawmifndK qkdwm ±Gmtrnfyg? 48ckESpfrSm ygwDawmckd&+yD; awmifndK e,fxJrSmyJ ygwDA[kd tajccHpcef; pkdufcJhw,f? ygwD&J@

tajccHa'ojzpfygw,f?)tJ'DrSm aomif;usef; aewJh ucsiffwyfqkdwm Akdvfaemfqkdif;(oll@wyfzGJ@awG[m aemifrSm olacgif;aqmif+yD; ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD

OD;aqmifwJhjynfol@wyfrawmftjzpf ajymif;vmcJhw,f? awmfvSefa&;twGuf rsm;pGm aumif;r_jyKcJhw,f?) acgif;aqmifwJh trSwf(1)ucsifaoewfukdifwyf&if; jzpfw,f? tukefvk/ tukef±_d@/ tukefowfqkdwJh (3)ajymifpepft& usifhoHk;aew,f? 'Day:vpDt& vkyfaewJh ppfwyfjzpffw,f?

tJ'Dtcsdefu ygwD&J@ jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf (aemifrSm jynfol@ wyfrawmf vkd@ trnfajymif;cJh)ukd OD;pD; wkdufcJhwmuAkdvfrª;&JxGef;yg? (tckaemufykdif;rSm u|efrwkd@ &JabmfawGtm;vHk;u ‘ODav;’vkd@ ac:aewJh ‘OD;av; &JxGef;’yg? Adkvf&JxGef;[m 1946 ckESpf/

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ygwDukd ‘ba&muf'g0g'’ v$rf;rkd;cJhpOf/ vufeufawG tm;vHk; jyeftyf &wJhtcsdefwkef;u tukefjyefrtyfbJ/ vufeufwcsdK@ukd 0Sufxm;cJh+yD;aemifwcsdef ‘v,form;olykef’udk acgif; aqmifcJhw,f? ygwDxJrSm tqifhtoD;oD;u &JabmfawG&J@ cifrifav;pm;rukdcH&ol? jy\emukdpdwf &Snfvuf&Snf ukdifwG,fajz&Sif; wwfol? pnf;±Hk;a&;pGrf;&nf aumif;ol? ±kd;om; ajzmifhfh rwfol? ygwDtay:rSm opPm&Sdol? ygwDtqifhae&mudk&mxl; *k%f&Sdeftjzpf oabm rxm;bJ wm0efw&yftaejzifhom vufcHwwfol? ygwDu wyfaygif;pk wnfaqmuf cJhpOfumvrSm ygwDtaeeJ@A[kdaumf rwDukd wkd;csJ@zGJ@pnf;&ef vkyfcJhpOfu tcsdef apmpGm uwnf;u ygwDxJrSm A[kdaumf rwDjzpfcJhwJh OD;&JxGef;tyg A[kdaumfrwDtcsdK@ukdwkdif;aumfrwDtqifhokd@ jyefqif;ckdif;wmukd ausauseyfeyfeJ@ ygwDuwm0efay;wJh twkdif; aumif;aumif;rGefrGef wm0ef xrf;aqmifcJholvnf;jzpfygw,f? trsKd;orD; &Jabmfrsm; tay:rSmvnf; rSefrSefuefuef oaomxm;+yD; wef;wl&nfwl qufqHEkdif oljzpfw,f? awmfvSefa&;tpykdif;u jzpf&yfwckukd trSwfxifxif &SdcJ hzl;ygw,f? awmifnKde,frS rdbrJhuav;rav;wa,mufawmfvSefa&;wyfzGJ@twGif; &SdcJhzl;w,f? jzLjzLwkwfwkwf/ ±kyfuav;uvnf; cspfp&m? vluvnf;oGuf pum;uvnf;wwf? toufuvnf;13-14 ESpft&G,f/ uav;pdwfuvnf;rukef? emrnfu ‘cifwkwf’wJh? ol[m trsdK;orD;au'g awGeJ@ twl ae&w,f? uav;qkdawmhododor# =um;=um; or#awG rSwfxm;+yD; pum;}uD;pum;us,f odyfajymowJh? &JabmfawGeJ@ pum;ajym&m rSmvnf; ol@ukdpD;ykd;ajymw,fxif&ifvnf; enf;enf;rS rcHbl;? jyefwG,fwmyJwJh? tJ'DrSm &JabmfawGuvnf; cifwkwfukd rsufpdpyg;arG;pl;vmowJh? wae@rSm &Jabmfwa,mufu udpP&Sdvkd@ ‘trsdK;orD;aqmif’ukd a&mufvmowJh? owif;pmukd &Jabmf awG wvSnfhpD zwfae&wJhtcsdef jzpfygw,f?

&Jabmfwa,muf[m owif;pm,lzkd@ vmawmif;owJh? tJ'Dtcsdefu &moDOwk[mvnf; tvGefylaeyg+yD? 'D&JabmfqDukd cifwkwfuowif;pmvmay; awmh tJ'D&Jabmfu owif;pm,l+yD; jyefomvm&w,f? pdwfxJrSm awmfawmfukd rausreyf jzpfvmw,fwJh?

jzpfyHku 'Dvkdyg? ol@ukd owif;pmvmay;wJhtcg cifwkwfu abmfvDtusôwkd av;eJ@ abmif;bDwkdav;om 0wfxm; w,fqkdyJ?tay:u bmt0wfrS rygbl;? tJ'gukd tJ'D&Jabmfu “cifwkwfu ighukd rav;pm;bl;? vlyg;0w,f? oufouf ighukd apmfum; w,f”eJ@rausEkdif rcsrf;Ekdfifjzpf+yD; usefoli,fcsif;&JabmfawGukd ajymjyawmh usef&Jabmf awGuvnf; ("e&SifaygufpawGqkdawmh) 0kdif;+yD;pdwfqkd;=u/jy\emjzpf=uowJh? aemufqHk;awmh jy\emu Akdvfrª;&JxGef;qD a&mufoGm;ygw,f? Akdvfrª;u jy\emjzpfwJh&Jabmfukd ac:+yD;aqG;aEG;w,fwJh? “owif;pmay;wm b,fae&mrSmvJ”vkd@ ar;awmh tJ'D&Jabmfu“trsKd;orD; aqmifxJrSmyg”vkd@ ajzowJh? 'Dawmh Adkvfrª;u “'DavmufyltkdufwJh &moDrSm ol@taqmifxJrSm olaewm ol@pdwf }udKuf 0wfrSmaygh?wkd@a,mufsm;av;awGvnf; odyfylvm&if ykqkd;r0wfawmhbJ/ abmif;bDwdkav;eJ@ aewmyJ r[kwfvm;”vdk@ ajymawmh &Jabmfu qufajymowJh?“a,mufsm;av;u b,fvkdkaeae/ rdef;rav;u raeoifhbl;”vdk@ ajymowJh? “[-rdef;rvnf; vlyJ? a,musfm;vnf; vlyJ? vlcsif; twlwlyJ?ol@taqmifxJ olaewm? vGwfvGwfvyfvyf aecGifh&Sdwmaygh? tdrfomxJrSmae&if cifwkwf zifay:wmawmif jrif&tHk;r,f? ‘&Jabmfukdapmfum;w,f’qkd&atmifvnf; cifwkwfu &Jabmfwkd@ taqmifxJvm+yD; vrf;ovm; jyaewmvnf; r[kwf? ol@taqmifxJ olaewmyJ?ol@[mol vGwfvGwfvyfvyfaewm bmjzpfovJ? rdef;rvnf; vlyJ? a,musfm;vnf; vlyJ? vlcsif;twlwlyJ? bmjzpfovJ” vkd@ ajymawmhrStJ'D&Jabmfvnf; oabm aygufoGm;awmhowJh?

vrf;pOfqkdif&mjy\emrSmvnf; 'DvkdyJ? wcsdefu ygwDucsrSwfcJhwJh ‘55 vrf; pOf’ukd vufrcHbl;? oabmrwlbl;? 'gayr,fhygwDpnf;urf;twdkif; vkdufem+yD; rSwfwrf; wifxm;wmyJ &SdwmyJ? ab;u&JabmfawG b,folrSrodygbl;? ygwDuqHk;jzwf xm;wJhtwkdif;vkdufem+yD; us&mwm0efukd aus¹yefatmif xrf;aqmifygw,f? aemif tcgrSm ygwDu ‘55vrf;pOf’rSm;a=umif;/ vrf;pOftopf csrSwfwJhtcsdefusrS OD;&JxGef;u oabmrwlcJhwJhta=umif;ukd azmfxkwfcJhwmjzpfw,f? ygwD&J@ pnf;±kH;a&;pnf;urf;ukd aumif;aumif;rGefrGefvkdufemcJholjzpfw,f?

tJ'DOD;av;OD;&JxGef;[m 1975ckESpfrSm ygwDA[kdaumfrwD0if jyefvnfjzpf vmcJh+yD; 1985ckESpf ygwD&Jh wwd,t}udrf jynfvHk;qkdif&muGef*&ufwGifvnf; A[kd aumfrwDtjzpf xyfrHa&G;cs,fjcif; cH&ygw,f? 1992ck/ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J@ A[kdpnf;±Hk;a&;aumfrwDtopfay:xGufvmwJhtcg A[kdem,utzGJ@0if jzpfoGm; ygw,f? 1998ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbmvrSm uG,fvGefcJhygw,f?

arar[m nusawmh ta':ajymwJhtajctaeawGukd azazhtm; wqifh ajymjyawmh azaz[m ta':ajymwJhowif;awGukdodyfr,Hkcsifbl;? 'gayr,fh ‘vHk;0 r,Hkbl;’vdk@ jyefrajymbJ +idrfaew,fwJh?

aemufae@rSmyJ ta':[m jyefoGm;w,f? ol@orD;av;ukd vmxm;&wmrkd@ olwwfEkdifoavmuf ‘qef’udk ykd@ay;ygw,f?ray;zkd@ajymvnf; r&yg? aemifv tcsdK@ =umawmh awmbufrSm enf;enf;at;aq;vmayr,hf usrwkd@+rdK@rSm ykdqlvmygw,f? +rdK@ay:rSmAdkvfapmvif;wyfu +rdK@apmifhwyfjzpf+yD; awmuuGefjrLepfwyfawGu +rdK@ taemufbufjcrf;u vmwkdufwm +rdK@ukdvm0kdif;wm ESpf}udrf&SdoGm;yg+yD?nwnvHk; ypfcwfvkdufwJh toHawG[m rpJygbl;? vlawG atmfwJh toH[mvnf; qlnHaewm ygyJ? usrwkd@jzifh a=umufvkdufwm aep&mr&Sdbl;?tvSudkvnf; ol@taru jyefac: oGm;yg+yD? tvSu 'DrSmaysmfaewmyg? odyfrjyefcsifygbl;? rwwfomvkd@ jyefoGm;wmyg?

uGefjrLepfawGu +rdK@taemufbuftjcrf;u vmwkdufwmqkdawmh tajc taeuvnf; raumif;ygbl;? +rdK@apmihfwyf[mwjznf;jznf;eJ +rdK@taemufjcrf;ukd v$wfay;+yD; +rdK@ta&S@pu bkef;}uD;ausmif;wausmif;ukd ajymif;a&$@wyfpGJaeygw,f? (tJ'Dbkef;}uD;ausmif;ukdaZ,sodrf ausmif;wkdufvkd@ac:ygw,f? olaX;ausmif;rkd@ wkduf ausmif;}uD;uvnf; [def;ae±kHru ausmif;uvnf; us,f+yD; tkwfwHwkdif; umxm;ygw,f? ppfwyfu tJ'Da&mufoGm;awmh +rdK@xJu vlawGvnf; tJ'Dausmif;udk ajymif;vkduf oGm;=uygw,f? 'DtxJ usrwkd@tdrfvnf; ygw,f?+rdK@xJu "m;jywkduf wm/ tEk=urf;pD;wm/ olckd;vnf; ylwmrkd@ b,folrS rae&J=uyg? 'ga=umifh bkef;}uD; ausmif;atmuf tdrfaxmifvkdufae&m,l+yD; ae=u&wm Zmwform;awG usaewmyJ? bmtumt&HrS r&Sdbl;? wkdufausmif;}uD;atmufrSm ukd,fhaowWm/ ukvm;xkdif pwmawGukd pnf;wm;+yD; csxm;? tJ'Dvkd ypPnf;awGtwGif;rSm rdom;pk tdyfom±HkyJ? tv,faumifrSm zsmcif; tdyf=uygw,f? rD;zkdqkd&ifvnf;

37

ausmif;tjyifbufrSm wef;pD+yD; csufpm;=uygw,f? yGJaps;wef;eJ@ wlvkdufwm? wcgw&Hawmh aysmfovkdvkdyJ?

+rdK@odrf;yGJ atmifyGJcH+yD+rdK@odrf;yGJ atmifyGJcH+yD+rdK@odrf;yGJ atmifyGJcH+yD+rdK@odrf;yGJ atmifyGJcH+yD+rdK@odrf;yGJ atmifyGJcH+yD1949ckESpf/ rwfvukefavmuf jzpfr,fxifygw,f? &ufawmh rrSwfrdawmh ygbl;? ae@wae@rSm usrwkd@tm;vHk; eHeufpmxrif;awmif

rpm;&ao;bl;? csufjyKwf aewkef;yJ &Sdao;w,f? taemufbuf&Sd aiGawmifausmif;wkduf bk&m;ukef;uae+yD; olykef wyf (uGef jrL epfwyf)uaoewfeJ@ vSrf;ypfaew,f? ausmif;0kdif;xJu +rdK@apmifh wyfuvnf; uwkwfusif;uae cHypfaew,f? wcgw&H usnfqefawG[m xrif;csufwJhae&mukd a&mufvmwwfygw,f? vlawGvnf; atmf=u/ [pf=ueJ@ qlnHae+yD; a=umufvef@w=um; ajy;=uv$m;=u jzpfukefyg+yD? tJ'Dae@uazazvnf; &Sdw,f? tpfudk }uD;vnf; &Sdygw,f? “rD;zkdu rD;awGukd +id‡rf;ypf=u/ ausmif;atmufrSm 0ifae/ aumif;aumif;ae=u/ rajy;=ueJ@”vkd@bkef;bk&m;u atmf[pfowday;aewma=umifh ausmif;atmufu ukd,fhtdyf&mxJrSmyJ tm;vHk;xkdifae=uygw,f? “'kuQygyJ? ajy;p&m vnf;r&Sdawmhbl;”

ra=umuf=uygeJ@-usaemfwkd@ura=umuf=uygeJ@-usaemfwkd@ura=umuf=uygeJ@-usaemfwkd@ura=umuf=uygeJ@-usaemfwkd@ura=umuf=uygeJ@-usaemfwkd@uuGefjrLepfwyfrawmfuyguGefjrLepfwyfrawmfuyguGefjrLepfwyfrawmfuyguGefjrLepfwyfrawmfuyguGefjrLepfwyfrawmfuygrdbjynfolrsm;&J@ om;orD;awGygrdbjynfolrsm;&J@ om;orD;awGygrdbjynfolrsm;&J@ om;orD;awGygrdbjynfolrsm;&J@ om;orD;awGygrdbjynfolrsm;&J@ om;orD;awGygaoewfoH[m wjznf;jznf;eJ@ pJvmyg+yD? t=um}uD;aerS wcsufwcsuf avmufyJ =um;&ygawmhw,f? ae@vnf wem&D

avmufusawmh ausmif;0dkif;xJu vli,fwa,muf ajy;vm+yD; usrazazukd vmajymygw,f?“OD;av;atmif ausmif;0kdif;xJu +rdK@apmifhwyf qkwfajy;oGm;+yD? wa,mufrS r&Sdawmhbl;”azaz[m rsufESmawGrJ+yD; aqmufwnf&mr& jzpfoGm;ygw,f?“'kuQygyJ? uGefjrLepfwyfawGawmh a&mufvm awmhrSmyJ? r&ifa& wkd@awmh 'kuQyJ? b,fvkdvkyf=urvJ ”azazhpum;a=umifh ararvnf; wkefwkef&D&D jzpfoGm;ygw,f? azaz[m a&$aiG ypPnf;awG xnfhxm;wJh aowWm}uD;ukdr,+yD; b,fae&m

xm;&rSef; rodjzpfaeygw,f? (tJ'DaowWmxJrSm usrwkd@rdom;pk 0wfwJh vuf0wf&wemav;awG tm;vHk;&Sdygw,f? aiGom;wcsdK@ &Sdygw,f?)usrvnf; awG;+yD; a=umufaeygw,f? “bk&m;/ bk&m; 'DypPnf; awG ygukef&ifawmh 'kuQygyJ”? tpfukd}uD;eJ@rrwkd@vnf; jym,mcwfaeygw,f?

tm;vHk;[m wnfwnf+idrf+idrfukd r&Sdawmhygbl;? aowWm}uD;awG r,r+yD; [kd oGm; xm;&rvkd/ 'DoGm; xm;&rvkd jzpfae=uw,f?nae (3)em&DavmufrSm vli,fwcsdK@ ajy;vmygw,f? “ausmif;0kdif;0if; wHcg;aygufrSm uGefjrLepfwyfawG a&mufvmukef+yD”vkd@

vmatmfajymygw,f?aemufwa,muf xyfvm+yD; ajymjyefygw,f?“uGefjrLepfwyfawG ausmif; 0kdif;xJ a&mufvmukef+yD? AkdvfvkyfwJholeJ@ bkef;bkef;eJ@ tjyeftvSef bmawG ajymae=uvJ rodbl;?

ajymae=uw,f”wJh?vlawG [m ykd+yD; ±kwf±kwfoJoJ jzpfukef=uw,f?“a[h-ukd,fhypPnf;awGtem;rSmyJ ukd,fxkdif=u? b,folrS roGm;=ueJ@? uav;rav;awGvnf; ±kyfzsuf/ b,frS rxGuf=ueJ@? vl}uD;awG

tem;rSmyJ xkdifae =u”wJh?vl}uD;wa,mufu atmfajymvkdufawmh tm;vHk;u oabmwl=uw,f? 'Dawmh uav;rav;awGvnf; rD;zkdukd oGm;=u+yD;

',ftkd;zifu tkd;rJawGeJ@ rsufESmukd okwf=uvkyf=ueJ@ tvkyf±_yfae=uygw,f?usrvnf; oGm;r,fvkyfawmh araru “[Jh-uav; oGm; raeeJ@? a&csdK;&if +cHKwJh wbuf}uD; acgif;+rD;+cHKxm;? ararwkd@ tem;rSm

yJ xkdif? b,frS roGm;eJ@? vm æ vm æ wJh”? 'geJ@ usrvnf; arG;yGwbuf}uD;ukd acgif;+rD;+cHK+yD;awmh arareJ@ azaz=um;rSm 0ifxkdif aevkdufygw,f?ab;rSm tpfukd}uD;eJ@ rrvnf;&Sdw,f?

“at; æ [kwf+yD? acgif;ukdiHk@xm;? armhr=unfheJ@”c%avmufaeawmh ppfom;awG ausmif;atmufukd 0ifvmaeyg+yD? tpdwf oHk;q,favmuf &Sdr,f? ,leDazmif; tpdrf;a&mifeJ@yJ?

wjznf;jznf;eJ@ usrwkd@ &SdwJhae&m eJ@ eD;vmyg+yD? tJ'DxJu AkdvfvkyfwJhvlu a&S@u jznf;jznf;csif; av#mufvm+yD; 'Dvkdajym vkduf ygw,f?“rdbjynfolrsm;cifAsm; æ usaemfwkd@ukd ra=umuf=uygeJ@? usaemfwkd@[m Armjynf uGefjrLepfygwDu jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;

wyfrawmfom;awGyg? usaemfwkd@ [m rdbjynf olrsm;&J@ om;orD;awGyg? bmrS rpkd;&drf=uygeJ@? tck usaemfwkd@ bdeyfawG pD;xm;wmvnf;ppfa&;vkdtyfcsufa=umifhyg? bkef;bk&m;qDrSm cGifhawmif;+yD; pD;cGifh&rS pD;xm;wmygcifAsm;? OD;wkd@a':a':wkd@tm;vHk; ukd,fhae&mrSmyJukd,fae=uygcifAsm;? [kdoGm;'Dvm rvkyf=uygeJ@? arwWm&yfcHygw,fcifAsm;”

usefwJh &JabmfawG [m olwkd@acgif;aqmif&J@ ab;eJ@ aemufrSmyJ 0ef;&Hxm;+yD; rsufvHk;rsm;u ausmif;atmuf wckvHk;ukd tESH@owdxm;=unfhaewJhyHk ay:ygw,f? em&D0ufavmuf&Sdawmh &Jabmfwa,mufu AkdvfvkyfolxHukd owif;ykd@ygw,f? ausmif;0kdif;wckvHk; &Sif;+yD;+yDjzpfa=umif;ajymygw,f? Akdvfvkyfolu at;at;aq;aq;yJ pum;ukd qufajymaeygw,f?

“rdbjynfolrsm;cifAsm;-pdwfat;at;csrf;csrf;eJ@ yifukd,ftwkdif;yJ tvkyfrsm;ukd quf+yD; vkyfEkdif=uygw,f? usaemf wkd@ uGefjrLepfwyfuw+rdK@vHk;ukd odrf;ykduf +yD;yg+yD? 'Dae@n/ 'Dausmif;atmufrSmyJ usaemfwkd@ w&m;yGJ usif;yygr,f? rdb jynfol rsm; tm;vHk; w&m;yGJukd ºua&mufyg&eftav;teuf zdwf=um;tyfygw,fcifAsm;” vkd@ajym+yD; jznf;jznf;csif; jyefxGufoGm; w,f?

ausmif;atmufu tayguf0 txGufrSm w}udrf xyfatmfajym+yD; 'Dn w&m;yGJukd tm;vHk;wufa&muf=uzkd@ zdwf=um;jyefygw,f?

38

ausmif; atmufuxGuf+yD; ausmif;0if;xJrSm uGefjrLepfwyfawG wef;pDvlppfvkyfaewm vlawmf awmfrsm;ygw,f? tJ'g +yD;awmh uGefjrLepfwyfawGtm;vHk;jyefxGufoGm;yg+yD?

ikdtm;xuf&,ftm;oefikdtm;xuf&,ftm;oefikdtm;xuf&,ftm;oefikdtm;xuf&,ftm;oefikdtm;xuf&,ftm;oefuGefjrLepfwyfawG xGufoGm;+yD;aemuf u|efrwkd@vltkyf}uD;[m w0g;0g;eJ@ yGJusaeygw,f? tJ'DrSm ‘OD;a&$’qkdwJh OD;av;}uD;u

tvGefaysmfwwf/ aemufwwf ygw,f? uGefjrLepfwyfawG ausmif;0kdif;xJ a&mufvmawmh olu tdrfom c%c% wufcsifwm a=umufvkd@roGm;&JbJ zifukd zaemifheJ@ ydwf+yD;xkdifae&w,f qkdwJh t a=umif;/ t&ifu =um;zl;wmu

“uGefjrL epfawGqkdwm vl±kdif;awG/ bm,Ofaus;r_rS r&Sd/ qHyifuvnf; t&Snf}uD;/ E_wfcrf;arG;awG rkwfqdwfarG;awGuvnf; t&Snf}uD;awGeJ@ t0wftpm; awGuvnf; pkwfpkwfjywfjywfeJ@ bmypPnf;awG@awG@ tukef odrf;,lwmyJwJh? rdef;uav;awG awG@&ifvnf;ol&JolbufawGvkdyJ 0kdif;qGJ=u w,fqkdawmh a=umuf vkduf&wm? wu,fhwu,f awG@awmhvnf; bmrSr[kwfbl;? ,Ofaus; vkdufwmrStvGefyJ? [kd - AkdvfvkyfwJhvlu ±kyfuvnf;acsm/ tajymuvnf; aumif;/ toH uvnf;aumif;ovm; rar;eJ@ =unfh&if;eJ@ om;rufawmifawmfvkdufcsif ao;” vkd@ ajymvkdufawmh ab;uvlawG tm;vHk;u 0g;ueJ 0kdif;&,fvkduf=uw,f?

ab;uol@wlrav; ‘ar&D’u ol@OD;av;ukd vSrf;+yD; rsufapmif;wcsufxkd; vkdufygw,f? OD;a&$&J@ZeD;‘a':i,f’uvnf;“awmfuvnf;awmf æ bmawG a&SmufajymaerSef; rodygbl;? uav;ru i,fygao;w,f”vkd@ ajymvkdufawmh-OD;av;a&$u quf+yD; “trav;[Jh-rkef@qDa=umfyJ &,&ygtHk; æ E_wfcrf;emeJ@ wnfhyghrvm; vkyfraeprf;ygeJ@”vkd@ rJh&GJ@+yD; ajymaewkef; æ jAKef;ueJ

“a[h-odyfvnf; aysmfrae=ueJ@OD;? tck[mu tpyJ&Sdao;w,f? uGefjrLepfqkdwm emrnf}uD;? urBmeJ@csD+yD; a=umufae&wm odvm;?[if; æ [if; æ [if;? aemifausmcsrS "m;jyrSef; od=ur,faemf”

toH=um;vkd@ vSnfh=unfhvkdufawmh (puf&Sifw&m;ol}uD;uawmf) rif;u awmf}uD; jzpfaeygw,f? rif;uawmf}uD;[m ajymajymqkdqkdeJ@ol@cE<m}uD;ukd wa&G@a&G@ o,f,l&if; ausmif;wHcg;r}uD;qD xGufoGm;ygw,f? OD;av;a&$}uD; trª;jyKwJh vli,f wokduf aysmf&$ifaewmukdr}udKufwJh[efeJ@ vm+yD; ‘a[muf’oGm;wmyg?

OD;av;a&$u rif;uawmf}uD;&J@ aemufausmjyif}uD;udk vSrf;=unfh&if; pnfykdif; }uD; vSdrfhoGm;ovkd oGm;aewJh rif;uawmf}uD;&J@[efukd vkyfjy+yD;

“oif;wkd@yJ a=umuf=u? wkd@eJ@ bmqkdifvkd@vJ? wkd@u qif;&Jom;yJ”vkd@ ajymvkdufygw,f?“ukda&$uvnf;awmf pum;enf; &efpJwJh? aeprf;yg? bmawG a&Smufajym aerSef;ukd rodbl;”“[-ighbmom aysmfaysmfyg;yg; aewm? oif;u rqDrqkdif vm ‘a[muf’aewm? oif;u bm}uD;rkd@vJ”uG?OD;av;a&$&J@ toH[m rmvmygw,f?“tkd-ukda&$uvnf; ajymav uJavygvm;? wkd;wkd;ajymygawmf? [kdu =um; oGm;rSjzifh攓tkd-=um;awmhvnf; bmjzpfvJuG? atmifrm-ukd,fvkyfrS ukd,fpm;&wm-[if;”OD;av;a&$[m ajym&if;qkd&if; a'gojzpfvmyHkaygufygw,f? toH[m rm vnf;rm/ us,fvnf;us,fvmygw,f? apmapmu

aysmfaysmfyg;yg;eJ@ pnfum;aewJh pum; 0kdif;av;[m rif;uawmf}uD;&J@ pum;a=umifh qef@usifbufukd ajymif;oGm;cJhyg+yD?

0rf;enf;0rf;om 0rf;enf;0rf;om 0rf;enf;0rf;om 0rf;enf;0rf;om 0rf;enf;0rf;om n[m wdwfqdwf +idrfoufaeovkd uGefjrLepfw&m;yGJuvnf; p,yg+yD? atmufvif;"mwfrD;}uD;ESpfvHk;uvnf; ausmif;atmufwckvHk;vif;xdefvkd@aewmygyJ? y&dowf awmfawmfrsm;ygw,f? rif;uawmf}uD;vnf; aemufem;rSm yg,ygw,f? cgwkdif;vkd pGmus,fpGmus,f r[kwfawmhbJcyfukyfukyfav;xkdifaeygw,f? w&m;a[m pifjrifh ay:rSm vl 14-5 a,mufavmuf &Sdygw,f? cHkwef;vsm; ESpfvHk;ukd qufcsxm;+yD; vltjynfhxkdifae=uygw,f? ppf,leDazmif;eJ@ 3 a,mufavmufyJyg+yD; tJ'Dvl awGuvGJ&if useftm;vHk;u t&yf0wfawGeJ@yg? olwkd@tm;vHk;rSmajcmufvHk;jyL;awG csdwf xm;ygw,f? ,leDazmif;eJ@ 3 a,mufuvnf; wa,mufu umbkdif/ ESpfa,mufu pwif;*ef; ukdifxm;w,f? aemufuteDa&mifay:rSm t0ga&mif wlwHpOf[m aemuf cHteDa&mifeJ@ tvGefukd yeH&vS+yD; =unfhvkd@vnf; r+iD;Ekdifygbl;? w&m;yGJukd ‘atmifvHeD’oDcsif;eJ@pzGifhygw,f? tjzLa&mif &ifzHk;tuôsav;eJ@ tpdrf;&ifh a&mifvHk csnfukd oyfoyf&yf&yf 0wfxm;wJh tJ'DtrsdK;orD;av;[m &JabmfraxG;&ifwJh?atmifvHeDoDcsif;qkdwm 'DwcgyJ =um;zl;ygw,f?

atmifvHeDoDcsifatmifvHeDoDcsifatmifvHeDoDcsifatmifvHeDoDcsifatmifvHeDoDcsif;;;;; teDa&mifukd aemufcHxm;ygvkd@ razmufjyef=uygwJh » wkd@-tvkyform; » v,form;awG&,f»» tm;pkjcif;ukd t"dy`m,fjyw,f»uGefjrLepfavmu »xlaxmifr,f » » » » » » » » » » »

atmifvHeD[muG,f » &J&ifhwJht"dy`m,f&w,f » wl&,f » wHpOf&,f » tm;pkwJh Oyrmjyw,f » » » » » xl;wJh atmifvHeD&,f» urBmw0Srf;rSm v$rf;vkd@ae+yDuG,f»

(oH+ydkKif)æwlukdukdifpGJ=uwJh » tvkyform;vlxk&,f » wHpOfukd ukdifpGJ=uwJh » v,form;vlxk&,f » aygif;&r,f » » » » » » »» rSef;ar#mf&nf ajr&Sifpepfukd wkdufjzufypf&r,f? rSef;ar#mf&nf t&if;&Sifpepfukd wkdufzsufypf&r,f?

(oDcsif;pmom;awG tukef rrSwfrdawmhyg)

oDcsif;vnf;qHk;a&m æ tkd-wD;vkdufwJh vufckyf=obmoHawG[m awmfawmffeJ@ rpJygbl;? ol@&J@toHu av;eufwnf+idrf+yD;

39

wufºur_vnf; yg, ygw,f? toH uvnf; aumif;/ qkdvnf;qkdwwfw,f? oH+ydKiftykd'frSm usefwJhvlawGtm;vHk; &yf+yD;0kdif;qkd =uw,f?em;axmifvkd@ tifrwefaumif;ygw,f?

oDcsif;vnf;qHk;a&m vl}uD;wa,muf xGufvm+yD; w&m;a[mygw,f?

uGefjrLepfqkdwmuGefjrLepfqkdwmuGefjrLepfqkdwmuGefjrLepfqkdwmuGefjrLepfqkdwm a[majymwmawGu trsm;}uD;ygyJ? 'gayr,fh u|efrem;vnfwmuawmh enf;enf;ygyJ?

“uGefjrLepfqkdwm vlowf0g'orm;awG r[kwfbl;? aus;vufrSm tifrwef qkd;oGrf;+yD; vlxktay: Akdvfus&rf;um;aewJhol}uD;qdk;awG/ t&m&Sdqkd; awGukdom qHk;rwJh taeeJ@ owfwmyg”?

“wcsdK@&GmawGrSm ajr&Sifqkd;awG &Sdw,f? qif;&Jom;awGtay: rw&m; zdESdyf aoG;pkyf+yD;awmh orD;ysKdav;awGukdvnf; zsufqD;w,f?'Dvkdajr&Sifqkd;awGukd ypPnf;awG odrf;±Hkru vlukdvnf; qHk;rypf&w,f”wJh?

“ypPnf;awGodrf;w,fqkdwm vlwkdif;qDu odrf;wmr[kwfbl;? aus;vufrSm qkd&if v,form;awGqDu rw&m;aoG;pkyf,lxm;wJhajr&SifawG&J@ ypPnf;awG/ +rdK@ay: qkd&ifvnf; 'DvkdyJ? qif;&Jom;awGtay: rw&m;zdESdyfaoG;pkyfwJh twkd;}uD;pm;"e&Sif/ t&if;&Sif}uD;awG&J@ypPnf;awGukdqkd&if odrf;w,f? vlxktay: rw&m; Akdvfus&rf;um; aewJh t&m&Sdqkd;awG&Sdw,f? tJvkdvlrsdK;awG qkd&ifvnf; &Sif;ypf&r,f”

“u|efawmfwkd@ uGefjrLepfawG[m qif;&Jom; tzdEdSyfcHjynfolawGeJ@ twl &yfwnf+yD; tzdESdyfcHjynfolawG&J@ tusdK;ukdvkyfaqmifolawGyg? aemufqHk;&nfrSef;csuf uawmh vlvlcsif; aoG;pkyfr_uif;wJh uGefjrLepfavmutxd csDwuf=u&ygr,f”

tJ'Dvk d a[m+yD;oGm;wJ haemuf =obmoHawG qlnHoGm;wmygyJ? aemuf tcrf;tem;rª;u “tck-&Jabmf0if;aqGuvuf&SdtajctaeawGukd wifjyygvdrfhr,f? &Jabmf0if;aqG ºuygcifAsm;”vkd@ zdwfac:vkdufawmh rD;a&mifatmufukd xGufvmwJh oluawmhwjcm;vl r[kwfygbl;? ae@vnfwkef;u ausmif;0kdif;xJ wyfeJ@0ifvmcJh wkef;u AkdvfvkyfwJhol jzpfaeygw,f? olajym wmuawmh-

“rdbjynfolrsm;cifAsm; æ u|efawmfwkd@[m tpkd;&u 0g'jzef@aeovkd vl±kdif; vlqkd;awG olckd;"m;jyawG r[kwfygbl;? u|efawmfwkd@[m“rwkduf&if aorSmrkd@ rao atmif jyefwkdufae&olawGyg” ? vuf&Sdtpkd;&[m vufeuftm;eJ@ wbufowf tEkdifusifh+yD; bmrSrajymbmrSppfra=unmbJ rwfv(28)&ufae@rSm tvpftidkfuf zrf;+yD; wjynfvHk;rSm&SdwJh uGefjrLepfawGukd rw&m; zrf;qD;axmifcs/ rw&m; ESdyfpufn‡Of;yef; aew,f? u|efawmfwkd@ OuUÏ}uD;awmif uHaumif;vkd@ oDoDav; vGwfw,f? u|efawmfwkd@ uGefjrLepfygwDu &JabmfawGtiftm;w0ufavmuf tzrf;cH&+yD; axmif xJa&mufukefygw,f?

Armjynf vGwfvyfa&;&atmif e,fcsJ@orm;ukd qef@usifwkdufckdufwmvnf; twlwl/ zufqpf*syefukd awmfvSefwkdufckdufawmhvnf;twlwl tck vGwfvyfa&;&+yD; olwkd@tm%m&vmawmhrS wav#mufvHk; toufay;+yD; vufwGJvmcJhwJh ukd,fh &Jabmf awGukd bmrajym/nmrajym tvpftikdufzrf;+yD; axmifcs owfjzwfaewm w&m; ovm;? 'gwif ruao;ygbl;? ygwDtajccHpcef;&Sd&m awmifndKe,fw0kdufrSm&SdwJhaus;&GmawGtm;vHk;rSmvnf; a,mufsm;rSefor# tukefzrf;owf/ trsdK;orD;rSefor# q,fESpforD;t&G,fuae touf(50)ausmftxd tm;vHk;ukdrw&m;apmfum;? pm;vkd@&wJh ypPnf;rSefor# tukefvk,uf,liif pm;? pm;rukef&if zsufqD;ypf+yD;awmh &GmawGtukef rD;±_d@? “tukefvk/tukefowf/ tukefrD;±d_@qkdwJh (3)ajymifpepfeJ@ tukefvkyf aeygw,f? tck awmifndKw0kdufu jynfolawG pm;p&mr&Sdvkd@ iwfjywf+yD;awmxJrSm&SdwJh aºu;OawG vkdufwl;&if; aooluao/ aºu;OawGpm;awmh pm;aeus r[kwfawmh (rawmufatmif/ tqdyfrjzpfatmifrpm;wwfvkd@) aºu;Opm;+yD; wtdrfvHk; aooluaoeJ@ 'kuQyifv,fa0aeygw,f? tcku|efawmfajymwmukd r,Hk&if rdbjynfolrsm; a0;a0;oGm;pHkprf;p&m rvkdygbl;cifAsm;? ysOfrem;+rdK@eJ@ (3)rkdifyJa0;wJh ‘jyefuajy;’‘qdwfESHukef;’&GmrSmoGm;+yD; pHkprf;=unfh&if tcku|efawmfajymwmxufykd+yD; pHkpHkvifvif od&yg vdrfhr,f?

olckd;"m;jy aomif;usef;olawG[m u|efawmfwkd@ r[kwfygbl;? olwkd@jzpfyg w,f? OD;Ektpkd;&[m tm%mtm;ukd; vufeuftm;ukd;eJ@rw&m;tEkdifusifh u|efawmf wkd@ukd vkdufowfaew,f?

'ga=umifh “rwkduf&ifaorSmrkd@ raoatmif jyefwkduf&yg w,f”?“rwkduf&ifaorSmrkd@ raoatmif jyefwkduf&yg w,f”?“rwkduf&ifaorSmrkd@ raoatmif jyefwkduf&yg w,f”?“rwkduf&ifaorSmrkd@ raoatmif jyefwkduf&yg w,f”?“rwkduf&ifaorSmrkd@ raoatmif jyefwkduf&yg w,f”?Akdvf0if;aqG ajymjywm[m tvS&J@ tarajymjywmxuf ykdpHkvifygw,f? olu cHpm;r_ tjynfheJ@ ajymw,f? tajymta[muvnf;

aumif;awmh y&dowf}uD; [m +idrfusaeygw,f? olajymwmvnf;+yD;a&m ‘"m;rkd;&GmoDcsif;’ukd 0kdif;qkd=uygw,f?

"m;rkd;&GmoDcsif;"m;rkd;&GmoDcsif;"m;rkd;&GmoDcsif;"m;rkd;&GmoDcsif;"m;rkd;&GmoDcsif; (rw&m;wmvkyf&if » wkd@rcHbl;a[h » rxl;wJh twlawmh taocHum » csr,f » csr,f? wouftjyif ESpfouf[m raoygbl;uGJ@

» &JwJhArm&J@ *k%fa&mif ajymifaphr,f» wkdufr,fckdufr,f)2 wkd@&GmawG rD;±_d@+yD;awmh wd&dp>mefenf;eJ@ &Gmom;awG vnf; owfjyefygavw,f?rw&m;avjcif;aemf » twif;aqmf=uygr,f?

oH+ydKifoH+ydKifoH+ydKifoH+ydKifoH+ydKif æ (a&S@ukdcsDr,fav » wufa[ » wufa[ » t*FvdyfuarG;wJh [kdacG;awG » owfa[ » owfa[) 2 usLyifckwfovkdrw&m; trsdK;awG "m;rkd;&Gmr,fav?

(wkd@ygwDa&S@aqmifum&,f » oif;wkd@wawGukd wkdufzsufypfr,f)2 » (vrf;rSefvkd@&,f » }udKufw,f » vkdufr,f » w &m;wmrkd@uG,f» wkd@Ekdif&r,f)2 » [,f æ iEktpkd;&ukdjykKwfatmif wkd@wkdufr,f » wkd@=uufukd » twif;qGJcJhovkd » wkd@0ufukd twif;qGJcJh ovkd jzpfapr,f» » =uuf0ufaoovkd taoqkd;eJ@ &efoltaygif;ukd tavmif;csif; xyfapr,f »

a&S@ukdcsDr,fav æ æ æ æ æ æ "m;rkd;&Gmr,fav»vlxky&dowf}uD;[m t&Sdefwufvmaeyg+yD? &Jabmf0if;aqG a[majymyGJvnf; +yD;a&m wD;vkdufwJh vufckyf=obmoHawG?

40

vufacgufr_wfoHawG[m awmfawmf eJ@ rpJygbl;? olwkd@ qkdoGm;wJh ‘"m;rkd;&Gm’oDcsif;uvnf;aumif;/ tm;rmefuvnf;yg? tajctaeeJ@vnf;ukdufnDawmh =um;&olwkdif; =uufoD;wjzef;jzef; xapygw,f? y&dowf[m awmfawmfeJ@ r+idrfbl;?

tcrf;t em;rª;[m y&dowf}uD; +idrftoGm;rSm “tckqufvuf+yD; &Jabmf(r) wifodef;u ‘trsdK;orD;b0 vGwfajrmufa&;’eJ@ywfouf+yD; wifjyyghr,f? &Jabmf wifodef; ºuygcifAsm;”vkd@ ajymt+yD;rSm trsdK;orD;wa,muf xGufvm+yD; y&dowfudk OD;n¸wft±kdtaoay;vkdufygw,f? 'DtcsdefrSmyJ tcrf;tem;rª;u “rdbjynfolrsm; cifAsm; æ 'D&Jabmf[m jynfolrsm;bufu &yfwnf+yD; &efolukdbmrxDpdwf"mwfeJ@ &J0HhpGm trsdK;om;rsm;eJ@ wef;wl a&S@wef;u wkdfufckdufaewJh ‘jrif;jzL&Sif rcifnGef@’qkdwm olygyJcifAsm;? trsdK;orD;acgif;aqmifwOD;vnf;jzpfygw,f”vkd@ xyf+yD;rdwfqufay; vkdufa&m y&dowf}uD;[m ‘[m’‘[,f’ eJ@ wtHhw=o toHawG[m =obmoH}uD;eJ@twlxGufvmygw,f?

usrvnf; 0rf;omtm;&eJ@ =obmay;+yD; ‘jrif;jzL&Sif rcifnGef@’ukd aoao csmcsm =unfhaerdw,f? tom;ndKndK ukd,fvHk;wkwfwkwfckdifckdifeJ@ touf(30) ywf0ef; usifavmuf &SdygtHk;r,f? rJeufaewJh qHyifukd oyfoyf&yf&yf+zD;+yD;/ aemufrSm qHxHk;˜xHk; xm;ygw,f?qHyifvnf; awmfawmfaumif;ygw,f? &ifzHk;tuôstjzLvuf&SnfeJ@ tpdrf;&ifha&mif jcnfvHkcsnf wywfEGrf;av;ukd 0wfxm;ygw,f? b,fvufrSmem&D wvHk; ywfxm;wmuvGJvkd@ bm0wfpm; jyifqifr_rS r&Sdbl;? ±kyfrvSayr,fh wnf=unf cefhnm;+yD; =unfh&wm tifrwef usufoa&&Sdygw,f?pum;ajymvnf;aumif;w,f? jywfom; w,f? ol&J@xl;jcm;csufu toHyJ? toH[m atmifjrif+yD;awmh om,m w,f?

aemifrSmrS od&wmu jrif;jzL&Sif rcifnGef@[m wyfr[mrª; Akdvfrª;wif,k&J@ ZeD;jzpf+yD; wu,fukd wkdufpGrf;&nfaumif;ol&JabmfwOD;jzpfovkd trsdK;orD; acgif; aqmifwOD;vnf; jzpfygw,f? qufqHa&;aumif;+yD; &Jabmftm;vHk;ukd cifrif wwfol jzpfygw,f?Zmwdu atvme,fuygwJh?

u|efr[m w&m;a[mwm em;axmifae&if; [kduajymoGm;wmawG[m u|efr odxm;awGeJ@ ukdufnDoGm;&if v#yfvufovkdvufceJvufceJ jzpfoGm;ygw,f? trsdK;orD;awG[m vljzpfayr,fh t&m&mrSm tESdrfcH&yHkawG ukdajymwJhtcg ararhukd rodrom tuJcyf=unfhrdygw,f? araru acgif;atmufiHk@xm;+yD; azazuawmh rsuf ESmxm; cyfwif;wif;eJ@ r}udKufwJhyHkygyJ? [kduajymwmawGukd “[kwfw,f?rSefw,f? 'Dtwkdif;jzpfaewmyJ”eJ@ axmufcHajymaewmuawmh rrygyJ? “trsdK;orD;b0 vGwfajrmufa&;”+yD;awmh “jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf ppfcsDoDcsif;”eJ@ w&m; yGJukd ±kyfodrf;ygw,f? olwkd@tm;vHk; rwfwyf&yf+yD; nDnDnmnm 0kdif;qkd=uygw,f?oDcsif;uvnf;aumif;vkdufwm? em;axmif&wm tm;&p&m}uD;?

jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf ppfcsDoDcsif;jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf ppfcsDoDcsif;jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf ppfcsDoDcsif;jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf ppfcsDoDcsif;jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf ppfcsDoDcsif;¡jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf » (csDvmyg+yD)2 wkdufyG Jwk dif;atmifyG J qifrnf » &J&if hZmenf/ =u,feDtqif;vkd

ajymifvif;ayonf(ppfZGJpHknD)2 &J&J}uD;yJ a&S@ukdwuf=urnf¢oH+ydKif æ(&J&ifh=uwJh tmZmenf » jynfolvlxkom; jzpfonf)2 vlxkeJ@t+rJnD a&S@wef;uae=urnf » &efolrSef&if tjyKwfESHygrnf

» ('kuQvnf; wkd@u» bmrxD » us&ifvnf; » usvkd@aoygap)2 wkd@&mZ0ifopfwnf » jynfol@ppfyGJ Ekdifatmifwkdufavrnf(vufpm;acsyGJukdav » » wkduf=uawmhrnf » wkwf"m;awG pGJumav » vkdufygawmhtwnf)2 jynfolawGonf » rcHEkdifay+yD

»'Drkdua&pDD »atmifvH awmf»v$ifhcJh+yD » &efolawGqD » wkd@wyfrawmfcsD&J&ifh=uwJhtmZmenf æ æ æ æ æ æ æ jynfol@ppfyGJ Ekdifatmifwkdufavrnf

pufvnf;aysmfygEkdifpufvnf;aysmfygEkdifpufvnf;aysmfygEkdifpufvnf;aysmfygEkdifpufvnf;aysmfygEkdifw&m;yGJ+yD;n[m u|efracgif;xJ twdwfut&dyfawG wck+yD;wck ±kyf&Sif jyaeovkdyJ ‘[kdtpfr}uD;ajymwmawG[m aoG;xGufatmif

rSefw,f’‘avmu}uD; rSm rdef;rjzpf&wm wd&p>mefeJ@ twlwlyJ’vkd@ xifrdygw,f? [kdvGefcJhwJh (2)&ufavmufu yJ ar&Dwkd@tdrfu ‘usm;Akd’urD;zkdem;vmtdyfaewm 'DacG;uarmif;vkdufvJ c%yJ? +yD;&if 'Dae&mrSmyJ vmtdyfwmyJ? 'ga=umifh csuf&if;jyKwf&if;eJ@ ol@ukdausmfvkduf/ cGvkdufeJ@vkyf ae&w,f? 'gukdararu jrifawmh “[Jh æ [Jh acG;ukdrausmfeJ@ i&J}uD;wwf w,f”wJh vSrf;atmfvkdufw,f? u|efr[m ararhukdawmhjyefrajym&Jbl;? rrukdawmh &ifzGifhrdw,f? “=unfhygtHk;rr&,f æ =unfwkd@ rdef;rawGu acG;avmufawmif rjrwfbl;wJh? =unfwkd@ rdef;rqkdwmvlawGyJ? &[ef;tpfrvnf; jzpfEkdifw,f? bkef;}uD; r,fawmfvnf; jzpfEkdifw,f? +yD;awmh tvª'ge rsdK;pHkvnf; vª'gef;Ekdifw,f? 'gwif ruao;bl;?OykofoDwif;vnf; apmifhEkdifao;w,f r_wfzl;vm;”vkd@ rrukdajymawmh rru-

“tvum;yg[m a&S;vl}uD;awGu w,loefawG? awmfawmfcufygw,f? tJ'DacG; aemufukd 'Dae&m vmrtdyf&Jatmif 'Dwcg eifememom ±kdufv$wfvkduf? odvm;”wJh? 'DvkdeJ@yJ 'DudpP +yD;cJh&w,f? pdwfxJuawmh rcHcsd rcHom?

“bl;aumif;awmh pifcH? vifaumif;awmh pH&? vifukdbk&m;/ om;ukdocif/ ±kdaor_jyK&tpOf”wJh? a=omf-rdef;rb0/ rdef;rb0?wcsKd@ a,musfm;awG[m ukd,fhom; r,m;tay: u|efvkdoabmxm;+yD; &ufpuf=uw,f? ,kwfrm=uw,f? tEkdifusifh =uw,f? tJ'DvkdpOf;pm;&if;eJ@ ‘ruH,Hk’wkd@ om;trd&J@ oem;pzG,f rsufESmi,fav; ESpfckukd jyefjrifa,mifvmw,f?

[kdvGefcJhwJh 4 ESpfausmfavmufu *syefawmfvSefa&;t+yD; ppft+yD;rSm +rdK@ay:u vlawG[m wjznf;jznf;eJ@ +rdK@ay: jyefvmtajccs=uw,f? u|efrwkd@vnf; +rdK@ta&S@pu puf0if;}uD;wckxJu wJwef;vsm; t&Snf}uD;rSm rdwfaqG 4 OD; pk+yD; iSm; ae =uw,f? tJ'DrSmu|efrwkd@upm;azmf 3 a,muf&Sdw,f? wa,mufu w±kwf ujym;rav;? rsufESmoG,foG,fav;eJ@ odyfvSw,f? olemrnfu ‘tm;ar’wJh?aemufw a,mufu ‘ruH,Hk’wJh? tom;ndKndK/ 0wkwfwkwf tnmolav;? olu u|efrwkd@ 3 a,mufxJrSm t}uD;qHk;? qH&pfqHaxmu

41

f(*syefqHaxmuf)av;eJ@? 13 ESpfausmf avmufaygh? wae@ noef;aumif tcsdef avmufrSm“ighukd bmrSwfovJ? igarG;vkd@ }uD;vmwm? aemufukd igajym&if em;axmifrvm;acG;rav;? aooGm;r,f-[if;”“tr,fav;-a=umufyg+yDawmh? tara& u,fygtHk;”“ukdr_H-awmf bmvkyfwmwkef;? 'Dvkd rawmfrw&m; rvkyfygeJ@”“uJ-vkyfawmh bmjzpfao;vJ[m? eifu bmaumifrvJ? uJ-[m? uJ-[m”0kef;0kef;'kdif;'dkif;eJ@ qJoH/ ±kdufoH/ ikdoHrsm;[m n&J@wdwfqdwfr_ukd +zdKcGif;vkduf ygw,f?“tr,fav; æ t&yfuwkd@a&? vm=uygtHk;? u,f=uygtHk;? usKyfwkd@ om; trdukd rw&m; æ”aemufxyf AvHk;AaxG; ryDro toHawGyJ =um;&ygw,f?“uJ[m æ uJ[m aoemr? b,fviftm;ukd;eJ@ atmfaewmvJ? a=omf-OD;[m? atmf-OD;[m”“tr,fav;-taz&J@ a=umufyg+yDawmh? tarhukdawmh rvkyfygeJ@? vnfyif; ukd n‡pfaewm taraoygawmhr,f”“a[h-b,faumifvmrvJ? owWd&SdvmcJhprf;? ir_Hta=umif; odoGm;r,f? b,fol@rS ra=umufbl;uG”vkd@ atmf[pf }udrf;armif;+yD;

w0kef;0kef;w'kdif;'kdif;eJ@ quf±kduf aeygw,f?wem&Davmuf=um+yD;rS +idrfoGm;ygw,f? usr[m arar}uD;ukd-“tarh oem;ygw,ftar&,f? oGm;ulajym+yD; jzefay;vkdufyg”“tkd æ bma=umifh jzpfrSef;vnf; rodbJeJ@? t&rf;0ifajymvkd@ r&bl;? 'grsdK; qkdwm ukd,fhyg quf&rf;wwfw,f”aemufwae@ xrif;pm;+yD; upm;csdefa&mufvnf; ruH,Hkukd rawG@&bl;? 'geJ@ usreJ@ tm;arvnf; OD;r_H}uD; aps;oGm;csdef ckd;+yD; ruH,HkqD

oGm;awG@ygw,f? ruH,Hk[m ol@tcef; av;xJrSm tdyfaeygw,f? usrwkd@ tdrfxJ0ifoGm;awmh ol@taru“[Jh-b,folawGvJ” vSrf;ar;vkd@ “usrwkd@yg a':a':”vkd@ ajymvkdufawmh-“[Jh-[Jh rvm=ueJ@? oGm;=uoGm;=u? ol@taz jyefvmvkd@awG@oGm;&if xyf t±kdufcH ae&OD;r,f”vkd@ ajymaeygw,f?usru “ruH,Hk nu ruH,Hk taz}uD;±kdufwm ajympum; em;raxmifvkd@ [kwfvm;? em;axmifvkdufaygh? ruH,Hkuvnf;

ukd,fhrdbu ajymwmyJ”“eif rodygbl;[m æ olu ighukd twif;vmtdyfwm[-tJ'g iguoabm rwlvkd@ ±kdufwm 攓[,f æ olu tazr[kwfbl;vm;”“r[kwfbl;? ightaz[m igi,fi,fav;uwnf;u aooGm;+yD? 'DrSm=unfh ±kdufxm;wm? wukd,fvHk; tndKtrnf;awGcsnf;yJ?

eifwkd@ tjrefjyefyg[m? tazu b,foleJ@rS rac:&bl;? pum;rajym&bl;wJh? ajym&if owfypfr,fwJh? iga=umufw,f? eifwkd@ ighukdoem;&iftjrefjyef=uyg”?

ajymajymqkdqkd u|efrwkd@(2)a,mufukd twif; wGif;v$wf+yD; ikdaeygw,f? u|efrwkd@[m ol@ukdvnf;oem;? OD;r_ef}uD;ukdvnf;a=umufwmrkd@ tjrefjyef ajy; vmcJh ygw,f?

tdrfa&mufawmh arar}uD;ukd tukefjyefajymjy vkdufw,f? arar}uD;[m pkwfwoyfoyfeJ@?“a=omf æ oem;p&m? olwkd@b0ES,f qkd;vkdufwmaemfæ'grsdK;[m vlr[kwf bl;? wd&p>mefyJ? ighajr;av; tJ'Dvl}uD;&SdwJhae&m

roGm;eJ@aemf? 'Dta=umif; ab;ukd vnf; rajym&bl;? =um;vm;? ukd,fhukd tr_ywfwwfw,f”“arar 'gavmufawmif qkd;wm ±Hk;ukdoGm;wkdifaygh? 'Dvl}uD;ukdvnf; raygif; eJ@? uGmypf”“tkd æ ighajr; em;rvnfygbl;? rdef;ru raygif;csifvkd@ uGmcsifvkd@ r&bl;? a,mufsm;u uGmcsifrS &wm? Oya't&ukdu 'DvkdyJ&Sdwm?

ighajr;av; i,fygao;w,f? em;rvnfygbl;? tJ'Dvdk uGJcsifwkdif; uGJvkd@&&if rjr=unfeJ@ atmif&ifwkd@ uGJwm=um+yD? a,mufsm;u ruGJay;vkd@ae@wkdif; t±kduftESufcH/ ESdyfpufcH rsuf&nfokwf+yD; aygif;ae& wm rawG@bl;vm;”

bk&m;a&-[kwfyg&J@? u|efrwkd@eJ@ av;tdrfausmfavmufrSm ukdatmif&if rjr=unf qdkwJh vifr,m;&Sdygw,f? rjr=unfu ukefpdrf;a&mif;/ukdatmif&ifu tdrfrSm bmrSrvkyf? r,f'vifav; wa'gifa'gifeJ@? vlysdKusaewmyJ? aeawmh ausmhausmhav;? ±kyfuav;uvnf; oem;urm;eJ@?awmfawmfqkd;wJhvl? naewkdif; rl;w,f? rdef;ru naeaps;odrf;+yD; armarm yef;yef;eJ@ jyefvm? cav;ESpfa,mufeJ@ vifukd csufjyKwf au|;arG;?t&ufrl;vmawmh rdef;rukd tjypf&Sm&efjzpf qJ=u±kduf=u? aemufqHk; ±kdufvkd@ qJvkd@tm;r&ao;&if tkd;awGcGufawG yef;uefawG xkcGJv$ifhjypf?'g[m ae@pOf vkyfae usyJ? rdef;ru “u,f=uyg? ,l=uyg” vkd@ wpmpm atmf[pf tultnDawmif;vnf; awmif;wmyJ tzwfwifw,f?b,folurS oGm;ulwmvnf; r&Sdbl;? “vifeJ@ r,m; v#meJ@oGm;”wJh? wcgwavrsm; ±kdufxm;wm 3-4 &uf/ aps;awmif rxGufEkdifbl;?“raygif;bl;uGmr,f”ajymvnf; r&bl;? a=omf æ qkd;vkdufwJh rdef;rb0?

a,mufsm;u oem;r/S aumif;rS? wcsdK@a,mufsm;rsm; qkd;vkdufwm tjypfr&Sd &if [if;tkd;xJ qm;cyf+yD;rS ±kdufw,fwJh? rdef;ruvlqkdayr,fh tdrfaxmifusoGm; uwnf;u u|efb0 a&mufoGm;wmyJaemf? t&m&m a,mufsm;u OD;pD;+yD; a,mufsm; tqHk;tjzwfukdemcH&w,f? “vifqkd;r,m; wzm;zm;”“om;qkd;rat wayay”wJh?

wqufwnf; azazeJ@ararwkd@ta=umif; pOf;pm;rdw,f? t+rJwrf;qJaewm ±kdufaewmawG r&Sdayr,fh udpPwck&S d&ifazazoabmrwl&if bmrSvkyfydkifcGifhr&Sdbl;? vkyfvnf; rvkyf&Jbl;? odyfa=umufwmyJ? 'ga=umifh arar}uD;u c%c%ajymw,f?

“'Daumifru tvum;? t,tr? vifukdodyfa=umufwm? vifu‘ig; ajcmuf’qkd&if olu ‘zkwf+yD;uif+yD; qDqrf;+yD;ygbk&m;’qkdwJhtrsdK;tpm;? ighorD; ti,f r/ rtkH;cifurS vifu ta&mif;t0,fvkyfwm vkyfwmyJ? olu tdrfu aiGwkd; ay;+yD; a&$aygifcHw,f?aqGrsdK;awG rdwfaqGawG oma&;ema&; tcuftcJ&Sd&if olua&S@qHk;u ulnDwwfw,f? a,mufsm;qD b,fawmhrS vufjzef@cH rawmif;bl;?

42

b,fudpPrqkd ol@a,mufsm;wa,mufwnf; qHk;jzwfvkd@r&bl;? olaum oabmwlrS &w,f? t&m&m wef;wlyJ? tar}uD; tdrfaxmifvnf;'DvkdyJ? wkd@trsdK;xJrSm “‘pHk; jyL;’ygae wm rtHk;&if wa,mufyJ”

ar$;wkef;awmhjzifh yefcsifjyefw,far$;wkef;awmhjzifh yefcsifjyefw,far$;wkef;awmhjzifh yefcsifjyefw,far$;wkef;awmhjzifh yefcsifjyefw,far$;wkef;awmhjzifh yefcsifjyefw,fu|efr[m b,fvkdrS tdyfr&awmhbl;? rdef;rawGta=umif; pOf;pm;&if;u rukefEk dif rcrf;Ek dif twdwfu t&dyfawG[m

±kyf&Sif=unfhae&ovkd ay:ay:vmw,f? ae@wae@rSm rreJ@ nDtpfr ESpfa,muf upm;aewkef; jrif;vSnf;wpD; tdrfa&S@rSm vm &yfw,f? vSrf;=unfhvkdufawmh jrif;vSnf;ay:rSm OD;av;}uD;wa,muf? ta':}uD;u 4 a,muf? wa,mufu vrf;aumif;,aumif; roGm;Ek difvkd @usefwJh hta':}uD;awGu wGJ+yD;acsmhac:vmw,f? tdrfxJ a&mufvkd@ =unfhvkdufawmh wGJac:cH&wJh ta':[m wjcm;vlr[kwfygbl;?u|efrwkd@a':av; rtHk;=uif(arar&J@ nDrw0rf;uGJ)? ol[m ukdzkd;vSqkdoleJ@ tdddrfaxmifus+yD; v,fykdif,mykdifeJ@ wifhwifhw,fw,f aexkdifEkdifwJhv,form;wOD;yg? a':av;[m t0wftpm;awGuvnf; z±kdz&J? vluvnf; ydef ajcmuf aya&aewmyJ? acgif;uvnf; ajcmufyG+yD;qHyifukdvnf; rxHk;/ zkd@±kd@zm;&m;eJ@? wGJac:vmwJh ta':}uD;awGu-

“[Jh-rtHk;=uif xkdifav? eifhrrqD a&muf+yD”vdk@ajym+yD; qGJxkdifcsvnf; rxkdif? ol@rsufvHk;u usD;uef;awmif;arSmuf =unfhaew,f?araru rsufESmi,fav;eJ@-

“rtHk;=uif xkdifavnDrav; æ xkdifygOD; æ bk&m; æ bk&m; b,fvkdjzpfvm wmvJ nDrav;&,f” a':av;[m araru bmajymajymr=um;ovkd? ol@ukd rajym ovkdyJ? twlvmwJh ta':}uD;wa,mufu ararhukd vufukwf+yD; c%vmqdk+yD; tdrfa&S@ukd ac:xkwfoGm;&if;wkd;wdk;av;ajymjyw,f?

“jzpfyHku 'Dvkd? ol@a,mufsm;ukdzkd;vS}uD;[m tvkyfudpPwckeJ@‘atvm’ (a&wm&Snf-atvm/ ysOf;rem;awmifbuf) bufukdxGufoGm;vkdufwm (5)v avmuf&Sd+yD; oloGm; awmh a':av;u ukd,f0ef}uD; t&ifhtrmeJh tdrfrSmusef&pfcJhwm? rD;zGm;awmh “jyefvmcJhzkd@”vl}uHKeJ@ vSrf;rSmwm? jyefrvmbl;wJh? [kdrSm aemuffrdef;r &aew,fwJh? uav;u om;ODd;qkdawmh tawG@t}uHKvnf;r&Sdvkd@ awmfawmf 'kuQa&mufw,f? tJ'g tddddrfeD;em;csif;awGeJ@ ukdzkd;vS}uD;&J@ trsdK;awGuyJ oem;vkd@ 0kdif;0ef; apmifha&Smufxm;w,f? rD;wGif;xJrSm tpm;ttdyfuvnf;rrSef? ukdzkd;vSukdyJ wwrf; wrf; w,wweJ@ ae&if;u pdwfrrSefyJ tck vkdjzpfoGm;wmyJ? vomwJh &ufawGrSm qkd ydkqkd;w,f? enf;enf;av;rSvpfvkd@r&bl;? vrf;zufukd xGufxGufajy;+yD; awG@wJh a,mufsm;ukd vkdufqGJwmwJh? uav;u paeorD;av;? ±kyfu zateJ@ wyHkpHwnf;00wkwfwkwf rsufvHk;jyL;}uD;eJ@wJh? a':av;&J@ a,mif;rESpf0rf;uGJ awmfoluvnf; rD;zGm;+yD; om;av;u aooGm;vkd@ a':av;&J@orD;av;ukdyJEkd@wkduf+yD; arG;xm;&w,f wJh? a':av;u uav;vnf; jyefr=unfhbl;? xrif;[if;vnf; owdr&bl;? 2-3 &uf avmufaerS wcgavmuftwif;acsmharmhau|;&wm? tck vmwm awm&ausmif; (+rdK@ajrmufbufrSm&Sd)u ausmif;xkdifbkef;}uD;u pdwWZa&m*gonf awGukd ukwmawmf awmfaumif;w,fqkdvkd@ tckoGm;ykd@ukrvkd@wJh? tckygvmwJh OD;}uD;u OD;}uD;vSeJ@ tpfukd w0rf;uGJwJh? tckolu wm0ef,l pDdrH+yD;vmwm?ararhukd tdrfa&S@ac:oGm;+yD; tjzpfpHkukd ajymjywJh ta':}uD;u tckvmwJh OD;}uD;&J@ZeD;wJh? arar[mav ta=umif;pHkod&awmh ikdvkdufwm?

“rtHk;=uif nDrav;? rrav rrukd=unfhygtHk;nDrav;&,f? rtHk;=uif nDrav;a& 'DDrSm=unfhygtHk; rrav”a':av;&J@ ycHk;av;ukdukdif tomt,mv_yf+yD; wwGwfwGwf ajymaeayr,fh a':av;u bmrSr=um;ovkd oleJ@rqkdifovkd

olrsufvHk;[m ararukdawmh r=unfh? ta0;ukdyJ wv_yfv_yf vkduf=unfhaew,f? yg;pyfuvnf; bmrSrajymbl;? rv_yfbl;? v_yfwmuolrsufvHk;yJ? a':av;=unfh&wm a=umufp&m }uD; em&D0ufavmuf=umrS ikdaewJh u|efrwkd@ 3 a,mufukd wcgrS rjrifbl;ovkd pdrf;pdrf;}uD;pkduf=unfhaewm t=um}uD;? u|efrjzifh a=umufvkdufwm =uufoD;awmif xrd w,f? araruawmh “ n D r a v ; a &rtHk;=uif rrukd rrSwfrdawmhbl;vm; nDrav; &,f”

vkd@ wwGwf wGwfajymaewm t=um}uD;aerS “rr”wJh?wcGef;wnf; ac:vmw,f? ararjzifhav 0rf;omvGef;vkd@ ab;u ta':}uD;awGa&m tukefvHk;uvnf; 0rf;omvGef;vkd@“[Jh-tHk;=ui/f tHk;=uif 'geifhrrav”vkd@ 0kdfif;ajym=uw,f? araruav csufcsif; yJ“rtHk;=uifa& æ rreJ@xrif;pm;&atmifaemf nDr”vkd@ ajymajymqkdqkd xrif;eJ@[if;ukd ,lvm+yD; a':av;ukd acsmhau|;wm yxr

rpm;bl;? 0kdif;+yD;twif; acsmharmh au|;awmhrS pm;w,f? xrif;wyef;uefvnf; ukefa&m yg;pyfukd twif; aphxm; wmeJ@ vufav#mh vdkuf&w,f?t0wfvJay;zkd@ jyifawmhvnf; ol@ukd tukdif rcHvkd@ rvJ&awmhbJ 0wfxm; wJht0wfukdyJ oyfoyf&yf&yfav;jzpfatmif 0wfay; &w,f?vkdufvmwJhOD;}uD;u “a&S@ c&D; qufawmhr,f”vkd@ajymawmh

“araru azaz ±Hk;ujyefvmwJhtxdapmihfyg? ola&m wcgwnf; vkdufcJh r,f”vkd@ b,fvkdajymayr,fh OD;}uD;wkd@u rapmifhEkdif?'Dae@ae@csif;tdrf ta&muf jyef&rSm? ra&muf&if rjzpfbl;? jrif;vSnf;q&mu “ol@tvkyfawGu wyHk }uD;&,f? ysufvkd@rjzpfbl;”wJh?

a':av;ukd jrif;vSnf;ay:acsmhwif? ararvnf; ikd+yD; usefaecJha&m? naeazaz ±Hk;uvnf;jyefvma&m arar[m bmrSrjzpfovkd[efrysufae aew,f? nusrS ta=umif;pHk azazhukd ajymjyaewm =um;&w,f? azaz[m a':av;ukd oGm;jyKpkzkd@qkdwm a0avma0;aq;zkd;0g;cav; ulnDcsifw,fqkdwmvnf; rajymeJ@ ae@csif;jyefc%avmuf oGm;=unfhzkd@ qkdwmawmif oabmrwlbl;?

“rif;vkduf oGm;awmh tdrfu uav;ESpfa,mufeJ@ tdrfukd b,folu =unfhay;rSmvJ? igu ightvkyf ukd tysufrcHEkdifbl;”wJh? uJ-jywfa&m?

aemufwae@ azazvnf; ±Hk;oGm;a&m rru ararhukd “ararh a':av;qD oGm;zkd@ azazu oabmwlovm;”vkd@ ar;=unfhawmhrSararu rcsdwifuJjzpf+yD; æ

“rwlbl;? bmwckrS oabmrwlbl;? ighb0ukdu qkd;ygw,f? rtHk;=uif[m rdbvnf; r&Sdawmhbl;? vifuvnf; ypfxm;qkdawmh

43

'kuQa&mufae+yD? 'Dvkdtcsdef rsdK;rSmawmif igu tpfrvkyfae+yD; bmwckrS rulnDEkdifbl;? ulzkd@rqkdxm;eJ@ c%av; oGm;=unhfwmawmif r&bl;?ighuHodyfqkd;w,f? tareJ@ rtHk;cif aor,fhtpm; igt&ifaooGm;&if aumif;w,f”

arar[m ajym&if;qkd&if; 0rf;enf;yufvuf jzpfvm+yD; ikdaeawmh u|efrwkd@ nDtpfrvnf; 0kdif;+yD;ikd=ujyefa&m? 'gawG tm;vHk;±kyf&Sifjyaeovkd tpDt&D jyefay: vmw,f?

'DtedÏm±HkawGtm;vHk;u uif;a0;zkd@ b,fvkdvkyf&yghrvJ?[kd æ tpfr}uD;u ajymw,f? rdef;rqkdwm vif&rS tESdrfcH&wm r[kwfbl;? vl@b0xJ ‘tl0J’qkd+yD;a&mufvmuwnf;u tdrfu

a,mufsm;ua&m aqGrsdK;awGuyg “bmav;vJa[h”vkd@ vSrf;ar;vkduf&if “rdef;uav;a[h-rdef;r/ rdef;r”vkd@ ajym&if =um;&oltm;vHk;ubmrSrxl;jcm;? em;&Sdvkd@om =um;vkduf&wmyJ?

“a,mufsm;av;a[h-a,mufsm;av;”vkd@ ajymoH =um;vkduf&if taz vkyfwJhvluvnf; “iguG-rkd;ukd 'l;eJhwkdufcsifw,f?ighom;av;awmh aumif;aumif; &SifjyK&awmhr,f”qkd+yD; 0rf;omtm;&eJh a&xrf;ay;ae&wmawmif rarm±Hkru ajr}uD;eJ@ajcaxmufxdw,fvkd@awmif rxif&zl;wJh?

(&Srf;jynftv,fykdif;rSmqdk&if ajymprSwfjyK=uwm wck&SdowJh? oli,fcsif;jcif; ZeD;jzpfol rD;zGm;umeD;&if tavmif;tpm;vkyf=uowJh?om;av;arG;&ifarG;/ rdef;r omarG;&if arG;vm;wJhuav;ukd aygif;avmif;jrpfeHab;rSm oGm;+yD; “ig;pm axmif ypfr,f”wJh? tJ'Dvkdajymwwf=uowJh?)

aqGrsdK;awGuvnf; 'DvkdyJ ‘om;’qkdrS 0rf;omwm? rdef;rqkd&if arG;rdcif ukd,fwkdif raysmfEk difbl;? rdom;pkxJrSma&maqGrsdK;tokdif;t0kdif;rSma&m rsufESmi,f &Sm w,f? wcsKd@rsm;qkd&if yxr ZeD;u rdef;rav;awGcsnfyJarG;+yD; ‘om;’rarG;vkd@ 'DZeD; udk ypf+yD;'kwd,ZeD;&Sm ,lw,f? tJ'DZeD;usrS ‘om;av;’arG;vkd@ &moufyefaygif; owJh? “'ga=umifh vl@b0xJ pa&mufvmuwnf;u rdef;rqkdwm‘tESdrfcHb0’ukdp+yD; ykdifqkdif cJh=u&w,f”wJh?

“rdef;rqkdwm vljzpfayr,fh vleJ@rwlbl;? ukefypPnf;eJ@ wlw,f? ukefypPnf; vkd oabmxm;w,f? a,mufsm;jzpfoluaiGb,favmuftukefcH awmif;w,fqkdwm rdba&m aqGrsdK;awGa&m tm;vHk;u *k%f&Sdw,fvkd@ xif=uw,f? wu,fu a&mif;vkduf wmyJ”wJh?tif; æ 'gvnf; aocsmpOf;pm;=unfh&if [kwfovkdvkkdbJ? =unfhygvm;? acs;xm;wJh ‘taºu;’ukd jyefrqyfEkdfif&if orD;udk ay;&wmyJ?atmufArmjynfrS cspfwD; aºu; rqyfEkdif&if v,fvnf;odrf;/ orD;ysKdvnf; odrf;owJh?

tcgawmfay;wmu ewfa&; æ i,fæ a&$pmtcgawmfay;wmu ewfa&; æ i,fæ a&$pmtcgawmfay;wmu ewfa&; æ i,fæ a&$pmtcgawmfay;wmu ewfa&; æ i,fæ a&$pmtcgawmfay;wmu ewfa&; æ i,fæ a&$pm'kwd,urBmppf}uD; Armjynfukd a&mufvmumeD; umvrSmaygh? rSwfrdao; w,f? wae@rSm azaz ±Hk;ujyefvm+yD; ararhukd

ajymjyaew,f? usrwkd@tdrfeJ@ rsuf apmif;xkd;tdrfu (um;vrf;wckyJ jcm;w,f)“txnfa&mif;wJh yxefukvm;}uD; aºu;awG jyefrqyfEkdifvkd@”wJh?“a'0gvDcHvkduf&w,f”wJh? “a'0gvDcHw,f”qkdwm bmvJvdk@ azazhukd ar;=unfhawmh “aºu;awG jyefrqyfEkdifwJhvl[m odyfqif;&J odyfrGJwJhvl?pmrwwf/ ayrwwfeJ@ t±l;vkdvlaygh? tJ'grsdK;ukd ±Hk;rSmw&m;pGJ&ifvnf; aºu;ray;vnf; &w,f-wJh? tJ'Dukvm;}uD;u rdef;r r&Sdawmhbl;?uav; 3 a,mufeJ@ txnfyJ a&mif;pm;wm? vkyf&if;vkyf&if;eJ@ aºu;awG jyefrqyfEkdifawmhbl;-wJh? tJ'gaºu;&Sifu tJ'Dukvm;}uD;&J@orD;t}uD;qHk;rav;ukd “aºu;odrf;r,f”wJh? t&yfxJrSm tJ'D owif;[m txl;tqef;yJ? vlawGpkrd&if 'Dta=umif;yJ ajymaew,f? aºu;&SifuolaX;}uD;OD;rif;qifwJh? ysOf;rem;rSm olaX;}uD; 4 a,muf&Sdw,f? Arm rlqvifu 3 a,muf? ArmolaX;u OD;vrf;wJh? OD;rif;'if/ OD;rif;qifqdkwmnDtpfukdt&if;? OD;rif;qifqkdwmu ti,f? touf 40 ausmfavmuf &Sd+yD? r,m;}uD; ukvm;r}uD; &Sdw,f? om;orD;awGu }uD;ae+yD?&efukefwuUokdvfrSm ausmif;aew,f? tckukvm;rav;ukd aºu;odrf;+yD; r,m;i,fvkyfxm;rSm?

yxefukvm;}uD;rSm orD;t}uD;qHk;u 16 ESpf? tvwforD;av;u 14 ESpf? ti,fqHkk;om;av;u 12 ESpfwJh? tckaºu;odrf;cH&r,fhorD;av;u tvSqHk;wJh? aumif;aumif; rjrifbl;ygbl;? olwkd@u tdrfwGif; ykef;yJ? wcgwcg jywif;aygufrSm &dyfc eJ avmufom jrifzl;ygw,f?acgif;+rD;+cHKxm;vkd@ rsufESmukd aumif;aumif; rjrifzl;ygbl;?

tJ'D olaX;}uD;OD;rif;qif qkdwmuawmh touf 40 ausmfavmuf? rJrJykyk 00wkyfwky}fuD; rsufESmuvnf; ausmufaygufrmawGeJ@awmfawmft±kyfqkd;w,fwJh? wcsdK@uajymw,f? “ukd,fhorD; avmufyJ&S dw,f? ukd,fhrSmvnf; r,m;}uD;&S d&ufom;eJ@ oufoufaiG*k%farmufwm”wJh? “ighorD;av;qkd ray;bl;”wJh? wcsdK@uvnf; oem;vkd@ pkwfwoyfoyfeJ@ pHkaeatmif ajymae=uw,f? orD;av;ukdodrf;,l+yD; aºu;awGav#mfypfr,f? +yD;awmhvufxyfwJh ae@rSm “a&$wyd\m -r[mwif” awmif; r,fwJh? olaX;}uD;&J@ wkduftdrfrSm t}uD;tus,f vufxyfyGJusif; yrSm-wJh?

'DvkdeJ@ vufxyfwJhae@a&muf vmyga&m? ae@vnfusawmh ukd,fykdifum; vSvS}uD; 3 pD; vlawGtjynfheJ@ a&mufvmw,f? um;ay:uvlawGuvnf; vSvSyy 0wfpm;xm;wJ h a,mufsm;awG/ rde f;rawGtrsm;}uD;yJ? tJ'DtxJrSm rde f;r}uD; 2 a,mufuvufqGJtdwf}uD;}uD;awGukdifvkd@? um;ay:uqif; wef;+yD;ukvm;rav; aewJh tdrfay:xyfukd wufoGm;w,f? u|efrwkd@uav;wodkuf[mvnf;wkd;a0S@+yD; tdrfay:xd vkdufwufoGm;=uw,f? tdrfxJrSm rrav; (ukvm;rav;)wkd@ armifESpfrav; oHk; a,muf xkdifaewm awG@vkduf&w,f?tJ'Drrav;(ukvm;rav;)[m ikdaew,feJ@ wl w,f? um;ay:uqif;vmwJh ta':}uD; 2 a,mufu bmawGajymovJ rodbl;? (ukvm;pum;eJ@) t=um}uD;ajym+yD;rS rrav;(ukvm;rav;)[m acgif;+rD;+cHKxm;wm vSyfvkdufygw,f?

[,f æ vSvkdufwm? rrav;ikdxm;wm rsufESmav;ukd &JaewmyJ? tom; uvnf; jzLvkdufwm? ta&mifu pdrf;EkEkav;? tJ'Dta':}uD; ESpfa,muf[m qDref;, ref;ovkd wwGwfwGwf ajymaew,f? =unfh&wm ‘acsmh’aew,feJh wlw,f? rrav;[m +idrf+idrfav;eJ@cyfikdifikdif xkdifaew,f? ta':}uD;awG[m olwkd@ygvmwJh ypPnf;awG xkwf+yD; rrav;ukd zD;vdrf;jyif qifay;aew,f? rrav;[m bmrSrajymbl;?eD&J yg;v$mwJh E_wfcrf;av;ukd wif;wif;av; ydwf+yD; vkyfay;or#ukd cHaew,f? yg;jyifrSm awmh rsuf&nfaygufawG wvdrfhvdrfh pD;usaew,f?

44

rrav;&J@ rsufvHk;}uD;awG[m rJarSmif+yD; ta&mifwzsyfzsyf awmufaew,f? rsufawmifeufuvnf; t&Snf}uD;awG? aumhysHaewmyJ?rsufcHk;uvnf; wef;ae+yD; tzsm;urS auG;!GwfusoGm;w,f? ESmwH uvnf; wifxm;ovkdyJ? ESmacgif;c|ef;uav;eJ@? udk,fvHk;ukd,faygufuvnf; cg;ao; wifum;av; vSvkdufwm? b,fvkdvSrSef;rodbl;? vnfwkdif vSvS av;rSm ‘b,ufawG vnfwHkawG’ qGJay;xm;+yD;rsufESmrSmvnf; yef;Eka&mifav; vdrf;ay;xm;wm xd&ufp&mawmif r&Sdbl;? t0wfawGuvnf; ykd;xnfawGcsnf;yJ/ vJay;xm;wm?rsufESmrSmawmh ykd;y0gjzLyg;yg; vSvSav;ukd zHk;tkyfay;xm;w,f?

atmufxyfuvlawGuvnf; w0g;0g; w[m;[m; pm;vkdufaomuf vkduff=uwm qlvkd@(vufzuf&nfeJ@udwfrkef@)/ +yD;awmho=um;vHk;/ acsmhuvuf taumif; pm;awG trsm;}uD; vmykd@ay;w,f? ta':}uD;awGu rrav;ukd au|;w,f? rrav;u rpm;bl;? ti,farmifESpfrav; ESpfa,mufuvnf; rpm;bl;? olwkd@tpfr ukdyJ =unfh aew,f?u|efrwkd@ uav;okdufawGeJ@ ta':}uD;ESpfa,mufyJ pm;=uw,f?awmfawmf =umawmh vl}uD;wa,muf wufvm+yD; vmajymw,f? tJ'DrSm ta':}uD; u uav; ESpfa,mufukd vSrf;ajymawmh armifESpfrav;ESpfa,mufu acgif;awGyJ &rf;jyaew,f? c%aeawmh ta':}uD; ESpfa,mufu rrav;ukd qGJxlvkdufawmh rrav;u tvkduf oifhav;ygoGm;w,f? oGm;zkd@jyifwmeJ@ wlygw,f? rrav;[m jznf; jznf;av; wvSrf;csif; oGm;ae&mu ol@armifav;u vSrf;ac:vkdufawmh wkef@ueJ&yfoGm;+yD; avSum;xdyfrS &yfum armifav;eJ@ nDrav;ukd &yf=unfhaewm t=um}uD;? ta':}uD; ESpfa,mufu ajymawmhrS acgif;uav;ukdatmufpkdufcs+yD; wvSrf;csif; ygoGm;w,f? tJ'Dvkd vSrf;oGm;&if;u 0rf;enf;yef;enf; ±_duf±_duf+yD; ikdaeygw,f? u,fr,fh olvnf; r&Sd?ol@taz}uD;uvnf; rkd;vif;uwnf;u b,fukdoGm;w,f rodbl;? ta':}uD; ESpfa,mufu twif;csKyf+yD; ac:oGm;w,f? usrwkd@ uav;okdufawGvnf; vkdufqif; oGm;=uw,f? armifESpfrav; ESpfa,mufvnf; qif;vkdufvm w,f?

atmufxyfa&mufawmh rrav;ukd um;}uD;&Sd&m wef;ac:oGm;+yD; a&S@qHk;u tvSqHk;um;}uD;&J@ aemufykdif;ukd qGJac:oGm;w,f?vlawGtm;vHk; um;ay:wuf+yD;awmh um; 3 pif;vnf; pxGufa&m usefcJhwJh armifESpfrav; ESpfa,muf[m toH ukefatmf [pf+yD;ajymvnf;ajym ikdvnf;ikdvkduf=uwm um;ay:u rrav;wa,mufawmh b,f yHkpHeJ@ ygoGm;w,fqkdwm rod&ayr,fh tdrfrSm usefcJhwJhuav;ESpfa,mufuawmh yÉmajrvl; yHkpHeJ@ usefcJh=uw,f? a=omf æ rrav;/ rrav; ±kyfuav; vSoavmuf uHw&m; uawmh æ æ

tdrfjyefa&mufawmh tjzpftysuf tvHk;pHkukd ararhukd ajymjyawmh em; axmifaewJh araru rsuf&nfawG usvm+yD;“jzpfrSjzpf&av”vkd@ yg;pyfuvnf; wzGzG ajym&Smygw,f?

'Djzpf&yfukd jyefpOf;pm;rdwkdif; u|efrvnf; rsuf&nfus&w,f?'Dvkd rdef;rawGtay: oabmxm; rrSefwmawG/ vlvkdoabmrxm;wmawG/ a,mufsm;awGeJ@ wef;wl&nfwlxm; rqufqHwmawG/

vifa,mufsm;awG&J@ t±kduf tESufcH&wmawG tm;vHk;[m a,mufsm;awG qkd;vkd@r[kwfbl;wJh? a,mufsm;awGrSm tjypfr&Sdbl;wJh? tJ'Dtpfr}uD;w&m;a[mwkef;uajymw,f?

“a,mufsm;awGukd rrkef;& bl;wJh? 'Dvkdjzpf&wm pepfqkd;a=umifh jzpf&wm? 'ga=umifh 'Dpepfqkd;ukd wkduf&r,f”wJh?“vlqkdwm OpPm&ifvkd OpPm&ifcJ&r,f(Oyrm-xrif;pm;csifw,fqkd&if ukd,f wkdif xrif;csufaygh)? trsdK;orD;awG b0 vGwfajrmufcsif&if

trsdK;orD;awG ukd,f wkdif wkdufyGJ0ifrS&r,f? 'ga=umifh u|efrwkd@[m uGefjrLepfygwD&J@ acgif;aqmifr_ atmuf rSm yg0if+yD; tckvkd wkdufyGJ0ifaewmyg?bma=umifh uGefjrLepfygwD&J@ acgif;aqmifr_ukd cH,l&ovJ? uGefjrLepf ygwDqkdwm qif;&Jom;awGtusdK;/ tzdESdyfcH jynfolw&yfvHk; tusdK;twGuf&yfcH+yD; wkdufyGJ0ifaewmyg? +yD;awmh urBmay:rSm trsdK;orD;awGukd a,mufsm;awGeJ@ wef;wl&nfwl oabmxm; rSefwm uGefjrLepfygwDwckyJ&Sdw,f? 'ga=umifh u|efrwkd@[m uGefjrLepfygwD&J@ acgif;aqmifr_ukd cH,lygw,f”wJh?

a,mufsm;awG 'Davmufqkd;wmawmif olwkd@ukd rrkef;&bl;wJh? rkef;&if a,mufsm; qef@usifa&; jzpfoGm;r,f? rrSefbl;wJh? 'Dvkdjzpf&wmpepfa=umifh jzpf&wm? 'ga=umifh 'Dpepfukd awmfvSefwkdufcdkuf&r,fwJh? tpfr}uD;u ajymjy&Sif;jywmawGxJ 'Dpepfqkdwmvnf; c%c%ygw,f? 'Dpepfqkdwm vlr[kwfbl;qkdwmawmh u|efr &dyfpm;rdw,f? 'gjzpf&if pepfqkdwm bm}uD;vJ? 'gawmh u|efr rodbl;? aemifawmhwjznf;jznf; odvm&rSmaygh? u|efracgif;xJrSm ay:vmwm arar bk&m;&Sdckd;wkdif; t+rJqk awmif;w,f? “wynfhawmfr edAŠmefra&mufcifpyf=um; b0qufwkdif; a,mufsm; pifppf{uef jzpf&ygvkd. t&Sifbk&m;”qkdwm c%c% =um;zl;w,f? 'gjzpf&if igaum b,fvkdvkyfrvJ?arar bk&m;qkawmif;wmu aemifb0usrSyJ? tck'Db0twGufu b0qkd;xJrSm raorcsif; 'kuQcHae&rSmav?

'gjzifh igbmvkyf&rvJ? [kdtpfr}uD;u ajymw,f?“OpPm&ifvkd OpPm&ifcJ &r,fwJh? [kwfwmaygh? ighb0 vGwfajrmuf a&;twGuf igukd,fwkdif wkduf&/ vkyf&rSm aygh? a[m æ

ausmif;tay:xyfu xdk;pnfawGawmif wD;ae+yD? bk&m;a& æ rkd;vif; awmhr,f? igbmvkyf&rvJ? igbmvkyf&rvJ? tJ'Dvkd eifuawmfvSefwkfdufckdufr,f qkdawmh eifaorSm ra=umufzl;vm;? tkd æ bmvkd@ a=umuf&rSmvJ? 'Dvdk wkdfufwkdif; aor,fqkd&if urBmay:rSmppfwyfawG/ ppfom; awGawmif &SdrSm r[kwfbl;? tck vuf awG@yJ =unfhav? ppfwkdufwkdif; aow,fqkd&if/ [kd-tpfr}uD; rcifnGef@ukdawmifigjrif zl;vkdufrSm r[kwfbl;? tck ig uGefjrLepfwyfxJ 0if+yD; awmfvSefr,f? wkdufckduf r,fqkd wmvnf; igwa,mufwnf; tusdK;rS r[kwfbJ?qif;&Jom;awG 'kuQa&mufaewJh tzdEdSyfcH jynfolawG&J@ tusdK;/ trsdK;orD;awG&J@ tusdK;yJ? aovnf; bmjzpfvJ”

arar}uD;u ajymzl;w,f? “vlqkdwm ukd,fhwbkd@wnf; r=unfheJ@wJh? wbkd@ wnf; =unfh&if EGm;jzpfw,f”wJh? “vlqkdwmwkdif;jynftwGuf/ ukd,fhvlrsdK;twGuf ao&wm[m ‘*k%f’&Sdw,f? ‘jrifhjrwf’ w,fwJh? 'DvkdyJ igh&J@ab;}uD; ‘bkd;a&$vl’ aocJh &w,fr[kwfvm;?igvnf;aozkd@ ra=umufygbl;?

aumif;+yD? 'gjzifh&if bmvkyfrvJ? iguGefjrLepfwyfxJukd 0ifr,f? b,fvkdenf; eJ@ 0ifrvJ? azaz/ ararwkd@ oabmwlyghrvm;? æ ætkd-olwkd@ukdajymvdk@ b,fjzpfrvJ? olwkd@oabmwlrSqkd woufvHk; oabmrwlbl;? 'gjzifh b,fvkd vkyfrvJ? tkd æ tvG,f av;yg? reufjzefumigtdrfu ckd;+yD;xGufajy;oGm;r,f? enf;vrf;u 'gyJ&Sdw,f? tkd æ igvkyfrS jzpfr,f? vkyfukdvkyfr,f?

45

u|efr[m qHk;jzwfcsuf csvkdufyg+yD? 'DawmhrSyJ &ifxJuat;+yD; tomav; arS;puf vkduf&ygw,f? r=umcif rkd;vif; vmyg+yD?rkd;vif;vmawmh csufjyKwfpm;aomuf+yD;vkd@ rrvnf; tpfukd}uD; twGuf xrif;ydk@oGm;+yD? ararvnf; ol@xHk;pHtwkdif; w&m;pmtkyfeJ@

tdyf&mxJ a&mufoGm;+yD? azazvnf; pmtkyfeJ@ jzpfae+yD? u|efruvnf; ±_r0 pmtkyfxJu uAsmwyk'fukd ul;csif [efaqmif+yD;pmwapmifa&;aeygw,f?

b0opfqD rSef;ar#mf&nfb0opfqD rSef;ar#mf&nfb0opfqD rSef;ar#mf&nfb0opfqD rSef;ar#mf&nfb0opfqD rSef;ar#mf&nfaus;Zl;&SifazazeJ@arar-orD;±kdaopGm uefawmhcJhygw,f? ararwkd@ 'Dpmukd zwf&wJhtcsdefrSm orD; [m b0opfukd ul;ajymif;oGm;yg+yD? tck'DpmeJ@twl

orD;0wfwJh em;qGJ/ vufpGyfeJ@ aowWmaomhukdyg xm;cJhygw,f? orD;rSm;cJhwmawG &SdcJh&ifvnf; cGifhv$wfyg? ±kdaopGmjzifh

=unf 12-4-49

arar[m pmukd pdwf0ifpm;aeygw,f? u|efrvnf; ypPnf;awGukd acgif;tHk; pGyfxJ xnfhcJh+yD; “arar-tdrfomoGm;csifw,f” vkd@vSrf;cGifhawmif;vkdufawmh arar[m u|efrukd wcsufvSrf;=unfhvkduf+yD; “at; æ at;”vkd@ajymum pmtkyfukdyJjyefquf =unfhae ygw,f?u|efrvnf; xHk;pHtwkdif; arG;yGwbuf}uD;ukd,l acgif;ay:wif&if; xGufcJhw,f? (tdrfomu ausmif;0dkif; taemufbufjcrf;rSm &dSwmrkd@a0;vnf;a0;w,f? xD;aqmif;cGifh/ zdeyfpD;cGifhr&Sdyg? 'ga=umifh wbufukdyJ aqmif;&ygw,f?)

aeuvnf; ylvkdufwm jcpfjcpfawmuf? tdrfomab;em;a&mufawmh 0J,m ywfvnf =unfhvkdufw,f? vlllwa,mufrS r&Sd?awmfao;&J@? tdrfomab;rSm rvG,f ayguf wayguf&Sdaew,f? tJ'Dtwkdif; cyfokwfokwf av;xGufvmcJhw,f?

ausmif;taemufbuf xGufvmuwnf;u vrf;r}uD;[m vlwa,mufrS rawG@& ygbl;? u|efruHaumif;w,f? wefcl;vrGef;wnfhumeD; ae'%fukd rcHEkdif=uvkd@ 'DvkdtcsdefrsdK;rSm oufawmifhoufom t&dyfxJrSm tem;,lae=uwJh tcsdef? u|efr wa,mufomukd,fh&nf&G,fcsuf atmifjrifa&;twGuf r[mpGef@pm;cef;}uD; xkwfum ajy;v$m;aewmyg? vl}uD;rdb rygbJ wa,mufwnf; oGm;ae=ur[kwfvkd@ a=umuf wmu wrsdK;? todwa,mufa,muf okd@r[kwf rraps;utjyefeJ@ awG@rSm pkd;&drf wmu wrsdK;? tkd æ a=umufvef@pkd;&drfylyifpdwfaomu rsm;&wmrsm; t&ifu wcgrS r&SdcJhzl;bl;? vrf;r}uD;uvnf; &Snfvkdufwm? vrf;qHk;ukd ra&mufEkdifbl;? usr[m wefcl;v&J@rGef;wnfhumeD; aeyl&Sdefukd tHwk+yD; bdeyfryg? xD;ryg? ajcyvmoufouf eJ@ acgif;ay:u wbuf}uD;ukd rsufESmw0ufeD;yg; tkyfxm;vkdufygw,f?a[m æ vrf;qHk;}uD;ukd a&mufyg+yD? ajrmufbufukd auG@oGm;wJhvrf;ukd vkdufoGm;&if aps;awmif buf taygufukd a&mufoGm;r,f? tdk æroGm;bl;? roGm;bl;? vrf;&J@taemufbuf rD;&xm;0if;}uD;xJukd cyfokwfokwf0ifvkduf+yD; &xm;oHvrf;ukd ta&S@bufuae taemufbufukdjzwful; vkdufw,f?

a[m-'DrSm tcuftcJu wrsdK;? ckeu vrf;r}uD;ay:oGm;wkef;uawmh ylkvkdufwm? apG@apG@ckefavmufatmif ylvkd@ bdeyfrygwJhu|efr&J@ajcaxmufuav;(zdeyf rygbJ wcgrS roGm;zl;wJ h)u ylvk dufwm apG@apG@ckefaewmyJ? a[m-ckawmhwrsdK;? oHvrf;uausmufcJ}uD;i,fawGu xdyfc|efawG? tkd-u|wf æ u|wf æ u|wf æ odyfukd pl;wmyJ? u|efr[m tH}udwf+yD; ckefqGckefqGeJ@ jzwful;vmvkdufwm?uJ-bmwwfEkdif ao;vJ æ [if; æ blwm±Hk}uD;awmifbuf tkwfcHkav;ay: a&muf vm+yD;(u|efr[m wckckukd vkyfr,fvkd@ qHk;jzwf+yD;+yDqkd&ifa&S@rSm bm}uD;&Sd&Sd/ bmawG wm;xm;-wm;xm;/ r&-&atmif vkyfwwfygw,f? 'g[m u|efr&J@ arG;&myg pdwf "mwfygyJ?) a[m-tckawmhtouf±SLenf;enf; acsmifvm+yD? blwm±Hk}uD; awmifbuf uae/ vl&Sif;wJhae&ma&G;+yD; rD;&xm;0if;xJu taemufbufukd xGufvmcJhw,f?*k%fwef&yfukd jzwfvkdufyg+yD? [kd i,fi,fub0ukd jyefpOf;pm;rdw,f? 'Dvrf;xJrSm oli,fcsif;awGeJ@ vl;vm acgufwkef@ ajy;v$m; upm;aeus?atmf æ q&mr}uD;wkd@/ q&mrav;wkd@ukdvnf; jyefowd&rdw,f? q&mr}uD;wkd@/ q&mrav;wkd@[m u|efrukd odyfcspf=uw,f? 'ga=umifhwcgrSt±kdufrcH&bl;yg?

'gayr,fh taygif;toif; raumif;vkd@ u|efrwkd@ 4 a,muf &Srf;uef(tck r*Fvm uefvkd@ac:w,f)ta&S@buf yef;+cHxJu ESif;qDyef;awGoGm;ckd;wm '&0rf}uD;u twif;vkduf zrf;wmeJ@ av;a,mufom; aoajy;&Sifajy; ajy;vmwm ausmif;a&muf awmh ausmif;uwufae+yD?'&0rf}uD;uvnf; ausmif;txdvkdufvmvkd@ av;a,muf om; ausmif;aemufbuf tdrfom&Sd&m ajy;+yD;/ tdrfomxJ 0ifykef;aevkdufw,f?yef;awG ukdawmh tdrfomxJ v$ifhypfcJhw,f? wem&Davmuf=umrS twef;xJukd [efrysuf 0ifxkdif aevkdufw,f? bm&rvJ? q&mr}uD;uu|efrwkd@ av;a,mufvHk;ukd emrnf ac:vkduf+yD;/ tm;vHk;a&S@rSm &yfckdif;/ tr_ppf+yD;awmh q&mr}uD;ukd,fwkdif }udrfvHk;eJ@ wifyg;ukd wa,muf4 csufpD ±kdufay; vkdufw,f? rSwfua&m? u|efr woufvHk;rSm 'grsdK; 'DwcgyJ vkyfzl;w,f? tdrfa&mufawmh arar}uD;ukd ajymjyawmh arar}uD;u“ighajr;av;u rvdrRmvkd@ qHk;rwm woufvHk; rSwfxm;&r,f” vkd@ajym+yD; aq;vl;ay; ygw,f? a=omf æ tck tJ'Dyef;+cH}uD;em;ukd jyefa&mufvm+yD? yef;+cH}uD;[m t&if uxufykd+yD; yef;awGpHkvif vSyaew,f? c%avmufai;=unfhaerdao;w,f? 'Dtckduf rSmyJ uef&J@teD;u bk&m;ukd;ql apwDawmfjrwffu qnf;vnf;oHav;[m om,mpGm xGufay: vmygw,f?“jrwfpGmbk&m; wynfhawmfr aumif;aomtvkyfukd vkyf&ef xGufvmwmyg t&Sifbk&m;? udpPtm;vHk; atmiffjrifacsmarmatmif u,fr,awmfrl ygbk&m;” vkd@ wkd;wkd;&Gwfqkd uefawmhvkdufygw,f? acgif;xJrSm ylyifaomuawGu ay:vmjyefw,f? “ighukd vufcHygh rvm;?vufrcH&ifawmh 'kuQyJ”vkd@ ylyifaomu a&mufrdw,f? tkd æ bmvkd@ vufrcH&rSmvJ? [kdae@nu aocsma=unmxm;wmyJ? vlrsdK;ra&G;/bmomra&G;/ usm;-r ra&G;wyfom;opfrsm; vufcHrnf-wJh? &Srf;uef ajrmufbufu jrLeDpyg,f±Hk;a[mif;rSm wyfom;opf pkaqmif;a&;Xme±Hk;zGifhxm;ygw,f vkd@ ajymxm;wmyJvkd@ pdwfudk jyefwif;xm;vkdufw,f? u|efrajcaxmufawG[m apm apmuavmuf roGufawmhyg?

46

a=umufpdwfv$rf;aeygw,f? ta&S@buf uefaygif±kd; uae vrf;auG@vkduf+yD; ajrmufbuf uefaygif±kd;twkdif; jznf;jznf; av#mufvm&if;rsufvHk;uvnf; vrf;ajrmufbuf jrLeDpyg,f±Hk;}uD;udk &Smaerdw,f? uefaygif±kd; vrf;uav; w0ufavmufoGm;rdawmh/ a[m æ awG@yg+yD? ±Hk;t0if wHcg;r}uD;&J@ tkwfeH&H ab;wbufwcsufpDrSmvnf;“wyfom;opfrsm;ukd }udKqkdyg.” “wyfom;opfrsm;ukd vufcHonf”qkdwJh pmvHk;rnf;rnf;}uD;awGukdvnf; a&;xm;ygw,f? u|efrpdwfxJ0rf;omvkdufwm? jrLeDpyg,f±Hk;}uD; atmufxyfukd wjznf;jznf; 0if+yD; =unfhvkdufawmh “wyfom;opf pkaqmif;a&;Xme±Hk;”qkdwJh pmwrf;}uD;ukdtay: rSm csdwfqGJxm;+yD; atmufrSmawmh pm;yGJwvHk;/ ukvm;xkdiffESpfvHk;eJ@ pm;yGJab; wbuf wcsufrSmawmh cHkwef;vsm; ESpfvHk;cs xm;ygw,f?pm;yGJrSm ,leDazmif; tpHk0wf xm;+yD; &Jabmfwa,muf pma&;aew,f? pm;yGJay:rSm zkdifwGJwcsKd@eJ@ pmtkyf wcsdK@&Sdw,f? a&waumif; topfwvHk;/'efzvm;av; wvHk;ukd arSmufpGyfxm;w,f? wbuf nmbuftpGef;rSmawmh w,fvDzkef;wvHk; wifxm;w,f?

u|efru pm;yGJa&S@ rvSrf;rurf;av;rSm &yf/ +idrf+idrfav;ae&if; tJ'D&Jabmf}uD; acgif;jyefarmhtvmukd apmifhaeygw,f? awmfawmfeJ@armhrvmvkd@ u|efrvnf; rapmifhEkdifawmhwmeJ@ toHjyKvkdufygw,f?

“'DrSm æ 'DrSm æ tpfukd}uD;”u|efru t&JpGef@+yD; ac:vkdufygw,f? &Jabmf}uD;u acgif;qwfueJ armh vm+yD; u|efrukd jrifawmh tHh=ooGm;ovkd yg;pyfukd

[vkdufum c%avmuf +idrf =unfhaeygw,f? +yD;awmhrS-“a=omf æ a=omf æ nDdddrav;u bmudpP&Sdvkd@vJ? b,foleJ@ awG@csifvkd@vJ”“b,foleJ@rS rawG@csifygbl;? [kd æ [kd æ tpfukd}uD; 'D±Hk;uyJaemf”vkd@ xpf xpfaighaigheJ@ u|efrodcsifwmukdyJ pGwf+yD;ar; aerdygw,f?“at;uGJ@? [kwfw,f? nDrav;u bmudpP&Sdvkd@vJ? xkdifygtHk;av? nDrav; udpP&Sd&ifvnf; ajymjyyg”u|efru oln¸efjywJh ol@a&S@wnfhwnfhu ukvm;xkdifrSm r&Jw&J 0ifxkdfifvkduf w,f? u|efr[m wukd,fvHk; ac|;awG &$J&$Jpkdaew,f?

'ga=umifh rsufESma&m vnfyif; awGyg ac|;awGukd wbufeJ@ c%c%okwfae&ygw,f? tJ'Dtpfukd}uD;[m u|efr tjzpfukd =unfhvkduf+yD;oem;oGm;[efwlygw,f?

“ae}uD;uvnf; ylvkdufwm? nDrav; a&aomufvkduftHk; æ a&mh-a&mh”wJh? ajymajymqkdqkdeJ@ u|efrukd a&wcGuf ay;vmw,f?

u|efrvnf; a&wcGufvHk;ukd tukefaomufvkduf&if;-“aus;Zl;wifygw,f tpfukd}uD;&,f? tckrSyJ at;oGm;awmhw,f”vkd@ajymvkdufrdygw,f? tJ'D tpfukd}uD; [m rodrom u|efrukd tuJcwf =unfhaeyHk&ygw,f? c%aeawmhrS tJ'Dtpfukd}uD;u p+yD;-

“uJ-nDrav; 'Dukd bmudpPeJ@ vmw,fqkdwm ajymygtHk;”vkd@ ar;vmyg w,f?“u|efr wyfxJ0ifcsifvkd@yg”“[if æ wyfxJ0ifcsifw,f? [kwfvm;? nDrav; rdbuaum oabmwl ovm;”“[ifhtif-wlrSmr[kwfbl;? 'ga=umifh u|efrtckvmwmawmif wdwfwdwf av; ckd;xGufajy;vmwm”“tvkd æ nDrav;u rdbrodatmif xGufajy;vmwm qkdawmh [kd æ wjcm; ukd,fa&;ukd,fwm udpPrsm; &Sdaevkd@vm;uG,f”tJ'Dvkd ar;vmawmh u|efr awmfawmf&SufoGm;rdygw,f? (trSefu u|efr[m 'Dtcsdeftxd &nf;pm;wcgrS rxm;zl;ygbl;? 0kdif;+yD;

}udK;pm;=uolawG rsm;yg w,f? 'gayr,fh u|efrrSm ykdif;jzwfcsufwck &Sdaeygw,f? 'guawmh ukd,fwkdifvnf; oabmus jzpf&r,f? rdbuvnf;oabmwlol jzpf&r,f? 'geJ@ rukdufnD&if r,lbl;?) u|efru csufcsif; jyefrajym Ekdifawmh tpfukd}uD;u u|efrukd ykd+yD; tuJcwfaeygw,f?

“tkd æ tkd æ r&Sdygbl;tpfukd}uD;&,f? tJ'Dvkd[mrsdK; u|efrrSm r&Sdygbl;”“'gjzifh&if nDrav;u tdrfuxGufajy;&avmufatmif ta=umif;u bmawG &SdovJuG,f”“'Dvkdyg tpfukd}uD;&,f æ u|efrtdrfu xGufajy;vm&w,fqkdwmu [kdt a=umif;/ 'Dta=umif;awGa=umifh r[kwfygbl;? u|efrwkd@

tdrfrSm pnf;urf;u tjyif xGuf&if vl}uD;rdb yg&r,f? vl}uD;awGu oabmwlrS xGuf&r,f? 'Dvkd r[kwfbJ tjyifxGuf&if azazu±kdufwwfw,f? tJ'Dawmh u|efrwyfxJ 0ifcsifw,f ajym&if azazwkd@u oabmwlrSm r[kwfbl;? rwl±Hkwif rubl;? azazu ±kdufEkdifw,f?'g a=umifh bmrS rajymbJ xGufajy;vmwmyg”

“a=omf æ a=omf æ 'gjzifh&if nDrav;u bma=umifh wyfxJ0ifcsif&wmvJ? tpfukd}uD;u ar;&r,fh wm0ef&Sdvkd@ ar;wmyguG,f?pdwfr&SdygeJ@”

u|efr&ifxJrSmawmh w'def;'def; ukvm;bk&m; vSnfhaeyg+yD? wyfxJ0ifzkd@ vufrcH &ifawmh 'kuQygyJ? tdrfvnf; rjyef&Jbl;?b,foGm;ae&yghrvJ æ vkd@?

“tpfukd}uD;&,f-u|efr wyfxJ0ifcsifwmu‘trsdK;orD;b0 vGwfajrmuf a&;’twGuf wkdufyGJ0ifcsifvkd@yg”ol[m u|efr ajymjywmukd pdwf0ifwpm;eJ@ em;axmifaeygw,f? 'geJ@ u|efrvnf; w&m;yGJrSm u|efr em;axmif&wm awG[m

u|efrawG@cJh/ odcJh/ =um;cJh/ jrifcJh&wmawGeJ@ tvGeffffffffffukdufnDa=umif;? 'ga=umifh“trsdK;orD;b0 vGwfajrmufcsif&if trsdK;orD;awGukd,fwkdif wkdufyGJ0if &r,fvkd@ ,lqwma=umifh wyfxJ0ifzkd@ vmcJhwm yg” vkd@

xyf+yD;ajymjyygw,f?tpfukd}uD;[m u|efrajymwmawGukd aoaocsmcsm em;axmif+yD;rS-“tif;-tif;-'gxuf nDrav; toufu b,favmuf&Sd+yDvJ”“u|efrtouf 15ESpf &Sdyg+yD&Sif”tJ'D tpfukd}uD;[m bmrS qufrajymawmhbJ/ wckckukd pOf;pm;aeovkd cyfqkdif;qkdif; cyfawGawG vkyfaeygw,f? olu 'Dvkd jzpfaewm

47

jrif&avav u|efru ykd+yD; &ifckefavav æ æ“tif; æ nDrav; pdwf"mwfuawmh aumif;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh æ nDrav; u i,fao;w,f”[m-'kuQygyJ? u|efr awmfawmf pdwfnpfoGm;rdw,f?“tpfukd}uD;&,f æ u|efrukd bmvkyfckdffif;ckdif; u|efrvkyfEkdiffygw,f”“'Dr,f nDrav;-tpfukd}uD; ajymjyr,f? rif;i,fygao;w,fuGm? pdwfvkduf rmefyg rqHk;jzwfygeJ@? acgif;at;at;xm; pOf;pm;yg?

rif;awmfvSefa&;wyfxJukd 0ifr,fqkd&if rif;tdrfrSm aeovkd aexkdifpm;aomuf&rSm r[kwfbl;? wkd@u tzdESdyfcH vlweff;pm; qif;&Jom;vkyfom;jynfolawGtwGuf vkyfwm? wkd@rSm vcr&Sdbl;? vlxkqDrSm tvªcHpm;&wm? wkd@awmrSm aew,fqkdwm vlxku o'<gvdk@ay;vmor#/au|;or#eJ@ &yfwnf+yD; &efolukd wkdufae&wm tpfukd}uD;wkd@ tajccHa'orSm &efol u rD;±_d@rcH&wJh&Gmqkdwm r&SdoavmufygyJ? wcgESpfcgavmufawmh rD;±_d@cH=u&wmcsnfhyJ? tJ'Dawmh xrif;pm;wmvnf; qefxrif;csnf; pm;&wm r[kwfygbl;? ESpfvGef;wif/ oHk;vGef;wifxrif;(pm;vkd@&wJh toD;tESH/ O/ opfacgufpwmawGeJ@ qef 3 rsdK; a&mcsuf pm;&&if‘oHk;vGef;wif xrif;’ac:w,f? qefeJ@ pm;vkd@&wJh O/toD;tESH wckcka&mcsuf&if ESpfrsdK;a&mcsufvkd@‘ESpfvGef;wif xrif;’vkd@ ac:w,f)? tJ'gawG nDrav; cHEkdif&nf &Sdyghrvm;uG,f”

“tkd-tpfukd}uD;&,f/ tJ'Dvkd xrif;rsdK;qkdwm *syefacwfwHk;u qef0,fr&vkd@ ajymif;wkd@/ yJwkd@eJ@ a&mcsufwmawGukd u|efr pm;zl;ygw,f?tJ'Dwkef;u u|efruav;yJ &Sdygao;w,f? tck }uD;vm+yDyJ? ykd&wmaygh”

“a&&Snf pm;&rSmaemf nDrav;? wae@w&uf r[kwfbl;? +yD;awmh [if;u tom; qkdwm wvrS wcgavmuf pm;&wwfwmrsdK;?t0wftpm;vnf; 'DvkdyJ? aumif;wm 0,f r0wfEkdifbl;? &Gmu vªwJh zsif=urf;yJ 0wf&rSm? &GmrSm &ufuef;pifawG &Sdw,f”

“u|efru tom;rrufygbl; tpfukd}uD;&,f? tom;qkd ig;eJ@ykZGefyJ pm;yg w,f? +yD;awmh ESpfpOf 0gwGif; oHk;vywfvHk; u|efruoufowfvGwf pm;wmyg? [if;qdk i±kwfoD;eJ@qm;&Sd&if &ygw,f? (wu,fyJ u|efr[m awmfvSefa&;xJ a&mufrS 0ufom;eJ@trJom;ukdavhusifh pm;cJh&ygw,f? 'ga=umifh u|efr[m t±kd;aysmhygw,f? cGeftm; odyfr&Sdygbl;?) t0wf tpm;vnf; trsm;0wfovkd 0wfEkdifygw,f?'gawG ta&;r}uD;ygbl; tpfukd}uD;&,f”

“nDrav; cyfayghaygh rajymeJ@? tcsdefawG &Sdao;w,f? tpfukd}uD; ajymwm awGukd aoaocsmcsm jyef+yD; pOf;pm;ygtHk;? rsm;rsm;r[kwfbl;? ckepf&ufavmuf tdrfrSm aumif;aumif; jyefpOf;pm;yg? tckc% tdrfjyefOD;? [kwf+yDvm;”

u|efr[m bmrS jyefrajym? v_yfvnf;rv_yf? 'DvkdyJ tpfukd}uD;ukd =unfh+yD; ayuyf xkdifaeygw,f? pdwfxJrSmvnff; }uH&mr& jzpf+yD;ikdcsifvmw,f? (rsufpdxJrSm vnf; a'gow}uD;eJ@ wkwfaumuf}uD;ukdif+yDd; qD;±kdufr,fh azaz&J@ yHkukdyJ jrifaeyg w,f?) 'kuQygyJ? igajym wmawG,Hkatmif igb,fvkd vkyf&yghrvJ?

u|efr&J@ trlt&mukd =unfh+yD; tpfukd}uD;[m pdwfysufyHk&ygw,f? u|efrukd vnf; tuJcwfaew,f? em&D0ufavmuf=umawmhtpfukd}uD;[m oufjyif;&Snf}uD; wcsufcsvkdufygw,f? ol[m pdwfr&SnfawmhwJh [efeJ@ u|efrukd =unfh+yD;-

“uJ-nDrav;? tpfukd}uD; ajymor#ukd rif;u 'gawG ta&;r}uD; ygbl;vkd@ csnfh ajymaewm? rif;rSm ta&;}uD;wm bm&SdvJ? uJ-ajymprf; ygtHk;”

“u|efr tdrfrSmxJu aoaocsmcsm pOf;pm;+yD;rS vmwmyg? u|efrwyfxJ 0if&if azazwkd@u jyefvSnfh=unfhrSmvJ r[kwfygbl;?aocef;jzwfxm;rSmyg? 'gawG tm;vHk; u|efr pOf;pm;+yD;yg+yD”(azaz[m rme}uD;oavmuf tifrwefvnf; pdwf}uD; ygw,f? ol@tpffr0rf;uGJwa,mufukd olwkd@tm;vHk;u cspf=uw,f? tJ'g olwkd@oabm rwlwJh a,mufsm;ukd ,lvkd@‘aocef;jzwf’xm;w,f? aemuf rusef;rmvkd@a&m*g jyif;jyif;xefxef jzpfaewmawmif oGm;r=unfhygbl;? aemufqHk;aooGm;vkd@ tdrfa&S@u romcsoGm;wmawmif‘tckrS trkdufrsdK;jyKwfoGm;o[’qkd+yD; wHcg;xydwfvkdufyg w,f?)

“u|efrajymawmawGukd tpfukd}uD;urS r,HkbJ? u|efrukd uav;vkd oabm xm;aew,f? u|efr uav;rS r[kwfbJ?vl}uD;jzpfaeyg+yD? ta&;}uD;wmu u|efr ajym wmawGukd ,Hk+yD; wyfxJ0ifcGifh ay;zkd@ygyJ”vkd@ u|efru ikdoHyg}uD;eJ@ ajymvkdufyg w,f?

“tif; æ ±Hk;qif;csdefawmif a&mufae+yD”ol[m ol@bmom wOD;wnf; ajym&if; wae&mukd zkef;qufaeygw,f? u|efrvmaewJhtajctaeukd ajymygw,f? “ol@ukd tdrffjyefckdif;wmvnf; r&bl;? tck 'DrSm &Sdaew,f”vkd@ zkef;quf ajymygw,f? “tif; ætif; æ [kwfuJh æ [kwfuJh æ”eJ@ ajymaewkef;ygyJ?

bk&m; æ bk&m; æ [kdbufu bmawGrsm; ajymaew,f rodygbl;? u|efr rSmawmh w&m;ol}uD;u pD&ifcsufcsvmrSmukd &ifw'dwf'dwfeJ@ apmifhae&wJh w&m;cH HwOD;yrm æ

“uJ æ uJ æ nDrav; 'Dvkdvkyfyg? rkd;vnf;csKyfawmhr,f? rif; tdrfvnf; rjyefcsifbl;qkd&if trsdK;orD;acgif;aqmifqDrSm c%oGm;aeyg?tJ'DrSmae&if; aumif; aumif; jyefpOf;pm; [kwfvm;? aumif;aumif; pOf;pm;+yD;wJhaemuf jzpfEkdif+yD qkd&ifawmh rif;ajymovkd wyfxJ0ifayghuGm-r_wfzl;vm;”

“[kwfuJh”u|efrjzifh 0rf;omvkdufwm? ajymrjywwfavmufatmif ygyJ?ol[m u|efrukd rodromeJ@tuJcwfae&if; æ“a=omf æ nDrav;ukd wckar;&tHk;r,fuG,f? nDrav; emrnf b,fvkd ac:ovJ? bmvlrsdK;vJ”vmjyef+yDwrsdK;? u|efrawmh 'kuQygyJ? u|efrukd quf+yD; tuJcwf aejyef ygw,f? u|efr[m raewwf/ rxkdifwwf jzpfae+yD;

bmqufajym&rSef; rodjzpf aeyg w,f? watmifhavmuf aerS-“u|efremrnf rpef;=unfvkd@ ac:ygw,f? u|efr ArmvlrsdK;yg”u|efr[m cyfwnfwnfeJ@ yifukd,fu pOf;pm;xm;wJhtwkdif; emrnf&if; ‘rcif=unf’ukd tv,fu ‘cif’ae&mrSm ‘pef;’vkd@

48

ajymif;xnfhvkdufygw,f?wyfom; odrf;oGif;a&;Xmeu &Jabmftpfukd}uD;[m u|efrajymaewmukd rauseyfao;ovkd bmrS jyefrajymbJ quf+yD;

tuJcwfaejyefygw,f?bk&m; æ bk&m; æ igajymwmukd r,HkovkdyJ? wckckawmh jzpfawmhr,f xifw,f?tJ'Dae@urS u|efrvnf; wyfxJ0ifrSmrkd@ vl}uD;*kdufzrf;+yD; tuôsvufwkd r0wf bJ/ ay:yviftjzLa&mifvuf&Snf/ &ifzHk;tuôsukd

0wfxm;+yD; atmufykdif;rSmawmh pyef@ vHkcsnf teufa&mif ajymifay:rSm 'l;atmufem;u Zmtem; tjzLa&mif oHk;qifh wyfxm;wJh vHkcsnfeJ@acgif;uvnf; uspfqH+rD;ESpfckukd cgwkdif;vkd csrxm;bJ acgif;rSmyJ jyefacGxm;+yD; zJ}udK; teufa&mifeJ@ ESpfzufcsnfxm;w,f? vlu tom;jzLjzL/rsufESm 0kdif;0kdif; (rrajymovkd) ezl;0kdif;}uD;eJ@ ar;±kd;u um;um; æ

“a[m æ [kdrSm rtHk;jrvmae+yD”olajymwJhqDukd vSrf;=unfhvkdufawmh u|efreJ@&G,fwlavmuf rdef;uav; wa,muf vmaeygw,f? ol@vufxJrSm zufeJ@xkyfxm;wJh

txkyf}uD; 3 xkyfukd ukdif vkd@? tem;a&muf vmawmh olu u|efrukd azmfa&GwJh t+yHK;eJ@ +yHK;jyE_wfquf ygw,f? u|efruvnf; jyef+yHK;jyvkdufw,f?tom;ndKndK/ oG,foG,fjrifhjrifheJ@ cspfp&mav;?

oluyJ“tpfukd}uD; rru ±Hk;qif;vm+yD; a&csdK;csifvkd@ usreJ@yJ xnfhvkduf ygwJh”“a=omf æ a=omf æ [kwfvm;? 'Dvkdqkdvnf; aumif;om;yJ? uJ æ uJ æ nDrav;/ rtHk;jreJ@ wcgwnf; vkdufoGm;aemf? teD;av;yg?

c%qkd&if a&mufoGm;rSm”“[kwfuJh tpfukd}uD;”u|efr[m 0rf;omtm;&eJ@ xvkdufw,f? rtHk;jruvnf; u|efrvufukd vSrf;qGJvkdufygw,f?u|efr&J@ tdrfajy;b0? 'DvkdeJ@ wae@wm jyD;cJh&ygw,f?vrf;rSm u|efru rtHk;jr&J@ zufxkyfawGukd ul,lr,fvkyfawmh rtHk;jru-“aeygap? rav;ygbl;? rr,lcJhygr,f”wJh?q,frdepfavmufyJ oGm;vkduf&ygw,f? a&muf+yDqkdawmh tdrf0kdif;wckxJrSm tdrftjrifhvSvSav; wtdrfukd awG@vkdfuf&w,f?tdrfay:wufawmh u|efru aemufu wjznf;jznf;csif; wufoGm;ygw,f? tdrfayguf0rSm &yfaewJh rr(vSvS)wa,mufu u|efrukd

+yHK;=unfh+yD;-“vm æ vm æ nDrav;”ajymjymqkdqkd u|efrvufukd vSrf;qGJ+yD; tcef;xJu pm;yGJab;rSm txkdifckdif; vkdfufygw,f? u|efru tJ'Drrukd aocsm=unfhvkdufygw,f?jrwfpGmbk&m; æ u,fawmfrlyg æ u|efr rsufvHk;awG jymukefygw,f? u|efr, rodrom tuJcwf=unfhvkdufygw,f? [kwfygw,f?

u|efr, rr&J@ rdwfaqGqkd vnf;[kwf? acgif;aqmifvnf;jzpfwJh [kdrr-rS/ [kdrr tppfygyJ? ol@&J@ ±kyf&nf[m t&iftwkdif;ygyJ? t&ifeJ@rwlwmuawmh acgif;ay:rSm ‘tarmuf}uD;’ r&Sdawmh wm&,f? E_wfcrf;eDeD}uD; r[kwfawmhwm&,f? +yD;awmh vufuvnf; vufonf;&Snf}uD;awG r&Sdawmhwm&,f? 'gyJ xl;jcm;w,f? usefwmawGuawmh [kdrr-rS/ [kdrr tppfygyJ? ol[m u|efrukd cyfpdrf;pdrf;yJ qufqHaeygw,f?bmrS rSwfrdwJhyHk ray:ygbl;? 'gukdyJ 0rf;omae&ygw,f?

u|efrukdvnf; b,frSwfrdEkdifyghrvJ? [kd æ vGefcJhwJh 2ESpfausmfavmufu wcgyJ awG@zl;wmqkdawmh +yD;awmh u|effruvnf;±kyfajymif;oGm;+yDav? [kdwcg awG@ wkef;u u|efru qHwkdav;eJ@ (qHyift&Snf vuf5vHk;avmuf &Sdawmhraygh) qHukwf av;eJ@? em;qGJav;eJ@?tckawmh qHyifu wifyg;tqHk; a&mufae+yDav? +yD;awmh vl}uD;*kduf zrf;xm;wm? b,frSwf rdEkdifyghrvJ?

'Drru wjcm;vl [kwfyg±kd;vm;? u|efrwkd@+rdK@u emrnf}uD; +rdK@rsufESmzHk; txufwef;a&S@ae}uD; OD;jrbl;&J@ ti,fqHk; orD;acsmav;æ av? ‘a':odef;Ek’wJh? tdrfrSm ac:wJh emrnfu ‘upfwD’? tdrfom;awGu cspfpEkd;eJ@ ‘twD’vkd@ac:=uw,f? u|efrwkd@+rdK@u uGefjrLepftrwf ‘ocifazwifh’&J@ c,frav;aygh?

±kyfacsmOpPmayg/ ynmwwfqkdawmh 'dwf'dwf}uJaygh? rif;aygufpkd;ayguf/ ±Hk;awmfay:rSm tajccHa'ou v,form;}uD; awG&J@tr_tcif;rSefor# olrygwm r&Sdoavmuf &Sm;w,f? awmf±Hkwef±Hk+rdK@tkyfwkd@/ 0efaxmufwkd@ukd *±kpkd fufwm r[kwf bl;? 'gawmifol@tazr&Sdawmhvkd@? u|efrwkd@tazu ±Hk;ujyefvm&if 'Drrta=umif;ukd twif;tzsif; ajymwwfw,f?

“[if; æ 'Daumifrav;eJ@awmh rvG,fbl;? ol@tazrsufESma=umifh onf;cH aewm? olu t[kwf}uD;rSwfvkd@? acgif;ay:utarmuf}uD;uvnf; wawmifavmuf jrifhw,f? yg;pyfuvnf; usDtmoD;usaewmyJ? a'gufzdeyfuvnf; wa'gufa'gufeJ@ rae@u ighab;u+rdK@tkyfaygufp (it)u rvnf±_yfvkyf+yD; ol@oGm;ajymwm [kdu bmcHrvJ? Akdvfvkdr_wf+yD; jyefwD;vkdfufwm? (it)bmrS rajym&Jawmhbl;?yg;pyfvnf; wcgwnf; ydwfoGm;wmyJ? aumif;w,f? 0rf;omw,f? 'DaumifrsdK;uvnf; 'grsdK;eJ@rS ukdufw,f? Ekd@r[kwf&if acgif;aygif;pav;waxmifaxmif? ºuapmif;ºuapmif;eJ@? tck awmh +idrfusoGm;vkdufwm [kdaumifrav; toH=um;&ifukd vef@zsyfaewm acgif;awmif razmf&Jbl;?[if; æ [if; æ igwkd@ukdawmh vmrprf;eJ@? igwkd@u pnf;eJ@urf;eJ@ aewm? ukd,feJ@rqkdifwm bmrS 0ifrajymbl;? ajymvnf; rajymcsifygbl;?a&$rsufrSefav; w0if; 0if;eJ@ rsufpdxJ awmfawmf pyg;arG;pl;w,f? vl=unfhawmh ukd,fhorD;avmufav; &Sdw,f? *dkufu zrf;xm;vkdufwmajymrajymcsifawmhygbl;”

araru bmrSrajymbJ azaz a'guefaewmukd =unfhaew,f? azazajym or# }udwf+yD;0rf;omaewmuawmh rreJ@ u|efryJ?rr[m tomt,mx+yD; u|efr ukd rsufpjypfum txJukd ac:oGm;w,f? txJa&mufawmh rru-

“a[h-t=unf? eiftJ'Drrukd rawG@csifbl;vm;? eifjrifzl;csif&if oefbufcg igwkd@ tpnf;ta0;&Sdw,f? rru igwkd@ acgif;aqmifyJ?

49

ol@tdrfrSmyJ vkyfrSm? (tJ'D tcsdefu u|efrtpfr[m uGefjrLepfvli,f0if wa,mufjzpfae+yD? azaz rodatmif ckd;+yD;0ifxm;wm)eifckd;vkdufcJhygvm;? ararhukd ajymcJh&if &wmyJ? nae azazra&mufcif wkd@u apmapm a&mufatmifjyefcJh&if &wmaygh”vkd@wkd;wkd;av;ajymjyaew,f?

u|efr[m azaz ±Hk;ujyefvmwkdif; a'geJ@armeJ@ajymjyavh&SdwJh tJ'Drrukd pdwf0if pm;aewm =umyg+yD? u|efr vlrSef;odvmuwnf;urdef;rawG[m a,mufsm; ESdyfpufwm cHae=u&wmawGyJ awG@zl;w,f? tckvkd rdef;uav;wa,mufu ±Hk;ay:rSm rif;aygufpkd;aygufv_yf&Sm;vkyfukdifaew,fqkdwm =um;&awmh 0rf;omvkdufwmrS twkdif;xuftvGefyJ? ukd,fvnf; tJ'Dvkd jzpfcsifvkdufwm? tJ'Drrukd jrifvnf;odyfjrifcsif wmyJ? b,fvkd vkyf&ygh?

“rr æ =unfvnf; tJ'Drrukd odyfawG@zl;csifwmyJ? rroGm;wJhtcg wcg wnf; vkdufvmvkd@ &yghrvm;rr&,f”“bmvJ eifu rrukd a=umufaeovm;? 'DrSm t=unf eif igeJ@wcgwnf; vkdufcJh? [kda&mufawmh eifawG@vdrfhr,f? rruodyf

oabmaumif;wm? rmevnf; r}uD;bl;[? eifhukd awG@&if cspfrSm”'DvdkeJ@ rrtpnf;a0;oGm;wJhae@ rreJ@vkdufoGm;ygw,f? tJ'DrSm rreJ@ awG@ awmh-“a[m-rjroGifvnf; vm+yD? vm æ vm æ rrwkd@vnf; apmifhaewm=um+yD? olav;u b,folav;vJ”tJ'Drru ajymajymqkdqkdeJ@ aumufumiifum wqufwnf; u|efrukdyg ar;vkdufyga&m? 'Dawmhrru-“rr 'gav;u jr&J@ nDrav; t=unfwJh”atmf æ [kwfvm;? rrwkd@tdrfu aysmfp&maumif;w,fuGJ@ æ nDrav; vnf; aemufawmh aysmfvmrSmyg”“[kwfuJhrr”u|efru wkd;wkd;av; ajymvkdufw,f?tJ'Dwkef;u wcgyJ awG@vkdufzl;wmyg? tckawmh 'DrreJ@ wtdrfwnf;rSm vmae&+yDaygh? 0rf;omvkdufwm æ'Dtdrf&Sifu om;trd 2a,mufwnf;aewm? orD;u 'Drr&J@oli,fcsif;? tysdK }uD;? Adkvfujym;? awmfawmfvSw,f? ol@taruawmh

uGefjrLepfukd awmfawmf rkef;w,f? a=umufvnf; odyfa=umufw,f? rrae@wkdif; ±Hk;wuf&w,f? ae@pOftdrfrSm u|efrwkd@ 3a,mufyJ usefw,f?rtHk;jru [kdoGm;vkdfuf&/ 'DoGm;vkduf&qkdawmh u|efr eJ@ ta':}uD;yJ &Sdw,f? tJ'Dvkd 2a,mufwnf; usef&if uGefjrLepfraumif;a=umif;odyfajymwmyJ? +yD;awmh u|efrukdvnf; wyfxJr0ifzkd@ “ukd,fhrdbavmuf b,f[mrS raumif;bl;? nnf; ukd,fhtdrfukd,f jyefaygh? igajymwmawG[kd[mrukd jyefrajymeJ@aemf? igvnf; odyfa=umufwm”eJ@ trsdK;rsdK; vSnfhajymaewmyJ?

wae@ reufpmpm;+yD; rr±Hk;roGm;cif &Jabmf 4-5 a,muf tdrfukd a&muf vm+yD; tpnf;ta0;&Sdw,f? apmapmoGm;&atmifqkd+yD;rrukd vmac:w,f? rrvnf; tjref t0wfvJ+yD; ±Hk;zkdifwGJawGxnfhwJh vG,ftdwfwvHk;eJ@ ab;vG,ftdwfwvHk;('D ab;vG,f tdwfxJrSmaoewfyg)ygw,f? *spfum;eJ@ vmac:wmrkd@ rrvnf; 'Dum;eJ@yJ ygoGm; w,f? rrwkd@um;vnf; xGufoGm;a&m ta':}uD;u rJh&GJ@+yD; “nnf;jrifw,f [kwfvm;? a,mufsm;awG wyHk}uD;eJ@ xGufwm? rdef;rqkd olwa,mufwnf;? nnf; aum tJ'Dvkd aeEkdifovm;”wJh?

u|efru bmr#jyefrajymbJ pOf;pm;aerdw,f? a,mufsm;awG=um;xJ rru wa,mufwnf;awmh [kwfw,f? 'gayr,fholwkd@tm;vHk;[m pnf;urf;&SdwJh &JabmfawGyg? olwkd@tm;vHk;[m wnfwnf=unf=unf&Sdw,f? qufqHa&;uvnf; ±kd;om; yGifhvif;w,f?=urf;ykd;olckd;awGrS r[kwfbJ? u|efr bmodbmom aevkdufw,f? ta': }uD;eJ@ pum;qufajymaevkd@ bmrS tusdK;r&Sdbl;?

wyfeJ@jynfol cspf=unfjzLwyfeJ@jynfol cspf=unfjzLwyfeJ@jynfol cspf=unfjzLwyfeJ@jynfol cspf=unfjzLwyfeJ@jynfol cspf=unfjzLu|efr xGufajy;vmwJhae@rSmyJ wyfom;opfodrf;oGif;a&;Xmeu &Jabmf tpfukd}uD; ajymwJh vlxkay;wJh xrif;xkyfqdkwmukd

tJ'Dae@naepmu pwif+yD; pm; &w,f? aysmfvdkufwm? u|efrukd vmac:&if; rtHk;jrukdifvmwJh txkyf}uD; 3 xkyf[m xrif;xkyfygyJ? naexrif;pm;&atmifvkd@ ac:awmh xrif;0kdif;rSm rtHk;jru xrif; xkyfawGukd u|efra&S@wxkyf/ rra&S@wxkyf/ ol@twGuf wxkyf,lvkdufw,f?xrif; xkyfukd jznfvkdufawmh rru yJoD;okyf/ rtHk;jru bJOa=umfygvmw,f? u|efr&J@ t xkyfu [if;rygyJ? pmwkdav; wapmifygvmw,f?tJ'Dpmwkdav;u cJwHeJ@ a&;xm; w,f?

tcsdefr&vkd@ [if;rxnfhvkdufEkdifbl;? [if;zkd; ykdufqHig;rl;xnfhay; vkdufw,f?tcsdefr&vkd@ [if;rxnfhvkdufEkdifbl;? [if;zkd; ykdufqHig;rl;xnfhay; vkdufw,f?tcsdefr&vkd@ [if;rxnfhvkdufEkdifbl;? [if;zkd; ykdufqHig;rl;xnfhay; vkdufw,f?tcsdefr&vkd@ [if;rxnfhvkdufEkdifbl;? [if;zkd; ykdufqHig;rl;xnfhay; vkdufw,f?tcsdefr&vkd@ [if;rxnfhvkdufEkdifbl;? [if;zkd; ykdufqHig;rl;xnfhay; vkdufw,f?at;rat;rat;rat;rat;r

qkdwJh pmwkdav;? qif;&Jom; jynfolawGu xm;wJhapwemukd azmfjyae ygw,f? rtHk;jru ta=umif;odqkdawmh u|efr xrif;xkyfukdqGJ,lvkduf+yD; xrif;xkyf xm;wJh tifzuf&Gufw&Gufukd ajr‡mufvkdufw,f? zufu ESpfxyfqkdawmh tJ'D=um;xJ u 5rl; aphav; xGufvmygw,f?

tcsdefwkdav;twGif; u|efrpdwfxJrSm &ifwGif;cHpm;csufawG trsdK;rsdK;ajymif; aew,f? yxr [if;rygvmawmh 0rf;enf; ovkdvkd/&Sufovkdvkd? aemuf pmwkdav;eJ@ [if;zkd;aiGukd awG@awmh xrif;xkyf&Sifukd oem;ovkdvkd? aemufrru xrif;pm;&if; &Sif;jyawmh-

“pm;-pm; nDrav;? ' Dxrif;xky fawGu 'D +r d K @taemufbuftxGuf um; vrf;ab;u &Gmav;ESp f& Gm & S dw,f?‘aygufptif;’vkd@ac:w,f? tvGefqif;&Jw,f? 'gay r,fh rrwkd@ uGefjrLepfwyfrawmftay: tvGefapwem }uD;w,f? +rdK@odrf;yGJwkduf wkeff;uvnf;“olwkd@uyJ wm0ef,lyg&ap”qkd+yD; ae@pOfau|;aevkd@ awmif;yef+yD; wjcm;&GmawGu jyef,l&w,fuGJ@? nDrav;uawmh yxrqHk;t}udrfp,pm;wJhtcsdefrSm [if;rygvnf; [if;zk d;aiG 5rl; awmif &w,ffqkdawmh edrdwfaumif;wmayghuG,f? aemif rSm jynfolcspfwJhorD;aumif;jzpf&rSmaygh”vkd@ajymaew,f? u|efr&ifxJrSmawmh azmf rjywwfwJh a0'emwrsdK; cHpm;ae& ygw,f?

a=omf æ jynfolawG/ jynfolawG wae@vkyfrSwae@pm;&wJh jynfolawG? [if;csufzkd@ tcsdefrrDvkd@ [if;zkd;aiG 5rl; ighukdxnfhay;vkdufawmh olwkd@rdom;pkt wGuf æ

tJ'Dae@u rSwfrSwf&&? tdrf&Sifu ukvm;yJ[if; rqvmar$;ar$;eJ@wcGuf/ i±kwfoD;a=umfuwcGuf/ rreJ@ rtHk;jruvnf;

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olwkd@&wJh[if;awGyg yef;uefxJ xnfhxm;vkdufawmh rsm;vkdufwJh[if;? u|efru &Srf;[if;xkyfjzpfjzpf/ wckck xyf0,fr,fqkdawmh rru“r0,feJ@”wJh? “[if;awG 'gavmufrsm;wm &SdwmeJ@yJ pm;yg? ykdufqHukd nDrav; odrf;xm;? aemufvkdwm&SdrS 0,fyg”wJh?

oGm;twlwl-vmtwlwloGm;twlwl-vmtwlwloGm;twlwl-vmtwlwloGm;twlwl-vmtwlwloGm;twlwl-vmtwlwlu|efr[m rrwkd@eJ@ twlae&if; tdrfvGrf;wm/ pdwfnpfwmawGr&SdbJ aysmf aeygw,f? tdrf&Sifta':}uD;[m rtHk;jreJ@ u|efrudk

cGJjcm;qufqHygw,f? rtHk;jrukd awmolqkd+yD;awmh &GHovkdvkd/ wef;wlrxm;csifovkdvkd? rruawmh u|efrukda&m/ r tHk;jrukdyg wef;wlqufqHw,f? *±kpkdufw,f? cg;0wfcg;pm;uvGJvkd@ bmrSrygwJh u|efrukdvnf; ol@&J@t0wf tpm;xJu oleJ@ i,fwJh/ usyfaewJh t0wfawGukda&G;+yD; 3pHk/ rtHk;jrtwGufvnf; ykdi,fwm ukda&G;+yD; 3pHkay;vkdufygw,f? om;a&zdeyf w&Hvnf; u|efrtwGuf ay;ygw,f? rtHk;jru u|efrxuf4-5v}uD;ayr,fh ukd,fvHk; uav;u ndKndKoG,foG,fav;? u|efru jzLjzLwkwfwkwf? vlukd=unfh&if u|efru }uD;aeayr,fh rtHk;jrut}uD;yDyD u|efrukd t&m&mrSm odyfn‡mw,f? pdwfaumif; &Sdw,f? ±kd;om;w,f? 'ga=umifh u|efrol@ukd cspfcifav;pm;w,f? rtHk;jru “oDwif;u|wfvkd@ tdrfcGif hjyef&if u|efrukdyg tvnfac:oGm;r,fwJh? tarwkd@ tbwkd@u u|efrukdawG@&if odyfcifrSm”wJh? u|efruvnf;“rrukdcGifhawmif;+yD; &&if vkdufcJhr,f” vkd@ ajymxm;w,f?

'DrSm wckxl;jcm;wmu wae@ukd ESpf}udrfxrif;xkyf oGm;,l&w,f? tJ'g ae@wkdif; rtHk;jr wa,mufwnf; oGm;,lw,f?“u|efrygvkduf+yD; ul,lr,f”vkd@ajym&if rtHk;jru oabmrwlbl;? rruvnf;-

“=unfav; roGm;eJ@ aeygap? rtHk;jrwa,mufwnf;vnf; &ygw,fuG,f? tm;em;p&mr[kwfwm? tm;remygeJ@”'DvkdyJ t+rJajym+yD;wm;vkd@ u|efrvnf; wcgrS vkdufr,l&bl;?

naewkdif; rr±Hk;u jyefvm&if &Srf;uef uefaygif±k d;twkdif; awmifeJ@ajrmuf/ ta&S@eJ@taemuf vrf;av#muf=uw,f?vrf;av#mufxGufwkdif; rtHk;jrukd ac:&if [kdta=umif;jy/ 'Dta=umif;jyeJ@ wcgrS rvkdufbl;? u|efreJ@ rryJ ae@wkdif;ESpfa,muf om;pum;wajymajymeJ@ rkd;csKyfvkd@arSmifrS(tdrfuvnf; teD;av;qkdawmh)tdrfjyef vmw,f? wae@rSm rru vrf;av#muf&if; ajymvmw,f?

“=unfav; tarwkd@ tazwkd@ukd rvGrf;bl;vm;”wJh? u|efru-“ararhukdawmh vGrf;w,f? azazhukdawmh 'gavmuf rvGrf;bl;”“azazhukd bmvdk@ rvGrf;wmvJ? rdbqkdwm twlwlaygh? ararhukdawmh vGrf; w,fqdkwm bma=umifh 'Dvkdjzpf&wmvJ”“'Dvkdav rr&J@? rdbjzpfayr,fh rwlwmu araru odyfat;/ odyf±kd;w,f? bmrqkd azaz+yD;rS +yD;&w,f? azazuawmh arareJ@

qef@usifbufyJ? 'ga=umifh ararukd oem;vnf; oem;w,f? ykdvnf;cspfw,f? vGrf;vnf; vGrf;w,f?“=unfav;rSm &nf;pm;a&m &Sdovm;”“tkd æ rruvnf; æ b,fuvm&Sd&rSmvJ”“&Sd&if &Sdw,fajymaemf? rrukd bmrS &Sufp&m rvkdbl;? uGefjrLepfwyfom; vkyfr,fhvl[m ±kd;om;&w,f? rnm&bl;”rr[m

ajym&if;qkd&if; u|efrrsufESmukd pkduf =unfhaeygw,f?“r&Sdbl; rr&,f? u|efr˜ rnmygbl;? u|efr wcgrS &nf;pm;rxm;zl;ygbl;”“at;at;? r&Sd&if +yD;a&m? rru &Sdrsm;&Sdovm;vkd@ ar;=unfhwmyguG,f” tJ'DvkdeJ@ pum;wajymajymeJ@ tdrfukd cgwkdif;vkdyJ arSmifrS

jyefa&mufw,f?

a[mæawG@yg+yDæwcga[mæawG@yg+yDæwcga[mæawG@yg+yDæwcga[mæawG@yg+yDæwcga[mæawG@yg+yDæwcgwnaerSm rrvnf; ±Hk;ujyefra&mufvmao;? tdrf&Sifa':a':uvnf; aps;c%oGm;ae? rtHk;jruvnf; xrif;xkyf oGm;,leJ@?

tdrfrSm u|efrwa,mufwnf; ysif;ysif; &SdwmeJ@ tdrfa&S@vomaqmif xGuf+yD; ±_r0r*~Zif; zwfaeygw,f? tdrfa&S@uae vlwa,muf tdrfay:ukdwufvmaew,f?

“rrEk æ rrEk æ [m-vlvnf; wa,mufrS r&Sdbl;vm;” ,leDazmif; tjynfhtpHk 0wfxm;wJh &Jabmfwa,muf? yg;pyfuvnf;quf+yD; atmfac:aew,f?

“rrEk æ rrEk æ [m-'Dtdrfu a':a':a&m/ r&Sd=ubl;vm;” u|efrvnf; raeom awmhbJ æ“&Sdygw,f? rrEk ±Hk;u jyefra&mufao;bl;? bmudpP&Sdvkd@ygvJ”vkd@ajym&if; {nfhcef;xJ 0ifvkdufygw,f?“a=omf æ a=omf æ udpPtxl;r&Sdygbl;? 'DpmapmifawG jyefay;csifvkd@? rrEk jyefvm&if ay;,ay;ygcifAsm” ajymajymqkdqkd pmapmifawG

vSrf;ay;ygw,f?“[kwfuJh”vkd@ajym&if; vSrf;,lvkdufygw,f? tJ'D&Jabmf[m udpP+yD;oGm; vnf; rjyefao;bJ u|efrukd ajcqHk;acgif;qHk; =unfh&if;

“cifAsm; æ ukdpdef@c,frav; r[kwfvm;” vkd@ar;ygw,f? u|efrvnf; rkd;}udK;typfcHvkduf&olvkd vef@oGm;+yD;-“tkd æ r[kwfygbl;”vdk@ cyfwkdwkdyJ jyefajymvkdufygw,f? tJ'Dvl[m r+yD; Ekdifao;bJ-“bmvkd@ r[kwf&rSmvJ? cifAsm;[m rtrm&J@ nDrav;yJ”wJh? +yD;awmh quf+yD; ajymaeygw,f? “cifAsm; u|efawmhfukd rrSwfrdbl;vm;? u|efawmf &Srf;uav; ‘bkdeD’av? ukdpdefeJ@ vm-vm pum;ajymaewJh &Srf;uav;bkdeDav”?ol[m ajymajym qdkqkdeJ@ acgif;uOD;xkyfukd c|wfvkduf+yD; u|efrukd +yHK;jy aeygw,f? u|efr ol@ukd =unfhvkdufawmh [kwfygw,f?

tpfukd}uD;wkd@ rrwkd@&J@ {nfhonf}uD; &Srf;uav;bkdeDqkdwJh vlygyJ?u|efrwkd@ tdrfukd ola&mufvm&if u|efru rrwkd@/ tpfukd}uD;wkd@ wa,muf a,mufukd oGm;ac:ay;vkduf±HkygyJ? olu u|efrukd

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odovkd/ u|efruvnf; ol@ukdod ygw,f? 'gayr,fh pum;awmh rajymzl;ygbl;? tckawmh rwwfEkdifyg? u|efrvnf; nmvufpeJ@ nm&OD;awmhrSmyJ?“tdkd-b,fu ukdpdefvJ? u|efr rodbl;” tJ'Dvkd cyfwnfwnf ajymvkdufrS-“a=omf æ a=omf æ [kwfyg+yDav? rodbl;qkdvnf; xm;ygawmh? rrEk jyefvm &ifom tJ'DpmapmifawG ay;vkduffyg”“[kwfuJh”? olvnf; ajymajymqkdqkdeJ@ jyefoGm;ygw,f? 'DawmhrS u|efr vnf; pdwfqif;&J&wm ayghoGm;awmhw,f? tif;-}uH}uHzefzef

'DvleJ@rS vmawG@&w,f? tdrfrSm tpfukd}uD;wkd@ukdrsm; oGm;ajymvkduf&ifawmh 'kuQygyJvkd@ awG;aerdw,f? aemuf 3 &ufavmuf &Sdawmhnaevrf;av#muf&if; rru rar#mfvifhbJ pum;wcGef; ajymvm w,f?

“=unfav; æ reufjzefnae/ =unfav; azaz tdrfukdvm+yD; =unfav;ukd ac:vdrfhr,f? tJ'g =unfav; vkdufcsifw,fqkd&ifjyefvkdufoGm;ygaemf? rrwkd@uawmh =unfav;&J@ qENtwkdif; tm;vHk;oabmwlygw,f”

u|efr[m rru tJ'Dvkdajymwm =um;vkduf&awmh rkd;}udK;ypfcHvkduf&ovkd jzpfoGm;ygw,f?“[if-rrb,fvkd æ reufjzefnae azazvmr,f æ [kwfvm;”“[kwfw,favnDrav;&J@? nDrav; aysmufoGm;vkd@ olwkd@uvnf; &Smae wm? tckawmh &Srf;uav;bkdeDu ta=umif;tusdK;

tpHkoGm;ajymjyxm;vkd@ odoGm;+yD; vmac:rSmav”“[if æ rr u|efr azazhukd a=umufw,f? rawG@csifbl;? tdrfvnf; rjyefcsif bl;? a=umufw,frr”“tJ'Dvkd rvkyfygeJ@ nDrav;&,f? ukd,fhrdbyJ vm&ifawG@vkdufyg? ukd,fhqEN ukdvnf; yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ajymjyyg? Ekd@r[kwf&if rrwkd@u

zsm;a,mif;+yD; ac:xm;w,f vkd@ xifaer,f”“tdk æ bmvdk@xif&rSmvJ? u|efrukd,fwkdifu wyfxJ0ifcsifvkd@ tdrfu ajy; vm+yD; 'DrSmvmaewm”“tkduG,f udpPwck jywfoGm;atmif nDrav;taeeJ@ tazukdawG@+yD; yGifhyGifh vif;vif; ajymvkdufwm taumif;qHk;ygyJ”'geJ@ u|efrvnf; bmrS qufrajymawmhbJ +idrfaevkdufw,f? nusawmh wnvHk; aumif;aumif; tdyfr&awmhbl;? aemufwae@

azazeJ@awG&if “rjyefcsif bl;”qdkwm b,fvkdajym&rvJ? rruvnf; twif;yJ awG@ckdif;aew,f? tkd æ r wwfEkdiffbl;? tdrfukdjyefvkduf&ifawmh woufvHk; igh&JqENukd jynhfrSmr[kwfbl;? wyfxJ0ifzkd@ woufvHk; b,fvkdrS oabmwlrSm r[kwfbl;? tJ'Dawmh jzpfvmrSawmhrD;pif=unfh u&awmhrSmyJvkd@ pdwfukdjyefwif;rdygw,f?

azazuawmhvm+yDæazazuawmhvm+yDæazazuawmhvm+yDæazazuawmhvm+yDæazazuawmhvm+yDænae rrawmif ±Hk;qif;vkd@ jyefa&mufaeyg+yD? azazuawmh a&mufrvm ao;yg? rvmygapeJ@vkd@awmif qkawmif;rdygw,f? rD;zkdxJrSm

rtHk;jreJ@ pum;ajymae wkef; rr 0ifvm+yD;-“=unfav; æ =unfav; azaza&mufae+yD? oGm;awG@vkdufygtHk;”“[if æ rr wa,mufwnf;awmh oGm;rawG@&Jbl;? rra&mvkdufcJhygrr” u|efr[m ajymajymqkdqdk rrvufukd twif;qGJ+yD;

ac:aerdw,f?rru u|efrvufukd tomt,m z,f&if;-“=unfav;uvJuG,f æ rrvnf; tdrfxJrSm &SdaewmyJ? 'gavmufvnf; ra=umufygeJ@? ukd,fajymp&m&Sdwm yGifhyGifh vif;vif;eJ@

at;at;aq;aq; ajymjy aygh æ vm æ vm æ rrvkdufykd@ay;r,f”u|efrcsufcsif; roGm;ao;bJ rD;zkdx&Haygufuae tdrfa&S@ azaz&Sd&mukd acsmif; =unfhvkdufygw,f? azaz[m aq;vdyf aomuf&if;

+idrfaeygw,f? tJ'gukd jrifvkduf awmh u|efr&ifxJrSm azazukd oem;rdygw,f? a=omf æ azaz æ azaz tifrwef rme}uD;wJh azaz?uGefjrLepfqkdvnf; tvGefrkef;? rkef;oavmuf a=umufvnf; a=umufw,f? b,fawmhrS rqufpyfcsifbl;? tckawmh u|efrudpPeJ@ rv$Jra&Smifomvmae&&SmwmyJvkd@ u|efr pOf;pm;aerdw,f? 'ga=umifh rreJ@twl xGufvkduf oGm; ygw,f? u|efrwkd@ ESpfa,muf[m azazeJ@ rvSrf;rurf;rSmxkdifvkduf+yD;/ rru pajym ygw,f?

“OD;av;atmif-a[m'DrSm OD;av;atmif&J@orD;u rawG@&Jbl; qdkvkd@ u|efr vm ydk@ay;wm? ajymp&m&Sdwm at;at;aq;aq;ajym=uyg? wckawmh&Sdw,f? uav;ukd ±kdufvm;ESufvm;eJ@ t=urf;zufwJ@enf;eJ@awmh rac:ygeJ@? ol@qENeJ@ol vkdfuf ygap? 'gwckawmhu|efr }udKwifawmif;yef xm;csifygw,f? =unfav;[m awmfvSef a&; wyfrawmfxJ 0ifcsifvkd@qkd+yD; tdrfu xGufajy;vmwm? ±Hk;a&mufawmhtdrfjyefckdif; vnf; rjyefvkd@ i,fvnf; i,fao;w,f? rdef;uav;vnf; jzpfvkd@ ygwD±Hk;u ,m,D xdef;oddrf; xm;ygw,f? u|efrwkd@ taeeJ@'DDae@'Dtcsdeftxd bmwckrS pnf;±Hk; rxm; ygbl;? tdrfukd jyefzkd@ t+rJwkduf wGef;aeygw,f? ol&J@qENu t"duyg? =unfav; ukd,fwkdifuvnf;ukd,fajymp&m&Sdwm yGifhyGifhvif;vif; ajymjyyg? uJ-OD;av;atmifwkd@ om;tz ajymp&m&Sdwm qufajym=uygOD;? u|efr vkyfp&m tvkyfuav;&Sdaeao;vkd@ u|efrukd cGifhjyKygOD;”

rr[m ajymajymqkdqdkeJ@ x+yD; ol@tcef;av;xJokd@ 0ifoGm;ygawmh w,f?u|efrvnf; azazbmrsm;ajymrvJvkd@ +iddrfaeygw,f? tawmf=umrS “eifhtar vnf; eifhpdwfeJ@ tdyf&mxJvJae+yD?

ae@&Sdoa&G@ eifhta=umif;yJ ajymaewm? tpmvnf; rpm;bl;? tJ'g azazjyef&if wcgwnf; jyefvkdufrvm;”“jyefrvkdufcsifbl; azaz? u|efrwyfxJ0ifcsifvkd@yg”“eifhtarukd roem;bl;vm;”“ararhukdawmh oem;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh u|efru wyfxJ0ifcsifwm”“at;-tJ'g aumif;aumif; pOf;pm;xm;aygh? rkd;vnf; csKyf+yD? azaz jyefawmh r,f” azaz[m ajymajymqkdqkd xvkdufygw,f?

52

u|efr[m jyefoGm;wJhazaz&J@ ausmjyif ukd ai;pkduf=unfhaerdwkef; rru ab;rSmvm&yfygw,f?atmuf vrf;r}uD;ay:u t[rf;-t[rf;-zGD;-zGD;eJ@ azaz&J@ acsmif;qkd;oH/ wHawG;axG;oHukd =um;vkduf&ygw,f? "mwfodjzpfwJh

u|efr[m azaza'goukd b,f avmuf xdef;csKyfxm;w,fqdkwmukd wGufqrdvkdufygw,f? azaz[m a'gojzpf+yD; pdwfwkdvm&ifacsmif;rqkd;csifvnf; jzpfn‡pfqdk;+yD;/ wHawG;ukd zGD-zGDeJ@axG;wwfygw,f? nae ±Hk;utjyef tdrfra&mufcif ta0;}uD;uwnf;u t[rf;-t[rf;-zGD-zGDqdkwJh toH =um;ae&wwfygw,f?

u|efr[m ae@pOf azazhukd }udKaeusrkd@ azazhvufu zkdifwGJawGukd ul,l+yD; vkdufcJh&ayr,fh pdwfuawmh wxdwfxdwfyg? tJ'Dvkdae@rsdK;rSmtajymtqkd tvkyf tukdif bmwckrS wdrf;r&yg? wdrf;&if vl}uD;aom uav;yg cGifhrv$wfwwfyg? tm;vHk; owdxm;ae&ygw,f? wtdrfvHk;azazhtoHuvGJ&if wdwfqdwf+idrfouf aeygw,f? wdrf;vkdufr,fqkd&ifawmh r±kdufawmif tenf;qHk; atmf-aigufqlylwm cH&ygw,f?{nfhonfb,favmufrsm;rsm; vlpdrf;b,favmuf&Sd&Sd r&yg? ±kdufr,fqkd b,folu qGJqGJ r&yg? 'grsdK;awG rr cH&wm rsm;ygw,f? u|efruawmh'DvkdtcsdefrsdK;qkd&if ukd,f vkyfp&m&SdwmawGukd txl;owdxm;+yD; bmrS rvpf[if;&avatmif ykd*±kpkdufygw,f? rruawmh jzpfumrSjzpf? olu tcGifhxl;cHqkdawmh odyfra=umufygbl;? u|efrwkd@ trsdK;xJrSm yxrqHk; ay:vmwJhuav;rkd@(ajr;OD;rkd@)tbkd;/ tbGm; rdbrsm;eJ@ wuG waqGvHk;wrsdK;vHk;u ‘rr’‘rr’eJ@ zl;zl;r_wf xm;wm cH&olyg? trSefajym&&if azazhukdvnf;oddyfra=umufyg? olvkyfcsifwm vkyf&rS auseyfolyg? 'ga=umifh 'Dvkd tcsdefrsdK;rSm trsm;qHk; txdcH&ol[m ‘rr’ygyJ? u|efruawmh vl}uD;awGr}udKufwm bmwckrS rvkyfyg? ±kdufwm/ aigufwmrajymeJ@ toHrmrm ajym&ifawmif rcHEkdifyg? tvGef0rf;enf;wwfygw,f? 'ga=umihfukd,fhta=umif; ukd,fodvkd@ ukd,fhbufu trSm; r&Sdatmif }udK;pm;aewmyg? 'Dvkd tajctaersdK;awGa=umifh u|efrwkd@tddrfrSmazazr&SdwJhtcsdefrSm(a=umifr&Sd&if ºuufjrL;ovdk)aysmf&$ifjrL;xl;=uygw,f? trsm;tm; jzifhuawmh "mwfpufzGifh/ oDcsif;awGvkdufqkd/rreJ@nDtpfrESpfa,muf wcgw&H wvSnfh pD t+ydKifu=uw,f?

azaz[m yGJawG/ ±kyf&SifawG tvGef}udKufygw,f? yGJqkd&if vmuwJh ZmwfyGJ rSefor# rvGwfwrf; =unfh&ygw,f? ±kyf&Sifukdawmholwa,mufwnf; t&if=unfh+yD;rS acwfqefqef (cspfcef;}udKufcef;awG)odyfrygrS wtdrfvHk;ukd ac:jyygw,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm rr[mtysdKayguft&G,f a&mufaeyg+yD? 'ga=umifh u|efrwkd@ trsm;pk =unfh&wmu okduforkdif;um;/ &mZ0ifum;awGyg? u|efrwkd@uacwfqefqefum;awGukd =unfhcsif wmyg? azazhukd rajym&J? ajymvnf; &rSmr[kwfyg?

aysmfp&m &$ifp&m qef;jym;vSwJhobifyGJyrmaysmfp&m &$ifp&m qef;jym;vSwJhobifyGJyrmaysmfp&m &$ifp&m qef;jym;vSwJhobifyGJyrmaysmfp&m &$ifp&m qef;jym;vSwJhobifyGJyrmaysmfp&m &$ifp&m qef;jym;vSwJhobifyGJyrmtdrfrSm aysmfp&mtaumif;qHk;uawmh azazvkdufay;aewJhtr_ EkdifwJhae@ygyJ? tr_onfawGu aiGa&m/ vufaqmifypPnf;/

pm;p&mawGukdyg tpHk0,fay;=uvkd@ pm;=u aomuf=ueJ@ {nfhonfawGvnf; jyefoGm;a&m azazu aysmf&Gifp&mtcef;ukd pawmh wmygyJ?u|efrwkd@azazu olrsm;eJ@rwl? t&ufrl;&if pdwfxm;aysmhaysmif;oGm;+yD; t vGefcspfp&maumif; ygw,f? ZeD;onfukdvnf; “r&ifa& ær&ifa&”eJ@ w&ifwnf; &ifaewwfygw,f? u|efrwkd@ ukdvnf; “rra& æ uav;a& æ”eJ@ tvGef*±kpkduf yg w,f? pm;csifwJho=um;vHk;/acsmhuvuf tukefcsau|;wwfygw,f? +yD;&if olukd,f wkdif ujywwfygao;w,f?

“a[m'gu bkd;pdeftu/ a[m'gu OD;pdefuwHk;tu/ a[m'gu r,fatmif Av tu/ 'gu bkd;pdef}uD;&J@t[J/ a[m'gu atmifAv&J@tc|J”trsdK;pHkatmif vkyfjy/ ujyeJ@ &,fae&ygw,f? u|efrwkd@u }udKufwJhtuawG@&if xyfjyefwvJvJ yGJawmif; ygw,f? tJ'gqkd&if azazuoabmawGus+yD; }udK;pm;u,ygw,f? tJ'Dvkd u,av u|efrwkd@u 0rf;pfrkd;/ 0rf;pfrkd;eJ@ atmfatmf+yD; =obmay;aewmrkd@ azazhcrsm ac|;+ydKuf+ydKufusarmvmwJhtxd u,&ygawmhw,f? odyfarmvm&ifawmh “wkd@wm0ef awmh +yD;+yD? eifwkd@ tar tvSnfhyJ” vkd@ajym+yD; xkdifcsvkdufawmhwmygyJ?

xl;qef;wmuawmh arar[m enf;enf;av;rS ru, wwfygbl;? oDcsif;av; wat;at;eJ@om aewwf+yD; pdwfat;csrf;ol jzpfygw,f?0rf;enf;p&m&Sd&ifvnf; ol@0rf;xJrSm wEkH@EkH@cHpm;wwfolvnf; jzpfygw,f? ararhukd twif;u, ckdif;&ifvnf; araru ru, wwfawmh yGJ+yD;oGm;wwfygw,f?

azazeJ@arar vufxyf+yD; wESpfavmuf(uav;r&cif) tcsdefrSm azaz uvnf; opfawmbufrSm tvkyfvkyf/ 0ifaiGuvnf;aumif;/ESpfbufrdbawGuvnf; awmifhawmh ylyifp&mr&Sd/ vmor#ZmwfyGJ r=unfhzl;wm r&Sd? ESpfa,mufwnf; aysmfyGJ &$ifyGJawG oGm;vkduf/vªvkdufwef;vkduf/ pm;vkdufaomufvkdufeJ@ aecJh=uwmvkd@ araru wcgw&HrSm u|efrwkd@ukd ajymjy wwfygw,f? tdrfrSm vmaysmfaewJh0rf;uGJnDtpfukd armifESpfrawGuvnf; rsm;rSrsm;/ b,foGm;oGm; tkyfvkduf}uD; tvGefaysmfp&maumif; w,fvkd@ ajymjyzl;wmukdvnf;owd&aerdao;w,f?

b0tvSnfhtajymif;b0tvSnfhtajymif;b0tvSnfhtajymif;b0tvSnfhtajymif;b0tvSnfhtajymif;ararwkd@b0rSm rrup+yD; 0ifvmygw,f? rr vtcsdK@vnf;&a&m azaz [m twGif;ykdif; yËdyuQa=umifh tvkyfjyKwf cJh&w,f?

a&S@aepma&; tvkyfoifb0rSm t&ifuavmuf 0ifaiGraumif;awmh aexkdifr_b0 ajymif;vJoGm;w,f? azaz[m ukd,fhrSm usyfwnf;ayr,fhrdbu ulnDwm bmwckrS r,lbl;? 'DvkdeJ@ tdrfrSmvmaewJh trsdK;awG wa,mufaysmuf/ wa,mufaysmufeJ@ aemufqHk;awmh ararwkd@om;trdyJ usefcJhawmh w,f? arar[m avmu"Hw&m;udk yxrqHk; &ifqkdifvkdfuf&jcif;vkd@ ajymjy ygw,f? a&S@aepma&; (tvkyfoifb0)[mazaz&J@ }udK;pm;r_a=umifh tcsdefr=um vkduf ygbl;? azaz[m atmifjrifwJh a&S@aepma&;}uD; wa,mufjzpfvmygw,f? tdrfrSmvnf;tr_onf{nfhonfawG w±kef;±kef;eJ@ arar[mvnf; pma&;}uD;uawmf/ pma&;}uD;u awmfeJ@ jzpfvmygw,f? pD;yGm;uvnf; wufvmygw,f?tdrfrSm v,f,mxGuf ypPnf;awG tv#H y,fjzpfvmygw,f? (qef/ qD/ ajryJ/ ESrf;/ ajymif;zl;/ iSufaysmckdif) pwmawG tdrfrSmrjywfaygrsm;vmygw,f? azaz[m tJ'Dtcsdefup+yD; aiGwkd;ay;wm/ a&$aygifcHwmawGyg vkyfvmygw,f? araruawmh 0ifvmwJhaiGukd aumif;aumif;

53

xdef; odrf;oHk;pGJwm avmufyJ wwfygw,f?

trdrJhom; a&enf;ig;okd@ trdrJhom; a&enf;ig;okd@ trdrJhom; a&enf;ig;okd@ trdrJhom; a&enf;ig;okd@ trdrJhom; a&enf;ig;okd@'Dae@naeawmh azaz[m pum;awG trsm;}uD; ajymygw,f?“iwkwf 'Dae@awmh eifaumif;aumif; pOf;pm;+yD;rS tajzay;(azaz[m aumif;aewJhtcg u|efrukd ‘uav;’vkd@ac: +yD; a'gojzpfwJhtcg

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“[kwfygw,fazaz? orD;pdwfxJrSmvnf; azazwkd@ararwkd@ukd rdbt&if; vkdyJ t+rJpGJrSwfxm;ygw,f? tckjyefrvkdufwmuorD;tvGef0ifcsifwJh wyfxJr0if&rSm pkd;vkd@yg? +yD;awmhazazwkd@ararwkd@ ypPnf;eJ@ ywfouf&ifvnf; orD;eJ@roufqkdifygbl;? rreJ@omtm;vHk;oufqkdifygw,f? rromv#if cHpm;oifhygw,f”

“at; aumif;+yD? eifu tJ'Dvkd jywfawmh iguvnf;jywf&wmaygh? rSwf xm;? ighta=umif; eifodw,f r[kwfvm;? 'DwyfxJ0if+yD;aemuf ightdrfukd jyefvm zkd@ rpOf;pm;eJ@? tdrfay:ukd wufzkd@rqkdxm;eJ@ ightdrf&dyfukdawmif reif;&bl;? vrf;rSm ighukd awG@&ifvnf; tazvkd@rac:eJ@ odvm;? 'gyJ? rSwfxm;? igoGm;r,f”

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azazwkd@ararwkd@ukdyJ rDSckdtm;ukd;+yD; aecJh&wmyg? wyfxJ0ifrSmrkd@ tckvkd pGef@ypfvdkuf+yDqkdawmh u|efrrSm ckdukd;&mrJh/ avmu tv,frSmwaumifºuuf wrsufESm jzpfcJh&ygw,f? tkd æ jzpfvmrSawmh rwwfEkdif ygbl;? ygwD[m igh&J@rdbayghh? wyfxJ&SdwJh &JabmfawGtm;vHk;/jynfolawGtm;vHk;[m igh&J@aqGrsdK;om;csif;awGyJayghvkd@ tm;wif;+yD; pdwfukd ajzvkduf&ygw,f?

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u|efrt&ifa&mufaewJh trsdK;orD;&Jabmfrsm;uawmh ‘tar’vkd@ ac:=u w,f? 'ga=umifh u|efruvnf; tariwfaeoljzpfawmh‘tar’vkd@yJ ESpfESpf+cdKuf+cdKuf ac:rdygw,f? oluvnf; u|efrwkd@ukd awmfawmfcspfcspfcifcif &Sdygw,f? u|efrudk b,fbuf wm0ef,lcsif ovJar;ygw,f? u|efrqENu pnf;±Hk;a&;bufrSm wm0ef,l csifw,fvkd@ ajymawmh “ighorD;u at;vGef;w,f? 'DbufrSmyJ aumif;ygw,f” vkd@ajymygw,f?

u|efr&,f/ *srf;(&Jabmfcifjrifh)&,f ESpfa,muf[m pnf;±Hk;a&;vkdif;bufrSm wm0ef,l&r,fholrsm; jzpfygw,f? wif(&Jabmfwif)uawmhppfa&;bufujzpfvkd@ oifwef;qif;avhusifh+yD; ‘+rdK@odrf;yGJ’awG t}udrf}udrf wkdufyGJ0ifzl;ol jzpfygw,f? wif[m rdef;uav;omqkdayr,fhol@v_yf&Sm;r_awGu oGufvufzswfvwf+yD; a,mufsm;av;eJ@ wlygw,f? aemufwwf ajymifwwf +yD; olu &Jabmfa[mif;jzpfw,f? u|efreJ@*srf;wdk@uawmh wyfom;opfawGjzpfvkd@ wif&J@ oGefoifr_ukd cH,l&ygw,f? olu touft&vnf; enf;enf; }uD;w,f? *srf;uvnf; u|efrxufenf;enf;}uD;+yD; u|efru ti,fqHk; ygyJ?

a':cif}uD;u u|efrwkd@ukd vkyfief;twGufoHk;zkd@ bvmpmtkyf 2 tkyfpD xkwf ay;ygw,f? w&m;a[menf;/ rSwfpkxkwfenf;/

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EkdifiHa&;avhvmenf; tpHkoifay;ygw,f? +rdK@ay:rSm w&m;yGJ&Sdwkdif; u|efrwkd@ vdkuf&ygw,f? acgif;aqmifawG a[mor# rSwfpk vkduf&w,f?aemufae@qkd&if b,ftcsuftvufuaumif;w,f? b,f[mu vkdw,f? tm;vHk; jyefaqG;aEG;&ygw,f? ukd,f[eftrlt&mu tp yg,ygw,f? ae@pOf xrif;pm;+yD; wOD;csif;avhvma&; vkyf&ygw,f? wae@tenf;qHk; 1 -2 em&Dzwf&? rSwf&ygw,f? ±Hk;vkyfief;ukdvnf; ulnDvkyfukdif&ygw,f? pmapmifawG umAGefcH+yD; vufa&;eJ@ yGm;ay;&w,f? u|efreJ@wif 'DESpfa,mufu ae@pOfa&;&ygw,f?

tifrwef ta&;}uD;wJhtcg *srf;yga&;+yD;/ enf;enf;yJvkdtyf&if *srf;u pm zwf ay;&ygw,f? nae xrif;pm;csdefusrS em;+yD;nbufqkd&if ‘awmfvSefa&;oD csif;’awG oifay;/ oDcsif;awGqkd/ u|efrwkd@ ti,fawGu u=ueJ@ aysmfp&m aumif; vSSygw,f? wif[mwcgw&H teufa&mif ,leDazmif;0wf/ a,mufsm;av;vkyf+yD; u|efrukd ol@&nf;pm;jzpfa=umif;/ 'Dn rdef;rckd;vmwmjzpfa=umif; &Dp&mawGajymwa0ga0geJ@ yGJusae wwfygw,f? tdrf&Sif OD;av;}uD;uvnf; olysif;&if wif ukd-

“[-rkd;euf& 'Dn+iddrfvScsnfhvm;? vkyfprf;ygOD;? rif;jyZmwfuav; bmav; u˜prf;ygOD;”tJ'Dvkdajymvmvkd@ wif[m oltysif;xlae&if yg;pyfeJ@yJ vSnfhywf+yD; usrukd p, wwfygw,f?“a[h-=unf æ rif;uawmh pm;aemufus/ oGm;aemufus/ usm;ukdufawmh olrsm;t&if qkdwm rif;yJjzpfrSmyJ”vkd@ajym awmh/

a':cif}uD;u-“[Jh-rdwif&J@ pm;aemufus/ oGm;aemufus/ usm;ukdufawmhvnf; aemufus &rSmaygh? b,fhES,fa=umifh t&ifjzpf&rSmvJ”“[m æ taruvnf; tarhorD;uk d =unf hav? aE S ;wk H @aE S ;wH k @e J @ awm xJoGm;vk d @ usm;awG @&i f

olrsm;awGu‘usm;’a[hqkduwnf;u ajy;=urSm? tarhorD; wa,mufwnf;yJ aES;wHk@aES;wHk@eJ@ usefae&pfcJhrSm? tJawmh usm;u ol@rudkufvkd@b,fol@ t&ifoGm;ukduf &OD;rSmvJ? 'ga=umifh usm;ukdufawmh olrsm;t&ifvkd@ ajymwm”

“tif; æ tif; æ 'Dvkdqkdawmhvnf; [kwfo[Jh”vkd@ajym+yD; 0kdif;&,f=u jyefyga&m? u|efruvnf; u|efrygyJ? tdrfrSm rreJ@ u|efr[mqef@usifbufygyJ? rr u vloGuf/ yg;pyfuvnf; oGufw,f? rr[m olajymcsif&majym+yD; olvkyfcsif&m tukef vkyfw,f? rru bmrqkdjAef;jAef;uGJyg? u|efruawmh v_yf&Sm;r_tm;vHk; aES;yg w,f? tvkyfvkyf&if aphpyf aocsmw,f? araru u|efrukd =unfh+yD;“ighorD;av;[mvltkdaemufus om;usaewmyJ? aES;vkdufwm? ightouf tpdwfywf0ef;usifrSm arG; xm;wmyg”vkd@ c%c% ajymwwfygw,f? 'gayr,fhu|efruawmh tusifh jzpfaeyg+yD?

'DvdkeJ@ u|efrwkd@[m vkyfief;twGuf }udK;pm;avhvm&if; ara';ae@jzpfay: vmyHk? urBmhtrsdK;orD;rsm;ae@jzpfay:vmyHk/ r[matmufwkdbm qkd&S,fvpfawmfvSef a&;ta=umif;/ ±k&Sm;trsdK;orD;rsm; awmfvSefa&;xJ trsdK;om;rsm;eJ@wef;wl yg0if qif E$J=uyHk/b0vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf ukd,fusdK;pGef@+yD; b,fyHk yg0ifqifE$J=uw,f qkdwmawGukd t&ifavhvm &ygw,f? aemuf ukd,fykdifpmtkyfxJrSmvnf;tJ'D ta=umif;t&m awGukd ul;a&;&ygw,f? tJ'DaemufrSm acgif;aqmifjzpfolu a[majym &Sif;vif;jywmawGvnf; &Sdygw,f?

wqufwnf;rSm ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD ay:aygufvmyHk/ vufeufukdif awmfvSefa&;ae@ jzpfay:vm&yHk/ q&mpH v,form;olykefta=umif;/ w±kwfjynfawmf vSefa&;ta=umif; pmtkyfawG/ w±kwfjynfrS trsdK;orD; ol&Jaumif;rsm;ta=umif; pmtkyfawGvnf;zwf&avhvm &ygw,f? wcgw&H nbuf rtdyfcif pum;ajym avh usifhwJhtaeeJ@ ta=umif;t&mwckckukd a&G;ay;+yD; u|efrwkd@ti,fawGuwa,muf wvSnfhpD ajym&ygw,f? tJ'Dvk d tcgrs d K;rSm aysmfvnf; tifrwef aysmfygw,f? pdwfxJ uvnf; wxdwfxdwfeJ@a=umufaewwfygw,f? acgif;aqmifjzpfolu tm;vHk; rSwfxm;+yD; aemufae@ae@vnfrSm b,fae&murSm;w,f/ ajymwm r&Sif;bl; pojzifhaxmufjy jyifckdif;ygw,f? aemufnrSm qufajym&w,f? 'DvkdeJ@ wjznf;jznf; pum; ajym tavhtusifh &vmapygw,f?

w&m;yG Jwk dif;rSmvnf; u|efrwkd@ wuf&ygw,f? aemufusawmh w&m;ra[m cif oDcsif;awG qkday;&w,f? yxqHk;oDcsif;qkd&wJhae@ukdawmh rSwfrSwf&& &SdaeqJyg? ArmjynfvHk;qkdif&m v,form;nDvmcH wESpfajrmuf txdrf;trSwf awma&m+rdK@ygvllxkw&m;yGJ}uD; usif;y&ef nbufrSm w+rdK@vHk; v_H@aqmfa&; w&m;yGJvkyfygw,f? vkyf enf;u 'Dvkdyg? *spfum;wpD;eJ@ c±kdif±Hk;uc±kdifaumfrwDvl}uD; (OD;ausmfnGef@)/ +rdK@e,fu trsdK;orD; acgif;aqmif(rjrifhOD;)/ u|efreJ@ c±kdifu &Jabmf wOD;&,f aygif; 4 a,muf yg,ygw,f?u|efru t&ifqHk; oDcsif;qkd&ygw,f? (oDcsif;qkdwJh tcg OD;ausmfnGef@u wa,mxkd; ygw,f)? 'g+yD;&if c±kdifacgif;aqmif OD;ausmfnGef@uv_H@aqmfa&;w&m; a[mygw,f? +yD;awmh trsdK;orD;acgif;aqmif rjrifhOD;u qufa[mygw,f? aemufae@ vlxk w&m;yGJukd wufa&muf&eftao;pdwf v_H@aqmf=uwmyg?

w+rdK@vHk; &yfuGufwckukd a&muf+yDqkd&if yxrqHk;u wae&mrSm um;ukd&yf/ toHcsJ@pufeJ@ oDcsif;qkd/ w&m;a[m+yD;&ifaemufwae&mukd ajymif;? 'DvkdeJ@ u|efraecJh wJh &yfuGufxJukd a&mufvmyg+yD? u|efrwkd@&yfuGufu r*Fvm&yfuGufyg? um;&yfvkduf wmeJ@w+ydKifeuf uav;awG pk+yHKa&mufvm+yD; “a[h-um;xJrSm rr=unfav;vnf; ygw,fa[h”vkd@ wkd;wkd;wrsdK;/ us,fus,fwrsdK; ajymum wkd;a0S@+yD;vm=unfh=uygw,f? u|efrvnf; &Suf&SufeJ@ tcufawG@ae&ygw,f? c%aeawmh ta':}uD;2-3a,mufyg a&mufvm+yD; u|efrukdE_wfquf=uygw,f?

“[Jh-t=unf wyfxJ a&mufaew,fayghaemf? at; æ aumif;w,f? aumif;w,f? vdrfvdrfrmrm aeaemf”eJ@ tm;ay;=u ygw,f?a[m-oDcsif;qkdzkd@ tcsufjy+yD? a&S@u tawmav;awmif pae+yD? u|efr vnf; &Suf&Sufa=umufa=umufeJ@ pqkdvkdufygw,f?

apmapmu qkdwmavmuf racsm awmhyg? uav;awGuawmh “a[haumif;w,fa[h/ aumif;w,f[”eJ@ajymaewm =um;&rS tm;wufvm+yD;&J&J qkdEkdifygawmhw,f?

at;csrf;om,m jynfcsrf;omat;csrf;om,m jynfcsrf;omat;csrf;om,m jynfcsrf;omat;csrf;om,m jynfcsrf;omat;csrf;om,m jynfcsrf;omtck 'Dtdrfukd a&mufvm+yD;rS xrif;xkyf rpm;&awmhyg? tdrf&Sifu t+rJwrf; au|;aeygw,f? olwkd@uvnf; vlrrsm;?

tdrf&SifZeD;armifESHeJ@ xrif;csuf uav;rav; tyg vl3 a,mufyJ&Sdawmh u|efrwkd@ wae&m ajymif;oGm;rSmukd pkd;&drfae=uygw,f? tJ'Dtcsdefu

55

+rdK@ukd odrf;xm;csdef tm%m&SdaewJh ygwDjzpfvkd@ awmfawmfpef;yGifhygw,f? ygwDu acgif;aqmifawGukd xrif; zdwfau|;wmrsdK;awGvnf; rsm;ygw,f?±kyf&Sif±Hk uvnf; um;opfvJwkdif; arwWmvufaqmif vufrSwfawG &ygw,f? txl;wef; vufrSwfawGyg? yGJ&Sd&ifvnf; pae/ we*FaEGqkd&ifvufrSwfawG a&mufvmwwf ygw,f? tJ'Dtcsdefu +rdK@xJrSm olckd;"m;jyr&Sd? tifrwef at;csrf;om,mvSygw,f? uGefjrLepfukd b,favmufrkef;wJhol jzpfygap 'Dtcsufukdawmh todtrSwf rjyKbJ raeEkdifyg? olwkd@ ukd,fwkdif zGifh[ 0efcHcJh=uygw,f?

xl;jcm;wmu xrif;pm;0kdif;rSm t&ufryg? ygvnf; b,folrS raomuf? aq;vdyfaomufolawmif tifrwef enf;ygw,f?±Hk;tm;csdefrSm zJr±kduf? usm;xdk;wm/ csufpfxkd;wm &Sdw,f? trsdK;orD;awGu tenf;tusOf;avmufyJ wwf=u/ upm; =uw,f? u|efrvnf;csufpfxkd;wm 0goemygw,f? ygwDxJrSm usm;-r, ra&G;/ emrnf a&S@rSm &Jabmfwyfac:ygw,f? (tvHeDuawmh trsdK;orD;ukd &Jarvkd@ ac:ygw,f)?xrif; pm;zdwf&if u|efru rvkdufcsifyg? rwufºuyg?(arar a':cif}uD;u rvkdufrae&) tawG@t}uHK&atmifvkduf/ vl}uD;awGajymwmqkdwm qufqHwm avhvm/ rSwf xm;? tem*wfrSm udk,fvnf; vl}uD;jzpf vmrSm-wJh?

rSefygw,f? u|efr[m pum;ajym &rSm tvGefa=umufygw,f? vlrsm;rsm; eJ@xkdif&rSm pum;ajym&rSm ydka=umufygw,f?“tr,f? uGefjrLepfvkyf+yD; wkdif;jynf tkyfcsKyf rif;vkyfr,hfolu ae&mra&G;/ vlra&G;/ ajymqkdwwf/ qufqHwwf&r,f? t,t}uD;vkd

aevkd@r&bl;? 'Dvkd ajymEkdifatmifvnf; pmrsm;rsm; bwf&r,f? vl}uD;awG ajym&if tav;xm;rSwfom; em,l&r,f”vkd@ t+rJwrf;ynmay;ygw,f?

wu,fygyJ? u|efrwkd@ }uD;vmwJhtcg ajymqkdpnf;±Hk;Ekdifatmif EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr_a&; bufpHk zwf±_avhvm =u&ygw,f?tckxufwkdifatmif ygyJ? arar a':cif}uD;ukd,fwkdifvnf; tifrwef pum;ajymaumif; ygw,f?

opfikwfawGvkd oabmxm;ygw,opfikwfawGvkd oabmxm;ygw,opfikwfawGvkd oabmxm;ygw,opfikwfawGvkd oabmxm;ygw,opfikwfawGvkd oabmxm;ygw,ff ff fu|efrwkd@ w&m;a[m rwwfcif oDcsif;qkd t&if avhusifh&ygw,f? w&m;yGJ tzGifhtydwf/ w&m;yGJ=um&if y&dowfukd xdef;xm;Ekdif&ef

oDcsif;qkd&ygw,f? oDcsif;qkd uawmh awmfawmfav; acsmarm atmifjrifoGm;yg+yD?w&m;a[mwwfatmif ae@wkdif; avhusifh&ygw,f? wcgw&H tdrfaemufaz; 0g;awmxJoGm;+yD; atmf[pfavhusifh? nrSm

ukd,feJ@twlaewJh &JabmfawGt=um; a[m ajym &ygw,f? olwkd@uvnf; vkdtyfr_awGukd a0zeft}uHay;=uygw,f? 'Dt}uHay; csufrsm;ukdrSwfom;em,l+yD; xyfrHavhusifh=uygw,f?

'Dvkd avhusifhay;wJhtcg olwkd@tawG@t}uHKawGxJu wqifh jyefajymjyyg w,f? &,fp&m aumif;ygw,f? jzpfyHku 'Dvkdyg? w&m;a[mavhusifhay;wJhtcg acgif;aqmifvkyfolu vlra=umufatmif “ukd,fha&S@rSm&SdaewJh vlawGukd r=unfheJ@? tukefvHk; opfikwfawGvkdoabmxm;&r,f? ukd,fajymp&m&Sdwm ajym&r,f” vkd@ oifay;ygw,f? nusawmh w&m;yGJrSm tJ'D &Jabmfu ckvkdajym+yD; a[m vkdufygowJh?“rdbjynfolrsm;cifAsm; tm;vHk;ukd opfikwfawGvkdyJ oabmxm; yg w,f”vkd@ajymcs vdkufzl;w,fwJh?

tJ'Dvkd tvGJvGJtacsmfacsmf jzpfcJh&wmawG wyHkwacgif;}uD; &SdcJhw,fvkd@ u|efrwkd@ukd w&m;a[mwwfatmif oifay;wJhacgif;aqmifawGu jyefvnfajymjywm awGukd owd&aerdygw,f?

jynfol@om;orD;awG jynfol@om;orD;awG jynfol@om;orD;awG jynfol@om;orD;awG jynfol@om;orD;awGysOf;rem;aps;[m ae@wkdif;aps; jzpfygw,f? 'gayr,fh ae@pOf'Dae@[m bmaps; ae@ (v,fa0;aps;/ vrf;ysOf;rem;aps;/ &Gmaumufaps;

pojzifh) tac:&Sdygw,f? aemuf qHk; aps;ae@ukd “aps;}uD;”vkd@ac:ygw,f? tJ'Daps;}uD;ae@[m vlvnf; tvGefpnf ygw,f? awma&m +rdK@ygvm=uwmrkd@ ta&mif;t0,fvnf; aumif;ygw,f? 'Dvkd aps;}uD;ae@rSm u|efrwkd@ ygwDu aps;xJrSm(jcif;=um;}uD;wvHk;ukd 2 a,mufwwGJqGJ+yD;) tvªcH&ygw,f? “enf;rsm;rqkd o'<gwwftm;oa&G@ vª=uyg”vkd@ trsdK;orD; acgif; aqmifawGu atmfvHawGeJ@ atmf+yD;w&m;a[m=uygw,f? txufrSm ajymcJhovkd u|efrwkd@ti,fawGu 2 a,mufwwGJ jcif;=um;}uD; awGukdqGJ+yD; vkduf&ygw,f? aps;}uD;u}uD;awmh tuGufcs wm0efcGJ+yD; tvªcH&ygw,f? “tzdESdyfcHjynfolawG twGuf wkdufyGJ0ifaewJh uGefjrLepf wyfom;awGyg? vc wjym;rSr&SdbJrdbjynfol awGu ay;vªwmukd pm;+yD;tvkyfvkyf ae=uwmyg”vkd@ ajymwmukd oabmayguf+yD; “oem;vkdufwm[,f? igwkd@omqkd&if vkyfEkdifrSmr[kwfbl;”vkd@ yg;pyfuvnf;ajym vufuvnf; txkyfawGukd aumif; aumif; xkyf+yD; tvªcHjcif;}uD;xJukd xnfh=uw,f?

wcsdK@u|efreJ@ cifwJhodwJh ta':awG u“a=omf-t=unfa& æ 'DtvªcHvkd@ &wmawGukd b,fvkdvkyf+yD; pm;=uovJ”vkd@ar;wwfygw,f? u|efruvnf; “a=omf-a':a':&,f tck tvªcHvkd@&wJh ypPnf;tm;vHk;ukd &duQmrª;xH tyf&ygw,f? naeqkd [if;aumif;aygh?tom;qDjyefcsuf+yD; acgif;aqmifa&m &JabmfawGyg yHkpHeJ@ wa,muf ESpfwHk;qkd ESpfwHk;pDyJ? wcgw&H ta=umif;a=umif;a=umifh enf;enf;yg;yg;ykdae&ifvnf; aeraumif;wJhvl? 'grSr[kwfuv;? uav;r&Sd&if ti,fqHk;&Jabmfukd ykday;wmaygh? ae@vnfusawmh rkef@[if;cg;wkd@/ wkd@[l;wkd@ukdokwf+yD; yHkpHus enf;enf;pD a0ay;wmaygh? acgif;aqmifawGu rw&m;vkyfwm tcGifh ta&; ykd,lwm r&Sdbl;? tm;vHk;wef;wlygyJ”

“a=omf æ a=omf æ aumif;w,f? aumif;w,f? aysmfp&m}uD;yJaemf”bma&mif;a&mif; u|efrwkd@u tvªcHwmygyJ? eEGif;a&mif;&if eEGif;tvªcH vkdufw,f? i±kwfoD;r_ef@utp [if;oD;[if; &GuftqHk;

tm;vHk;tvªcHwmygyJ?wcsdK@tenf;pk? tifrwef@tenf;wumh tenf;pkuawmh oabmrayguf? rvªcsifbl;? aqmifhaqmifh atmifhatmifheJ@ xnfhw,f?

'grsdK;awGukdvnf; u|efrwkd@u rodcsifa,mifaqmif+yD; quf+yD;tvªcHwmygyJ? tdrf(rdrdpcef;) a&muf&if acgif;aqmif awGukd tusdK; ta=umif;jyefajymjyw,f? aemufwywfaps;ae@ w&m;a[mwJhtcg-

“wcsdK@tpfr}uD;awG/ ta':awGu oabmrayguf=ubl;? u|efrwkd@ &Jabmf awG aumif;&maumif;a=umif; tvªcHpm;wmukd

56

rvªcsif=uwmrsdK; &Sdaew,f? aoao csmcsm jyef+yD;pOf;pm;=uygOD;? jynfolawG&J@ b0pnf;pdrftkd;tdrfawGukd at;csrf;atmif/ vHk+cHKatmifapmifha&SmufumuG,fay;aewJh 'D&JabmfawGukd jynfolawGurS rulnD r apmifha&Sufzl;qkd&if b,folawGu ulnDapmifha&SmufrSmvJ? tm;vHk;yJpOf;pm;=uyg OD;” vkd@vnf; w&m;a[mvkdufa&m aps;onf ta':}uD;awGu wa,mufwaygufeJ@ 0kdif;ajymvkdfuf=uwm pHkvkd@? waps;vHk;qlnHoGm;awmh wmygyJ?

“tHHHhyg&J@awmf? ukd,fa&mif;wJh ypPnf;tm;vHk;ukd vªvkduf&wmvnf;r[kwf? enf;enf;yg;yg;avmuf vª&wmukdrsm;”“[kwfyghawmf? b,fvkdvlpm;rsdK;awGrsm; aps;xJaps;vma&mif;aeovJ rod bl;? 'gavmuf +rdK@jyom,m +idrf;csrf;atmif vkyfay;aewJh

vlawGukd ro'<gbl;qkd&if b,fvkdvlrsdK;ukd 'if;wkd@u o'<grSmvJ? w,fav igajymvkduf&awmh raumif;bl;-[if; æ [if;”“tkd æ at-±_yfygw,f? tJ'Dvkdvl[m b,folvJ qkdwmukdom vufn‡Kd; xkd;jy vkdufprf;yg? usKyfwdk@bmom usKyfwkd@

qHk;rvkdufprf;yghr,f”“r[kwfygbl;-a':a':&,f? pdwfrpkd;ygeJ@? vlqkdwm oabmraygufcif 'DvkdyJ jzpfwwfygw,f? oabmaygufatmif ajymzkd@u

u|efrwkd@wm0efyg”“tr,fav; æ tJ'Davmuf}uD; pdwfr&Snfprf;ygeJ@? pdwf&Snfvkduf=uwm? usKyfwkd@uawmh &Sif;&Sif;yJ? 'gavmuf pdwfr&Snf Edkifawmhbl;”trsdK;orD;acgif;aqmifu at;at;aq;aq; quf+yD;&Sif;jyaewmeJ@ ta': }uD;awGuvnf; +iddrfusoGm;ygw,f? aemuf aps;usawmh/

[kd-ta':}uD;[m oabm aygufoGm;wmvm;? 'grSr[kwf a=umufoGm;wmvm;? bm&,fvkd@awmh twdtus rod? +yHK;+yHK;&$if&$if jzpfvmwmawG@&w,f?

tpwkef;u u|efr[m 'Dvkd aps;xJrSm av#muftvªcHae&wmukd odyf&Suf wmyJ? w+rdK@vHk;uvnf; rodwJhol r&Sdo avmufygyJ?todawG oli,fcsif;awGeJ@ awG@&if ykd&Sufygw,f? aemufawmh pOf;pm;rdygw,f? “'Dvkdvkyf&wm &Sufp&mvm;? tkd-igbmvkd@ &Suf&rSmvJ?raumif;wmvkyfwmrS r[kwfbJ? 'g[m &Sufp&mr[kwf bl;”vkd@ ukd,fhukd,fukd,f tm;ay;w,f? aemuf ykkdif;rSm &Sufwm r&Sdawmhbl;? aemifrSmtom;usvmawmh aysmfp&mawmif aumif;ao;w,f? aps;jcif;u wtm;av;vm&if usefwJh &JabmfawGu vmulnD+yD; qGJoGm;ygw,f?wcgw&H w&m;a[maewJh acgif; aqmifu vmulnD+yD; qGJ,loGm;ygw,f? u|efrwkd@[m tcsif;csif; tifrwef =uifem =uygw,f? tpm;taomufpm;&ifvnf; 'DvkdygyJ? tifrwef pdwfcsrf;om&ygw,f?

aps;xJu vlawGtm;vHk;eJ@ u|efrwkd@vnf; &if;ESD;oGm;+yD; tjyeftvSef em;vnfr_ &Sdvm=uygw,f? wcgw&H aps;onfawGvufrvnfavmufatmif odyf a&mif;aumif;ae&if tvkdufodpGm a&Smifay;cJhygw,f? tJvkdtcgrSm-

“ath æ &Jabmfrav;awGa& roGm;ygeJ@av? vmav? vmyg? ,loGm;yg”vkd@ atmfac:+yD; ay;aewwfygw,f?'Dtcg u|efrwkd@u-“jznf;jznf;a&mif;yga':a':? c%aerS u|efrwkd@ wacguf vmygOD;r,f”vkd@ jyefajymcJh+yD;/ c%aeavmuf wacguf jyefoGm;&if olwkd@u

rsmrsm;pm;pm; ykdxkyfxm;wJh txkyfawGukd xnfhay;wwf=uygw,f?aps;ae@wkdif; ae@vnf wem&DcGJ/ ESpfem&Davmufqkd&if tvªcHwJhudpPu +yD;oGm; yg+yD? aemufu &JabmfawG vkdufvm+yD; jynhfarmufaewJh

tvªcHjcif;awmif;rsm;ukd aps;jyif xkwfwm/ jrif;vSnf;ay:wifwmtm;vHk; &JabmfawGu wm0ef,l=uw,f? u|efrwkd@u tvªcHjcif;awmif;awGukd&JabmfawGvufxJ tyfvkduf+yD;&if vlpk+yD; trsdK; orD;wokduf tdrfjyef=uygw,f?

arar}uD;om &Sd&ifawmharar}uD;om &Sd&ifawmharar}uD;om &Sd&ifawmharar}uD;om &Sd&ifawmharar}uD;om &Sd&ifawmhu|efru aps;xJtvªcHxGuf/ yGJvrf;obif ±kyf&Sifrsm;vnf; trsdK;orD; acgif; aqmifrsm;tyg usef&Jabmf ti,fav;awGyg tkyfvkduf/

tzGJ@vkduf oGm;vkduf vmvkduf vkyfaewm awG@awmh t&yfxJu cifrifwJh ta':wcsdK@u-“t=unfa& æ nnf;ukd awG@&wm wkd@u0rf;om;ygw,f æ at æ nnf; tar}uD;om &Sdae&ifawmh nnf;tckvkd wyfxJa&mufcsifrS

a&mufrSm”vkd@ ajymwwf =uygw,f?tJ'Dvkd olwkd@uajymvmwkdif; u|efryg;pyfu toHxGufrvmayr,fh pdwfxJ uawmh æ“tkd æ u|efrtar}uD;om &SdcJh&if 'DwyfxJukd tapm}uD;xJu u|efr a&mufrSm aocsmygw,f? arar}uD;[m EkdifiHa&;ukd

tvGefpdwf0ifpm;ygw,f? tckvkd tzdESdyfcH vlwef;pm;awG b0vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf wkdufyGJ0ifaewJh ygwD jzpfw,f qkdwmod&if ol@ajr;av;ukdoludk,fwkdif wyfxJukd ykd@ay;rSm aocsmygw,f”vkd@ t+rJyJ jyefajymae rdw,f?

u|efrwyfxJukd a&mufvmawmh arar}uD;ukd ykd+yD; vGrf;w,f? ykdowd& rd w,f? vGrf;p&m/ owd&p&mawGuvnf; &Sdaeygw,f?arar a':cif}uD;&J@ rdcifvm&if olwkd@rdom;pkomru u|efrwkd@ &JabmfawG tm;vHk;yg aysmf=uygw,f? tm;vHk;uvnf; ‘tar’vkd@yJ

ac:=uw,f? tarhem;rSm 0kdif;+yD; pm;p&m&Sdwm 0dkif;pm;=u? pyfrdpyf&m pum;awG ajym=ueJ@ araruvnf; tm;vHk;ukd apwemo'<gw&m;xufoefw,f? tm;vHk;twGuf [if;csufp&m(tom;) vnf; ygw,f? (ig;ykZGef)vnf; ygao;w,f? qD/ qef/ =uufoGef/ tar$;t}udKifutptpHkyg w,f? rkef@yJoa&pm(yJavSmf/ }uHoum/ aumufn‡if;xkyf/ ta=umf) tpHkygw,f? awmif}uD;awmif;i,feJ@ v,fa0;u vm&w,f?c&D;u reD;yg? 'gayr,fh orD;eJ@ajr;ukd tvGrf;ajy c%c% vmw,f? usefwJh &JabmfawG&J@ tdrfawGuvnf; 'DvkdyJ? ukd,fh om;orD;awGukdvmawG@=uw,f? wwftm;oa&G@ enf;rsm;rqkd yg=uw,f? ukd,fh&Sd wmolau|;? ol@&Sdvnf; ukd,fpm;? wrdwnf; om;awGvkd ae=uw,f?aysmfp&m}uD;yg?

wcgrS rvmwm/ vmrawG@wmuawmh u|efrwa,mufwnf; &Sdygw,f? “atmfæ arar}uD;om &SdcJh&if/ [kd-v,fa0; ‘tar’vkdyJc%c% ajy;vmrSm? pm;p&mawG wyHk}uD;eJ@? a&xGufrwwf vmae&SmrSm”vkd@ pOf;pmrd+yD; b,folrS rod atmif }udwf+yD; c%c% rsuf&nf

57

usrdw,f? u|efr tdrfta=umif;ukd od+yD;jzpfwJh oli,fcsif;awGu u|efr,rodrfi,f&atmif 0kdif;0ef;tm;ay; ajzodrfh=uygw,f? “=unfa& æukd,fwkd@ rdb[mvnf; rif;&J@rdbygyJ? bmrS tm;ri,fygeJ@? rif;rSm rdbawG aqGrsdK;om;csif;awG rsm;vkdufwm? nDtpfukd armifESpfrawGvnf;rsm;rS rsm;”wJh? “[kwfygw,f? jynfolw&yfvHk;[m u|efr&J@ rdbaqGrsdK; om;csif;awGyJ? rsm;rSrsm;? bmrS tm;i,fp&m r&Sdygbl;? rdcifygwD&Sdaeoa&G@aygh”

rdcifygwD&Sd&m aygif;pnf;umrdcifygwD&Sd&m aygif;pnf;umrdcifygwD&Sd&m aygif;pnf;umrdcifygwD&Sd&m aygif;pnf;umrdcifygwD&Sd&m aygif;pnf;umu|efrwkd@[m 'kwd,tdrfrSm 3 vausmfavmufaecJh+yD;“ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,f/ ygwD±Hk;pkduf&m/ ysOf;rem;+rdK@taemufbuf 3 rkdiftuGmrSm&SdwJh

“jyefuajy;&Gm”ukd ajymif; vmcJh&w,f? 'D&Gmu tdrfajc 1000 ausmf&Sd+yD; txufwef;ausmif; vnf;&Sdw,f? csrf;omwJh vlrsm;w,f? ygwDukdaxmufcHwJhvlvnf; rsm;ygw,f? vli,fawG awmfawmf rsm;rsm; u|efrwkd@wyfxJrSm &Sdygw,f? &Gmu vli,ftrsdK;om; trsdK;orD; awGrsm;+yD;pnf;vH k ;r _vnf; aumif;ygw,f? ygwDuvnf; ' D& Gmr Sm jynfol @tky fcs Ky f a&;tzG J @ / awmifolv,form;or*~ pwmawG/jynfol@ppftzGJ@(ESpfrsdK;&Sdygw,f? wrsdK; u vufeufudkif jynfol@ppf? usefwrsdK;u vufeufrukdifwJh ±kd;±kd;jynfol@ppf)pwJh tzGJ@tpnf;awGtm;vHk;zGJ@ay;xm;+yD;om;yg? 'D&GmrSm aps;vnf; &Sdygw,f? aps;uvnf; pnfygw,f? (ysOf;rem;/ v,fa0;/ vrf;ysOf;rem;pwJh+rdK@awGrS ukefonfawGawmfawmf rsm;rsm; vma&mif;=uygw,f? v,fa0; qkdwmuvnf; +rdK@e,fav;yg? vrf;ysOf;rem;eJ@ ykdeD;ygw,f? ysOf;rem;eJ@ v,fa0;u waeukefum;&Sdygw,f? um;cu wusyf ygyJ?) &GmxJu ysOfaxmiftdrf}uD;wvHk;rSm ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,f ygwD±Hk; ±Hk;pkdufxm;ygw,f? (tdrf&Sif jzpfwJh ajr&Sif}uD;u&efukefukd xGufajy;oGm;yg+yD?) 'D±Hk;rSm +rdK@e,ftrsdK;orD;or*~±Hk;/ +rdK@e,fuGefjrLepf vli,f±Hk;awGyg aygif;pnf;+yD; vmzGifhxm;ygw,f? t"du±Hk;}uD;uawmh ygwD±Hk;jzpf+yD; zkdifwGJawG/ pm&Gufpmwrf;awG/ ±Hk;eJ@qkdifwJh ypPnf;ud&d,mawG tpHktvif &Sdygw,f? (,m,D) ±Hk;tkyf xm;ygw,f?trsdK;orD;or*~eJ@ uGefjrLepfvli,f±Hk;/ 'D±Hk;awG uawmh pm;yGJwvHk;pDavmufeJ@ ukvm;xkdifawG oifhawmfpGm&Sdaeayr,fh tjcm;vkdtyf wJh±Hk;ypPnf;rsm;ukdawmh ygwD±Hk;ukd rSDckd& ygw,f?

'DrSm “bHk&dyfompepf”eJ@ aexkdif=uygw,f? reuf 5em&D tdyf,mx? c&m r_wf&if tm;vHk;wef;pD? opPm 4 csufqkd/ t"dÏmefjyK?wef;jzKwf? +yD;rS vkyfp&m&Sdwmrsm; vkyf&ygw,f? reuf *em&D ±Hk;wuf? reuf 11 em&D ±Hk;qif;? nae 1em&D ±Hk;jyefwuf/ nae 4 em&D±Hk;qif;?xrif;pm;? n 9em&D tdyfcsdef? pum;rajym&?

u|efrwkd@±Hk;u trsdK;orD;&Jabmfrsm;w,f? ntdyfwJhtcg tdrftay:xyf&Sd tcef;us,f}uD; 2 cef;rSm tm;vHk;tcef;jynfh tdyf=uygw,f?=urf;ay:rSm wajy;wnf; tdyf&mcif;/ ol@jcifaxmif ukd,fhjcifaxmif wef;pDaxmifxm;+yD; tdyf=u&w,f? pmzwf olu zwf? pum;ajymoluajym? tdyfcsdefc&moH=um;rS rD;cGufr_wf=u? tdyf=uw,f?

&JabmfawGuvnf; tdrfacgif;&if;cef; =urf;jyifay:rSm wef;pDtdyf=uw,f?rD;zkdcef;xJrSmvnf; &Jabmf 2-3 a,muf tdyf=uygw,f?

acgif;aqmifi,fom; rcGJjcm;yJ wef;wl&nfwlcspf=unfjzLacgif;aqmifi,fom; rcGJjcm;yJ wef;wl&nfwlcspf=unfjzLacgif;aqmifi,fom; rcGJjcm;yJ wef;wl&nfwlcspf=unfjzLacgif;aqmifi,fom; rcGJjcm;yJ wef;wl&nfwlcspf=unfjzLacgif;aqmifi,fom; rcGJjcm;yJ wef;wl&nfwlcspf=unfjzL'D+rdK@e,f ygwD±Hk;rSm trsdK;om;xJu acgif;aqmifqkd&if Akdvf0if;aqG (+rdK@e,f ygwDaumfrwD/ twGif;a&;rª;)/ trsdK;orD; acgif;aqmifESpfOD;

arara':cif}uD;eJ@/ rrjrifh (a':jrifhOD;)wkd@ jzpfygw,f? Akdvf0if;aqGu +rdK@odrf;yGJwkef;u wyfeJ@twlygwJh AdkvfyJ? +rdK@e,fygwDaumfrwD tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifawmh emrnfajymif;xm;w,f? &Jabmf wifaiGwJh? tm;vHk;[m cspfcif&if;ESD;pGm &JabmfpdwftjynfheJ@ tjyeftvSef cspfcifav;pm;/ tjyeftvSef ulnD=uw,f?

'Dpdwf"mwfukd “bHk&dyfom tpnf;ta0;”vkyfwkdif; csjyw,f? aqG;aEG;w,f? tm;enf;csuf &SdolawG a0zefwm cH&w,f?bufpHkaumif;wJh &JabmfawGukd csD;usL;ay; w,f? u|efreJ@ *srf;[m tpnf;ta0; vkyf&if odyfrjrif&wJh ae&mrSm xkdif=uw,f? tpnf;ta0;ukdodyfa=umufwmyJ? (udk,fvnf; tjypfwif rcH&atmif aew,f?) tm;enf;csuf&SdwJh ol[m ukd,fhtrSm;udk,f0efcH? jyKjyif&w,f? rjyifEkdif&ifaemuf w}udrfxyf+yD; a0zefwmcH&w,f? rdaygif;om;pHkqkdawmh pdwf"mwftrsdK;rsdK;/ tusifh"avh trsdK;rsdK;/ &duQmrª;rodatmif tom;[if;ukdykd,lwm? rkef@awG,lpm;ypfwm? jy\em tpHk&Sdw,f? 'Djy\emawGukd wckpD wckpD &Sif;um aemufqHk;usawmh &,f&,farmarm eJ@tpnf;ta0;+yD;oGm;w,f? 'Dvkdjzpfwm trsm;pkuawmh &JabmfopfawGygyJ? bHk&dyf om&J@ pnf;urf;twkdif; rvkyfbJ/ tdrfrSmaeovkdusifhoHk;=uvkd@yg? wjznf;jznf;awmh tavhtusifh &oGm;=uw,f?

tem*wf[m vli,fawG&J@ vufxJrSm &Sdw,f? vli,fawG[m tem*wfrSm acgif;aqmifjzpfEkdifw,f? vli,fhtm;[m tem*wfukdykdifw,f? 'ga=umifhvli,fawG[m ynmwwf±HkeJ@ r+yD;ao;? vli,fawG[m rdrdukd,fusdK;ukd pGef@y,f&r,f? t&m&mrSm trsm;tusdK;twGufaqmif&Guf&r,f? ukd,fusifhw&m; aumif;&r,f? 'gawGukd u|efr wkd@em;xJrSm tpOft+rJ =um;ae&+yD; trsm;tusdK;twGuf vkyfcsifukdifpdwfawGukdtpOf t+rJ aygufzGm;apcJhw,f?

vufwGJvkd@om nDnDcsD vSrf;=uygpkkd@twnfvufwGJvkd@om nDnDcsD vSrf;=uygpkkd@twnfvufwGJvkd@om nDnDcsD vSrf;=uygpkkd@twnfvufwGJvkd@om nDnDcsD vSrf;=uygpkkd@twnfvufwGJvkd@om nDnDcsD vSrf;=uygpkkd@twnf+rdK@e,f EkdifiHa&;oifwef;ausmif;}uD; yxrqHk;t}udrfzGifh+yD; u|efrwkd@ +rdK@e,f ygwD±Hk;u 6 a,muf wufcGifh&ygw,f? trsdK;om; 4

a,muf/ trsdK;orD; 2 a,muf (u|efreJ@ *srf;) wkd@yg? c±kdifu oabmwla=umif; jyef=um;csuf rae@u naerSm a&muf vmvkd@ u|efrwkd@ausmif;om; 6 a,mufvHk;ukd ac:aqG;aEG; today;vkd@ 0rf;om vkdufwm ajymrjywwfavmufatmif ygyJ? wbufuvnf; a=umufaerdw,f?(oif wef;oGm;+yD; oifwef;wGif; pmar;yGJawG atmif,atmif rajzEkdifrSmukd awG;a=umuf aewmyg?)

58

'geJ@ 'Dae@reufpm pm;+yD; u|efrwkd@oifwef;om; 6 a,muf[m &duQmaiG wvpmeJ@ t0wftpm;/ tdyf&mvdyf tjynfhtpHk,l+yD;oifwef;ausmif;ukd oGm;& ygw,f? &JabmfawG tm;vHk;ukd E_wfquf+yD; ‘bHk&dyfompcef;’u xGufzkd@jyifawmh pcef;&Sd &Jabmf tm;vHk; vl20avmufu qlqlnHnH aysmfaysmfyg;yg;eJ@ ausmif;ukd vkdufykd@ =uygw,f? ausmif;vkdufykd@+yD; jyefcgeD;awmh olwkd@ tm;vHk;u “ausmif;rSm aumif;aumif; avhvmcJhaemf? oifwef;u ykd@cswmawGukd tm;vHk;rSwfrdatmif vkyfcJhaemf? jyefvm&if tukef jyeffajym&r,fvkd@ wa,mufwaygufajym=u&if;eJ@ E_wfquf jyef oGm;=uw,f? a=omf æ igwkd@&JabmfawG? vlwef;pm; nDtpfudkd armifESpfrawG ygvm; vkd@ cHpm;rdygw,f?

tarSmifxkukd y,fcGif;r,fh =u,feDay:vm+yDtarSmifxkukd y,fcGif;r,fh =u,feDay:vm+yDtarSmifxkukd y,fcGif;r,fh =u,feDay:vm+yDtarSmifxkukd y,fcGif;r,fh =u,feDay:vm+yDtarSmifxkukd y,fcGif;r,fh =u,feDay:vm+yDausmif;rSm a&mufcgpu wa,mufeJ@wa,muf cifrif&if;ESD;r_ r&Sdao; awmh ukd,fhvmcJholtcsif;csif; ajymqkdqufqH aexkdif&wmrkd@

ysif;p&mvkdvkd jzpfaecJhao;w,f? aemuf 2-3 &ufavmuf &SdoGm;awmhrS tm;vHk;od&Sd cifcifrifrifjzpfoGm;=uvkd@ aysmfaysmf yg;yg; jzpfvmygawmhw,f?

tpkd;&tqufqufu “&rnf;oifc±kdif”jzpfayr,fh u|efrwkd@ awmfvSefa&; tpkd;&uawmh “ysOf;rem;c±kdif”vkd@ owfrSwfoHk;pGJygw,f?ysOf;rem;c±kdiftwGif;rSm “A[kd tajccH pcef;XmecsKyf”&Sd+yD; ygwDA[kdtwGuf awmfawmftaxmuftul jyKEkdifcJh w,fvkd@ ygwDA[kdrStodtrSwfjyKjcif;cHcJh&zl;wmukd jyefvnfowd&aeygao;w,f? vufeuf ukdif awmfvSefa&; pwifcJhwJhtcsdefu p+yD; A[kdpcef;}uD;ESpfck[mysOf;rem;c±kdiftwGif; tv,f±kd;r(yJcl;±kd;r)teD;u ‘v,fwm}uD;’‘0ufykwf’‘bk&m;awmif’‘ykdwuf’ tp&Sd wJh &GmawGtem;rSmyJ vSnfh+yD;±kH;pkdufcJhw,f?

tJ'Dwkef;u u|efrwkd@ awmfvSefa&;tpkd;&(jynfol@tpkd;&)u ysOf;rem;c±kdifukd atmufyg+rdK@e,f (6)ckeJ@ zGJ@pnf;xm;cJh wmyg?(1)ysOf;rem;+rdK @e,f (2)v,fa0;+rdK @e,f (3)vrf;ysOf;rem;+rdK @e,f (4)usnfawmifuef+rd K @e,f (5)aysmfbG,+frd K @e,f (6)&rnf;oif;+rdK@e,fwkd@jzpfygw,f? tckoifwef;ukd vmwuf=uwJh ausmif;om;awG[m tJ'D +rdK@e,ftoD;oD;u vufa&G;pOf &JabmfawGukdoifwef;vmwufckdif;vkdufwmyg? oif wef;om;aygif;(40-50)avmuf &Sdygw,f? (twdtus rrSwfrdawmhyg?)

oifwef;wufcsdef[m ±Hk;wufcsdeffeJh twlwlygyJ? eHeuf 8 rS 11 em&dtxd/ nae 1 rS 4 em&Dtxd wuf&+yD; nbufrSm tzGJ@vkdufjyefvnfaqG;aEG;&ygw,f?

ausmif;pnf;urf;uvnf; wif;usyfygw,f? &Jabmftm;vHk;uvnf; ukd,f ykdif todeJ@ pnf;urf;ukd aumif;pGmvkdufem =uygw,f?

qkd&S,fvpf+ydKifqkdifr_qkd&S,fvpf+ydKifqkdifr_qkd&S,fvpf+ydKifqkdifr_qkd&S,fvpf+ydKifqkdifr_qkd&S,fvpf+ydKifqkdifr_oifwef;tprS tqHk;txd oifwef;om;awG[m-avhvma&;bufrSm/ pnf;urf;vdkufemr_bufrSm/ qufqHa&;bufrSm/ tjyeftvSefulnDr_pwJh bufaygif;pHkrSm remvkd0efwkdwJh/

oabmxm;ao;odrfwJh/ pdwf "mwfrsdK;eJ@ r[kwfbJ/ rSefuefwJh wufºuwJh/ jrifhjrwfwJhpdwf"mwftjynfheJ@ +ydKifqkdif =uwJh “qkd&S,fvpf+ydKifqkdifr_”tzGJ@vkduf &Sdygw,f?

ausmif;rSm oifwef;rª;u &JabmfwifaiG(Akdvf0if;aqG)yJ jzpf+yD; ol[m qufqH a&; tvGefaumif;ol wa,mufrkd@ trsdK;om;/ trsdK;orD;}uD;i,fra&G; ol@ukd cifrif=u w,f? ol@&J@ xl;jcm;csufu tpOft+rJ +yHK;aewwfygw,f? aexkdifr_rSmvnf; oef@&Sif; oyf&yf+yD; wnf=unfw,f?

(&JabmfwifaiG&J@ ZmwdrSm awmifilta&S@buf Z&yf}uD;-uifrGef;csHK&Gm jzpfyg w,f? 'D&GmawG[m &Gm}uD;awGjzpf+yD; zcifArm/rdcifytkd@0ftrsdK;orD;wkd@rS arG;zGm; vmwJh ytkd@0fArm ujym;jzpfygw,f? 1950ckESpfrSm ygwDu &Srf;jynfokd@ wm0efay; tyf vkduf&mrSaemufykdif;&Srf;jynf awmifykdif;c±kdif c±kdifaumfrwDwOD; jzpfvmum ppfa&; bufrSm wm0efus+yD; Akdvfrª;0if;aqGtjzpf xif&Sm;vmcJhw,f?1959ckESpf/ &Srf;jynf awmifykdif;c±kdifukd &efolu xkd;ppfqifvm&m xkd;ppfukdwGef;vSefckcH&if; usqHk;oGm;wJh tmZmenf&JabmfwOD;yg?)

oifwef;u pyg+yD? p,pjcif; uGefjrLepfwyfom;wkdif; em;vnfxm;&r,fh tajccH tcsufrsm;jzpfwJh Armjynfvl@tzGJArmjynfvl@tzGJArmjynfvl@tzGJArmjynfvl@tzGJArmjynfvl@tzGJ@ tpnf;vuQ%m/tpnf;vuQ%m/tpnf;vuQ%m/tpnf;vuQ%m/tpnf;vuQ%m/rdrdwkd@ csDwuf&r,fh vrf;a=umif;/ &efol-rdwfaqG/ &nfrSef;csufyef;wkdif/ vuf&SdqifE$Jaeonfh awmfvSefa&; trsdK;tpm; rdrdwkd@ csDwuf&r,fh vrf;a=umif;/ &efol-rdwfaqG/ &nfrSef;csufyef;wkdif/ vuf&SdqifE$Jaeonfh awmfvSefa&; trsdK;tpm; rdrdwkd@ csDwuf&r,fh vrf;a=umif;/ &efol-rdwfaqG/ &nfrSef;csufyef;wkdif/ vuf&SdqifE$Jaeonfh awmfvSefa&; trsdK;tpm; rdrdwkd@ csDwuf&r,fh vrf;a=umif;/ &efol-rdwfaqG/ &nfrSef;csufyef;wkdif/ vuf&SdqifE$Jaeonfh awmfvSefa&; trsdK;tpm; rdrdwkd@ csDwuf&r,fh vrf;a=umif;/ &efol-rdwfaqG/ &nfrSef;csufyef;wkdif/ vuf&SdqifE$Jaeonfh awmfvSefa&; trsdK;tpm; ponfwkd@yg0ifwJh “vrf;pOf”“vrf;pOf”“vrf;pOf”“vrf;pOf”“vrf;pOf”ukd od&Sdem;vnfatmif avhvm=u&w,f? 'ga=umifh“ygwD&J@ tajccH0g' eJ@vrf;pOf”“ygwD&J@ tajccH0g' eJ@vrf;pOf”“ygwD&J@ tajccH0g' eJ@vrf;pOf”“ygwD&J@ tajccH0g' eJ@vrf;pOf”“ygwD&J@ tajccH0g' eJ@vrf;pOf”ukd tao;pdwf&Sif;jy aqG;aEG;+yD;oifwef;rSm ykd@csygw,f?

·1948ckESpf-tajccH0g'eJ@ vrf;pOf1948ckESpf-tajccH0g'eJ@ vrf;pOf1948ckESpf-tajccH0g'eJ@ vrf;pOf1948ckESpf-tajccH0g'eJ@ vrf;pOf1948ckESpf-tajccH0g'eJ@ vrf;pOf1948/ rwfv 28 &ufae@rSm zqyvtpkd;&u ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDukd ppfra=unmbJ rw&m; zrf;qD;ESdyfuGyfcJ hvkd@

ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD awmck dcJ h&w,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSm ygwDtaeESif h t=urf;zufES dyfuGyfvmwJh zqtpkd;&ukd b,fvkd wkH @ jyefwkdufckduf=urvJqkdwmukd ygwDA[kdaumfrwDtwGif; aqG;aEG;&m vrf;pOft& wkduffyGJGJjyif;xefcJh&w,f?

·····vrf;pOfwcku oydwfpHkolykefxvrf;pOf oydwfpHkolykefxvrf;pOf oydwfpHkolykefxvrf;pOf oydwfpHkolykefxvrf;pOf oydwfpHkolykefxvrf;pOf? 'Dvrf;pOfukd &Jabmf *kd&S,fu wif jyw,f? +rdK@awGay:rSm vlwef;pm;/ vl@tv$maygif;pHk&J@oydwfwkdufyGJrsm; &ifhrSnfh+yD;rS vufeufukdifwkdufyGJvrf;a=umif;okd@ ul;ajymif;a&;jzpfw,f?

····· tJ'Dvrf;pOfukd qef@usifwJh tjcm;vrf;pOfwcku &efolu wefjyef awmf vSefa&;eJ@ t=urf;zufESdyfuGyfvmwmrkd@ ygwDu“aus;vufukd tajccH/ +rdK@ukd0kdif;qkdwJh rdrdukd,fukd,f umuG,fwJh a&&Snfvufeufukdif jynfol@ppfyGJjzifh wkefhjyefwJhvrf;pOf?a&&Snfvufeufukdif jynfol@ppfyGJjzifh wkefhjyefwJhvrf;pOf?a&&Snfvufeufukdif jynfol@ppfyGJjzifh wkefhjyefwJhvrf;pOf?a&&Snfvufeufukdif jynfol@ppfyGJjzifh wkefhjyefwJhvrf;pOf?a&&Snfvufeufukdif jynfol@ppfyGJjzifh wkefhjyefwJhvrf;pOf? 'Dvrf;pOfukd&Jabmfocifoef;xGef;eJ@ &JabmfocifAodef;wifwkd@u wifjycJhw,f?

txufyg vrf;pOfESpfckteuf 'kwd,vrf;pOfukd EkdifiHa&;OD;aqmiftzGJ@&J@ trsm;pku vufcHcJhw,f? wqufwnf; &efukef+rdK@rSmA[kdaumfrwD tpnf;ta0; ac:+yD; txufyg vrf;pOfESpf&yfwkdufyGJukd aqG;aEG;cJhw,f? 'kwd,vrf;pOfukd A[kdaumf rwDtrsm;pku oabmwltwnfjyKvkdufw,f? tJ'Daemuf ausmuf}uD;ayguf A[kd aumfrwDtpnf;ta0;rSm xyfrH twnfjyK cJhjyefw,f?

59

'DvkdeJ@ 1949/ rwfv pG,fawmfar#mifrSm usif;ywJh A[kdaumfrwD tpnf; ta0;rSm txufyg jynfol@ppfyGJvrf;pOfukd rsufESmpHknDoabmwl qHk;jzwfcJh =ujyef w,f? tJ'DqHk;jzwfcsuft& rD;usdK;armif;ysuf &&mvufeufukd pkpnf;um &&SdwJh vuf euf 1,000 eJ@ pwifcJh&majymufusm;ppfqifE$J&if; wESpftwGif; ygwDwyfrSm tiftm; 15,000 txd }uD;xGm;vmcJhw,f?

vufeufukdfifwkdufyGJ }uD;xGm;vmjcif;vufeufukdfifwkdufyGJ }uD;xGm;vmjcif;vufeufukdfifwkdufyGJ }uD;xGm;vmjcif;vufeufukdfifwkdufyGJ }uD;xGm;vmjcif;vufeufukdfifwkdufyGJ }uD;xGm;vmjcif;1948ckESpf/ rwfv 2* &uf aemufykdif; ygwDu ckcHa&;vufeufukdifwkdufyGJ qifE$J+yD;aemuf ra&S;raESmif;rSmyJ tjcm;vufeufukdif

tzGJ@tpnf;rsm; ay:ayguf vmcJh w,f?yxrOD;qHk; (KNDO)u tpkd;&ukdqef@usif/ vufeufukdifwkdufyGJ qifvm onf? 1949 azazmf0g&DvavmufwGif ucsifaoewfukdif

wyftcsdK@eJ@ u&ifaoewfukdif wyftcsdK@ pkpnf;+yD; vufeufukdifawmfvSefykefuefonfh tzGJ@tpnf;tjzpfxlaxmifum tpdk;&udkawmfvSefykefuefvmcJhw,f?

Armhwyfrawmfu o&ufc±kdif/ jynfc±kdifrsm;ukd vufeufukdiftiftm;jzifh odrf;ykdufcJhw,f? &efukef&Sd Armhwyfrawmf tcsdK@[mvnf;vufeufukdifykefuefum ‘awmfvSef wJh Armhwyfrawmf’ tjzpf xlaxmifvmcJhw,f?

jynfol@&Jabmf[mvnf; tjzL-t0guGJoGm;jyefw,f? &JabmfjzLu vufeuf ukdifykefuef+yD; rauG;wkdif;ukd A[dkXmecsKyf tjzpfxm;+yD;wyfukdzGJ@pnf; vkdufw,f?

'DvkdeJ@ vufeufukdifwyfrsm; }uD;xGm;vm+yD;aemuf om,m0wD/ jynf/ o&uf/ rauG;/ a&eHacsmif;/ jrif;+cHpwJh +rdK@rsm;ukd awmfvSefwJhvufeufukdifwyfrsm;u odrf;ykduf xm;vkduf=uygw,f? awmifil/ ysOf;rem;/ ar+rdK@/ rEWav;pwJh+rdK@rsm;ukdvnf; tpkd;& qef@usifa&;vufeufukdifwyfrsm;u odrf;ykdufvkdufw,f?

1949c kE Sp f / tv,fy k di f ;avmufr Sm ygwD / awmfvSe fwJ h Arm hwyfrawmf / jynf ol @& Jabmfwk d @[m‘jynfol@'Ddrkdua&pDwyfaygif;pk’‘jynfol@'Ddrkdua&pDwyfaygif;pk’‘jynfol@'Ddrkdua&pDwyfaygif;pk’‘jynfol@'Ddrkdua&pDwyfaygif;pk’‘jynfol@'Ddrkdua&pDwyfaygif;pk’ukdzGJ@pnf;vkdufw,f?

EkdifiHjcm;u tJ'Dwkef;u vuf&Sdzqyvtpkd;&ukd ‘&efukeftpkd;&’vkd@ ac:a0: cJh=uw,f? tJ'D tajctaeawGukd OD;Eku olruG,fvGefcifrSm-

“1949ckESpf/ aEGOD;avmufrSm EkdifiHjcm;u vuf&Sdzqyv tpdk;&ukd ‘&efukeftpkd;&’[k ac:=uonf? xkdtcsdefu Armjynf.“1949ckESpf/ aEGOD;avmufrSm EkdifiHjcm;u vuf&Sdzqyv tpdk;&ukd ‘&efukeftpkd;&’[k ac:=uonf? xkdtcsdefu Armjynf.“1949ckESpf/ aEGOD;avmufrSm EkdifiHjcm;u vuf&Sdzqyv tpdk;&ukd ‘&efukeftpkd;&’[k ac:=uonf? xkdtcsdefu Armjynf.“1949ckESpf/ aEGOD;avmufrSm EkdifiHjcm;u vuf&Sdzqyv tpdk;&ukd ‘&efukeftpkd;&’[k ac:=uonf? xkdtcsdefu Armjynf.“1949ckESpf/ aEGOD;avmufrSm EkdifiHjcm;u vuf&Sdzqyv tpdk;&ukd ‘&efukeftpkd;&’[k ac:=uonf? xkdtcsdefu Armjynf.(10yHk1yHk)om tpkd;&vufxJ usef+yD; usef9yHk[m taxGaxGvufeufukdif awmfvSefwJhwyfawGu odrf;xm;vkd@ zqyv tpkd;&rSm aiGvnf;r&Sd/(10yHk1yHk)om tpkd;&vufxJ usef+yD; usef9yHk[m taxGaxGvufeufukdif awmfvSefwJhwyfawGu odrf;xm;vkd@ zqyv tpkd;&rSm aiGvnf;r&Sd/(10yHk1yHk)om tpkd;&vufxJ usef+yD; usef9yHk[m taxGaxGvufeufukdif awmfvSefwJhwyfawGu odrf;xm;vkd@ zqyv tpkd;&rSm aiGvnf;r&Sd/(10yHk1yHk)om tpkd;&vufxJ usef+yD; usef9yHk[m taxGaxGvufeufukdif awmfvSefwJhwyfawGu odrf;xm;vkd@ zqyv tpkd;&rSm aiGvnf;r&Sd/(10yHk1yHk)om tpkd;&vufxJ usef+yD; usef9yHk[m taxGaxGvufeufukdif awmfvSefwJhwyfawGu odrf;xm;vkd@ zqyv tpkd;&rSm aiGvnf;r&Sd/vufeufvnf;r&Sd/ tcuftcJ }uD;rm;vSa=umif; ” vufeufvnf;r&Sd/ tcuftcJ }uD;rm;vSa=umif; ” vufeufvnf;r&Sd/ tcuftcJ }uD;rm;vSa=umif; ” vufeufvnf;r&Sd/ tcuftcJ }uD;rm;vSa=umif; ” vufeufvnf;r&Sd/ tcuftcJ }uD;rm;vSa=umif; ” vkd@ ukd,fwkdifa&; (wmawpaeom;)rSm 0efcH xm;cJhygw,f?

u|efrwkd@oifwef;csdefrSm ae@vnfqkd&if &moDOwkuvnf;yl? oif&wmu vnf; EkdifiHa&;awGqkdawmh ukd,feJ@vufvSrf; rrDyg? 'gayr,fhayghayghqqvnf; rvkyf&Jyg? oifwef;ay;aecsdef tdyfikdufolrsm;ukd tikdufzrf;+yD; ar;cGef; xkwfar; wwf w,f? tJ'g rajzEkdif&if w0g;0g;eJ@yGJusaewwfwmrkd@ tm;vHk;tdyfcsifpdwfawG b,f a&mufukefrSef; rodawmhygbl;? ukd,fhbufukd vSnfhvmavOD;rvm;vkd@vnf; wxdwf xdwfeJ@jzpfae&wmyg?

u|efreJ@*srf;[m a&S@wef;rSm ae&m&xm;wmrkd@ tdyfidkufvkd@r&yg? odyftdyf csifvGef;wJhtcg pmzwfaea,mifaqmif+yD; ckd;ikduf&ygw,f?1 -2 rdepfavmuf ikdufvkduf &&ifukdyJ enf;enf;awmh oufomoGm;ygw,f?

naepm xrif;pm;csdefrSm b,folu tdyfikdufaevkd@ ar;cGef;awG tar;cH& awmh b,fvkdwvGJwacsmfawG ajymaew,feJ@ajym=uqkd=uawmh ukd,fuvnf; 0ifvkd@ om &,fae&wm/ ukd,fbufrsm; vSnfhvmaervm;vkd@ a=umufvkd@ odyf r&,f&Jbl;? tckrS twkd;cs&,f&w,fqkd+yD; ae@vnfu ta=umif;awG pm;+rHK@jyef+yD; ajym=u&,f=ueJ@ waysmfwyg;}uD;aygh?

Armjynf vl@tzGJ@tpnf;vuQ%m[m ukdvkdeDwykdif;/ ya'o&mZfwykdif; vl@tzGJ@tpnf;jzpfw,f? Armjynf[m v,f,mvkyfief;ukdt"duxm;wJh EkdifiHjzpf w,f? v,form; vlwef;pm;[m 80µ&Sdw,f?

q&mpH v,form; awmfvSefa&;ta=umif;ukdvnf; rdwfqufay;w,f? ajr&SifcspfwD;awG&J@ aoG;pkyfr_/ &ufpuf,kwfrmr_awGukdod&awmh rcHcsifwJhpdwf"mwf[m jyif;jyif;xefxefcHpm;&w,f? tJ'Dtcsdefu v,form;awG&J@ 'kuQ/ v,form;awG&J@ b0ukdjyefawG;=unfhaerdw,f? acs;iSm;xm;wJh aºu;awG jyefrqyfEkdif&if v,fajr wifru &Sdor#ypPnf;awGa&m orD;ysKdav;ygrusef aºu;odrf;cH&w,f?tJ'Dtjzpf tysufawGukd em;axmif&if; &ifxJrSm em=unf;vkd@vnf; rqHk;Ekdif? 'Dpepfqkd; (vlwef; pm;&efol)ukd urBmra=uEkdifwJh &efolvkd@yJpGJrSwfoGm;ygawmhw,f?

igwkd@v,form;&J@b0[m qkd;vkdufwm“aºu;wifu|efjzpf”“uHaºu;cs ya' o&mZfpepf”qkdwmukdvnf; &Sif;jyw,f?

EGm;eJ@wlwl rkd;aera&SmifbJEGm;eJ@wlwl rkd;aera&SmifbJEGm;eJ@wlwl rkd;aera&SmifbJEGm;eJ@wlwl rkd;aera&SmifbJEGm;eJ@wlwl rkd;aera&SmifbJtJ'Dtcsdefu v,form;awG[m e,fcsJ@t*FvdyfrStp t&m&Sdqkd;rsm;eJ@wuG ukvm;cspfwD;rsm;&J@ aoG;pkyfr_'%fukdvnf;cH&?

tcGefuvnf;&Sd? 'ghtjyif vlcGefawmf vnf;ay;&? pyg;aps;uvnf; usqif;(tJ'Dtcsdefu urBmrSmvnf; pD;yGm;a&; usqif; aecsdef/urBmhpD;yGm;a&;uyf qkdufaecsdef) v,form;rsm;[m wESpfvHk;vHk; EGm;eJ@twlwl rkd;aera&SmifyJ ukef;±kef;vkyfae&ayr,fh tcsdefwefvkd@pyg;odrf;+yD;aemuf tcGefawmfrsdK;pHk ay;&/ cspfwD;qkd;awGukd aºu;ay;&eJ@“aºu;wifu|efjzpf”b0rSmyJ xrif;iwf+yD; usefcJh& w,f?

'ga=umifh 1930ckESpfrSm v,form;xk}uD;&J@ tiwfab;eJ@ trsdK;om;a&;wkd@ aygif;pyfrd+yD;“q&mpHv,form; awmfvSefa&;}uD;”q&mpHv,form; awmfvSefa&;}uD;”q&mpHv,form; awmfvSefa&;}uD;”q&mpHv,form; awmfvSefa&;}uD;”q&mpHv,form; awmfvSefa&;}uD;”tHkºuaygufuGJvmwm jzpfw,f? wqufwnf;rSm v,form;b0ukd azmfusL;xm;wJh oDcsif;wyk'fukdvnf; qkdjyw,f?

60

v,form;b0opf wkdufumpkdufxlr,f(oDcsif;)v,form;b0opf wkdufumpkdufxlr,f(oDcsif;)v,form;b0opf wkdufumpkdufxlr,f(oDcsif;)v,form;b0opf wkdufumpkdufxlr,f(oDcsif;)v,form;b0opf wkdufumpkdufxlr,f(oDcsif;)(rao±Hkav; pm;=u&w,f» rtm;atmif» wu,f» pkwf+yJAvcsm » » cg;rSm jrifraumif;æw,f)2 EHkcsmayw,f»

wkd@v,form;&,f » }uHK&w,f» atmfæEGm;eJ@wlwl » » rkd;aera&SmifyJæwaevHk; ukef;um ±kef;&jyef w,f» okd@ayr,fhuG,fæaºu;awG0kdif;w,f»»» t&if;ppfjyefawmh æ ajr&Sifpepfqkd; a=umifhæuG,f

oH+ydKif¡oH+ydKif¡oH+ydKif¡oH+ydKif¡oH+ydKif¡(wkdufr,fuG,fh nDnmpGm&,fæwu,fwrf;uG,fæajr&Sifpepf emvefrxlEkdifatmif pepfqkd;y,f) (wkdufr,fuG,fh » » » » » » » » » » tEkdifwkdufr,f)¢2pdefvkdufuG,fænDpkd@uG,fænD=ur,fæ tavsmfawG ray;EkdifaygifuG,f » » rw&m;,lxm;wJh » wkd@ajr}uD;awG » jyefum ykdifr,f

» v,form; b0opfwkdufum pkdufxlr,f?wkdfffufr,fuG,fh æ æ æ æ v,form; b0opfwkdufum pkdufxlr,f?

'DoDcsif;ukd aemifrSm e,fpyf/ ta&S@ajrmufykdif;ppfa'o(vGwfajrmufa&; tajccHa'o)ay:xGufvm+yD;/ ygwDA[kdaumfrwD&J@tmabmf/Armjynf jynfol@toH v$ifh±H k ay:vmawmh tJ'Duae r=umc% toHv$ifhcJ h hygw,f? oDqkdoluawmh &Jabmf pHol(A[kdaumfrwD?uG,fvGef)jzpfygw,f?

ol[m ArmjynfolawG&J@ ukdvdkeDt*Fvdyfe,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;/ zufqpf*syef awmfvSefa&;twGif; ygwD&J@ au'gaumif;wOD;tjzpfwm0ef,l vkyf ukdifcJhol yg? 1950 ckESpfrSm ygwDA[kdu EkdifiHjcm;okd@ ynmoifv$wfwJhtxJ yg0ifcJhol &JabmfwOD;yg? tJ'Dwkef;u ol[m ysOf;rem;c±kdifygwDaumfrwD0if wOD;jzpfygw,f? tEkynm 0goem tajccH&ifhoefol awmfvSefa&; &JabmfwOD;yg? yef;csDynmvnf; pdwf0ifpm;+yD; tqkdtuvnf; aumif;ol jzpfygw,f? aemufykdif;rSm w±kwfjynfuae armfpukdokd@ xyfrH ynmoif apv$wfjcif; cH&olwOD;vnf; jzpfygw,f?qkdAD,ufeJ@ w±kwftuGJrSm w±kwf jynfokd@ jyefvnf a&mufvmygw,f? 1975 ckESpfwGif ygwDA[kd/ t&H aumfrwD0if pwifjzpfvmcJh+yD;/A[kdaxmufyHha&; Xme}uD;rª;wm0ef/ wyfr 68 EkdifiHa&;rª; wm0ef rsm;ukd xrf;aqmifcJhw,f? 1985ck wwd,t}udrf jynfvHk;qkdif &muGef*&ufrSmA[kdaumfrwD0iftjzpf xyfrHta&G;cH &jyefw,f? A[kdtwGif;a&;rª;tzGJ@ tzGJ@0if/ A[kd±Hk; ±kH;tkyfeJ@ e,fpyfwGifzGifhvSpfcJhwJh A[kdygwDausmif;&J@ausmif;tkyfwm0efrsm;ukd xrf; aqmifcJhw,f? e,fpyfta&;tcif; jzpfwJhtcg ygwDA[kdeJ@twl &yfwnfcJh+yD; uG,fvGefcsdefrSm ygwDA[kdaumfrwDem,utzGJ@0if &Jabmf jzpfygw,f?

q&mpHv,form; awmfvSefa&;q&mpHv,form; awmfvSefa&;q&mpHv,form; awmfvSefa&;q&mpHv,form; awmfvSefa&;q&mpHv,form; awmfvSefa&;1930ckESpf/ 'DZifbm 22 &ufae@wGif q&mpH*VKefwyfzGJ@[m zm;a&$ausmf&Gm w0kdfufwGif pwifwkdfufyGJjzpfyGm;cJhw,f? 24 &ufae@wGif

0J&GmAkdvfwJukd 0kdif;wkduf&m opfawmt&m&Sd rpPwmyD;uvyf usqHk;w,f? yvdyf*wfwJpcef;rsm;ukdvnf; 0ifa&muf pD;eif; vkdufw,f? 'DvkdeJ@q&mpHacgif;aqmifwJh v,form;ykefuefr_ ayguf zGm; vmcJhw,f?

q&mpHv,form; awmfvSefa&;[m om,m0wD/ oHk;q,fe,frS pwif ay:aygufvm+yD; &uftenf;i,ftwGif; aygif;wnf/ }uHcif;/tif;pdef/ jynf/ yJcl;/ awmifil rS [oFmw/ zsmyHk/ ykodrfpwJh jrpf0u|ef;ay:rSwqifh o&ufc±kdifESifh txuf Armjynf tygt0if &Srf;jynfe,ftxdysH@ESH@avmifu|rf;oGm;w,f? v,form;awmf vSefa&;ukd ESdrfeif;&mrSm t*Fvdyfe,fcJs@tpkd;&[m v,form;rsm;ukd &uf&ufpufpuf owfjzwfcJhw,f? rouFmolrSefor# acgif;jzwfum aoG;oH&J&Jjzifh acgif;jywfrsm;ukd &GmpOf vSnfh jy+yD; +cdrf;ajcmufcJhw,f? [oFmw/ om,m0wD/jynftusOf;axmif }udK;pif rsm;wGif wae@wae@ v,form; olykef 50rS100txd }udK;ay;owfcJh=uw,f?

acgif;aqmifcJhol q&mpHtm; tao&&/ t&Sif&& qkaiG 5,000usyf[k xkwf jyef a=unmcJhw,f?q&mpHukd zrf;rdjcifq&mpHukd zrf;rdjcifq&mpHukd zrf;rdjcifq&mpHukd zrf;rdjcifq&mpHukd zrf;rdjcif;????? ????? 1931ckESpf/ =o*kwfv 2 &ufae@wGif aemifcsdK+rdK@e,f [kdckd&GmteD;rSm zrf;rdcJhygw,f?}udK;rdef@?}udK;rdef@?}udK;rdef@?}udK;rdef@?}udK;rdef@? ????? 1931ckESpf/ Ekd0ifbm 28 &uf paeae@eHeuf t±k%fwufrSm om,m0wDaxmifwGif q&mpHukd }udK;ay;owfcJhw,f?

tJ'Dvkd }udK;ay;cH&ayr,fh q&mpH [m b,folwOD;wa,mufrS wGJp&mrvkdbJ }udK;pifay:ukd &J&J0Hh0Hh wufoGm;cJhw,f? &J&Jawmufrdef@cGef;? ? &J&Jawmufrdef@cGef;? ? &J&Jawmufrdef@cGef;? ? &J&Jawmufrdef@cGef;? ? &J&Jawmufrdef@cGef;? ? q&mpH[m }udK;pifay:wufcgeD;rSm ol&Jaumif; pdwff"mwf tjynfht0eJ@ 'DvkdajymcJhw,f?

“ig tckvkd awmfvSeffwm ratmifjrif&if wae@rSm 'Dvkd jzpfvdrfhr,fqkdwm igapmpGmuwnf;u od+yD;jzpfw,f? 'gayr,fhig[mwkdif;jynfeJ@ trsdK;ukd cspfwJhpdwfeJ@ (trsdK;bmom/ omoem)aumif;pm;a&;twGuf &nf&G,f+yD; igwkdufcJhwmjzpfw,f? vkyf&J&if cH&Jw,f?z,f=u? ighukd b,folwa,mufrS wGJp&m rvkdbl;”

vkd@ qkd+yD; wa,mufwnf; }udK;pifay: &J0HhpGm wufoGm;cJhwmukd jrif=u&wJh axmift&m&SdawGeJ@ jrifcJhwJh vltaygif;[m tHh=ocsD;usL;vkd@rukefEkdifbl;? q&mpH&J@ tHhrcef;wJh &JpGrf;owWd[m om,m 0wDaxmiforkdif;rSm pHwifavmufatmif jzpfcJhw,f?q&mpHv,form; awmfvSefa&; ta=umif;rdwfqufay;wmukd em;axmif &wJh u|efrtaeeJ@ 'DvkdcHpm;rdygw,f?

“q&mpHu omrmeft&yfom;u EkdifiHa&;vkyfwm? 'gawmif &efolukd t±_H; ray; 'l;raxmufbl;? igwkd@u uGefjrLepfawGyJ?igwkd@wkdufyGJ[m atmifEkdifwmawG &Sdovkd ±_H;edrfhwmawGvnf; &Sddr,f? atmifEkdifwJhtcg 0ifhºum;armufrmwmawG rvkyfrd zkd@vkdtyf ovkd±H_;edrfhwJhtcgrSmvnf; 'l;axmuftnHhcHzkd@ rvkdbl;? q&mpH&J@ wkdif;jynfeJ@ vlrsdK; tay: opPm&Sdr_[m csD;usL;*k%fjyK±HkeJ@ rvHkavmufao;ygbl;?EkdifiHa&;orm;wkdif;[m ol@ukdtwk,l avhvm&r,f? rdrdukd,fwkdifukd 'Dvkd&JpGrf;owWdawG&Sdvmatmif oHcJwif &r,f”

q&mpH v,form;awmfvSefa&; ±_H;edrfh&jcif; ta=umif;&if;rsm;q&mpH v,form;awmfvSefa&; ±_H;edrfh&jcif; ta=umif;&if;rsm;q&mpH v,form;awmfvSefa&; ±_H;edrfh&jcif; ta=umif;&if;rsm;q&mpH v,form;awmfvSefa&; ±_H;edrfh&jcif; ta=umif;&if;rsm;q&mpH v,form;awmfvSefa&; ±_H;edrfh&jcif; ta=umif;&if;rsm;'Dv,form;awmfvSefa&; ±H_;edrfh&jcif;ta=umif;&if;ukd ckvkd ed*Hk;csKyfjyw,f?(1)awmfvSefa&;w&yfukd rSefuefpGm OD;aqmifn¸efjyEkdifwJh acgif;aqmif ygwDw&yf r&Sdjcif;('g[m t"du jzpfw,f?)

(2)vufeuftiftm;jcif; rr#wjcif;(&efol@vufeufrSm tvGefacwfrD+yD; v,form;rsm; ukdifpGJ&wJh vufeufrSm tifrwef

61

acwfaemufusjcif;)wkd@ jzpfygw,f?

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ajr,mštm%mwkd@ukd trSDjyK+yD; aoG;pkyfolukd ya'o&mZfajr&Sif vkd@ac: w,f?ajr,mš"eOpPmwkd@ukd trSDjyK+yD; aoG;pkyfolukd ajr&Sifvkd@owfrSwfw,f?

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“tif;-tckvkdar;wm ar;oifhwJh ar;cGef;jzpfw,f? u|efawmfu rar;yJ 'D twkdif; &Jabmfwkd@ ausmfjzwfoGm;rSmukd pkd;&drfaewm”“'Dvkdav? vuf&SdqifE$JaewJh 'DawmfvSefa&;}uD; atmifjrifzkd@qkd&if ‘ajr,m awmfvSefa&;[m t"du usw,f’qkdwmu Armjynf[m

ajr,mEkdifiHjzpfw,fqkdwm a&S@ykdif;rSm oifcJh+yD;jzpfw,f? v,form; vlwef;pm;[m 80µ jzpfw,f? (tvkyform; vlwef;pm;u 10µ&Sdw,f)tck u|efawmfwkd@ wyfrawmfukdyJ =unfhyg? wyfxJrSm&SdwJh wyfom;trsm;pk[m v,form; om;orD;awGyJ jzpfw,f? tvkyform; vlwef;pm;eJ@ausmif;om;u vmwm tifrwef tenf;pkyJ? tJ'Dvkd vlrsm;pk}uD;u axmufcHw,f qkd&if'DawmfvSefa&; atmifyGJ[m jrefwmaygh”

ajr,mawmfvSefa&;qkdwm bmvJajr,mawmfvSefa&;qkdwm bmvJajr,mawmfvSefa&;qkdwm bmvJajr,mawmfvSefa&;qkdwm bmvJajr,mawmfvSefa&;qkdwm bmvJajr,m awmfvSefa&;qkdwm ajr,meJ@ ywfoufvkd@ rw&m;aoG;pkyfaewJh ajr&SifawGukd wGef;vSefwkdufck dufypfw,f?

v,form;awGqDu rw&m; vk,lxm;wJh ajr,mawGukd jyefodrf;ykdufw,f? (avsmfa=u;aiG wjym;rS ray;bl;)-v,fvkyfolv,fykdifa&;?-ajr&SifawGu rw&m; tEkdifusifh csKyfqkdxm;wJh pmcsKyfawG/ rw&m; vkyf xm;wJh pnf;urf;awG tm;vHk;zsufypfw,f?-ta[mif;awG tm;vHk; zsufodrf;ypf/ wkdufypfw,f?-ajr&SifawG&J@ ypPnf;awGtm;vHk; odrf;,lw,f?-'g[m ajr,mawmfvSefa&;yJ?vSnf;wpD;rSm ‘0if±kd;’[m aumif;&w,f? ckdifrmawmifhwif;&r,f? 0if±kd; awmifhrS-vSnf;ay:rSm&SdwJh(vl/ ukefypPnf;rsm;)ukd vkd&m

c&D;a&mufatmif o,f,l Ekdifw,f? vSnf;bD;rsm; aumif;aumif;vnfywf+yD; vkd&mc&D;a&mufatmif o,f,lEkdif r,f?'ga=umifh 'DawmfvSefa&; atmifjrifzkd@twGuf ajr,mawmfvSefa&;[m t"du 0if±kd;jzpfw,ajr,mawmfvSefa&;[m t"du 0if±kd;jzpfw,ajr,mawmfvSefa&;[m t"du 0if±kd;jzpfw,ajr,mawmfvSefa&;[m t"du 0if±kd;jzpfw,ajr,mawmfvSefa&;[m t"du 0if±kd;jzpfw,fvkd@ ajymwmyg?

acwf}uD; (5) acwfacwf}uD; (5) acwfacwf}uD; (5) acwfacwf}uD; (5) acwfacwf}uD; (5) acwf'Dae@[m u|efrwkd@ ausmif;om;awG +idrfaewJhae@yg?acwf}uD; 5 acwfta=umif;ukd yHkay:atmif cs,fr_ef;oifjyay;wmukd em; axmif&if; ukd,fh[mukd,f toufrSefrSef±ªzkd@awmif

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'DpepfatmufrSm xl;jcm;csuf awGu--vlwef;pm;uGJjym;vmw,f(aus;u|efykdif&SifawGeJ@ aus;u|efawG)

62

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csKyfay;ygw,f?t&ifu ygwD0iftjzpf odrf;oGif;&if æ æ(1)au'gjzpf&r,f?(2)tEkyËdavmrukdem;vnf&r,fwJh? tJ'DESpfcsuf eJ@ukdufnDrS odrf;oGif;w,fwJh? tckoif wef;wufaewJh u|efrwkd@

wawG[m trsm;pku 'DESpfcsufeJ@ rnDygbl;? 'gayr,fh rsdK;qufopf tjzpfarG;jrLzkd@ tvm;tvm aumif;olawGawmh jzpfvdrhfr,fxif ygw,f?

'Dae@ae@vnfrSmawmh-±kyf0g'ukd aqG;aEG;yg+yD? ±kyfeJ@pdwf/ ±kyfu t"du jzpfw,fwJh? pdwfu omrn('kwd,)tcef;u ygw,fwJh?aemufwae@usawmh wap> ol&J awG@zl;&if b,frSm awG@zl;w,fqkdwm ajymjyprf;yg vkd@ q&muawmif; qkdw,f?

ol&Jpm;wmvm;/ temaygufwmvm;ol&Jpm;wmvm;/ temaygufwmvm;ol&Jpm;wmvm;/ temaygufwmvm;ol&Jpm;wmvm;/ temaygufwmvm;ol&Jpm;wmvm;/ temaygufwmvm;'Daehawmh ausmif;om;awG tvSnfhyg? ae@vnfus&if u|efrvnf; tjzpf tysufav; wckawmh ajymjyr,fvkd@ pOf;pm; xm;ygw,f?jzpfysufyHku 'Dvkdyg? u|efrwkd@tajccHa'o(awmifndKe,f)xJrSm v,fwm }uD;/ 0ufykwfqkdwJh &Gm(2)&Gm&Sdw,f? 'DESpf&Gm[m

wjcm;&GmawGeJ@ &Gmqufa0;w,f? odyfawm usw,f? v,fwm}uD;rSm A[kdXmecsKyfpcef;&Sdw,f? wae@rSm &GmOD;ausmif;u bkef;}uD;wyg;jyif;xefpGm zsm;w,f? tJ'Dvkd zsm;vkd@ &Gmu 'um'umrawGu c±kdif aq;±Hkukd vmta=umif;=um;+yD; q&mvmyifhw,f? 'ga=umifh aq;±Hku(c±kdifaq;±Hktkyf ukd,fwkdif) vkdufvm+yD; aq;uk ay;w,f?

tJ'Daq;±Hktkyfu ukdvSay:OD;wJh? xm;0,fom;? pum;ajym&if &Sif;&Sif; jywf jywf ajymwwfw,f? tykdtvdkr&Sd? wnfw,f? ±kd;w,f?yGifhvif;w,f? pum;ajym &if [kd'D oG,f0kdufajymwmrsdK;ukd r}udKufbl;? olvnf; rajymbl;? ta=umif;rod&if aygif;& cufw,f? vl@*Gpmvkd@xif&w,f? ta=umif;odoGm;&ifvnf; ol@ukdodyfcspfcif =uw,f?

&Gma&mufvkd@ vlemukd ppfaq;=unfhawmh wkdufzGKduf(tla&mifief;zsm;)a&m*g jzpfaew,f? 'ga=umifh aq;wkdufay;+yD; ta&;}uD;csdefrkd@

63

olukd,fwkdif teD;uyf jyKpkapmifh a&Smufay;w,f? enf;enf; oufomvmawmh q&mukdvSay:OD;u aq;±Hkukd c% jyefr,f? bkef;}uD;eJ@wuG'um'umrawGtyg ausmif;om;awGukd aoaocsmcsm rSmcJ h w,f? bkef;}uD; a&m*gu tckrS enf;enf;yJ oufomao;wm/vHk;0raysmufao;bl;? tJ'g tpmrmukd vHk;0 rau|;&? tpmrpm;&vkd@ awmif;&if oem;w,fqkd+yD; qufuyf ay; vkduf&if aoEkdifw,f?'Djy\em ay:vm&if q&m0efu vHk;0 wm0efr,l? azsmf&nf avmufom qufuyf&r,fvkd@ aoaocsmcsm rSmxm;+yD;rS aq;±Hkukd c%jyefw,f?a&m*g jzpfwJh bkef;}uD;u ArmAdaE<maq; enf;enf;wwfw,f? tif;tkdif*gxmrEW,m; wpHkw&m wwfw,f? atmufvrf;vkdvkd bmvkkdkvkdeJ@ausmif;em;u anmifyifrSmvnf; ol&Jwaumif arG;xm;ao;w,f qkdovkdvkd(&Gmuajymae/ ,Hkaewm)?

bkef;}uD;u aeraumif;&if yxr ausmif;om;av;awGukd eif;ckdif;ESdyfckdif;/ aemufykdif; tyluvJ odyfwufvmawmh bkef;}uD;uausmif;om;av;awGuk d qlaiguf+y D; E Si fxkwfvk duf w,f? “eifwk d @ wa,mufrS toH k;rusbl;? oGm;=u? ig haumif }uD;y Jac:+yD;eif;ckdif;r,f”vkd@ajym&if; “[-aumif}uD; vmprf;? ighvm eif;ay;prf;”vkd@ cyf us,fus,fajymvkdufowJh? 'DtcgrSm ausmif;atmufuacG;awGuvnf; tlvkdufwm tvGefyJwJh? tJ'Dvkd acG;awGu qlqlnHnH tlae+yDqkd&if bkef;}uD;u “[kwf+yD? ausmif; ay: jrefjrefwufcJhprf;”vkd@ajym+yD; tm;vsm;arSmufvkdufw,f? c%=umawmh “tJ-tJ-[kwf+yD/ [kwf+yD? tv,fv,f eifhajconf;}uD;u pl;vkdufwm”wJh? aemufawmh “[kwf+yD? [kwf+yD? awmf+yD? awmf+yD? eifjyefawmh”vkd@qkd+yD; c%=umawmh ausmif; atmufu acG;tloHawG =um;&+yD; aemuf+idrfoGm;awmhbkef;}uD;vJ tdyfpufoGm;a&mwJh? 'DjzpfpOfu 'Dbkef;}uD; zsm;wkdif; jzpfaeus/ vkyfaeusyJ? 'gawGukd ausmif;om;av;awGuwqifh &Gmu rdbawG jyef=um;awmh “&Gmu bkef;}uD;[m wefckd;}uD;w,f”ayghav? &Gmom;awGawmf±Hkwef±Hkzsm;&ifvnf; 'Dbkef;}uD; aq;eJ@yJ aysmufoGm;wmyJwJh? 'D&Gmu vlawG[m aus;vufxHk;pHtwkdif; taemuf wkdif;aq;ukdvnf;r,Hk=unfbl;? aq;±Hkukdvnf; tvGefa=umuf=uw,fwJh?

q&mukdvSay:OD;vnf; aq;±Hkjyefa&m bkef;}uD;[m wpcef;xawmhwmyJ? “ighukd qGrf;tjrefuyf=uprf;? igbkOf;ay; csifvS+yD”aygh?&Gmu 'um'umrawGuvnf; A[kokwu acgif;yg;? taemufwkdif;aq;ukd t,Hkt=unfr&Sdwmvnf; ygqkdawmh bkef; }uD;ukd oem;vScsnfh&Jqkd+yD; qGrf;uyf=uawmhwmaygh? &ufykdif;twGif; bkef;}uD;vnf; ysHvGefawmf rlygava&m?

'DrSmwif &Gmol&Gmom;awGu q&mukdvSay:OD;ukd oGm;+yD; ta=umif;=um; awmhw,f? q&mukdvSay:OD;vnf; t}uD;tus,f pdwfqkd;/ol@pum; em;raxmifvdk@ tckvkdao&wm aoaocsmcsm rSmxm;vsufeJ@ jzpf&avjcif;vkd@ tjypfwifw,f? udpP u 'geJ@ r+yD;ao;bl;?

&Gmom;awGu “'Dbkef;}uD; ckvkd ysHvGefawmfrlwm[m a&m*ga=umifhr[kwf? olarG;xm;wJh ol&Ju pm;vkd@ tlawGtonf;awG bmrSrusefawmhbl;? ol&Jpm; oGm;+yD” aygh?

q&mukdvSay:OD;uvnf; “r[kwfbl;? tlawGtonf;awG tpHk&Sdw,f? a&m *ga=umifh aowm”tJ'g r[kwfbl;/ [kwfw,feJ@ b,fol@b,folrS tav#mhray;bl;? 'DvkdeJ@ aemuf qHk;awmh q&m0efuajymw,f? vufawG@

tavmif;ukd cGJ=unfhr,f? &Gmuvnf; o abmwlw,f?=unfh=uprf;yg=unfh=uprf;yg=unfh=uprf;yg=unfh=uprf;yg=unfh=uprf;ygcGJyg+yD? owWdaumif;wJh OD;}uD;awGuvnf; q&m0eftem;rSm 0kdfif;vkd@? q&m 0efu AkdfufcGJ+yD; tlawG(tlodrftlr)tm;vHk;ukd

xkwfjyvkdufw,f? “'DrSm=unfh=u? 'Dtlu temjzpfwJh tlyJ” “ [m æ [kwfyg&J@? usefwJh tlawGeJ@ rwlbl;? a&mif+yD; ta&mifuvnf; ndKykkyfykyfeJ@? temaygufaewJh ae&mukdvnf; awG@&w,f” Akdufnmbufjcrf; tay:em;u tonf;ukdyg qGJxkwf,lvkdufw,f? “ uJ æ =unfhav? 'g tonf;yJ” tndKEka&mif tonf;u }uD;rS}uD;? teH@uvnf; awmfawmfqkd;w,f? OD;}uD; awGeJ@ rvSrf;rurf; ta':}uD;awG atmh=u? tef=ueJ@?,if}uD;awGuvnf; w0kef;0kef; eJ@?

q&m0efu “uJ-u|efawmf ajymwm b,fhES,fvJ? awG@+yDr[kwfvm;? bm ol&JrS pm;wm r[kwfbl;? bmol&JrSvnf; r&Sdbl;?tlu temraysmufcif tpm trm awG pm;vkd@ tckvkd ao&wm”

OD;}uD;awG[m bmwcGef;rS r[&Jawmhbl;? q&m0efukdwvSnfh? tavmif; }uD;udk wvSnfh =unfhae=uw,f? q&m0efu xkwfxm;wJhtlawGtonf;awG tm;vHk; ukd AkdufxJ xnfh+yD; jyefcsKyfay;r,fvkd@ ajymawmh/ OD;}uD;awGu AkdufxJ rxnfhbJ a& tkd;}uD; wvHk;xJrSm xnfhckdif;w,f?tavmif;rSm txJu uvDpmawG r&Sd&if &uf=um =um xm;vkd@aumif;w,f? teH@touf aumif;w,f? rD;o+*õK[fwJhtcg rD;pGJvG,fw,fvkd@ ajymvkd@ uvDpmawG rxnfhbJ ±kd;±kd; AkdufukdyJ qGJcsKyfay;xm;vkdufw,f?

[kd;[kd;ausmfoGm;wmaygh[kd;[kd;ausmfoGm;wmaygh[kd;[kd;ausmfoGm;wmaygh[kd;[kd;ausmfoGm;wmaygh[kd;[kd;ausmfoGm;wmaygh'Dtjzpftysufuav;u =unfhawmhom bmrS r[kwfw,f? &GmteD;w0kdfuf rSmawmh [kd;av;wausmfaygh? &Gmuvl awG ajymprSwfjzpf

usefcJhw,f? tJ'g wu,fh tjzpf tysufyJ?'DaemufrSm &GmuvlawG aeraumif;&if/ tzsm;jyif;xef&if aq;±Hkvmwuf wm? q&m0ef vmyifhwmwkd@ &Sdvmw,f? t&ifu

a&m*g b,favmufjyif;wef/ jyif;xef aq;±Hkrvmbl;? taocHw,f? tckawmh q&mukdvSay:OD;&J@ aus;Zl;a=umifh vlxkawG&J@ usef;rma&;udk*±kpkduf ulnDay;Ekdifygawmhw,f?

ausmif;qif; E_wfqufyGJausmif;qif; E_wfqufyGJausmif;qif; E_wfqufyGJausmif;qif; E_wfqufyGJausmif;qif; E_wfqufyGJ'Dae@awmh ausmif;om;awG tjyeftvSef trSwfw& ypPnf;av;awG ay;=u? E_wfquf=ueJ@ 0rf;om0rf;enf;jzpf=u &ygw,f?

naerSm xrif;pm;yGJ? nrSm ausmif; qif;yGJ/ uyGJ&Sdw,f? u|efrwkd@ ausmif;olti,f 12 a,mufu v,folr,drf;xJrSm ygw,f? u|efrvnf;

64

wcgrS 'Dvkdru zl;bl;? u|efrwkd@ukd tuoifay;wJh q&mu &JabmfxGef;jrifhwJh? ±kyfu ukvm;qifav;? pdwfvnf; &Snfw,f? pnf;eJ@0g;eJ@b,fvkd-u? acgif;/ cg;/ ajcvuf b,fvkdxm;? ukd,fwkdifvnf; tuodyfaumif;w,f? u|efr wkd@ukd oifjy&if; usrwkd@ tm;vHk;uc%c%yGJawmif;vkd@ q&mcrsm u,jy&wm tarm yJ? =umawmh rwwfEkdifawmhbl;? “at;-igu, jywJhtcg rif;wkd@aumif;aumif;=unfhxm;? +yD;&if jyefuckdif;r,f? igjyovkd ruwwf&if r&awmhbl;? quf+yD; roifay;awmh bl;”vkd@ajymvmawmhw,f? u|efrwkd@ tm;vHk;uvnf;oabmwla=umif; uwday; w,f? u|efrwkd@tm;vHk;u q&mukd tpfukd}uD;vkd@yJ ac:=uw,f? ol@ZeD;ukdawmh rra&$vkd@ ac:=uw,f? rra&$uru,wwfbl;? 'gayr,fh nwkdif;vm tm;ay;w,f? tuwkduf&if; tarmajy pm;zkd@qkd+yD; ajryJavSmf/ yJavSmfpojzifh pm;p&m wrsdK;rsdK; ae@wkdif;0,fvm au|;w,f?

nae xrif;pm;yGJrSm vl}uD;awG tm;vHk;avmufeD;yg; yg0ifw,f? xrif;pm;yGJ tcrf;tem; tpDtpOft& c±dkifaumfrwDOuUÏOD;wif&S defu yxrqHk; rdef@cGef;ajym ygw,f? rdef@cGef;rSm OuUÏu ausmif;om;tm;vHk;uk d E_wfquf tm;ay;pum; ajym &if;‘rsdK;qufopf’awGtaeeJh awmfvSefa&; vrf;c&D;rSm qufvufcsDwuf=uzkd@ ,Hk=unfar#mfvifha=umif; ajymygw,f? tm;vHk; ajymqkd +yD;wJhtcgxrif;pm;yGJ usif;yyg w,f?

xrif;pm;yGJawmh +yD;oGm;yg+yD? nuyGJtwGuf yl& jyefygw,f? tqifrS ajyygh rvm;? q&muawmh tm;vHk;udk rSmxm;w,f? “uwJhtcgZmwfcHkatmufu y&d owfukd b,fawmhrS r=unfheJh? u,&if;eJ@ ukd,fha&S@u vlukd=unfh? ukd,frSm;aewm &Sd &if tomav;jyifvkduf”wJh?

&D&cuf/ ikd&cufwJh v,folr,drf; &D&cuf/ ikd&cufwJh v,folr,drf; &D&cuf/ ikd&cufwJh v,folr,drf; &D&cuf/ ikd&cufwJh v,folr,drf; &D&cuf/ ikd&cufwJh v,folr,drf;&ifxJu w'dwf'dwfeJ@ ZmwfcHkaemufrSm u|efrwkd@ tvSjyifaeyg+yD? rra&$u olukd,fwkdif pdwfwdkif;us tvSjyifay;aeygw,f?

u|efrwkd@uvnf; bmtawG@t}uHKrS r&Sd? bmypPnf;rSvnf; r&Sd? rra&$ jyifqifay;wJhtwkdif; 0wfpm;+yD;awmh ZmwfcHkay:rSm u,&ef ae&mtoifh,laeygw,f? tpfukd}uD; udkxGef;jrifhuawmh pdwf&J&Jxm;+yD; u =uzkd@ tm;ay;pum;awG wwGwfwGwfrSm&if; ab;u ykÀm;uG,frSm &yfaeygw,f? a[m æ jynfzHk;um;}uD; zGifhvkdufyg+yD? y&dowfuvnf; =obm ay;vkduf=uwm qlnH oGm; wmyJ? tJ'DtoHawG =um;vkdufawmhu|efrwkd@vnf; rsufvHk;awGjym+yD; &SSdef;zdef; oGm;vkdufwm ,drf;uuGufukd b,fnmrrSm;&atmif renf;owdxm;+yD; oDcsif;ukd qkdae&ygw,f?oDcsif; w0ufawmif ra&mufao;bl; bmvkd@rSef;rodf a&S@ujynfzHk; um;}uD;us+yD; ydwfoGm;ygawmhw,f?

“[,f æ bmjzpfwmvJ-bmjzpfwmvJ”eJ@ u|efrwkd@tm;vHk; qlqlnHnH ajymaewkef;/ q&mu“tm;vHk; ZmwfcHkaemufukdtjrefvm=u”vkd@ vSrf;ac:ygw,f? u|efrwkd@tm;vHk; aemufykdfif;ukd ajy;0ifoGm;+yD;“tpfukd}uD; bmjzpfvkd@vJ-bmjzpfvkd@ vJ”eJ@ 0kdif;ar;=uawmh“bmrSrjzpfbl;? v,folrav;awG obm0ususeJ@ ykdvS atmifvkd@ xyfjyif&r,f”wJh? 'gyJajym+yD; “uJ-uJ-jrefjref jyif=ua[h? qHxHk;awGvnf;jyifxHk;/ zJ}udK;awG bmawGrpnf;eJ@? wywfv#dKqHxHk;av;awGxHk;/ nmbufrSm qH+rdwf cs”wJh? “[kwf+yD? E_wfcrf;eDawG t0wfeJ@ wkdufzsufypf/tm;vHk; yg;uGufuav;awG yg;yg;av; wifvkduf=u? xlxl}uD; rvkyfeJ@aemf? ezl;ay:rS qHyifav;awGcs=u? carmufav;awGvnf; arhrxm;=ueJ@?ausmbufrSm csxm;? tJ-[kwf+yD? [kwf+yD? ajy;-ajy;? a&S@rSm ae&m,l=u”

'kwd,t}udrf um;vdyfzGifhawmhvnf; y&dowf}uD;u tkwftkwfusufusuf wufºupGmyJ }udKqkd=uygw,f? 'DvkdeJ@ tJ'Dnu uyGJvnf;atmifjrifpGm +yD;qHk;oGm; cJhyg+yD? nu tjzpftysufukdawmh bkrod brodeJ@yJ +yD;cJh&w,f? aemufae@±Hk;jyef a&muf+yD;/ ukdatmifxl;(+rdK@e,fygwD±Hk;tkyf)eJ@ awGawmhrS Zmwf&nfvnfawmhw,f? “[m-nuawmh rajymygeJ@awmh? &Jabmf wifaiGukd c±kdifaumfrwDawGu 0kdif;+yD; a0zefvkduf=uwm[m igawmh &JabmfwifaiGukdoem;oGm;w,f”

“u|efawmfvnf; tawG@t}uHKr&Sdawmh &JabmfxGef;jrifhukdyJ yHk+yD;xm; vkdufwm? yGJrxGufcif wcgavmufawmh tenf;qHk;ppfaq;=unfhrd&if ydkaumif;wmaygh? tckawmh u|efawmf rSm;ygw,f? u|efawmfhrSm vHk;0wm0ef&Sdw,feJ@ ajymw,f[”

“eifwkd@uvnf; vGefygw,f[m yGJrSm a=unmoGm;awmh ‘v,folr,drf;’ wJh? xGufvmvkdufawmh zJ}udK;awG pnf;+yD;/E_wfcrf;eDawGuvnf; &Jvkd@? aumvdyf ausmif;olawG usaewmyJ? tJ'Dawmh 0dkif;a0zefawmhwmaygh? 'ga=umifhum;ukd tjrefcsckdif;+yD;jyefjyifypf&wm”wJh?

tJ'Dvkd u|efrwkd@ pum;ajymaewkef;rSmyJ &JabmfwifaiGeJ@ tpfukd}uD; ukd xGef;jrifhwkd@vnf; a&mufvmygw,f? &Jabmf wifaiGukdvSrf;=unfhvkdufawmh ol@rsuf ESm[m cgwkdif;vkd ygyJ? +yHK;+yHK;&$if&$ifeJ@?

“&JabmfwifaiG-nu tjzpftysufawG[m u|efawmhfrSm vHk;0wm0ef&Sd ygw,f? ta&$uvnf; ol@&Sdwmav;awG tukefxkwf+yD;tvSjyifay;vkdufwm? u|efawmfuvnf; =unfhaumif;aumif;eJ@ =unfhae+yD;/ ukd,fh,drf;ukdawmif bm,drf;vJ qdkwmarhoGm;wJhtxdjzpfoGm;wmyJ? &JabmfwifaiGukd awmif;yefygw,fAsm”vkd@ajym+yD; tpfukd}uD; ukdxGef;jrifhu awmif;yefyg w,f?

“at;Asm? tawG@t}uHK&wmaygh? awmif;yefzkd@ rvkdygbl;? oifcef;pm ,l& wmaygh”vkd@ajym&if; &JabmfwifaiGuvnf; &,faeygw,f?

vlxkxHrS vlxkxHodk@vlxkxHrS vlxkxHodk@vlxkxHrS vlxkxHodk@vlxkxHrS vlxkxHodk@vlxkxHrS vlxkxHodk@ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,f trsdK;orD;or*~ukd zG J @pnf;vkdufyg+yD? u|efreJ@ *srf;[m +rdK@ e,ftrsdK;orD;or*~ pnf;±H k;a&;aumfrwD

tr_aqmifaumfrwDtzGJ@0ifrsm; jzpfvm ygw,f? &ufykdif;twGif; vlxkpnf;±Hk;a&; c&D;xGuf&ygawmhr,f? wcgrS c&D;rxGufzl; ao;yg? 0rf;omovkdvkd a=umufovkdvkd wrsdK;}uD; jzpfaeygw,f? +rdK@e,ftrsdK;orD; or*~ tr_aqmiftpnf;ta0;xkdif+yD; e,fqif;&r,fh tzGJ@ 3 zGJ@zGJ@ay;vkdufygw,f? tzGJ@wzGJ@rSm 3 a,mufpD yg0ifw,f? u|efrwkd@ tzGJ@rSm u|efr&,f/ *srf;&,f/ ti,f&,f?/ tzGJ@rª;tjzpf u|efrukd tm;vHk;&J@ qENt& wm0efay;vkdufygw,f? u|efrwkd@u u|efrwkd@xuf 0g&ifhwJh trsdK;orD;&Jabmf}uD;awG

65

yg0ifapcsifygw,f? olwkd@uvnf; “vkyf&if;oif/ oif&if;vkyf”qkd+yD; u|efrwkd@ukd trSDckduif;uif; vkyfukdif Ekdifatmif wm0effay; vkduf=uw,f?&GmawGa&muf&if vlxkeJ@qufqHa&;/ vlxktay: oabmxm; pwmawGukd tm;vHk;&Sif;vif;n¸ef=um; ay;ygw,f? vkyfief; awGuawmh-(1)vuf&Sdtajctae &Sif;jy(2) trsdK;orD;or*~zGJ@pnf;(3) vlxk tajc taeavhvm(4) ygwDoDcsif;awG 0g'jzef@ æ pwmawG jzpfygw,f?

wm0efuswJh &Gm 6 &Gm[m +rdK@e,f±Hk;eJ@ ra0;ygbl;? ysOf;rem;-awmifndKoGm; um;vrf;ab;u&GmawG jzpfygw,f? u|efrwkd@ wm0efuswJh&Gmw&GmrSm c±kdifygwD±Hk; &Sdygw,f? 'gukdvnf; awG;+yD;vef@aerdygw,f? (w&m;a[m&if trSm;awG ygrSmukd vef@aerdwmyg?)

tJ'Dae@u reufpmpm;+yD; c&D;xGufcJh=uw,f? tzGJ@ 3 zGJ@vHk; twlc&D;xGuf+yD; um;vrf;twkdif; 2 rkdifavmuf av#mufvkdufawmhu|efrwkd@ wm0efus&Gmukd a&muf yg+yD? t&ifqHk; udk,fh&JabmfawGeJ@ cGJ+yD; u|efrwkd@tzGJ@ &GmxJukd 0ifcJhygw,f?

&Gmvnfaumif anmifyifatmufrSm jynfol@ppf&Jabmfwa,muf uif;apmifh aeygw,f? ‘&yf’vkd@ toH=um;vkdufwmeJ@ u|efrwkd@3 a,mufvHk; &yfaevkduf+yD; uif; &Jabmf&J@ tar;ukd ajzaeygw,f?

“axmufcHpmyg&J@vm;? jyyg” u|efrwkd@ 3 a,mufvHk;u axmufcHpmukd jyvkdufawmh uif;&Jabmfu ao aocsmcsm zwf=unfh+yD;-

“±Hk;xJrSm oGm;+yD; tem;,l=uyg? tvSnfhuswJh OD;}uD;ndK xrif;jyefpm;aeyg w,f? c%qkd&if jyefvmr,f”em&D0ufavmuf =umwJhtxd OD;}uD;ndK jyefra&mufao;awmh uif;&Jabmf [m ±Hk;a&S@rSm qGJxm;wJh oHacsmif;ukd acgufaeygw,f?

c%avmuf=umawmh OD;}uD;ndK qkdwJh OD;av;}uD;wa,muf a&mufvmyg+yD? u|efrwkd@ukd +yHK;&,fE_wfquf+yD; axmufcH pmukd awmif;=unfhygw,f?vm&if;udpPukdvnf; ar;ygw,f? 'D&GmrSm aer,fhtcsdef ukdvnf; ar;ygw,f? u|efrwkd@u 5 &ufavmuf aer,fajymawmh &Gmu trsdK;orD;acgif;aqmif tdrfukd ykd@ay;ygw,f? “xrif;ukdawmh tvSnfhustdrfawGu ykd@ay;r,f”fvkd@ &Sif;jyyg w,f? wnf;&r,fh tdrfukd a&mufawmh tdrf&Sif trsdK;orD;acgif;aqmifeJ@ awG@ygw,f? OD;}uD;ndKu u|efrwkd@eJ@ rdwfquf ay;+yD;awmhjyefoGm;ygw,f? tdrf&Sif trsdK;orD; acgif;aqmif[m tysdK}uD;yg? rdbESpfyg;eJ@ twlaeygw,f? tdrfu us,fw,f? oef@&Sif; w,f?wtdrfom;vHk;uvnf; oabmaumif;=uygw,f? a&cyf/ armif;axmif;qefzGyf/ xrif;csufpwJh vkyfief;awGukd u|efrwkd@uvnf; ulnDw,f?nusawmh &GmxJu trsdK;orD;}uD;i,f 20 avmuf&Sdr,f? tvnfvm=uw,f? jynfol@ppfacgif;aqmifu acgif;aqmif+yD; vli,fwcsdK@vnf;vmvnf=uw,f? +rdK@e,fu &JabmfawGrkd@ a&mufvm wm tvGef0rf;oma=umif;/ aemifvnf; r=umc% vmzkd@awmif;qkdygw,f? “+rdK@e,fuuGefjrLepf vli,fpnf;±Hk;a&;tzGJ@ r=umcif vmawmhr,fh”ta=umif; ajymjyawmh olwkd@ tm;vHk; awmfawmf 0rf;om=uygw,f? tajctaeawGajymjy+yD;aemuf awmfvSefa&; oDcsif;awG qkdjyygw,f? aemuf oDcsif;vkdcsifolrsm;ukd oDcsif;a&;ay;vkduf/ xyfqkdjy vkdufeJ@ n 10 em&DavmufusrSjyef=uygw,f? trsdK;orD;av;awGu aemufwae@ ae@vnf tdrfvnfvmzkd@ zdwfac:=uygw,f? u|efrwkd@u“vmr,f”vkd@ ajymvkduf awmh0rf;yef;womeJ@ jyef=uygw,f?

vGwfvyfwJh armifwkd@qD0,fvGwfvyfwJh armifwkd@qD0,fvGwfvyfwJh armifwkd@qD0,fvGwfvyfwJh armifwkd@qD0,fvGwfvyfwJh armifwkd@qD0,ftvGefom,mw,ftvGefom,mw,ftvGefom,mw,ftvGefom,mw,ftvGefom,mw,fu|efrwkd@ vGwfajrmufa'o[m tvGefaysmfp&m aumif;ygw,f? &Gmwkdif;rSm jynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@/ awmifol v,form;or*~/

trsdK;orD;or*~/ uGefjrLepfvli,f tzGJ@/ jynfol@ppf(jynfol@ppftzGJ@rSm vufeufukdifjynfol@ppf/ ±kd;±kd;jynfol@ ppf&,fvkd@ 2rsdK;&Sd)/ v,form;OD;}uD;awGuvnf; ±Hk;rSm tvSnfhusxkdif+yD; tkyfcsKyfa&;vkyfief;rsm; pepfwus aqmif&Gufygw,f? uif;wJrSmvnf; ae@uif;nuif; pepf&Sdygw,f?olckd; "m;jy&efvnf; r&Sd? at;csrf;om,mcJhygw,f? vlxkw&yfvHk;[m pnf;vHk;nDnGwf+yD; aysmf&$ifcsrf;ajr@zG,f aumif;vSygw,f?

reufzefrSm u|efrwkd@ wnf;ck dwJh tdrfeJ@ wtdrfausmfu v,fpk dufrSmrk d @ olwkd@ tdrfrSm xrif;pm;zk d @ ac:xm;ygw,f?'ga=umifhnuwnf;uoGm;+yD; vkyfp&m&Sdwm ulvkyfay;ygw,f? u|efrwkd@u tJ'DvkdulnDvkd@ olwkd@u tm;emw,f? odyfvnf; 0rf;om=uw,fvkd@tdrf&Sifta':}uD;u ajymjyygw,f?

“tckvkyfwJhv,f[m ajr&SifqDrSm oD;pm;cay;+yD; vkyfvmwm? (10)ESpf ausmf+yD? &moDOwk raumif;vkd@ pyg;xGufavsmhvkd@ av#mh,lzkd@awmif;yefayr,fh wcgrS r&cJhbl;? taºu;awGeJ@ ywfcsmvnfcJhw,f? tckawmh aºu;awGvnf; ausvkd@ touf ±SLacsmifygw,f?vGwfajrmufvm+yDrkd@ vlcsif;wlwl aeEkdifyg+yD? 'DESpfawmh acsmarm tqif ajyr,fqkd&if om;av;&SifjyKzkd@ rSef;xm;w,f”vkd@ ta':u +yHK;+yHK;&$if&$ifeJ@ajym jyae ygw,f? a=omf æ ta':wkd@ b0 om,m&$ifvef;Ekdifygap?

v,fxJukd xrif;oGm;ykd@awmh u|efrwkd@vnf; vkdufoGm;ygw,f? aumufpkduforawG vHkcsnfav;awG 'l;avmuf0wfjyD;carmufawG ukd,fpDaqmif;vkd@ oDcsif;awG oH+ydKif[pfae=uw,f? aerGef;wnfhcgeD;+yDrk d@ xrif;pm;=uyg+yD? [if;u yJjyKwf qDqrf;/vufzuf&nf=urf;eJ@ pm;vkd@ tvGefaumif;ygw,f? i±kwfoD; axmif;uvnf; ygao;w,f? pm;+yD;r=umvkdufygbl;? bkwfol}uD; t&D;nHu“a[h-qif;=ua[h jref jref? nae apmapm wuf&atmif? }udK;pm;vkduf prf;? nae0ufom; qDjyef[if;a[h? 'D[if;rsdK; b,ftdrfrSrau|;Ekdifao;bl;? 'Dtdrfu aps;OD;aygufyJ? pkdufvkdufa[haemf? vufuGuf aumif;aumif;av;”vkd@ atmf+yD; tm;ay;aeygw,f?

*srf;eJ@ ti,fwkd@u aumufpkdufwwfawmh pkduful=u? u|efruawmh rpkduf wwfvkd@ Am[D& ulnDay;? a[m-+yD;cgawmif eD;ae+yD?“}udwfvkduf=uprf;a[h? +yD;awmhr,f” tvkd-[kdem;u tpku bmjzpfwm vJrod? pDpDnHnH vkyfae=uw,f?“a[h-aygufpwkd@tpk bmpDnH/ pDnHvkyfaewmvJ”“t&D;nH æ a[m'DrSm ysdK;xHk;xJu om;±kyfuav; ygvmvkd@”“a[h-aumif;w,f? aumif;w,f? b,fol@qD ygvmovJ? b,fol &ovJa[h”“aygufpqDrSm t&D;a& æ a[m'DDrSm? a[m'DrSm”

66

raygufpqDukd qlqlnHnHeJ@ atmf[pf+yD; 0kdif;vm=uvkd@ t&D;nHu awmfawmf atmfaigufae&w,f?“a[h-aumifrawG ukd,fhae&mukd,fjyef=u? ukd,fhtvkyfukd,f +yD;atmif vkyf =u”“a[h-aygufpay;ay;? tJ'Dom;±kyfav;? igc% xdef;xm;r,f?nnf;tvkyf +yD;atmifvkyf” t&D;nH[m ajymajymqkdqkdeJ@ raygufpqDu

om;±kyfuav;ukd ayG@+yD; uefoif;cHkay: xkdifcsum uav;acsmhaeygw,f?(tJ'Dvkd ysdK;±kyfuav;&&if v,f&Sifa&m aumufpkdufrtzGJ@yg tifrwef vmbfaumif;w,fvkd@ t,ltq&Sdygw,f? ysdK;E_wform;u

ysdK;yifuav;eJ@ uav; ±kyfvkyf+yD; ysdK;xHk;xJrSm ckd;xnfhxm;? aumufpkduforu ysdK;xHk;jznf+yD; aumufpdkuf r,fvkyfawmh ysdK;±kyfuav;ukdawG@?tJ'Dvkd awG@olu uav;tar jzpfoGm; ygw,f? ab;u tazmfawGyg uav;tazukd 0kdif;ul &Smay;=ueJ@ aysmfp&m}uD;yg? uav; taruom;acsmhoDcsif;awGqkd/ uav;acsmh? v,f&Siftdrf a&mufwJhtcg uav;acsmh aw;awG qkd=u/ wD;=u/ uckef=uaygh? +yD;awmh v,f&SifeJ@uav;tarwkd@u tjyeftvSefpum;qkd+yD; v,f&Sifu ysdK;±kyfom;uav;ukd a&G;,l&ygw,f? ,lwJhtcg wcsdK@wwfEkdifolrsm;u a&$pifa&/aiGpifa&rsm;eJ@ yufzsef;+yD;rS tjrwfwEkd; vufcH,l ygw,f? 'gu r*Fvm&Sdatmif vkyfenf;yg? v,f&Sifu ay;wJhaiGudk uav;taruukd,fykdifr,l&bJ? aumufpkdufor tzGJ@ukday;+yD; &efyHkaiGtjzpfxm; &ygw,f? aEG a&mufawmh aumufpkdufortzGJ@&J@ ukokdvf'getjzpf wckckvª'gef;=uygw,f? tif rwef aumif;wJh tpOftvm wckyg?)

ysdK;±kyfuav;awG@+yD; r=umrD v,fpkdufvkd@ +yD;yg+yD? tcsdefu apmygao; w,f? nae(3)em&DavmufyJ &SdygtHk;r,f? tkd;pnfawGwD;?oDcsif;awGqkd? wvrf;vHk; aysmf&$if vmygw,f? vrf;ay:rSm awG@or#vlawGukdvnf; bkwfol}uD; t&D;nHu ºum;vkd@ rqHk;Ekdifatmif jzpfae&ygw,f?

“a[; æ aumifrawG? igwkd@tzGJ@ ysdK;±kyfuav; &xm;w,fa[h”eJ@ wvrf; vHk; ºum;&if;eJ@ vmvkdufwm/ a[m æ &Gm t0ifanmifyif}uD;ukd a&mufvmyg+yD?

“a[h-ae=utHk;a[h? igwkd@ 'Dvkd}uD;0ifvkd@ raumif;bl;? ESpfa,mufwwGJ nDnD wef;+yD; atmifygavoDcsif;ukd qkdu˜u&if; 0if=ur,f?aygufpu uav;ukd ykcufxJ xnfh+yD; v$J&if;vdkufcJh”

tm;vHk;0kdif;+yD; nDnDnmnm qkd=uawmh tkd;pnform;uvnf; pnfawmfoH wD;ay;eJ@ em;axmifvkd@ awmfawmf aumif;ygw,f?raygufpeJ@ tazmfwa,muf[m uav;ukd wbufi,f tjzLuav;wxnfeJ@ xkyfxm;+yD; wbuf}uD; wxnfukd ykcufyHko¿mefvkyf/uav;ukd xnfhv$J&if; oDcsif;qkdum oGm;aeygw,f? tkd æ rsm;vkdufwJh vlawG? yGJusaewmyJ? pnfum;vkdufwm w&GmvHk;u uav;vl}uD; tukefygyJvm;? v,f&Sifu t&D;r_efwJh?tdrf0kdif;xJrSma&m/ tdrfay:rSma&m vlawGazG;azG;v_yfaewmyJ? tajctaeawGtm;vHk; owif; }udK&xm;+yDrkd@ tdrf a&S@rSm oajyyef;tkd;eJ@?+yD;awmh aiGzvm; ti,fwvHk;xJrSm t&D;r_efem;uyf&,f/ aiG'*Fg; wjym;&,f xnfhpdrfxm;wJh a&$pifaiGpifa&uvnf; t&Hoifhaygh?

t&D;nHu tdrf0kdif;xJ 0ifr,fhvkyfawmh atmifygav oDcsif;qkd+yD;/ pnfawmf wD;ckdif;w,f? u|efrwkd@ 3 a,mufukd ol@aemufuvkdufckdif;w,f? olu a&S@qHk;u OD;aqmifu,awmh æ u|efrwkd@vnf; raeombJ tm;vkHk; u=uygw,f? t&D;r_efu aiGzvm;ukdykduf+yD; oajycufeJ@a&$pifaiGpifa&awG t&D;nHupvkd@ wzGJ@vHk;ukd yufzsef; ygawmhw,f? tdrfay:rSm tawmf=um u,+yD; awmh “uJ-igwkd@wm0ef aus+yDa[h?aygufp tvSnfhyJ usefawmhw,f”vkd@ t&D;nHu ajymvkdufawmh raygufpuvnf; om;acsmh oDcsif;eJ@ ykcufv$J+yD; uav;acsmhygw,f? toHvnf;awmfawmfaumif; ygw,f? em&D0ufavmuf =umawmh raygufp uajymygw,f?

“uav;u tarwa,mufwnf; acsmh&wmrkd@ rwdwfbl;? tazuvnf; tvnf vGefaew,f? uav;u armvS+yD” qkdwJhta=umif;oDcsif;eJ@ qkdvmw,f? 'DwGif t&D;nHu umvom;acgif; ukdzkd;vSbufukd vSnfhum “a[h-zkd;vS”vkd@ qkdvdkufygw,f? bm&rvJ? ukdzkd;vSuvnf; ajy;zkd@zifwºuºujzpfaewJh ukdatmifykukd zrf;csKyfvkdufygawmhw,f? (ukdatmifykeJ@ raygufp[m aEGayguf&if vufxyfzkd@ ESpfbufaom rdbrsm;uoabmwlxm;wJh pHkwGJyg?)

t&D;nHu xwJh+yD; “a[h-atmifyk uav;&ifacsmhrvm;? 'grSr[kwf a&$tkd; pnf uukd u, rvm;? }udKufwmwcka&G;?'gyJ”vkd@ajymvkdufawmh vlpk}uD;u ‘a[;’ vkd@atmf+yD; 0kdif;axmufcHvkdufygw,f?

ukdatmifyku“[m æ t&D;nHuvnf; usKyfbmom at;at;aq;aq; aeprf; yg&ap? r[kwfwm rvkyfprf;ygeJ@” vkd@ nnf;nnf;nLajymae&Smw,f?

“r&bl;a[h-r&bl;? wckckawmh vkyfrS&r,f” t&D;nHu tav#mhray;?“uJAsm æ tkd;pnfuyJ u,awmhr,f”“at; æ 'DvkdrSaygh” y&dowf}uD;uvnf; ‘a[;’vkd@atmf+yD; =obm ay; vkdufyg+yD? ukd}uD;vSuvnf; tkd;pnfukd vm,l oGm;+yD;

‘xHk-xHk’eJ@vufprf;&if; rif;om; ukd ac:aeygw,f? watmifhavmuf=umawmh ykavGq&m zdk;eDvnf; a&mufvmyg w,f? tkd;pnf0kdif;upwD;yg+yD? ESpfausmhavmuf wD;+yD;awmh tkd;pnfrif;om; xGufvm ygw,f? t&D;r_Hu jyifay;vkdufwm rqkd;ygbl;? oeyfcg; yg;uGufawGbmawGeJ@qdkawmh ukdatmifyk}uD;u tvSom;? raygufp crsmvnf; t+idrfrae&? oli,fcsif;awGu 0dkif;pvkd@ aeygw,f? w±kef;±kef;eJ@aygh?uav;av; uawmh wbufeJ@wbuf aps; wnfhoGm;+yDrkd@ t&D;r_Hwkd@ tdrfxJrSm tusteaygh?

arSmif&Dvnf; ysdK;vmawmh t&D;r_Hu “uJ-uJ/ 'gavmufqkd&avmufyg+yD”D vkd@ atmfajymvkdufawmhrS tm;vHk; +idrfoGm; =uw,f?'DawmhrSyJ xrif;pm;&rSef; odvm yg awmhw,f? pm;aomuf+yD;awmhvnf; odrf;p&m&SdwmawG odrf;=uaq;a=um=ueJ@? tm;vHk;+yD;rS jyefvmw,f?

tdrfa&mufawmh tdrf&Siftpfr}uD;u u|efrukd ar;ygw,f? “aysmf&J@vm;”wJh?“aysmfygw,f”vkd@ u|efruajzawmh “wkd@awmrSmawmh 'DvkdyJ? +rdK@vkdawmh ±kyf&SifawG bmawG r&Sdbl;? +rdK@rSmawmh aysmfp&mawG

rsm;w,f? wkd@awmrSmawmh 'Dae@ vkd[m rsdK;av;awGaygh”wJh?

67

u|efrtaeeJ@ pOf;pm;rdygw,f? “tif; æ awm"avh/ awmbmombm0/ ol@[meJ@ol aysmf&wmygyJvm;”vkd@?'D&GmrSmae&if; aemufxyf aumufpkdufwJhtdrf ESpftdrfoHk;tdrfavmuf vkduf pm;& ygao;w,f? 'gayr,fh t&D;r_H tdrfavmufawmh

aysmfp&mraumif; awmhbl;?reufzef ±Hk;ukd jyef&ygawmhr,f? wm0efuswJh&Gm 6 &GmvHk; trsdK;orD;or*~ zGJ@pnf;vkd@ +yD;yg+yD? a&mufwJh ae&mwkdif;u

tzGJ@tpnf;tm;vHk;/ vlxkawGtm;vHk;u vkdav;ao;r&Sdatmif 0kdif;0ef;ulnD=uygw,f? om,mukef;qkdwJh&GmrSm w&m;yGJ vkyfwJhnu &ifxJw'dwf'dwfeJ@? *srf;uvnf; “vef@w,f? w&m; ra[m&Jbl;”vkd@ ajymae/ jiif;aevkd@/ renf;tm;ay;+yD; vkyfae&ygw,f? ta=umif;uawmh'DteD; w0kdufrSm c±kdifygwD±Hk; &Sdaevkd@ygyJ? “ukd,fw&m;a[mwJhtxJ trSm;awG ygoGm;rvm;” vkd@ pdk;&drfpdwfu v$rf;aevkd@yg? “tkd-ukd,fajymwJhtcsuftvufawG[m tckdiftrm ta=umif;tcsufawGyJ? nmaewmrS r[kwfbJ” vkd@ ukd,fhbmomvnf; tm;ay;&if; *srf;ukdvnf;twif;wGef;wifae&ygw,f?

tJ'Dnu wm0efcGJwJhae&mrSm *srf;u oltrsdK;orD;or*~ zGJ@pnf;a&;ukdyJ wm0ef,lr,fqkdvkd@ u|efru vuf&Sd tajctaeukd &Sif;jywJhwm0ef,l&ygw,f? n w&m;yGJrSm c±kdif±Hk;u &Jabmf 4-5 a,muf vmwmawG@&ygw,f? ukd,fa[majymr,fh tcsufawGukd aumif;aumif;jyif+yD;a[majymcJhygw,f? w&m;yGJuawmh acsmarmpGm +yD;oGm;cJhyg+yD?

reufvif;wmeJ@ &GmOD;ausmif;u q&mawmfbk&m;ukdvnf; oGm;uefawmh cJhygw,f? 'Dq&mawmf[m tdrf&Sifta':&J@ OD;&D;awmfjzpfygw,f? q&mawmfu &GmxJu vªxm;wJh aumufn‡if;aygif;ukd csau|;aevkd@ reufpmukd aumif;aumif;rpm;Ekdif awmhyg? &GmxJutazmfoli,fcsif; rdef;uav;wokdufuvnf; vmE_wfquf&if; “olwkd@oDcsif; r&ao;vkd@ xyfqdkjyygOD;”qkdvkd@ qkdjyae&ygw,f?

tdrfu ta':u “[Jh-olwkd@vrf;rSm aeylrdaeyghr,fawmf? nnf;wkd@uvnf; 'Dwacgufr&ao;vnf; aemufwacgufayghath”“tkd æ t&D;uvnf; olwkd@u vrf;rsm;w,f? aemufwacguf rvmawmh b,fES,fhvkyfrvJ”vkd@ twif;ajymaevkd@ u|efrwkd@u-“tkd-pdwfcsyg? wjcm;ae&m wm0efusvnf; 'Dvrf;uyJ oGm;&rSm? 0ifvnf jzpfatmif vnfyghr,f? r=umcif awmfvSefa&;ae@

vlxkw&m;yGJvkyf&if vkdufcJh=uaemf? u|efrwkd@ oDcsif;awG xyfoifay;tHk;r,f”vkd@ ajymvkdufawmh tm;vHk;u oabmus oGm;w,f?“uJ-uav;rwkd@ aeylaeawmhr,f? oGm;=upkd@”vkd@ u|efrwkd@ukd ykd@&r,fh OD;av;}uD;uvnf; vSrf;owday;&if; ac:vkdufawmhrS

tm;vHk;ae&mux+yD; &Gmxdyf txd vkdufykd@=uw,f? vlcsif;cG J=uawmh u|efrpdwfxJrSm aqGrsdK;om;csif;awGeJ@ cGJ&ovkd cHpm;rd+yD;rsuf&nfvnfrdcJhwmukd rae@wae@uvkdyJ pdwfxJ cHpm;ae&w,f?

oabmjzL raemjzL awmolysdK,rif;wkd@oabmjzL raemjzL awmolysdK,rif;wkd@oabmjzL raemjzL awmolysdK,rif;wkd@oabmjzL raemjzL awmolysdK,rif;wkd@oabmjzL raemjzL awmolysdK,rif;wkd@awmfawmfa0;a0; a&mufoGm;vkd@ aemufukd jyefvSnfh=unfhvkdufawmh reuf cif; aea&mifjcnfatmufrSm vlpkpkav;ukd

vSrf;jrifae&ygw,f? a=omf æ olwkd@ ckxd &GmxJ r0ifao;bJ =unfhae=uwkef;yJvkd@ awG;rd&if; bm&,fvkd@ razmfjyEkdifwJh cHpm;r_ wrsdK;ukdcHpm;vkduf&ygw,f?

“*srf;a& æ [kdrSm jyef=unfhygtHk;? tpfr}uD;wkd@wawG tckxd tdrfrjyef ao;bl;”vkd@ wtHhw=o atmfajymvkdufawmh *srf;uygjyefvSnfh=unfh+yD; “[,f æ [kwfyg&J@aemf? tcktxd olwkd@rjyef=uao;bl;”? vSrf;atmf E_wfquf=unfhygw,f? r&awmhyg? ae&mu awmfawmfa0;ae+yDrkd@ r=um;awmhyg?

“=unfa& æ olwkd@-wkd@ukd awmfawmfcif=uw,faemf”“[kwfw,f? =unfwkd@uvnf; awmfawmfcifygw,f? 'gayr,fh rjyefvkd@ r&bl;av? tpnf;ta0; aemufus&if ta0zefcH&rSm”“[kwfw,f? aemufwacgufayghuGm? aemufwacgufawmh 0ifjzpfatmifukd 0ifr,f”u|efrvnf; vrf;oGm;&if; i,fi,fwkef;u ausmif;ydwf&if tbkd;buftrsdK; awGqD tvnfoGm;&w,f? w&GmvHk;u qif;&Jvkdufwm

tvGefygyJ? trsdK;rawmf pyfol&,fvkd@vnf; r&Sdyg? ykd&if;wmeJ@ enf;enf;a0;wm? 'gyJuGmw,f? cifvkdufwm? tm;vHk;u ol@tdrfvmyg?ightdrfvmygeJ@ tvkt,uf ac:=uwm? reufpm pm;+yD; uwnf;u OD;av;}uD;eJ@twl tvnf xGuf=uwm? olwkd@qDa&muf&if r&Sd &Sdwmav;awGau|;? oDcsif;qkdckdif;/ uckdif;eJ@ tenf;qHk; oDcsif;wyk'favmufawmh qkdjy&w,f? rqkd&if jyefrv$wfyg? w&GmvHk; uav;vl}uD;tm;vHk;utvGefcif=uw,f? u|efrvnf; tvGefaysmfw,f? olwkd@wawG u|efrudk cifwm “trsdK;rkd@ cifw,f”vkd@ xifwm tck awmh &Sif;oGm;yg+yD?bmaqGrsdK;rS awmfawmf-rawmfawmf/ awm"avh awmp±kdufukdu vlcsif;awG@&if tvGefcifrifwwf+yD; oabmjzL/ raemjzL/ tvGef±kd;om;jzLpifw,f? apwem o'<gw&m; xufoefvSw,f? [efaqmifr_ vHk;0r&Sd? awmeJ@+rdK@ rwlygvm;? 'Dtodukd u|efr vufawG@xJu &vkdufw,f?

ed*Hk;csKyftpnf;ta0;ed*Hk;csKyftpnf;ta0;ed*Hk;csKyftpnf;ta0;ed*Hk;csKyftpnf;ta0;ed*Hk;csKyftpnf;ta0;u|efrwkd@ vkyfief;wm0efeJ@ c&D;xGufwJhtzGJ@ 3 zGJ@vHk;tcsdefrDjyefa&muf ygw,f? ed*Hk;csKyfawmh vkyfief;awG tm;vHk; atmifjrif=uygw,f?

c&D;xGufu jyefvm+yD; tm;vHk; tvkyfawG ykdrsm;vmygw,f? txl;ojzifh ±Hk;vkyfief;awG rsm;vmwmyg? aus;&Gm trsdK;orD;or*~0if pm&if;awGrSwfyHkwif/ or*~0ifa=u;aiGawGukdawmh acgif; aqmifawGxH tyfay;? tpnf;ta0;u qHk;jzwfcsuft& b¾ma&;r–;(,m,D)wm0ef u|efrukday;vk d @ / b,fvk dr S jii f;r&vk d @ a=umufa=umufeJ @ wm0ef ,lvk duf&w,f? &vmwJ h or*~a=u;aiG tm;vH k ;xJu 10µuk dtxuf(c±kdiftrsdK;orD;or*~)ukd tyf& ygw,f? aiGpm&if;rvkyfwwfwJh u|efrukd oifay;ygw,f? ±Hk;vkyfief;vkyfenf;awG ukdvnf;avhvm&ygw,f? &GmxJu OD;}uD;awGu wifjyvkdufwJh vlxktoHu tm;vHk;vm wlae ygw,f? “+rdK@e,fu acgif;aqmifawG rvmwm =um+yD?vmcJh=uygOD;”wJ@? ([kwfyg w,f? EkdifiHa&;oifwef;ausmif; zGifhwma&m/ wjcm;vkyfief;awGa&mrkd@ e,frxGuf Ekdifwm =umyg+yD?)

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v,form;}uD; OD;qm;v,form;}uD; OD;qm;v,form;}uD; OD;qm;v,form;}uD; OD;qm;v,form;}uD; OD;qm;wae@rSm reufpmpm;+yD; ±Hk;vkyfief;vufusefawGudk vufpowfrvkd@ ±Hk;pm;yGJrSm *srf;eJ@ twlxkdifaewkef; +AkKef;ueJ “vm=uygtHk;?

u,f=uygtHk;-t&yfwkd@a&? u,f=uygtHk;” ygwD±Hk;(±Hk;tkyf) &Jabmfatmifxl;&J@ xl;xl;jcm;jcm; atmfoHukd em;axmif &if; u|efrwkd@ESpfa,mufvnf; &,faerdygw,f?

“a[mAsm; æ awmfw,fa[h? olrsm; 'kuQa&mufaeygw,fqkdrS &,fae=u w,f? “vm=uygtHk;[? ighudk ulnD=uygtHk; qdkrSeifwkd@uvnf;[m æ”

“ukdatmifxl;uvnf; bmrSef;vJ rodbl;? tultnDvkdw,fqkdvnf; aumif;aumif;ajymwm r[kwfbl;”“at;uGm igvnf;pdwf±_yf±_yfeJ@ atmfaerdwmyguGm? 'Dae@wreufcif;vHk; ighukd 'kuQay;aewm igb,fvkd vkyf&rSef; rodawmhbl;?

±l;csifvm+yD”“'DrSmav usnfawmifuef+rdK@e,fu tpD&ifcHpm? igawmh b,fvdkrSukd zwfvkd@ t"dym,frxGufbl;? tJ'g rif;wkd@ESpf a,mufygzwf+yD;

t"dy`m,f &Sm=unfh =uygtHk;”ajymajymqkdqkdeJ@ ay;vmwJhpmukd ,l+yD; u|efrwkd@ ESpfa,muf=unfhvkduf yg w,f? vufa&;u bkef;}uD;ausmif;om; vufa&;yg?

owfyHktrSm;awGvnf; rsm;yg w,f? tay:rSm a&;xm;wmuawmh &efol@owif;ay;ykd@jcif;vkd@ yg-ygw,f? 'Dwkef;u atmufajc+rdK@e,fawGuwvw}udrf yHkrSef tpD&ifcHpm ykd@&ygw,f? xl;jcm;wm&Sd&if =um;jzwf tpD&ifcH&ygw,f? tm;vHk;tpD&ifcHpm a&;wwfatmif erlemjy+yD;oifay;yg w,f? tm;vHk;uvnf; wufwufºuºu tpD&ifcH=uygw,f? ol@tpD&ifcHpmudk zwf+yD; u|efrwkd@3 a,muf jyefn‡dE_dif;vkduf/qufzwfvkduf/ jyefn‡dE_dif;vkdufeJ@ t"dy`m,ff t awmf azmf,l&ygw,f? (Armjynfvkd acwfaemufuswJh v,form;wkdif;jynfrSm(Armjynfvkd acwfaemufuswJh v,form;wkdif;jynfrSm(Armjynfvkd acwfaemufuswJh v,form;wkdif;jynfrSm(Armjynfvkd acwfaemufuswJh v,form;wkdif;jynfrSm(Armjynfvkd acwfaemufuswJh v,form;wkdif;jynfrSmjynfol@'Drkdua&pD awmfvSefa&;qkdwm aus;vufukd tajccHwJh v,form; trsm;pk yg0ifwJh v,form;ppfyGJjzpfvkd@ tpD&ifcHpm ra&;wwf?jynfol@'Drkdua&pD awmfvSefa&;qkdwm aus;vufukd tajccHwJh v,form; trsm;pk yg0ifwJh v,form;ppfyGJjzpfvkd@ tpD&ifcHpm ra&;wwf?jynfol@'Drkdua&pD awmfvSefa&;qkdwm aus;vufukd tajccHwJh v,form; trsm;pk yg0ifwJh v,form;ppfyGJjzpfvkd@ tpD&ifcHpm ra&;wwf?jynfol@'Drkdua&pD awmfvSefa&;qkdwm aus;vufukd tajccHwJh v,form; trsm;pk yg0ifwJh v,form;ppfyGJjzpfvkd@ tpD&ifcHpm ra&;wwf?jynfol@'Drkdua&pD awmfvSefa&;qkdwm aus;vufukd tajccHwJh v,form; trsm;pk yg0ifwJh v,form;ppfyGJjzpfvkd@ tpD&ifcHpm ra&;wwf?a&;jyefawmhvnf; ckvkdt"dy`m,f azmf& cufwwfygw,f? 'g[m a&Smifv$Jr&wJh jy\emw&yfyg?)a&;jyefawmhvnf; ckvkdt"dy`m,f azmf& cufwwfygw,f? 'g[m a&Smifv$Jr&wJh jy\emw&yfyg?)a&;jyefawmhvnf; ckvkdt"dy`m,f azmf& cufwwfygw,f? 'g[m a&Smifv$Jr&wJh jy\emw&yfyg?)a&;jyefawmhvnf; ckvkdt"dy`m,f azmf& cufwwfygw,f? 'g[m a&Smifv$Jr&wJh jy\emw&yfyg?)a&;jyefawmhvnf; ckvkdt"dy`m,f azmf& cufwwfygw,f? 'g[m a&Smifv$Jr&wJh jy\emw&yfyg?)azmfvkd@&vkdufwJh tpD&ifcHpm uawmh-

okd@ twGif;a&;r–; jynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&; ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,f

udpP? ? &efol@owif;ay;ykd@jcif; u|efawmf OD;qm; tpD&ifcHygonf? æ æ æ æ æ æ æ &ufae@u usnfawmifuefaps;xJ rSm

ykvdyfESpfa,muf vm? bmudpPvJar;? =oZmoD;0,f jzpfygonf?tav;eDjzifh OD;qm;usnfawmifuef+rdK@e,f

,Hk=unfcsuf[m xufjrufvSonf/,Hk=unfcsuf[m xufjrufvSonf/,Hk=unfcsuf[m xufjrufvSonf/,Hk=unfcsuf[m xufjrufvSonf/,Hk=unfcsuf[m xufjrufvSonf/,Hk=unfcsufukd vufeuftjzpf&nf,Hk=unfcsufukd vufeuftjzpf&nf,Hk=unfcsufukd vufeuftjzpf&nf,Hk=unfcsufukd vufeuftjzpf&nf,Hk=unfcsufukd vufeuftjzpf&nfaEG&moDwae@rSm rar#mfvifhwJh owif;qkd;wck a&mufvmygw,f? æ æ æ æ æ&ufae@reuf vif;tm;}uD; tcsdefrSm

usnfawmifuef+rdK@e,f/ ygwD±Hk;Xmeukd &efol u tvpf0ifa&mufwkdufckdufvkd@ +rdK@e,fwyffeJ@ wkdufyGJkjzpf? wkdufyGJwGif rdrdbufrS w a,muf'%f&m&? &efol zrf;rdoGm;? towfcH&? ±Hk;ypPnf;tm;vHk; qHk;±_H;r_r&Sd? &efol csufcsif;jyef qkwfoGm;?

owif;tjynfhtpHku 'Dvkdyg? wkdufyGJtwGif; '%f&meJ@rkd@ tzrf;cH&oluawmh usnfawmifuef+rdK@e,f twGif;a&;rª; OD;qm;jzpfygw,f?aygifrSm '%f&m&wmrkd@ roGm;Ekdifawmh &efol@vufwGif; usa&mufcJhygw,f?

rif;wkd@ukd ig rajymEkdifbl;-}udKufovkdvkyfrif;wkd@ukd ig rajymEkdifbl;-}udKufovkdvkyfrif;wkd@ukd ig rajymEkdifbl;-}udKufovkdvkyfrif;wkd@ukd ig rajymEkdifbl;-}udKufovkdvkyfrif;wkd@ukd ig rajymEkdifbl;-}udKufovkdvkyf&efolu ±kdufESuf+yD; c±kdifacgif;aqmif OD;jrrif;(ysOf;rem;c±kdifygwD aumfrwD OuUÏ) b,frSm&SdovJ ar;ygw,f? ('Dtcsdefu

&Jabmfjrrif;[m usnfawmifuef +rdK@ e,f bufrSm &Sdaeygw,f?) OD;qm;u “bmar;, ar;/ rajym? rif;wkd@}udKufovkd vkyfEkdif w,f”vkd@omajymvkdufw,f?

&efolu OD;qm;ukd t=urf;enf;/ tEkenf; aygif;pHkjzifh “vufeufcs”zkd@ jr‡L qG,f jyefw,f? OD;qm;[m awmfvSefa&;orm;aumif;wa,muf&J@ bmrxDZGJowWdjzifh }uH@}uH@ckdifckdif &yfwnfjy&if; “b,fawmhrS vufeufrcsbl;”vkd@ &efolukd pdefac:vkduf ygw,f? &efol[mb,fvkdrS jr‡LqG,fvkd@ r&EkdifawmhwJhtqHk;rSm OD;qm;ukd acgif;jzwf owfypfvkdfufygw,f? aoG;qmaewJh &efol[m 'DavmufeJ@wiftm;r&ao;bJOD;qm; &J@acgif;jywfukd ,loGm;+yD; usnfawmifuefaps;teD;rSm wkdifwwkdifpkduf csdwfqJGjy xm;ygw,f? 'De,fw0kdufu wufºuolawGukdpdwf"mwfusoGm;atmif OD;csdK;ypf vkdufwmyg?

'gayr,fh &efol&J@ xifjrif,lqcsuf[m wufwufpifatmif rSm;oGm;ygw,f? OD;qm;usoGm; +yD;wJhaemuf ygwD&J@ ‘wAkdvfus/wAkdvfwufpepf’t& +rdK@e,f 'ktwGif; a&;rª;[m twGif;a&;rª;tjzpf qufcHvkdufygw,f? wywftwGif; &efolukd “vrf;jzwf wkdufyGJ”qifE$J+yD;vufpm;acsvkdufygw,f? tJ'DwdkufyGJrSm &efol 2a,mufao/ w a,mufukd oHk@yef;tjzpf zrf;rdcJhwmyg?

69

vufpm;acsyGJukdav E$Jygawmhrnfvufpm;acsyGJukdav E$Jygawmhrnfvufpm;acsyGJukdav E$Jygawmhrnfvufpm;acsyGJukdav E$Jygawmhrnfvufpm;acsyGJukdav E$Jygawmhrnf&efolukd vufpm;acs wkdufvdk@t+yD; 0rf;om=unfEl; tljrL;aewmuawmh zkd;omarmifaygh? &efolwa,mufrdxm; w,f?“tJ'D&efolukd

olukd,fwkdif owfyg& ap”vkd@awmif wifjyawmif;qkdxm;ygw,f? 'Dtcsdefup+yD; +rdK@e,fwyfrª;eJ@ EkdifiHa&; rª;wkd@[m acgif;ukduf&ygw,f?zkd;omarmifukd ac:+yD; aqG;aEG;ygw,f? ygwD&J@ oHk@yef; ay:vpDt& owfzkd@[m rqkdxm;eJ@ ±kdufESuf n‡Of;qJwmawmif rvkyf&? (ukd,fcE<mt& vnf;aumif;/ pdwf"mwf t&vnf;aumif;)n‡Of;yef;ESdyfpufjcif; vHk;0rjyK&?

“zkd;omarmif rif;pdwfukd av#mhyg? igwkd@ wyf[m uGefjrLepfwyfyg”“wyfrª; u|efawmf w&m;ojzifh awmif;qkdaewmyg? u|efawmfwkd@ &Jabmfukd rdwkef;u '%f&m}uD;eJ@ 'D'%f&mukd aq;ukray;±Hkru

±kdufESufn‡Of;qJvkdufao;? 'geJ@ tm;r& ao;bl;? aemufqHk; owfypfw,f? u|efawmf b,fawmhrS rausbl;? OD;}uD; twGuf vufpm; acs&rSu|efawmf auseyfr,f? 'grS r[kwf&if u|efawmfOD;}uD;twGuf em=unf;vGef;vkd@yg? OD;}uD;twGuf wm0efraus&m a&mufvGef; vkd@yg æ”zkd;omarmif [m olawmif;qkdwm r&wJhtqHk; ol@pdwfudk rxdef;EkdifawmhyJ tm;yg;w& ikdcs vkdufygw,f?

“zkd;omarmif &Jabmfa& pdwfukdxdef;yg? yxrqHk; nDav;pOf;pm;&rSmu ‘igbmvJ’ qkdwm tav;teuf pOf;pm; tajz &Sm=unfhyg?ig[m uGefjrLepfwyfom; wa,mufqkdwm awG@&yghr,f? tJ'DuGefjrLepf wyfom;wa,muftaeeJ@ tifrwef vlrqefwJh ±kdif;pkdif;wJhtjyKtrlvkyf[efrSefor# bmukdrS rvkyf&bl;? &efolu uGefjrLepf awGukd tifrwef ±kdif;pkdif;wJh tifrwef =urf;wrf;wJh tifrwefqkd;0g;wJhbDvl;obuf awGyrm jynfolvlxk a=umufvef@atmif ajcmufvef@/ vdrfnm0g'jzef@xm;wm awGeJ@ qef@usifpGmyJ uGefjrLepfqkdwm tifrwefvlom;qef+yD; ,Ofaus;odrfarG@w,f? ‘rl’qkdif&m jy\emay:rSm ckdifrmoavmuf usefjy\emrsm; tay: csOf;uyfwJhtcg tifrwefaysmhaysmif;El;nHhvSw,fqkdwm tcGifhoifhwkdif; vkyf[efeJ@ jy=u&r,f? &efoleJ@ ppfajrjyifrSm ,SOf+ydKifwkdufckdufcsdefrSvGJvkd@ jyifytcsdefrSmuGefjrLepfawG[m vlowf 0g'orm;awG r[kwfbl;qkdwm jy=u&r,f”

“uGefjrLepf0g’tay: ,Hk=unfcsuf ckdifrmxufjrufvSwJh/ &J&ifhvSwJh ‘v,f orm;}uD; OD;qm;’&J@ aemufqHk;txd &efolukd'l;raxmuftnHrcHwJh vkyf[efukd av; pm;pGm twk,l/ olav#mufvSrf;cJhwJh vrf;twkdif; wkd@&Jabmftm;vHk; av#mufvSrf;// ygwD&J@ &nfrSef;csufyef;wkduftwGuf qufvufwkdufyGJ0ifoGm;=uygr,fqkdwmukd tav;teuf t"dÏmefjyK&if; OD;qm;twGuf vufpm;acs=uygpkd@æ”

u|efr txufem;u wae&mrSm a&;om;cJhwJh OD;jrrif;(&Jabmfjrrif;ac: &JabmfrsdK;vGif) ta=umif; ukdqufvuf a&;&ygvdrfhOD;r,f?'grSom u|efr 'Dpmtkyf a&;om;aewJh &nf&G,fcsufukd ykdrkdjynfhpHkoGm;apygvdrfhr,f? &Jabmfjrrif;qkdwm awmifwGif;}uD;Zmwd jzpfygw,f?ArmjynfjynfolawG&J@ ukdvkdeDe,fcsJ@qef@usifa&;/ zufqpf *syefawmfvSefa&;wkd@rSmyg0ifcJholyg? vufeufukdifawmfvSefa&; tpu ysOf;rem;c±kdifaumfrwDOuUÏtjzpf qufwkduf wm0efxrf; aqmifcJh&ol 0g&ifh &Jabmf a[mif;}uD; wOD;jzpfygw,f? ol@ZeD;&JabmfcifEk(a':cifEk)[mvnf; ysOf;rem;c±kdif trsdK;orD;or*~OuUÏ wm0efukd xrf;aqmifcJholjzpfygw,f? 1955ckESpf vrf;pOft&uav;awGa&m rdcifyg +rdK@ay:jyefykd@ cJh&w,f? +rdK@ay:a&mufwJhtcg &efol&J@zrf;qD;axmifcscH&+yD; rdcifeJ@twl ygvmwJh Ekd@pkd@t&G,f om;uav;[maxmifwGif;rSmyJ aoqHk;oGm;cJh&&Smw,f? tJ'Dwkef; uwnf;u rdom;pk wuGJwjym;pD jzpfoGm;cJh&wm &Jabmfjrrif; uG,fvGefoGm;wJh tcsdeftxdygyJ?

&Jabmfjrrif;[m tv,fykdif;wkdif;aumfrwDtjzpf wm0ef xrf;aqmif&if; Armjynf ajymufusm;tajccHa'orsm;rSm vSnfhvnf+yD;&efoluk d wk dufyG J0ifc J holyg? 1975ckESp fr Sm ArmjynfuGef jrLepfygwD t&HA[k daumfrwD0if jzpfvm+yD; 1979ckESp f a&mufawmhA[kdaumfrwDjzpfvmcJhw,f? 1980ckESpfaemufykdif;rSm tv,f ykdif;AsL±kdygwDaumfrwD0if acgif;aqmifwOD; jzpfvmcJhjyefw,f? 1985ck/ ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD wwd,t}udrf jynfvHk;u|wfygwDuGef*&ufwGif ygwDA[kdaumfrwD0if tjzpfxyfrH a&G;cs,fjcif; cH&jyefygw,f? tJ'Daemuftv,fyk di f;AsL±k dygwDaumfrwD twGif;a&;rª;jzpfvmcJ h jyefw,f? 1989ckESpf e,fpyfta&;tcif; jzpfvmwJhtcg ygwDeJ @ twljynfyokd@xGufvmcJh&w,f?

1992ckESpfa&mufwJh tcg ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD&J@ A[kdpnf;±Hk;a&;aumfrwD ay:aygufvm+yD; ygwD&J@qHk;jzwfcsuft& A[kdaumfrwD0if&Jabmfa[mif;}uD;rsm;[m ygwD&J@ em,u acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfoGm; cJh&ygw,f? &Jabmfjrrif;[m *syef zufqpf awmfvSefa&;/ t*FvdyfukdvkdeDvufatmufrS wkdif;jynfvGwfajrmufa&;eJ@ 1948 - 49 jynfol@'Drkdua&pD awmfvSefa&;tprS 2002ckESpf ol uG,fvGef oGm;csdeftxdygwDeJ@twl vkdufygwkdufyGJ0ifcJhwJh ygwD&J@ rGefjrwfwJh om; aumif; &wem A[kdem,u acgif;aqmifwOD; jzpfygw,f?

wkd@wkdif;jynf Ekd;=um;wJh trsdL;orD;awGrSefonfwkd@wkdif;jynf Ekd;=um;wJh trsdL;orD;awGrSefonfwkd@wkdif;jynf Ekd;=um;wJh trsdL;orD;awGrSefonfwkd@wkdif;jynf Ekd;=um;wJh trsdL;orD;awGrSefonfwkd@wkdif;jynf Ekd;=um;wJh trsdL;orD;awGrSefonfy Gi f hvif ;&moDae@wae@& J @ reufci f ;r Sm jzp fy gw,f? c± k di f ;± H k ;u qif 3 aumif a&mufvmw,f? (tJ' Dwke f ;u

vGwfajrmufa'oXmewkdif;rSm qif&Sdw,f? Xme}uD;&if/ vkyfief;rsm;&if rsm;oavmuf qifuvnf; rsm;ygw,f? aps;oGm; c&D;xGuf/ vlemaq;±Hkwuf tm;vHk; qifukdyJoHk;w,f) tckvnf;‘A[dktrsdK;orD;or*~’u trsdK;orD; or*~vkyfief; ppfaq;&ef c&D;xGuf vmwm c±kdif±Hk;ukdt&ifa&muf+yD; vkyfief;rsm; +yD;pD;vkd@ +rdK@e,frsm;ukd vSnfhvnf ppfaq;&ef ‘ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,f’ukd yxrqHk; a&muf&Sd vmjcif; jzpfygw,f?

a&S@qHk;u qifay:rSm trsdK;orD; 4 a,muf? usefwJh qif 2 pD;u c±kdif±Hk;u &JabmfawG wyfpdwfwpdwf yg,ygw,f?“a[m æ tpfr}uD;wkd@ a&mufvm+yD? u|efawmfwkd@u rae@u/ uwnf;u ar#mfaewm”“at;av æ rae@uwnf;u vmrvkd@yJ? c±kdifu &JabmfawGu aeygtHk;vkd@ wm;aevkd@? 'Dae@awmif renf;ajym+yD; vmcJh&wm?

wacgufwacguf vmzkd@qkdwm rvG,fbl; av”“'gawmh 'gayghav æ usefwJh&JabmfawGuvnf; 'DvkdvmwJhtcguav;rSyJ awG@=u &wmukd;”“tr,fav;-[kwfygowJhawmf? [kwfygowJh”

70

tpfr}uD;&J@pum;tqHk;rSm &JabmfawG tm;vHk;u 0kdif;&,f=u+yD; ypPnf;awG qifay:ucs? ±Hk;cef;xJrSm ae&m,l xkdifvkduf=uw,f?pm;yGJay:rSmawmh yJavSmfºuyfºuyf&G&Guav;ukd okwfxm;wm&,f? 0if;+yD; yg;aewJh }uHoumawG&,f? vufzuf&nf =urf;eJ@

Armqefqef {nfhcHxm; ygw,f?“uJ æ &Jabmfwkd@ tukefvHk; vm=u-vm=u? 'DrSm tpfr}uD;wkd@tzGJ@eJ@ rdwfqufay;&atmif? tpfr}uD; a':cifykwkd@ tzGJ@uvnf;

tukefvm=uyg” +rdK@e,f aumfrwD twGif;a&;rª; &JabmfwifaiGu tm;vHk;ukd ac:vkdufygw,f?vlpHkyg+yD? &JabmfwifaiGu wm0ef,l rdwfqufay;ygw,f? tckvmwJh trsdK; orD; 4 a,muftzGJ@xJu t}uD;qHk; tpfr}uD;u

a':oef;jrifhwJh? A[kdtrsdK;orD; OuUÏ wm0efyg?(olu u|efawmfwkd@ ygwDA[kdacgif;aqmif &JabmfocifA[def;(uG,fvGef)&J@ ZeD; a':cif }uD;yg)aemufwa,mufu a':jrifhjrifhwJh? ol@wm0efu A[dk trsdK;orD; or*~/ tr_aqmif aumfrwD0ifwOD;yg? (olu AkdvfcsKyf atmifrif;&J@ZeD;?yJcl;±kd;rrSm usqHk;oGm; wJh &Jabmf t!Gef@&J@ tpfr) usefwJh ti,f ESpfa,mufukdawmh a':jrifhjrifh u wm0ef,l rdwfqufay;ygw,f? wa,mufu&Jabmf(r)v_difv_difwJh? wm0efu A[kdtrsdK;orD; or*~ ±Hk;tkyf? ti,fqHk;wa,mufuawmh &Jabmf(r)vSar? ±Hk;vkyf om;yg?

u|efrwkd@ ±Hk;uvnf; trsdK;orD;or*~±Hk;/ uGefjrLepf vli,f±Hk;/ +rdK@e,fygwD±Hk;/ aemuf&duQm±HktzGJ@ tm;vHk;ukd pHkpHkvifvifrdwfqufay;ygw,f? &duQmrª;tpfr}uD; a':cifykukdawmh txl;yGJxkwfrdwfqufay;ygw,f? “&Jabmftm;vHk;&J@ tpfr}uD;qkd vnf;[kwf?tarqkdvnf; [kwfw,f”vkd@ ckvkd rdwfqufay;ygw,f?

“u|efawmfwkd@ &JabmfawG tm;vHk;&J@ tpfr}uD; jzpfygw,f? tm;vHk;}uD;i,f ra&G;/ ausmom;&ifom; rcGJjcm;bJ tifrwef*±kpkdufygw,f? pm;aomufa&;wifru &JabmfawG&J@ usef;rma&;ukdyg? *±kpkdufygw,f? u|efawmfwkd@rSm 'Dtpfr}uD; &Sdaewm tifrwefuHaumif;w,fvkd@ ,lqrdygw,f” tJ'Dvkd rdwfqufay;+yD;tqHk; &J abmfftm;vHk;u vufckyfwD; =obmay;=uyg w,f?

rSefygw,f? tpfr}uD; a':cifyk[m jynfolrsm;u vª'gef;vmwJh &or# ypPnf;awGukd aumif;pGm xdef;odrf;/ ravvGifh rysufpD;&atmiftxl;*±kpkduf+yD; pepfeJ@ ukdifwG,fygw,f? pm;p&m&Sdvnf; tm;vHk;nDwlnDr# cGJa0ay;wwfw,f? &duQmrª; qdkayr,fh olu tcGifhta&; ykd,lwmrsdK;r&SdbJ vkdtyf&if ol@a0pkxJu jyef+yD;r#a0ay; wwfygw,f? txl;ojzifh rusef;rmwJh &Jabmfrsm;&Sd&if ol@rSm&Sdor# olykdifwJha0 pkukdawmifr,lawmhyJ ay;wwfw,f? ol[m aus;awmol qkdayr,fh tvGef,Ofaus; odrfarG@+yD; qufqHa&; tifrwef aumif;ygw,f? tom;ndKndKwkwfwkwfckdifckdif rsufvHk;rsufzefvnf;aumif;/ qHyifvnf; aumif;/ tuif;vnf; yg;ygw,f? touf oHk;q,f ywf0ef;usifavmuf &Sdygr,f?uav;r&Sd rkqdk;ryg? pmrwwfayr,fh tifrwef Om%faumif;ygw,f? (aemiftcg c±kdifjynfol@aq;±HkrSm olemjyK q&mr}uD;vkyf+yD;oifwef;wufwm‘om;zGm;rD;,yf’qkdif&mrSm/ pmar;yGJajzwm/ vufawG@eJ@ atmifvm+yD; olemjyKq&mrav;awGa&m/ vlemawGyg tm;vHk;&J@cspfcif av;pm;r_cH&ygw,f)

A[kdacgif;aqmifawG a&mufvm+yD; vkyfief;qdkif&mawG tpD&ifcH/ vufawG@ vnf; ppfaq;? or*~a=u;awG/ b¾ma&; qkdif&mpm&if;Z,m;rsm;ukdvnf; ppfaq;/ tm;vHk; 2-3 &uftwGif; +yD;oGm;ygw,f? u|efrwkd@vnf; bmtawG@t}uHKrS r&Sdawmh rvkyfwwf rukdifwwfrkd@tpykdif;rSm awmfawmfa=umufygw,f? aemif vufawG@ vkyf&if; tvkyfoabmukd em;vnfvmawmh ra=umufawmhyg? tcsif;csif;vnf;ykd&if;ESD;vm+yD; qufqH&wm aysmfvmygw,f?

tpfr}uD; a':oef;jrifheJ@ a':jrifhjrifhwkd@[m &JabmfwifaiGeJ@ ajymrem qkdrem tifrwef&ifESD;+yD;/ [kdt&if awmrckdcif tcsdefuwnf;uygwD±Hk;rSm twlaecJh=u&? twlpm;cJh=u&wJh a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpfrsm;ukd ajym=uqdk=u&if;eJ@ ±Hk;rSm awmfawmf pnfum;ygw,f? olwkd@uarmif0if;aqG/ armif0if;aqGvkd@ ac:=u+yD; oli,fi,fwkef;u &JabmfocifA[def;ukd (tpfukdav; tpfukdav;eJ@ ac:+yD;) nDi,fwa,mufutpfukd tay: EGJ@qkd;˜qkd;ovkd qdk;wwfwmawGukdyg trSwfw& jyefajym=u/ &,farm=ueJ@ jzpfaeygw,f?

&JabmfwifaiG i,fpOfu b,favmufqk d;c J hovJqk dwmuk d &JabmfocifA[def; &J @ZeD; a':cif }uD;u ckvk d jyefvnfazmufonfcscJhwmukdvnf; uae@xufwkdif u|efr rSwfrdaeyg ao;w,f? 'Dvkdyg?

&JabmfocifA[def;u a':cif}uD;eJ@vufxyf+yD;p rEWav;-&efukef tjyef vm;/ toGm;vm;(rrSwfrdawmhyg)&xm;eJ@ vmwmukd}udKwifajymxm;vkd@ awmifilygwD ±Hk;u &Jabmfrsm;tm;vHk; blwmrSm apmifh+yD; qD;}udK=uw,fwJh? 'geJ@ &xm;qkdufvmawmh tm;vHk;u0rf;omtm;& 0kdif;E_wfquf=u? pum;ajym=ueJhaygh? 'DtcsdefrSm bmrajym nmrajymeJ@ armif0if;aqGu 0ifwJh+yD; “tpfukdav; æ tpfukdav;rde f ;r&+y Dqk d ? b,frvJ tpfuk dav; rde f ;r”vk d @ ar;owJ h? ' Dawmh æ ocifA[de f;u ab;em; xk di faewJ h a':cif }uD; uk dar;aighjy+yD;“'gyJav”vdk@ajymawmh “[if-tpfukdav;uvnf; 'gavmuft±kyfqdk; wJh rdef;r}uD;ukd ,l&ovm; æ bDvl;r}uD;usaewmyJ”vkd@ajym+yD; armif0if;aqGu 0rf;enf; yufvuf jzpfaeowJh? ocifA[def;uawmh t+yHK;rysuf 'DvdkyJ aeowJh?

tpfr}uD;u tJ'Dvkd a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpfawG ajym+yD; &,fae&mu “0if;aqG æ eifi,fi,fwkef;u awmfawmfqkd;w,f aemf? ighukdtJ'Dvkdajym+yD; eifyJtdrfukd c%c% vm+yD; [kd[m0,fau|;ckdif;/ 'D[m 0,fau|;ckdif;? t+rJvm+yD; ESdyfpufwm”

“'gavmufawmh &SdrSmayghAsm? ukd,fhtpfukdav; wa,mufvHk; ay;xm; &wm”“tr,f æ tr,f æ i0if;aqGaemf æ [if; æ [if; æ 'Dwcg eifuau|;& r,fh tvSnfh od&J@vm;? eifu tdrf&Sif jzpfae+yD”“[mAsm æ tpfr}uD;uvnf; u|efawmfu tdrf&Sifomqkd&ayr,fh u|ef awmfhrSm tdrfaxmifvnf; r&Sd? aiGvnf; r&Sd? b,fvkdvkyf

{nfhcHjyKpkEkdifrSmvJ? apwemyJ &Sdwm”“=um;vm; æ jrifhjrifh? ol@bufusawmh vnfvkdufwm? r&bl;a[h r&bl;? jrifhjrifh reufwkdif; igucsnf; reufpm 0,fau|;ae&wm?

pm&if;vkyfxm; =um;vm;? reufjzefreufu p+yD; pm&if;rSwfxm;”“rSwfav æ &ygw,f æ awmfvSefa&;atmifawmh tukefvHk;qyfr,f” tm;vHk;u 0kdif;+yD; &,f=uygw,f? rrjrifhu tpfr}uD;buf

vSnfh+yD;-

71

“'DrSm =um=um aevkd@awmh rjzpfbl; tpfr}uD;a& æ jrefjrefjyefrS æ rjyef&if &SdwJh ykdufqHav; tukef ukefvdrfhr,f”0g;ueJxyf&,fvkkduf+yD; pum;ppfxkd;yGJ +yD;oGm; ygw,f?

tpfr}uD;wkd@tzGJ@ukd u|efru aoaocsmcsm tm±Hkpkduf=unfhw,f? tpfr}uD; a':oef;jrifh[m tom;ndKndK/ t&yf jrifhjrifh/rsufcHk;aumif;aumif;/ qHyifaumif;aumif;/ tnmol(yckuULol) qkdayr,fh rJcsdwfcsdwf r[kwfyg? tom;ndKu 0if;+yD;pkd aeygw,f? vHk;}uD;aygufvSyg? ol@±kyfukd zsufaewm‘rsufvHk;’yg? rsufvHk;u vleJ@rvkdufatmif ao;ao; &Snf&Snf av;yg? ±kwfw&uf=unfh&if rqkd;? aoaocsmcsmwckcsif;=unfhvkduf rS rsufvHk;u zsufygw,f? oabmxm; aumif;ygw,f? 'gayr,fh ta=umif;rod&if awmh a=umufp&myg? pum;ajym&if'kd;'kd;a'gufa'guf(toHuvnf;us,f)? a&mufpu u|efrwkd@u ol@ukda=umufygw,f?

rrjrifh(a':jrifhhjrifh)? oluawmh [oFmwolyg? tom;jzLjzL/ t&yfjrifhjrifh/ rsufESm 0kdif;0kdif;/ ar;±kd;um;um;? xl;jcm;wmu(ar;uoG,foG,fav;yg)vSw,f? b,fvkd =unfh=unfh vSygw,f? oabmxm;vnf; aumif;w,f? qufqHa&;vnf; tvGefaumif;w,f?

aemufwa,mufu rrv_dif(rv_difv_dif)yg? olu ppfukdif;olwJh? oluawmh a':oef;jrifh ti,fpm;yg? pum;ajym&if pm;yGJukdvufeJ@ykwfykwf+yD; atmf}uD;[pfus,f ajymwwfw,f? acgif;rSmvnf; wbuf(rsufESmokwfyk0g)ti,fpm;ukd wywf-ywf? xdyfwnfhwnfhrSmwif;aeatmif qGJcsnfxm;+yD; wbufpESpfpu ,kefem;&Gufvkd axmifaewmyJ? tom;urJrJ/ 0wkwfwkwf? toHu awmfawmfaumif;w,f?ol@ukdawmh u|efru uyfukd ruyf&Jyg? u|efru pum;ajym&if(eif[Jh-ig[JheJ@)atmf}uD; [pfus,f ajymwwfolrsm;ukd a0;a0;u a&Smifw,f?(u|efru tJ'Dvkdrajymwwfbl;)

aemufqHk;wa,mufuawmh rvSar? olu jrpf0u|ef;ay:ol-atmufol av;wJh? +yHK;+yHK;av;/ at;at;av;aewwfw,f? ol@tpfrurjrarwJh? A[kd±Hk; vufESdyfpuf wm0efcHvkd@ ajymygw,f? olu toHvnf;aumif;w,f? oDcsif;vnf; qkd wwfw,f? wnrSm vomomeJ@tpfr}uD;u yGJawmif;+yD; rvSarukd oDcsif;qkd ckdif;w,f? ref;awmifvufsmoDcsif; qkdvkdufwm? tkd æ aumif;rS aumif;? em;axmifvkd@ r+iD;bl;?olqkdvkd@ +yD;awmh u|efrukd uckdif;w,f? tm;vHk;u oDcsif;0kdif;qkday;/ vufckyf wD;ay;eJ@ waysmfwyg;}uD;yg? tJ'Dnu tdyf,mxJukdom 0ifcJhw,f?rvSar&J@ oDcsif; oHav;ukdyJ em;xJrSm =um;a,mifaerdw,f? u|efr 'DoDcsif;ukd 'DwcgyJ =um;zl;ygw,f? ref;awmif vufsm[m oDcsif;}uD;rkd@qkd&wmvnf; tawmfcufygw,f? reufzefus&if pmom;a&;+yD; ol@qDrSm 'DoDcsif;ukd oifOD;r,fvkd@ pOf;pm;xm;ygw,f? olu A[kd±Hk;rSmwD;0kdif;eJ@ qkdaeuswJh? a=omf æ olu 'ga=umifh qkdwwfwmukd;? (olu aemufykdif;rSm u|efrwkd@eJ@ awmfawmf&if;ESD;cJhygw,f? olu ysOf;rem;+rdK@e,ftkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJ@ 'kwm0efcH &Jabmfoef;azeJ@ tdrfaxmifus+yD; ysOf;rem;c±kdiftwGif;rSmyJ aeygw,f? uav; 3 a,muf&Sdygw,f)1955ckESpfavmuftxd awG@&+yD; aemufykdif; rawG@&awmhyg? u|efru wm0efeJ@ txufArmjynfukd a&mufoGm;cJhyg+yD?

tpfr}uD;u yg;pyfuom [kdajym'Dajym ajymwmyg? reufrkd;vif;vm&if tdyf,mux? tm;vHk;ukd reufpmau|;zkd@ ol@&SdwJh ykdufqHukdE_duf+yD; pm;p&m wckck (bl;oD;a=umf? ta=umfpHk) wcgw&H ta=umfpHkr&&if ajryJjyKwf/ ajryJavSmf okd@r[kwf yJavSmfjzpfjzpf 0,f&ygw,f?&JabmfESpfa,mufu ae@wkdif;oGm;0,fay;&ygw,f? (u|efrwkd@ ±Hk;pkdufxm;wJh jyefuajy; &Gmu +rdK@twkdif;ygyJ? aps;qkdifawGu tpHkyg) tJ'Du0,fvmwJh ta=umfeJ@ xrif;=urf;/ vufzuf&nf=urf;0kdif;eJ@&JabmfawG waysmfwyg;}uD; pm;&wm tifrwef t&om&SdvSygw,f? arhEkdifp&mr&Sdyg? tpfr}uD;u ae@wkdif; 0,fau|;ae&if rrjrifhu twif;vk+yD; ol@ykdufqHeJ@ wvSnfh0,fau|; jyefygw,f? u|efr wkd@u tdrf&Sifjzpfayr,fhaiGr&Sdawmh b,fvkdrS rwwfEkdifyg? awmfvSefa&;xJ vkdufvmawmh yxrqHk; }uHK&wJh tcuftcJu rkd;vif;vmvkd@ bmrSrpm;&&if acgif;ukdufovkdvkd aevkd@raysmfygbl;? aemif aeom; usoGm;awmhvnf; &ygw,f? aeom;ruscif u|efr 'kuQawmfawmf a&mufcJh&zl; yg w,f?

&Jabmf&Jbufqkdwm&Jabmf&Jbufqkdwm&Jabmf&Jbufqkdwm&Jabmf&Jbufqkdwm&Jabmf&JbufqkdwmnbufrSm tm;w,fqkd&if rrjrifhu a&S;a[mif;aESmif;jzpfrsm;ukd ajym jywwfygw,f/ wnrSm 'DvkdyJ rrjrifhtem;rSm

u|efrwkd@pkxkdifrd=uw,f? rrjrifh u“ol@&J@ rdbrsm;u [oFmwrSm ukefonfawGjzpf+yD;/ tcktxd&Sd=uw,f? rrjrifhu orD;t }uD;qHk;jzpfw,f?10 wef;atmif+yD; pmwkdufpma&;r vkyfaecsdefrSm Akdvfatmif rif;eJ@awG@ (Akdvfatmifrif; rdbu &efukefrSmae) wmwJh? rrjrifhwkd@u om;csif;(5)a,muf &Sdw,f? ti,fqHk;av;uvnf; rdef;uav;ygyJ? rrjrifheJ@ nDdrav; !Gef@!Gef@/ nDr 2 a,muf awmfvSefa&;xJ ygcJh=uw,f?(tJ'D!Gef@!Gef@[m 67-68yJcl;±kd;r wae &mrSm usqHk;oGm;wJh &Jabmft!Gefhjzpfw,f?) rrjrifh[m Akdvfatmifrif;eJ@&+yD; ygwD ±Hk;“bHk&dyfom”rSmvkdufae&wmygwJh? tJ'DrSm ae&if; rrjrifh[m wOD;eJ@wOD; b,f avmuf cspfcif=uw,f? wOD;rSm tcuftcJ&Sd&if wOD;u rdrdukd,fwkdif tepfemcH+yD;ulnD=uw,f? (nDtpfukd armifESpfr t&if;xuf t&m&mykdw,f)qdkwm em;vnfcHpm; vmrdw,fwJh? tJ'Dvkd em;vnf cHpm;rdwmeJ@twlrdrdukd,fwkdifvnf; 'Dvdkpdwf"mwfrsdK; &Sdvmatmif 'DvkdvkyfEkdifatmif avhusifh,lw,f? “bHk&dyfom”rSm aew,fqkdwm awmf±Hkwef±Hk pdwf"mwfeJ@raeEkdifyg? ta=umif;u ab;ywf0ef;usif (vl@tzGJ@tpnf;)u wrsdK;? “bHk&dyfom” yHkpH(uGefjrLepf vl@tzGJ@tpnf;yHkpH)u wrsdK;jzpf w,f? +rdK@}uD;jy}uD;ay:rSm qkdawmh oabm rayguf&if rvG,fyg? “bHk&dyfom”&duQmaiGu &JabmfawG (uGefjrLepfae@pOf)owif;pm a&mif;vkd@ aumfr&Sif&wJhaiG? wOD;csif;tdrfawGu ay;vkd@ &wJhaiG? 'gyJ &Sdwmyg? wcgw&H pm;aomufa&; odyfcufcJvm&if okd@r[kwf &Jabmf wa,mufa,mufusef;rma&;raumif;&if okd@r[kwf ukd,fa&;ukd,fwmudpP tcuf tcJ ay:vm&if rrjrifhtdrfu ygvmwJh em;uyfuav;ukd c|wf/ em;rSm(wkwfacsmif; wckck) tpm;xkd;xm;+yD; taygifqkdifukd ykd@&w,f? okd@r[kwf tdrfuygvmwJh bef aumufvHkcsnf topfwxnf/ ESpfxnfavmufukdtaygifqkdifykd@+yD; taygifqkdif&J@ pnf;urf;t& qHk;awmhr,fhqJqJ aemufqHk;tcsdef a&mufawmh rS jyefa&G;&w,f? tJ'D befaumufvHkcsnfav;wxnfESpfxnfudkvnf; 0wfrypf&Jbl;? 0wfvkd@a[mif;oGm;&if taygifqkdifu vufrcHawmhrSm okd@r[kwf aps;av#mhay;rSm pkd;vkd@ aumif;aumif;odfrf; xm;&w,f? 'DvkdeJ@ rrjrifh&J@ em;uyfuav;eJ@ befaumufvHkcsnfawGuawmh taygif qkdifeJ@ rrjrifhqD ul;csnfoef;csnf vkyfaewmyJwJh?

tck awmfvSefa&;xJ a&mufvmwmvnf; ZeD;armifESHESpfa,mufvHk; rdrd wOD;csif; ukd,fusdK;ukdpGef@/ trsm;tusdK; jynfoltusdK;twGuf

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vkyfr,fqkdwJh oHEMdÏmefeJ@ awmckdvmw,f? om;av;wOD;&Sdw,f? uav;eJ@qkd&if uav;vnf; 'kuQ a&mufEkdif? ukd,fvnf;tvkyf rjzpfrSmpkd;vkd@ om;av;(atmifrsdK;rif;)ukd rcGJcsifayr,fh cGJcJh&w,fwJh? tck &efukefu tbkd;tbGm;awG(Akdvfatmifrif; rdbrsm;)qDrSm xm;cJhw,f?awmfvSef a&;xJrSmqkdawmh &Jabmfcsif;cspfcifr_/ pnf;vHk;r_/ tepfemcHr_awG[m tppt&m&m todpdwf"mwf ykdjrifhrm;&w,f?

“&JabmfawG[m wa,mufeJ@wa,muf[m toufukdtyfcg E$J=uygwJh» awmfvSef a&; vrf;cc&D;ay:rSmav”“&JabmfawG[m wa,mufeJ@wa,muf[m toufukdtyfcg E$J=uygwJh» awmfvSef a&; vrf;cc&D;ay:rSmav”“&JabmfawG[m wa,mufeJ@wa,muf[m toufukdtyfcg E$J=uygwJh» awmfvSef a&; vrf;cc&D;ay:rSmav”“&JabmfawG[m wa,mufeJ@wa,muf[m toufukdtyfcg E$J=uygwJh» awmfvSef a&; vrf;cc&D;ay:rSmav”“&JabmfawG[m wa,mufeJ@wa,muf[m toufukdtyfcg E$J=uygwJh» awmfvSef a&; vrf;cc&D;ay:rSmav” qkdovkd“wkd@wawG[m &efoleJ@‘olaoukd,f&Sif’wkdufae&wJh tcsdefrSm &Jabmftcsif;csif; ykdrkdpnf;vHk;/ ykdrkdcspfcif/ ykdrkdnD!Gwf=urS &r,f? rdrdwOD; csif;tusdK;/uk d,fusd K;uk dp Gef @ / trsm;tusdK;twGufud ky J OD;xdyfyefxm;/ pOf;pm;&r,f? t&m&mrSm pHjyjzpfatmif }udK;pm;Ek di f&r,fqk dwJ hjrifhrm;wJhtodpdwf"mwfukd &&Sdatmif }udK;pm; wnfaqmuf=u&r,f”vkd@ rrjrifhu ajymcJhw,f?

u|efrwkd@[m tdyfcsdefa&mufae+yDrkd@ vlpkcGJ+yD; tdyf,mxJ 0ifcJh&ayr,fh rrjrifh ajymjyaewJh toHawG[m em;xJrSm 0JysHaew,f?bHk&dyfomaepOf tawG@t}uHKwcsdK@ &,fp&m av;awG ajymjyawmh 0kdif;&,fvkduf=u? aemuf rrjrifhawmckdzkd@ qHk;jzwf csuf cs+yD; om;av;ukdcGJcJh&awmh rdcifpdwf"mwfeJ@ rrjrifh&J@cHpm;r_ 'gawGukd ajymjyawmh 0rf;enf; vkdufwm ikdcsifvmw,f?

“igu uGefjrLepfwa,muf&J@ ZeD;jzpfw,f? trsm;tusdK;twGufvkyfEk difzk d@ rdrdwOD;csif;tusdK;ukd 'gavmufav;awmifrpGef@v$wfEkdifzl;vm;? olrsm;awG touf ukdawmif pGef@v$wfoGm;=uw,f? t&m&mukd pGef@v$wfEkdfif&rSmaygh”vkd@ ukd,fhukd,fukd,f tm;wif;+yD;todpdwf"mwfukd jr‡ifhwif,l&w,fqkdwmawG jyefpOf;pm;+yD; awmfawmfeJ@ rtdyfEkdifcJhygbl;?

“igvnf; 'Dvdkpdwf"mwfrsdK; &&Sdatmi/f ckdifrmatmif/ wnfaqmuf,lr,f? igvnf; uGefjrLepfygwD0if wa,mufjzpf atmif}udK;pm;r,f”qkdwJh pdwfawG wzGm;zGm; ay:vmrdw,f?

aemufn tpfr}uD; a':oef;jrifha&m/ rrjrifhwkd@tm;vHk;eJ@ u|efrwkd@wawG xkdifrd=u+yD; axG&mav;yg; pum;ajymjzpfcJh =uygao;w,f?

trsdK;orD;b0 vGwfajrmufa&;wkdufyGJ ZGJ&Sd=utrsdK;orD;b0 vGwfajrmufa&;wkdufyGJ ZGJ&Sd=utrsdK;orD;b0 vGwfajrmufa&;wkdufyGJ ZGJ&Sd=utrsdK;orD;b0 vGwfajrmufa&;wkdufyGJ ZGJ&Sd=utrsdK;orD;b0 vGwfajrmufa&;wkdufyGJ ZGJ&Sd=u'DnrSmawmh tpfr}uD;u “trsdK;orD;b0 vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf wkdufyGJ 0ifzkd@ awmfvSefa&;xJ a&mufvm=uw,f? 'D&nf&G,fcsufukd

rarhaysmufzkd@ ta&;}uD; w,f? trsdK;orD;wa,muftaeeJ@ awmfvSefa&;wm0efawGukd xrf;aqmifwJhtcgrSm tuef@towfawGuodyfrsm;w,f? wjynfvHk;u trsdK;orD;xk w&yfvHk; vGwf ajrmufa&;twGuf tvkyf vkyfr,fh rdrdukd,fYu b0vGwfajrmufzkd@ yxr }udK;pm;&r,f? 'guajymwmvG,fw,f? vufawG@vkyfawmh rvG,fbl;? tck rif;wkd@tm;vHk; tdrfaxmif r&Sdao;bl;? vGwfvGwfvyfvyf awGqkdawmhtm;vHk;[m vG,fulaewmyJ? 'gayr,fh vlqkdwm oD;csdefwef&ifoD;/ yGifhcsdefwef&if yGifh&p+rJyJ? avmu "rRwm vl@b0&J@ wm0efukd tJ'DrSmpwif&awmhw,f? 'DrSmawG@&SdvmwJh tcuftcJtm;vHk;ukd&if qkdifausmfeif;Ekdifzkd@ txl;vkdtyfw,f? (tJ'Dtcsdefu u|efrwkd@tm;vHk; tdrfaxmifrusao;yg)'DrSm pyfrdvkd@ tpfr}uD;wkd@u A[kdtrsdK;orD;or*~±Hk;u tawG@t}uHK wckukd ajymjyygw,f? wkd@A[kdtrsdK;orD;or*~ tvkyftr_aqmifawG (±Hk;rSm&SdwJh)trsdK;orD;awG tm;vHk;rSm &Jabmf(r)cifwifhu twGif;a&;rª;(yJcl;OD;}uD;jrifh&J@c,fr/ +idrf;csrf;a&; umvrSm tvkyform; acgif;aqmif &JabmfxGef;pdefeJ@ tdrfaxmifusoGm;w,fvkd@ =um;od&?) wa,mufyJtysdK&Sdwm/ usefwmtm;vHk;u tdrfaxmifonfawG? 'DrSm bmawG@&ovJ qkdawmh pnf;±Hk;a&; vkyfief;twGuf tm;vHk;[m tenf;qHk;wvw}udrf e,fxGuf &w,f? wcgw&H tajc taet& 2v-3v =umwwfw,f? tpnf;ta0; xkdif t+yD; e,fqif;awmhr,fvkyfawmh&Jabmf(r)&if&if(&JabmfaÏ;&J@ZeD;)rSm jy\em ay:vm w,f? jzpfyHku 'Dvkd? r&if&ifrSm uav; 3 a,muf &Sdw,f? (t}uD;u zkd;jyL;ac:armifwifatmif/ 'kwd,u zkd;xl;ac:armifpk d;odrf;-yJcl;±k d;rrSm usqHk;)wkd@u }uD;+yDqkdawmh 0k dif;+yD;apmifha&Smufxm;vkd@ &w,f?wwd,om;uav;u cspfpEkd;eJ@ tmvl;vkd@ac:w,f? uav;u tcgvnf ausmfausmfav;qkdawmh ykd;tdwfwvHk;eJ@ w&Gm0if w&GmxGufoGm;&r,f h taru 'Duav;uk dvnf; ac:roGm;Ek di f? tdrfr Sm tazeJ@ xm;cJ h &atmif qk dawmhvnf; taz(&JabmfaÏ;)uacgif;aqmifwa,mufqkdawmh tdrfrSm t+rJr&Sd? vkyfief;eJ@ t+rJe,fqif; ae&wm? 'geJ@ ZeD;armifESHESpfOD;oabmwl/ &GmxJu or*~acgif;aqmif(om;orD;r&Sdvkd@ uav;vkdcsifol) OD;}uD;wkd@ukd tusdK;ta=umif; ajym+yD; uav;ukd ay;cJhw,f? OD;}uD;wkd@ ZeD;armifESHuvnf;uav;ukdcspfvkdufwm? 0rf;om tm;&eJ@ vufcH ,lxm;=uw,f? 'geJ@ r&if&ifvnf; e,fxGufcJhw,f?

jzpfcsifawmh uav;u w&ufESpf&uftwGif;rSmyJ zsm;vkdufwm? yg;pyf uvnf; “tar-tar”eJ@ tarudkyJ wwrf;w,wac:ae&Smw,f? OD;}uD;wkd@vnf; &GmxJu aq;q&m}uD;ukd tjrefyifhuko/ wbufuvnf; r&if&ifukd ac:wJhpm tjrefykd@ &wmaygh? r&if&ifua&S@uxGuf? pmuaemufuvkdufawmh wywfausmfavmuf=umrS vufcH&w,f? pmxJrSm “uav; zsm;wm jyif;xefw,f? tjrefvmyg”vkd@ygawmh r&if&ifuvnf; uav;pdwfeJ@ ae@rtdyfnrem;/ jyefvmcJhwm uav; &SdwJh&Gmukd ESpf&uf wnf;eJ@ jyefa&muf vmcJhw,f? 'gayr,fh æom;uav;u r&Sdawmhbl;? qHk;oGm;vkd@ tarukd apmifhwm rvmEkdifvkd@/ tavmif;uvnf; =um=umxm;vkd@ r& æ ajrjr‡Kyf o+*õK[fvkduf&+yD?tkd æ r&if&ifqkdwm yËmajrvl;aygh? c&D;uvnf;yef;/ pdwfyef; ukd,fyef;jzpf tdyf&mxJ vJcJh&Smw,f? w&GmvHk;u vlxkuvnf; oem;vkd@rqHk;/=um;&oltaygif; 0rf;enf;vkd@ rqHk;jzpf=u&w,f? (a':&if&if[m yJcl;±kd;rrSm usqHk;cJh w,f?)

tpfr}uD;u 'gukdajymaewm rif;wkd@ukda=umufoGm;atmifvkd@ ajcmufaewm r[kwfbl;? r&if&ifvkd jzpfvmwJhtcg tcuftcJukd}uH@}uH@ckdif &ifqkdifausmfeif;+yD; ukd,fh &nfrSef;csuf yef;wkdifukd qufav#mufEkdifzkd@/ &Jabmf(r)&if&ifukd twk,l avhvmEkdif=uzkd@ ajymwmygwJh?

tkd æ u|efrwkd@tm;vHk;[m em;axmif&if;eJ@ rsuf&nfrqnfEkdifbl;? tpfr }uD;uvnf; ajymomajym&wm rsuf&nfpufvufeJ@aygh?tJ'DnrSmvnf; tdyf&mxJa&muf+yD; *srf;eJ@ u|efr[m wajr@ajr@cHpm;&if; pum;ajym aerdwm nOf@eufrS tdyf=uw,f?

jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;twGufjynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;twGufjynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;twGufjynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;twGufjynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;twGuftoufeJ@vJvkd@ aqmif&GufcJh=uonftoufeJ@vJvkd@ aqmif&GufcJh=uonftoufeJ@vJvkd@ aqmif&GufcJh=uonftoufeJ@vJvkd@ aqmif&GufcJh=uonftoufeJ@vJvkd@ aqmif&GufcJh=uonf

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wkd@trsdK;orD;awG rusefygonfwkd@trsdK;orD;awG rusefygonfwkd@trsdK;orD;awG rusefygonfwkd@trsdK;orD;awG rusefygonfwkd@trsdK;orD;awG rusefygonf'Dae@reufrSmawmh tpfr}uD;eJ@ rrjrifhwkd@u olwkd@A[kd±Hk;rSm pyfxm;wJh “t rsdK;orD;or*~”oDcsif;wyk'fukd a&;ay;? oDcsif;wufay;eJ@

aysmfp&m}uD; ygyJ?trsd;orD;or*~oDcsif;trsd;orD;or*~oDcsif;trsd;orD;or*~oDcsif;trsd;orD;or*~oDcsif;trsd;orD;or*~oDcsif;

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oH+ydKifæ(tarSmifxkukd y,fcGif;r,fh»=u,feDay:vm+yD»wkd@wkdif;jynf Ekd;=um;wJh trsdK;orD;awGrSefonf§pHknD)2»a&mif eDusif;vkd@oH+ydKifæ(tarSmifxkukd y,fcGif;r,fh»=u,feDay:vm+yD»wkd@wkdif;jynf Ekd;=um;wJh trsdK;orD;awGrSefonf§pHknD)2»a&mif eDusif;vkd@oH+ydKifæ(tarSmifxkukd y,fcGif;r,fh»=u,feDay:vm+yD»wkd@wkdif;jynf Ekd;=um;wJh trsdK;orD;awGrSefonf§pHknD)2»a&mif eDusif;vkd@oH+ydKifæ(tarSmifxkukd y,fcGif;r,fh»=u,feDay:vm+yD»wkd@wkdif;jynf Ekd;=um;wJh trsdK;orD;awGrSefonf§pHknD)2»a&mif eDusif;vkd@oH+ydKifæ(tarSmifxkukd y,fcGif;r,fh»=u,feDay:vm+yD»wkd@wkdif;jynf Ekd;=um;wJh trsdK;orD;awGrSefonf§pHknD)2»a&mif eDusif;vkd@vif;csdefwefyg+yDæ ypPnf;rJhatmifvHatmufqD» wyfaygif;pkum » &efolawGukd » wkd@acsr_ef;rnf»acsr_ef;rnf»'Drkdua&pD jynfol@tcGifhta&;vif;csdefwefyg+yDæ ypPnf;rJhatmifvHatmufqD» wyfaygif;pkum » &efolawGukd » wkd@acsr_ef;rnf»acsr_ef;rnf»'Drkdua&pD jynfol@tcGifhta&;vif;csdefwefyg+yDæ ypPnf;rJhatmifvHatmufqD» wyfaygif;pkum » &efolawGukd » wkd@acsr_ef;rnf»acsr_ef;rnf»'Drkdua&pD jynfol@tcGifhta&;vif;csdefwefyg+yDæ ypPnf;rJhatmifvHatmufqD» wyfaygif;pkum » &efolawGukd » wkd@acsr_ef;rnf»acsr_ef;rnf»'Drkdua&pD jynfol@tcGifhta&;vif;csdefwefyg+yDæ ypPnf;rJhatmifvHatmufqD» wyfaygif;pkum » &efolawGukd » wkd@acsr_ef;rnf»acsr_ef;rnf»'Drkdua&pD jynfol@tcGifhta&;t wGuf» toufeJ@vJvkd@ wkd@xlaxmif&rnf»»t wGuf» toufeJ@vJvkd@ wkd@xlaxmif&rnf»»t wGuf» toufeJ@vJvkd@ wkd@xlaxmif&rnf»»t wGuf» toufeJ@vJvkd@ wkd@xlaxmif&rnf»»t wGuf» toufeJ@vJvkd@ wkd@xlaxmif&rnf»»

reufxrif;rpm;cif u|efrwkd@vnf; oDcsif;&oGm;=uyg+yD? 0rf;omvkdufwm/ aemufukd “trsdK;orD;or*~”tpnf;ta0;vkyfwkdif;'DoDcsif;eJ@ tpnf;ta0; t zGifhtydwfvkyfvkd@&+yDvkd@ pOf;pm;+yD; 0rf;om&ygw,f? (vufawG@vnf; tJ'Dvkd vkyfcJhyg w,f?)

r=umcifrSmyJ ysOf;rem;(+rdK@ay:rSm) trsdK;orD;or*~zGJ@pnf;a&;rSm +rdK@e,fu u|efrwkd@ vli,fawGcsnf;qkddawmh tiftm; rawmifhwif;yg?'ga=umifh A[kdu tpfr}uD; wkd@yg 0kdif;0ef;ulnDay;zkd@ arwWm&yfcHygw,f? +rdK@e,fygwD twGif;a&;rª; &JabmfwifaiG&J@ 'DarwWm &yfcHcsufudktpfr}uD;wkd@uvnf; v_dufvSJpGm vufcHygw,f?

'DvdkeJ@ ysOf;rem;+rdK@ay: tckdiftrm pnf;±Hk;a&;twGuf vkyfief;udk pwifvkduf yg+yD? c±kdifu !¸ef=um;csuft& ysOf;rem;+rdK@rygwDaumfrwDuvnf; “+rdK@ay:pnf;±Hk;a&; vkyfief;twGuf vkdtyfonfrsm;ukd ulnDoGm;rnf jzpfa=umif;/ vma&mufyg&ef bdwf =um;pm”a&mufvmygw,f? t&ifu c&D;xGufwmeJ@ ajymif;jyefaygh? t&ifu c&D;xGuf w,fqkdwmu aus;vufawmukd? tck c&D;xGuf&wmu+rdK@ay:ukdaygh? +rdK@e,ftaeeJ@ u|efreJ@ *srf;ESpfa,mufyJ vkdufygw,f? tpfr}uD;wkd@tzGJ@u 4 a,muf/ aygif; 6 a,muf +rdK@ay:ukd ykd;tdwfukd,fpDeJ@c&D;xGufcJhygw,f? +rdK@ay:a&mufawmh “{nfhcHaumf rwD”u toifhapmifh}udKaewm awG@&ygw,f?

u|efrwkd@tzGJ@ aexkdifpm;aomufr_ukd +rdK@e,fjynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&;u wm0ef ,l+yD; tpnf;ta0; usif;y&ef ae&mxkdifcif;rStpv_H@aqmfa&;tyg tckdiftrm vkyfief; tm;vHk;ukd +rdK@rygwDaumfrwDrS wm0ef,loGm;r,fqkdwJh wm0efcGJa0r_rsm;yg rdwfquf ay;+yD; tpDtpOftwkdif;+rdK@e,fjynfol@tkyfcsKyfa&;±Hk;ukd vkdufoGm;&ygw,f? u|efrwdk@ 6 a,muftwGuf tcef;us,f}uD;wck twGif;rSm ckwifrsm; wef;pDxm;+yD; oef@&Sif;oyf&yfwJh tdyf&mrsm;yg awG@&ygw,f?

reuftapmrSm ta=umfpHk okd@r[kwf rkef@ysm;ovufukd vufzuf&nf=urf; eJ@ {nfhcHygw,f? ta=umfpHkau|;wJhae@qkd&if tkyfcsKyfa&;±Hk;&duQm±Hk(rD;zkd)u xrif;csuf &Jabmf ta':}uD;qDrSm xrif;=urf;awmif;zkd@u u|efr t+rJwm0ef usygw,f? vl csif;vnf; rod?tJ'Dta':}uD;uvnf; taygufcyfqkd;qkd;rkd@ u|efrvnf; a=umufyg w,f? 'gayr,fh u|efrpOf;pm;rdwmu ukd,futi,fyJ/ +yD;awmhukd,fhvkyfief;ukd vmulnDay;aewm? wkd@rSmwm0ef &Sdw,f? 'DvkdyJ pOf;pm;+yD; oGm;awmif;awmh ta': }uD;u oem;vkd@qkd+yD; ay;vkdufygw,f?aemufvnf; pm;csif&if vmcJhvkd@qkdwmeJ@ aus;Zl;wifa=umif; ajym+yD; aemufvnf; ta=umf&wJhae@wkdif; t+rJoGm;awmif;+yD; pm;=uygw,f?

ysOf;rem;+rdK@ay: pnf;±Hk;a&; wvavmuf =umygw,f? &yfuGuf 10 ck (twdtus rrSwfrdawmhyg)vHk; “trsdK;orDor*~”ukd pepfwuszGJ@pnf;+yD;yg+yD? or*~ zGJ@pnf;&ef tpnf;ta0;ac:wkdif; trsdK;orD;rsm;omru trsdK;om;rsm;yg wufwufºu ºu vmavh&Sd=uygw,f?tpnf;ta0;rsm;[mvnf; u|efrwkd@ rSef;xm;wmxuf t+rJ wrf;vlykdrsm;ygw,f? tpnf;ta0;rwkdifcif }udKwifv_H@aqmfa&; vkyfpOfuwnf;u‘+rdK@rygwDaumfrwD’u v_H@aqmfa&; tvGefaumif;ygw,f? “trsdK;orD;or*~zGJ@pnf; a&;ukd yg0ifvkyfaqmifr,fh olrsm;rSm A[kduvmwJhtrsdK;orD;acgif;aqmifrsm; jzpfwhJt a=umif;? tJ'DtrsdK;orD;rsm;teuf wOD;u ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A[kdacgif;aqmif vnf;jzpf/ArmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&m ausmif;om;or*~ acgif;aqmifvnf;jzpfcJhwJh uG,fvGefol &JabmfocifA[def;&J@ ZeD;jzpfa=umif; wOD;u wyfeD Akdvfatmifrif;&J@ZeD;jzpfa=umif;” }udKwif rdwfqufay;ygw,f?

tckdiftrm tpnf;ta0; usif;ywJhtcgrSmvnf; tcrf;tem;rª;jzpfwJh +rdK@r ygwDaumfrwD0if &Jabmfu pum;ajymtvGefaumif;ygw,f? tpfr}uD; a':oef;jrihfeJ@ rrjrifhwkd@ESpfa,muf w&m;a[mzkd@ a&S@ukdxGufvmwkdif; A[kdrSmvnf; tvkyfrsm;wJh ta=umif;/+rdK@e,fawGukd ulnDcsifayr,fh vma&mufrulnDEkdifa=umif;? tck[mu }uHKawmifh}uHKcJ tvGef &cJwJh tcGifha&;aumif;wckjzpfa=umif;rdwfqufay;avh &S dygw,f? y&dowf}uD;uvnf; tm;&0rf;om vufckyf=obm ay;=uygw,f? w&m; a[mwJhtcgrSmvnf;b,folawGjzpf=uw,fqkdwmukd xyfrHrdwfqufay;ygao; w,f? rSefygw,f? tifrwef&cJwJh tcGifha&;aumif; wckyg? u|efrwkd@+rdK@e,fuHaumif;w,fvkd@ ajym&if&ygw,f? tpnf;ta0; vkyfwJhtcg vlxk toHukd od&atmif vlxkwGif; u|efr wkd@&JabmfawGukd v$wfxm;ygw,f?tpfr}uD;ukda&m/ rrjrifhukdyg cifyGef;ukdcspfwJhpdwfeJ@ awmfvSefa&;xJ vkdufygvmr_ukd csD;usL;=uygw,f? trsdK;orD;b0wlcsif;rkd@ pmem=u a=umif;/&JabmfocifA[def;ukdvnf; csD;usL;a=umif; vlxktoHukd jyefvnfod&wJhtcg u|efrwkd@vnf; 0rf;om&ygw,f?

w&m;a[mwJhtcg tpfr}uD;a&m/ rrjrifhyg jyifqifr_aumif;+yD; tcsuft vufawG a0a0qmqmeJ@ ajym=ua[m=u ygw,f?pum;ajymvnf; wrsdK;pD aumif;=u ygw,f? (tpfr}uD;u tmabmiftm&if; oefoef/ vufoD;vufarmif;wef;+yD; ajym wmrdk@wufºur_&S dygw,f? rrjrif huawmh av,lavodrf;aumif;+yD; tajym aumif; ygw,f) u|efrwkd @twGufvnf; tawG@t}uHK

74

aumif;aumif;&ygw,f? trsm;}uD; ynm&ygw,f?u|efrwOD;csif; pOf;pm;rdygw,f? u|efrwkd@ =um;zl;wm &JabmfocifA[def; wa,muf/ &Jabmfocifoef;azwa,muf olwkd@[m

vlcsp fvlci f tifrwefaygw,f? ocifA[de f ;qk dvnf; pum;rajyme J @O D ; / vluk d jri fvk dufwmeJ @ c sp fci fav;pm; =uw,f?ocifoef;az(awmifil)qkdvnf; (w&m;a[m tvGefaumif;w,fvkd@ emrnf}uD;olyg? txufu trdef@csvkdufvkd@ zrf;0&rf;ukdif+yD;zrf;&atmifvmwJh ykvdyfuawmif ocif oef;az w&m;a[mwmukd =um;vkduf&wmeJ rzrf;Ekdifao;bJ 0ifem;axmifae+yD;) w&m;a[mwm+yD;oGm;rS zrf;w,fqkdwJhta=umif;ukd vl}uD;awGajymjywmukd wqifh ajymjywm =um;zl;ygw,f? tckvnf; &Jabmf ocifA[def;u vlukd,fwkdifr&SdawmhbJ (uG,fvGefoGm;+yD;)jzpfwmawmifrS vlxkawGu av;pm;rysuf/ cspfcifr_rysufwm ukd awG;rd+yD; ygwDacgif;aqmifawGukd=unfndKav;pm;rqHk; jzpfrdygawmhw,f?

w&m;yGJtwGif;rSmyJ trsdK;orD;or*~acgif;aqmifrsm;ukd csufcsif;vufiif; rJeJ@ a&G;aumuf wifajr‡muf&ygw,f? or*~0ifOD;a&tenf;trsm;tvkduf acgif;aqmiftzGJ@ [m tenf;qHk;(5)OD;rS trsm;qHk;(13)OD;txd a&G;aumufEdkifygw,f? 'Dvkda&G; aumufwJh tcg/ rJay;wJhtcgtvGefaysmfp&maumif;ygw,f? wcgw&H rJcsif;wkdufaevkd@ tcsdef=um wm &Sdayr,fh tm;vHk;u aysmfaysmf&$if&$ifeJ@yJ +yD;ygw,f?

oufqdkif&m tdrfaxmif&Sif trsdK;om;yg rxifrSwfbJ ygvmwm awG@&vkd@ u|efrwkd@u pdwfxJrSm enf;enf;oHo,jzpfwm &SdcJhayr,fhvufawG@rSm u|efrwkd@ xifovkd r[kwfbJ tcsdK@udpPawGtwGuf tcuftcJ &Sdae&if yg0ift}uHay;wmawG/ ulnDwmawG &Sdygw,f?tr_aqmiftzGJ@ukd zGJ@pnf;wJhtcg vkyfaqmif&r,fh wm0efrsm;yg &Sif;jy w,f?

(1)OuUÏ (tzGJ@tpnf;wckvHk;ukd tawG;tac:t& acgif;aqmifr_ ay;&ef)(2)twGif;a&;rª; (vkyfief;wm0eftm;vHk;atmifjrifa&; wm0ef cH&ef)(3)b¾ma&;rª; (pkdufysdK;a&;šarG;jrLa&;)(4)tr_aqmif (usef;rma&;šynma&;)(5)tr_aqmif (ppfatmifEkdifa&;)

tr_aqmifa&G;wJhtcg OuUÏ/ twGif;a&;rª;wkd@[m enf;enf;touf}uD;ol/ wpHkw&m =oZm&Sdolvnf; jzpf&r,fvkd@ rJay;wJhtcgtm;vHk;pOf;pm;Ekdfifzdk@ t}uHay; &ygw,f? useftr_aqmif 3 a,mufuawmh toufi,fol(tdrfvkyfief;enf;yg;ol) jzpf&ygr,f?

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tr_aqmiftzGJ@rSm wOD;csif;wm0ef cGJa0xm;wmu vkyfief;vkyfwJhtcg pepfuszkd@ yk drk dvG,fulzkd@twGufyJ? tm;vHk;[mpkaygif;acgif;aqmifr_eJ@ vkyf&r,f? 'g[m aumfrwDpepf&J@ obm0yJ? pkaygif;r_&Sdovkd wm0efcGJa0r_vnf; &Sdw,f? tcsif;csif; tjyeftvSefav;pm;&r,f? pnf;vHk;&r,f? tjyeftvSef ulnD&r,f? wvw}udrf tr_aqmif tpnf;ta0; yHkrSefxkdifyg? vkyfief;awGukd jyefvnfppfaq;wmawG vkyf &r,f? tvkyfuawmh “vkyf&if;oif/ oif&if;vkyf”ygyJ? bmrS pkd;&drfp&m r&Sdygbl;vkd@ tm;ay; pum; ajym&w,f?

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tpnf;ta0; wufyg w,f? tJ'DrSm u|efrwkd@ tawG@t}uHKwck &ygw,f? tJ'gu r&if&ifqkdwJh trdsK;orD; tr_ aqmifwOD;u ol@&J@ukd,fawG@tawG@t}uHKwckukd ajymjyygw,f? 'Dvkdyg?

“u|efr&J@ cifyGef;ukdxGef;u ajymygw,f? trsdK;orD;or*~ zGJ@pnf;a&;twGuf tpnf;ta0;vkyfwJhnu trsdK;orD;awGudkyJzdwfrSef;odayr,fh rodcsifa,mifaqmif+yD; tpnf;ta0;ukd vkdufvmwm trsdK;orD;or*~qkdawmh ‘a,mufsm;qef@usifa&;awG’yJ a[mrSmyJ?vkyfawmhvnf; 'gyJ vkyfrSmyJvkd pOf;pm;rdwm tpnf;ta0;xJa&mufrS txifeJ@tjrif vHk;0rrSefbl;qkdwmukd odvkdufawmh ukd,fh[mukd,f&Sufvkdufwm? ig'D avmuf nHh&ovm;vkd@ ukd,fhukd,fukd,fvnf; a'gojzpfrdw,fuGm? [kd-tpfr}uD; a[m wm em;axmif &awmhrStrsdK;orD;awG&J@ b0ukd em;vnfrdawmhw,f? trsdK;orD; qkdwm vlwa,muf jzpfygvsufeJ@ vlvkdolvkd oabmxm;rcH&bl;qkdwm awmfawmfqkd;wmyJaemf? tvkyfwl&if tcwl&a&;wkd@/ t&G,fa&mufvm&if rJay;EkdifcGifh wkd@qkdwJh tcGifhta&;tm;vHk;[m trsdK;orD;awG toufeJ@&if;+yD; wkdufyGJ0ifcJhvkd@om &vmcJhwm wJh? tdENd,u trsdK;orD;awGta=umif;od&awmh oem;p&muGm? vifao&if rdef;ryg vkduf ao&wm?igjzifhtHha&m”wJh?

'Dae@vnf; tr_aqmif tpnf;ta0; ac:xm;w,fqdkawmh “&if&ifa& tpnf;ta0; aemufusaer,f? tcsdefrDoGm;? tpfr}uD;wkd@ajymjywmawG aoao csmcsmrSwf? =um;vm;? ukd,fwkd;wuf&m wkd;wufa=umif;ajymwm? n(8)em&DavmufrS igvm}udK r,f”vkd@ u|efrukdrSmvkdufygw,fvkd@ ajymjyygw,f?

u|efrwkd@vnf; a=omf æ 'ga=umifh or*~zGJ@pnf;a&;rSm trsdK;om;awmfawmf rsm;rsm; ygvmwm/ vufpowfawmh 'ga=umifhukd; æ

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vkd@ oabmaygufrdygawmhw,f?n(9)em&DavmufrSm tpnf;ta0; atmifjrifpGm +yD;cJhygw,f?

tcsdefuawmh zqyv tpkd;&ukd(&efukeftpkd;&)vkd@ tac:cHae&csdef vufeufukdifawmfvSefol aygif;pHkwkd@u atmifyGJcHaecsdef jzpfygw,f?ygwDuvnf; “ESpf-ESpftwGif; ppftEkdifwkdufa&; vrf;pOf csxm;csdef &Jabmfwkdif;[m tvGefrwef wufºu aecsdef jzpfygw,f? wyfawGuppfwkdufwmawmif ‘ukdwm’cs+yD; wkduf=uwm ukd rSwfrdaeao;w,f? (aemiftcg acgif;aqmifrsm;u 'Dvrf;pOfukd ‘vuf0JtrSm;’ jzpfw,fvkd@oHk;oyf xm;ygw,f)

tJ'Dtcsdefu tpD&ifcHpmwkdif;rSmyJjzpfjzpf/ &Jabmftcsif;csif; pma&;wmyJ jzpfjzpf tqHk;owfrSm “ESpf-ESpftwGif; ppfEkdif&rnf”vkd@t+rJygygw,f?

tpfr}uD;wkd@tzGJ@[m u|efrwkd@+rdK@e,fukd ulnD+yD; usefwJh+rdK@e,fawGukd c&D; xGufoGm; yg+yD? u|efrwkd@vnf; ae@nrem;or*~zGJ@pnf;a&;awGukd qufwkdufvkyfaqmif vmcJhwm &Gmqufa0;/ tvSrf;a0;wJh ae&mu &Gmtenf;i,fyJ usefygawmhw,f?

aqmif;wae@ reufapmapmrSm u|efrwkd@tzGJ@(u|efr/ *srf;eJ@ ti,f 3 a,muf)[m bl;uGJ&GmrSm or*~zGJ@pnf;wm +yD;vkd@ aeylrrdatmifapmapmx+yD; ukdif; qkdwJh&Gmukd ul;=uw,f? &Gmu OD;}uD;wa,muf qufom;tjzpf vkdufykd@ygw,f? OD;}uD; tajymt& bl;uGJeJ@ukdif;[menf;enf;tvSrf;awmh a0;w,fwJh? 'D ukdif; qkdwJh&Gm[m &Gmqufa0;oavmuf awmfawmf acgifyHk&w,f? vSnf;vrf;awmif aumif;aumif;r &Sdbl;? wcgw&H vSnf;vrf;u aysmufoGm;vkduf/ vloGm;vrf;eJ@ oGm;vkdufeJ@ OD;}uD;u a&S@u ykqkd;wxnfukd acgif;+rD;+cHKxm;+yD;ajymif;zl;zufaq;vdyf}uD; wzGmzGmeJ@ oGm;ae wm=unfh+yD; u|efrwkd@ 3 a,mufu aemufu rDatmif vkduf/ rrD&if OD;}uD;u &yfapmifh +yD;“vm=u a[h-uav;rwkd@/ }udK;pm;=ua[h”vkd@ t+rJyJ tm;ay;ygw,f? u|efrwkd@ rDvmrS wcg qufoGm;vkdufeJ@ c&D;oGm;&wm odyfrcsrf;/armvnf;rarmvSyg? ykd;tdwf vG,fxm;wmrkd@ aemufausmu tcsrf;vHkaeygw,f? u|efrwkd@u pum;wajymajymeJ@ vkdufae&mu OD;}uD;eJ@tawmfuav; tvSrf;uGmoGm;&if tajy;uav;vkduf/ vkduf rD+yDqdk&if yHkrSef oGm;vkdufeJ@ awmfawmft&Sdef&aeyg+yD?

arhr&Ekdifygaom æ tnw& Adrmefarhr&Ekdifygaom æ tnw& Adrmefarhr&Ekdifygaom æ tnw& Adrmefarhr&Ekdifygaom æ tnw& Adrmefarhr&Ekdifygaom æ tnw& Adrmef“a[mawmh æ OD;}uD;uvnf; jrefvkdufwm? u|efrwkd@awmif vkdufrrD awmh bl;? vm-vm/ cyfokwfokwfvkdufrS &awmhr,f”oGm;aewJh ajcvrf;u v,fuGufxJrSm cyfa&;a&;yJ jrif&w,f? ab;ESpf bufu awmu ykd}uD;vmw,f? v,fuGufuvnf;

awmtkyfESpfck=um;rSm wjznf; jznf; usOf;vmw,f?“*srf;a& æ jrefjref/ jrefjref? ti,faum? OD;}uD;ukd trDoGm;rS jzpfr,f” u|efru owday;&if; cyfokwfokwf vkduf&ygw,f?“OD;}uD;uvnf; b,fvkdjzpfw,f rodbl;uGm? 'Dwcg wkd@ukdawmif rapmifh awmh bl;”*srf;u OD;}uD;ukd odyfrajyvnf[efeJ@ ajym&if;

cyfokwfokwf vkdufaeygw,f?“a[m æ *srf;a&/ OD;}uD;u [kdwJav;bufukd csdK;0ifoGm;+yDa[h? vm æ vm wkd@vnf; a&aEG;av; bmav; aomuf&atmif”u|efrwkd@ 3 a,mufvHk; tarmwaumeJ@ vkdufoGm;ayr,fh OD;}uD;ukdawmh rrDawmhbl;? OD;}uD;u wJav;xJ0if&if; ajymvkdufwJh

toHukdyJ =um;vkduf&ygawmhw,f?“vlav;a& æ tbvm+yDav”wJh?*srf;u “a[h-a[h wJxJrSm vl&Sdw,fa[h? wkd@awmh a&aEG;aomuf&awmhrSm aocsmoGm;+yD”u|efrwkd@ 3 a,muf ar#mfvifhw}uD;eJ@ wJayguf0em;vnf; a&mufyga&m? tkdæ [,f æ [m æ vkd@ w+ydKifwnf; atmfvkdufrdovkd

vSrf;aewJh ajcvSrf;awG[m vnf; wkef@ueJ &yfoGm;awmhw,f?u|efr&ifxJrSm 'def;ueJ jzpfoGm;+yD; acgif;vnf; t}uD;}uD;jzpfoGm;w,f? txifeJ@tjrifu uGmvkdufwm? tkd æ jrifraumif; ±_raumif;

vl±kd;awG/ vl±kd;awG? tyHk}uD;u cg;avmuf xdjrifhw,f? rsufvHk;a[mufyufeJ@ acgif;uwjcm;/ eH±kd;+ydKif;+ydKif; xaewJh ukd,fxnf}uD;u wjcm;?arSmufwmarSmuf vSefwmvSef/ ajcaxmuf±kd;awG vuf±dk;awGuvnf; xkd;xkd;axmifaxmifeJ@ wyHk}uD;? a=umufp&m}uD;? wcsufwcsufnD‡a[mufa[muf teH@uvnf; eHovkdvdk? “OD;}uD;uvnf; bmvdk@rsm; 'Dukd 0ifvmygvdrfh? a=umufp&m}uD;? &GHp&m uvnf; aumif;ao;w,f”

u|efr tJ'Dvkd pOf;pm;aewkef; OD;}uD;u t±kd;yHk}uD;xJu vuf±kd;ESpfacsmif;ukd aumuf,l/ &ifbwfrSm ykdfufxm;+yD;-“vlav;&,f æ tbeJ@ aemufqHk;ajymcJhwJh pum;av;awGukd jyefajym ygOD;vm;uG,f? rdbu ckdif;&if b,fwkef;urS rjiif;cJhbl;wJh

om;tvdrfrm}uD;&,f æ [D; - [D; - [D;”tkd æ OD;}uD;[m 0rf;enf;yufvuf ikdaeygayghvm; æ ikd&if;eJ@ OD;}uD;u u|efr wkd@ukd armh=unfh&if; ajymjyefygw,f?“om; æ tvdrfrmav;&,f? tJ'Dae@u ab;qkd;eJ@ awG@awmhr,fqkdwm odaeovkdyJ rdbpum;ukd rjiif;pzl; jiif;aew,f?

roGm;csifbl;? roGm;csifbl;wJ@? om at;wkd@/ acG;ndKwkd@/ qkd;aywkd@vnf;rygbl;? usKyfwa,mufwnf;&,f”wJh?“vlav;&,f æ 'Dvkdab;qkd;}uD;eJ@ awG@r,fvkd@om odcJh&if æ vlav;ukd tb rv$wfygbl;? tbukd,fwkdif emvefxrkd@ tm;r&Sdvnf;

av;bufaxmufoGm;& oGm;& oGm;ygw,f? vlav;&,f æ ckawmh æ ckawmh” OD}uD;&J@ toH[m wdrf0ifoGm;+yD; AvHk;AaxG;eJ@ bmawGajymw,fvkd@rod qufajymaeygw,f?

OD;}uD;&J@ tjzpfukdjrifawmh u|efrwkd@3 a,mufvnf; 0rf;enf;vm+yD; ikdaerd awmhw,f? oHk;a,mufom; wa,mufukd wa,mufwif;aeatmif zufxm;rdw,f? ti,fuawmh uav;omomqkdawmh atmf}uD;[pfus,f ikd±Hkrubl;? “tara& æ tara&”eJ@vnf;

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ac:aeygw,f?OD;}uD;[m ±k_duf}uD;wiifeJ@ “vlav;a& æ vdrfrm ygw,fuGm æ tbae aumif;vm&if vlav;ukd rv$wfawmhygbl;? tb

oGm;rSmaygh? tckawmh vlav;yJ oGm;vkdufygOD;uGm”qkdawmh æ x&HrSm csdwfxm;wJh avmufpvHk;tdwfuav;ukd qGJjzKwf vkduf+yD;-“tbuajymawmh vG,fvkdufwm? nae tdrfjyefawmhr,fqkd&if ejym (EGm; jym)}uD;u odyfcsdKaxmifwm? awG@or# EGm;tkyfxJ

0ifaqmhvm; aqmh&J@? a0S@vm; a0S@&J@? olrsm; Akdufqmygw,fqkdrS ol@ukdyJ vkdufarmif;ae&wm? zwfzwfukd arm aewm As? 'ga=umifh usKyfuol@ukdodyfaomufjrifuyfwmwJh?

“a=omf æ om;av; æ om;av;”“ruyfvkdufygeJ@ om;&,f? ejym(EGm;jym)}uD;crsmvnf; tJ'Dae@u om;av; vkdyJ taoqkd;eJ@ ao&wmyg? [kd-acG; aumifawG&J@

atmifyGJaysmfyGJpm;zkd@ toHk;awmf cHoGm;&&Smw,f? tck tbwkd@rSm pmOwaumifwnf;&,f” OD;}uD;crsm rxdef;EkdifyJ ikdyGJqifaumif;wkef;yg?tJ'Dvkdikd&if;u OD;}uD;[m t±kd;yHkawGxJrSm wckckukd &Smaeovkdvkd? a[m æ a[m æ ajym&if; ikd&if;u rsufwGif;a[mufyufeJ@ uav;acgif;cGHwckukdaumuf+yD; &ifbwfrSm ykdufxm;vkduf jyefyg+yD?

vlav;a& tdrfuxGufcgeD; xrif;xkyfygwJh vG,ftdwfav;ukd vG,f&if;eJ@ vlav;aemufqHk; ajymoGm;wmav æ“tif; æ 'Dcsdefqkd omat;wkd@/ acG;ndKwkd@awmh pmtHae=u+yDaygh”wJh?“om;av;[m 'gyJajym+yD; aemufxyfbmoHrS r=um;&awmhvkd@ tbu vlav; rsufESmukd =unfhvkdufawmh æ tkd æ vlav;&,f?

vlav;u &ifxJrSm cHpm;ae& wmawGukd tbwkd@a&S@rSm æ rajym&ufvkd@ rajymcJhayr,fh æ 'gavmufawmh tb em;vnfygw,fuGm?vlav;&J@ idkrJhrJh rsufESmuav;u oli,fcsif;awGu pmtHaecsdefrSm ukd,fu EGm;ausmif;ae&wJhtjzpfukd awG;+yD;0rf;enf; æ cHpm;ae&wJh ætjzpfukd æ tbem;vnfygw,f æ vlav;&,f? 'gawG æ tbodcJhayr,fh æ rodcsifa,mif aqmifaecJh&w,f? tb æ &ifxJrSmawmh ærD;awmufaewm æ yguGm”

OD;}uD;&J@ wvdrfhvdrhfpD;qif;aewJh rsuf&nfawG[m &ifbwfrSm ykdufxm;wJh acgif;cGHav;ay:rSm &$J&$Jpkdvkd@ aeyg+yD? OD;}uD;[m acgif;cGHay:ursuf&nfawGudk +cHKxm;wJh ykqdk;eJ@ w,kw, yGwfwkdufokwfay;ae&if;u-

“vlav;a& æ rif;&J@oli,fcsif;awGeJ@twl pyg;ay:&if vªr,fvkd@ tm;cJxm; ayr,fh æ +*dK[fqkd;u 0ifar$awmh æ tbuiSufzsm;jzpf+yD; vJcJhvkd@ &SdpkrJhpk aiGpav;awG ukefcJhw,f? qkd;vkdufwJh æ uH? om;av;ukd ouFef;av;awmif qD;ray;EdkifcJhbl;? 'gavmufeJ@wifr&yfao;bl; æ vlav;eJ@vnf; æ b0 æ jcm;cJh&w,f? 'DESpfpyg;ay:&if æ jzpfwJhenf;eJ@ vlav;twGuf &nfrSef;+yD; ouFef;wpHk 0,fvªyghr,fvlav;&,f æ a&muf&m b0u æ om æ "k æ ac: æ yg æ awmh æ aemf æ [D; æ”vkd@ toH&Snf}uD; qGJikd vkdufwJh æ OD;}uD;ukd ajy;v_yf+yD;“OD;}uD;-OD;}uD;”vkd@ twif;v_yfcg+yD; ac:vkdufawmhrS “tif;”vkd@ oH&Snf}uD;eJh jyefxl;&if; quf+yD;ikd±d_ufaewmrkd@-

“OD;}uD;-OD;}uD; owdxm;ygOD;-OD;}uD;&,f? u|efrwkd@ c&D;vnf; quf&OD;r,f av æ” vkd@ owday;vkduf&ygw,f?wu,fawmh 'Dpum;udk rajym&ufayr,fh ajymvkduf&ygw,f? (vl}uD;awG u ajymzl;w,f? odyfikdvGef;tm;}uD;&if ikdtlayguf+yD;

wufoGm;wwfw,f-wJh)rawmfvkd@ OD;}uD;wufoGm;&if b,fhES,fvkyfygh rvJ?OD;}uD;[m ikd±_duf&if;u owdjyef&oGm;ovkd &ifbwfxJu acgif;cGHeJ@ vuf±kd; av; ESpfacsmif;ukd w,kw, ol@yg;eJ@ t}udrf}udrf

yGwfoyf+yD;aemuf t±kd;yHkay: tom t&m csxm;vkduf&if;-“vlav;a& æ tb æ oGm;p&m &Sdao;vkd@ c%oGm;OD;r,faemf æ r=umbl; tb æ jyefvmcJh æ r,faemf æ”vkd@ajym&if;

rsuf&nfawGukd okwf+yD; 10 ayywfvnf avmuf &SdwJh wJi,fav;ukd wcsufpkduf=unfh+yD; rcGJcsifcGJcsifeJ@ cGJcJhygawmhw,f?vrf;rSm u|efrwkd@tm;vHk; pum;wcGef;rS rajymjzpfawmhbJ tawG;ukd,fpDeJ@ oGm;vkduf=uwm ukdif;&Gmukd a&mufcJhyg+yD? &GmrSm

jynfol@ppfacgif;aqmif OD;}uD;pkd;tdrfukd u|efrwkd@ukd ykd@ay;xm;cJh+yD; OD;}uD;u jyefr,fwuJuJ vkyfaevkd@ tdrf&SifOD;}uD;pkd;u twif; wm;+yD;-“igodygw,f ukd&ifarmif&m æ tjyef rif; vlav;qD 0ifcsifvkd@ r[kwfvm;? tcsdef tapm}uD; &Sdygao;w,fuGm? xrif; pm;+yD;rS

jyef? b,fES,fhAsm a&mufwkef; a&mufckduf pum;p+rDav; ajym+yD;rS jyefaygh? r_wfzl;vm; r,fvS&,f”“[kwfyghawmf æ ukdzkd;armifuvnf; usKyfawmif xrif;tkd; w,f+yD;ae+yD? r=umygbl;awmf? 'geJ@ aeygtHk;? rapmwa,mufaum

aeaumif;&J@vm;”“tif; æ aumif;ygw,f”OD;}uD;[m rajymcsifajymcsifeJ@ jyefajym&Smygw,f?“'DrSm æ ukd&ifarmif& igajymr,f? om;av;ukd cspfw,fqkd+yD; ikdae±HkeJ@ r+yD;bl;? om;av;wifrubl;/ tm;vHk; 'Db0qkd;u

vGwfajrmufzdkd@ igwkd@ 'Dppfukd Ekdifatmifwkduf=u&r,f æ odvm;? at; æ wbufuvnf; om;av;awG aumif;&m ok*wdvm;atmifukokdvfaumif;r_vnf; wwftm;oI jyK=u&r,f”

“[kwfygw,f æ ukd&ifpkd;&m æ usKyfvnf; 'DvkdyJ pOf;pm;xm;ygw,f? 'DESpfaEGrSmawmh jzpfwJhenf;eJ@ vªEkdifatmif usKyfvnf;}udK;pm;aeygw,f”

“[m æ tJvkdrSaygh æ aumif;w,f? aumif;w,f? igvnf;'DvkdyJuG? ‘'DESpfawmh vªjzpfatmifukd vªrSm? at; æ wbufuvnf;&efolukd arhaevkd@ r&bl; aemf? tJ'g'DDacG;aumifawG igwkd@&GmawGay:ukd xyfwcg jyefajcrcsEkdifatmif owd&Sd&SdeJ@ wkduf& r,fuG”

“[m æ [kwfwmaygh ukd&ifpkd;&m? 'Dppfukd tEkdifwkdufzkd@ wm0ef[m usKyfwkd@&J@ wm0efyJ? b,fayghvkd@ &rvJ”OD;}uD;wkd@ESpfa,muf pum;aumif;aewkef; usrwkd@vnf; a':}uD;xrif;csuf wJhae&mrSm 0kdif;ulnDvkyfukdif ay;=uygw,f? a':}uD;u-“aeae uav;rwkd@ rvkyfygeJ@? usKyfwa,mufwnf; Ekdifygw,f? uav;r wkd@u armvmwm rvkyf=uygeJ@”

77

“usrwkd@ rarmygbl; ta':? vkyfvkd@&ygw,f”'DvkdeJ@ r=umrD xrif;pm;=uygw,f? xrif;u ajymif;eJ@qefa&mcsufxm;wJh ESpfvGef;wif xrif;yg? r#pfcsOf[if;eJ@ iydaxmif;? pm;vkd@

awmfawmfaumif;ygw,f?xrif;pm;+yD; vufzuf&nf=urf;0kdif;rSm OD;}uD;[m c%avmufyJae+yD; E_wf quf jyefoGm;yg+yD?“uav;rwkd@ xrif;pm;vkd@ +rdef=u&J@vm;uG,f? [if;u raumif;&wJhtxJ xrif;uvnf; ajymif;qefeJ@ a&mxm;wmqkdawmh

aumif;p&m ta=umif;ukd r&Sdawmh bl;”OD;}uD;pkd;u azmfazmfa&Ga&GeJ@ pum;ajymaeygw,f?aumif;ygw,fOD;}uD;&,f? 'DvkdESpfvGef;wif/ oHk;vGef;wifwkd@qkdwm usrwkd@u pm;aeusyg? rtlav;yifwkd@/ r&rf;cHkwkd@ bufrSmqkd&if

oabFmacgif;wkd@ (oabFmacgif; qkdwm oabFmyif wyifvHk;ukd ckwfvkduf+yD; twGif;tacgif;yG}uD;xJu tlEkjzLjzLav;awG ,lvkdufwm)aºu;Owkd@ESrf;ywfcJ(ESrf;zwf qD}udwf+yD;tcJukda&pdrfxm;+yD; EGm;pmxJrSm jrufeJ@a&mau|;&w,f)wkd@eJ@ csufwmukd pm;&wm? tck ajymif;eJ@qefa&mcsufwJhxrif; u taumif;pm;yg”

“at; æ at; æ 'Dvkdqkd awmfao;wmayghuGm? usKyfwkd@ 'Dem;w0kduf &GmpOf wav#mufuawmh jymyHkxJu vl;vJxvm=u&wmayghuGm? wkd@'D&GmawG tm;vHk;[m ESpfcgjyef oHk;cgjyef rD;±d_cHxm;&wJh &GmcsnfhyJ? tenf;qHk;rcH&bl;qkd wcgawmh rD;±d_cH&w,f?pm;vkd@&wJhypPnf; tukef,lwmyJuG? tdrfrSmarG;wJh wd&p>mef =uuf/ 0uf/ bJ/ u|J/ EGm;/ acG;/ a=umifutp rusefbl;? awG@wmjrifwm tukefqGJ,lypfcwf pm;aomufypfwm? olwkd@pm;rukefvdk@&Sd&if pm;r&atmif zsufqD;ypfwm? a,mufsm;qkd 9 ESpf/ 10 ESpf t&G,favmufup+yD;tzkd;}uD;awGtxd awG@&iftukefzrf;/ vufjyef}udK;wkyf wef;pD ypfowf? rdef;rawG@&ifvnf; 'DvkdyJ? uav;rawG a&S@ajym&OD;r,f? r±kdaohpum;?9 ESpf 10 ESpft&G,favmufup/ tzGm;}uD;awGtxd tvGwfray;bl;? rw&m;usifh wm? xGD æ 'gavmufqkd;wJhwyfrsdK;? 'gavmuf±kdif;wJhvlawG?wcgrS rawG@bl;aygif Asm? awmuf - &mZ0if±kdif;vkdfufav? [if;-'ga=umifh usKyfwdk@uvnf; ygwD&J@ acgif; aqmifr_eJ@ &&mvufeufqGJ+yD;jyefwkdufcJhvkd@ 'if;wkd@ acG;ao/ 0ufao˜aocJh=u & wm”

u|efrwkd@pum;ajymaewm em;axmifaewJhta':[m ikdvmyg+yD? ±_duf ±_duf+yD; idkaewJh ta':ukd=unfh&if; æ“rikdygeJ@ r,fvS&,f æ igwkd@wOD;wa,mufwnf; jzpf&wm r[kwfygbl;? wkd@e,f we,fvHk;csD+yD; wkd@jynfol w&yfvHk;cHcJh &wmyg?

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OD;}uD;u usrwkd@ukd ajymaeayr,fh ZeD;jzpfolukd tuJcyf=unfhae&if;u ajzodrfh&Smygw,f?“r,fvS&,f æ rif;vkdygyJ? igvnf; zatwa,muftaeeJ@ pdwfxJrSm t+rJ xdckdufaewmygyJ æ uGm? 'gayr,fh usefwJhvlawGeJ@

E_dif;pm=unfhprf;? uJ-a0;a0; r=unfheJ@? ukd&ifarmifeJ@yJ E_dif;=unfhygOD;? ol@crsm om;av;uvnf; ouFef;awmif pnf; ray;&ao;bl;?towfcH&wJhtxJ ygoGm;w,f? usefwJhorD;av;usawmh ajy;wkef; v$m;wkef; iSufzsm;jzpf+yD; aq;r&Sd/ 0g;r &SdeJ@? 'DvkdyJ qHk;oGm;w,f? tdrfaxmifOD;uwnf;u ygvmwJh EGm;ESpfaumif &Sdwmvnf; waumifu acG;aumifawGu owfpm; ypf=uw,f? 'DvkdeJ@yJ EGm;waumifiSm;+yD;vkyfpm;ae=u&&Smw,f? wkd@rSmu om;}uD; zkd;0if;u towfcH&wJhtxJ ygoGm;w,fqkdayr,fh om;i,fav;eJ@ orD;av;wkd@ &Sd ao;w,f?tpm;xkd;p&mtvGrf;ajzp&m usefygao;w,f? atmf æ ukd&ifarmifwkd@ tjzpfES,f æ awmufæ qkd;vkdufwm? at;av æ 'ga=umifhvnf;r,fapmcrsm ESvHk; ysuf ±l;oGm;& &Smwm æ”

OD;}uD;&J@pum;tqHk;rSm ta':[m ikd±d_uf&if;u acgif;ay:u wbufav;eJ@ wvdrhfvdrfh pD;qif;vmwJh rsuf&nfrsm;ukd okwfypf&if;ol@bmom pdwfukd xdef;wJhtae eJ@ ab;em;rSm csxm;xJh ajymif;zl;zuf aq;vdyfukd rD;wkd@+yD; zGm±d_ufaeygw,f?

a=omf æ OD;}uD;wkd@ ta':wkd@tjzpfawGES,f qkd;vkdufwm? urBmausawmif ausEkdifp&m r&Sdygbl; æ 'ga=umifhrkd@xifw,f? rae@uusrwkd@ wnf;vmcJhwJhtdrfu ta': (OD;}uD;&J@ZeD;) wcgw&H usrwkd@eJ@ pum;ajym&if;u ol@rsufvHk;=unfhyHkawG[m wcg wcg æ wrsdK;yJ æ vkd@usrxifcJhwm? tckrSyJ Zmwfvrf;u &Sif;oGm;awmhw,f? u|efrtdrfrSm aewkef;u tvS&J@tar ajymjyoGm;wmawG jyefowd& aerdygw,f? ta':a& æ ta':ajymjycJhwmawGav ætck,u|efr vufawG@ jrifawG@ =um;odae&yg+yD? tjypfrJhwJh jynfolawGukd 'gavmuf &uf&ufpufpuf vkyfcJh=uwJh &efol? 'D&efol[m u|efrwkd@&J@(vlwef;pm;t&)&efolyJ? 'Davmuf,kwfrm &ufpufwJh “&efol”udk b,fawmhrS rausbl;? t±H_;ray;bl;? OD;rn¸wfbl;? Ekdifatmifwkdufr,f?vufpm;acsr,f? u|efr&J@pdwftvsif[m vGifhyg;+yD; awG;rdawG;&m awG;aeckdufrSmyJ OD;}uD;&J@ toHuay:vmw,f?

“uJ æ uav;rwkd@a& æ usKyfwkd@tjzpfawGuawmh qkd;ovm;vkd@ rar;eJ@awmh? aorxl;aerxl;yJ? 'ga=umifhrxl;wJh twlawmhtaocHum csr,fqkdwJh qHk;jzwfcsufeJ@ tck usKyfu wkdufe,f('kdife,f) jynfol@ppfacgif;aqmifvkyf+yD; &efolukd wkdufaewmaygh”

“tkd æ odyfaumif;wm? odyfrSefwmaygh OD;}uD;&,f æ 'grS ukd,fhtwGufvnf; b0qkd;u vGwfajrmuf+yD;/ usefwJhjynfolawGvnf;b0qkd;eJ@rawG@&awmhbl;aygh? 'grS +idrf;csrf;wJh/ om,mwJhb0ukd wnfaqmufEkdifawmhrSmaygh æ”

usreJ@*srf;u +ydKifwl ajymvkdufygawmhw,f?+yD;awmh usrpdwfxJrSm&Sdaewmukdyg wqufwnf; ajymvkdufygao;w,f?“OD;}uD;&,f æ [kd æ txdrf;trSwfAdrmefukd vkyfr,fqkd&if taumif;qHk;eJ@ vSvSyy ckdifckdifcef@cef@vnf;vkyfyg OD;}uD;&,f?

tckvkdjrif&wm usrawmh odyfpdwfxdcdkuf rdw,f æ jrefjrefvnf;vkyfyg æ aemf”“tkd æ vkyfrSmvkyfrSm? OD;}uD;wkd@ESpf&Gmaygif; acgif;aqmifawG aqG;aEG;+yD;+yD? tck vmr,fhaEGrSm vkyfrSmyJ”*sr f;u OD; }uD;ZeD; jye f +y D ; p dwfxdc k dufvmrSmpk d ;vk d @ pum;pjzwfz k d @ usruk d tcsufjy aeygw,f? 'ge J @ usrvnf;

78

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79

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tr,fav; æ aumif;vkdufwJh yavGq&mav;&,f? 'Dtykd'fuav;ukd xyfcgwvJvJ aemhaew,f?

80

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81

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aemufrrv_difwJh? a':v_difv_dif(AkdvfcsKyf&efatmif&J@ZeD;)yg?om;av; ESpfa,mufeJ@? aZ}uD;eJ@ aZav;wJh?aemufrrEk? a':EkEkvGif(Ak dvfrª;oef;vGifxGef;&J@ZeD;)oabmaumif;w,f? emrnfeJ@ vk dufatmif El;nH hodrfarG@w,f?

(Akdvfrª;oef;vGifxGef;qkdwm 1950ckESpfu w±kwfjynf ynmoif apv$wfjcif;cHcJh&wJh &JabmfwOD;jzpfygw,f? 75ckESpfu ygwD&J@ t&HA[kdaumfrwD0ifjzpfvmcJh+yD; ygwDA[kd&J@tmabmf jynfol@toHrSm tcsdef=umjrifh pGm wm0efxrf;aqmifcJholyg? aemufykdif;rSm ta&S@ajrmufppfa'oeJ@ 101ppfa'orsm; rSm wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f? 2003ckESpfu uG,fvGefoGm;ygw,f? aemufqHk;txd ygwDeJ@ twl &yfwnfoGm;wJh &Jabmfa[mif;}uD;wOD;yg?)

aemufwa,mufuawmh rrnGef@-a':cifnGef@wJh? (AkdvfwifarmifnGef@&J@) ZeD; jzpf+yD;/ oluawmh 00wkwfwkwf bGif;bGif;&Sif;&Sif;yg?tkd ætrsm;}uD;ygyJ? tm;vHk;u AkdvfuawmfawGjzpfayr,fh &Jabmf&Jbufpdwf"mwfeJ@ ±kd;±kd;at;at; cifcifrifrifeJ@ 0kdif;0ef;tm;ay;=uw,f?

'Dtcsdefu wu,fhZmwfvkdufawGu ae=umpcef;rSmqkd&if AkdvfcsKyf&efatmif/ rrv_difwkd@&J@uav;-aZ}uD;eJ@aZav;wkd@aygh?oZifpcef;rSm armifarmifav;eJ@ nDnD av; (yJcl;±kd;r rSm usqHk;)wkd@aygh? OuUÏ}uD; ocifoef;xGef;&J@ om;av;ESpfa,muf yg? t}uD;rav;cifcifoef;u at;oavmuf ti,fESpfa,mufu aqmhvnf;aqmh qkd;vnf;qkd;ygw,f? rkd;vif;&if &JabmfawGqD (wyfxJ)ukd roGm;&raeEkdif?'Duav; ESpfa,muf&J@'%fukd &JabmfawGvnf; awmfawmf cH&w,f? odyfqkd;vmvkd@ rcHEk dif/ ajym r&wJhtcgusvnf; wcgw&H±kdufv$wfvkdufwmyJ? tJ'Dvkd tcgus&if ikd,kdjyef vm+yD; taztarukd wkdifw,f? 'Dvkdvmwkdif&if OuUÏ}uD;a&m rrcif(a':cif}uD;)yg ZeD;armifESHESpfa,mufvHk;u t+yHK;rysufygbl;?

“OD;OD;wkd@ udkukdwkd@u ajym&if em;axmif &w,f? vdrfvdrfrmrm ae&w,f? tck[mu om;wkd@u qkd;wmyJ? om;om;wkd@ vdrfrm&ifb,f±kdufrvJuG,f”vkd@ ajym w,f? qHk;rw,f?

rrcif(a':cif}uD;-OuUÏ}uD; &J@ZeD;)[m jzLjzLao;ao; EkEkav;yJ? oabm aumif;w,f? at;w,f? olu usef;rma&;raumif;&Smbl;? emwm&Snf av¹yef a&mifa&m*g/ ESvHk;a&m*gvnf; &Sdw,f? 'gayr,fh a&m*g tajctaeqkd;+yD; tdyf&mxJ vJae&ifom?'Dvkdr[kwf&if pcef;wm0efawGukd rysuf&bl;? &duQm±HkrSm tvSnfhus xrif;csufwm0ef ,l&w,fqkdwm odyfoufomvSwm r[kwfbl;? xrif;urkd;+AJ ',f}uD;awGeJ@ csuf&ifcsuf/ rcsuf&ifaygif;? [if;usawmh vl}uD;awGtwGuf (',f tkd;}uD;)eJ@wvHk;/ uav;twGuf uav;[if;qkd+yD;oD;oef@csufay;w,f? vl}uD;[if; xuf enf;enf;ykdaumif;w,f? i±kwfoD;rpyfbl;? vl&meJ@csD+yD;pm;wJh &duQm±Hku xrif; [if;udk csuf&wm?xrif;usuf&if xrif;a0ay;? +yD;&if tkd;cGufyef;uefawG aq;a=um oef@&Sif;/ &duQm ±HkxJvnf; oef@&Sif;a&;vkyf/ tukkef+yD;rS tdrfjyef&wmac|;wvHk;vHk;eJ@ roufombl;? w&ufwa,muf tvSnfheJ@ vkyfygw,f? acgif;aqmifawG&J@ ZeD;awG tm;vHk; twlwlyJ?

82

rr=unf(a':=unf=unfZif-OuUÏocifZif&J@ZeD;)/ rrrm(a':trm-twGif; a&;rª; ocifcspf&J @ZeD;)olwk d @wawG[molwkd@ukd,fwkdifvnf; trsdK;orD; acgif;aqmifawG jzpf=uw,f? vkyfief;wGif pHjyr[kwfbl;? pcef;wGif;rSm pnf;vHk;r_vnf; aumif;=uyg w,f?

ae=umpcef;u aZ}uD;/ aZuav;wkd@vnf; qkd;wmaqmhwm emrnf}uD; w,f? aeawmhvnf; wyfu&JabmfawGeJ@yJ aew,f?ajymr&qkdrEkdifvkd@ &JabmfawGu ±kdufv$wf vkduf&if tdrfukdjyefvmwkdifw,f? taz-tar(AkdvfcsKyf&efatmifeJ@ a':v_dif v_dif)wkd@uvnf;OuUÏ}uD;wkd@ZeD;armifESHvkdyJ +yHK;+yHK;, +yHK;+yHK; eJ@yJ“om;av;wkd@u vl}uD;awG ajymwmqHk;rwmukd em;axmif&r,f? vdrfvdrfrmrm ae=uzkd@ vl}uD;awGajymwJh pum;ukd em;axmifyg? vdrfrm&if ajymwJhpum;ukd em;axmif&if OD;OD;awGu b,fawmhrS r±kdufbl;? ykdawmif cspftHk;r,f” vkd@ ajymqkdqHk;r=uw,f?

u|efrxifwm wcgr[kwf wcgawmh pdwfqkd;rSmyJvkd@ xifrdw,f? 'gayr,fh wcgrS &JabmfawGukd pdwfqkd;wm rawG@&? r=um;cJh&bl;?&JabmfawGeJ@ &ifaoG;av;awGukd ‘ausmuom; &ifuom;’ rcGJjcm;bJ wef;wl&nfwl oabmxm;eJ@ cspfcifjrwfEkd;wmukd awG@&awmh0rf;vnf;om tHhvnf;tHh=ordw,f? ykd+yD;awmhvnf; cspfcifav;pm; =unf ndK rdygw,f?

'gwifruao;bl; u|efr A[kdukd a&mufrS u|efr&J@oli,fcsif; wa,muf (A[kduif;wyf/ wyfcGJrª;&J@ZeD;)u rdwfqufay;vkd@tHh=op&mjzpf&yfwckudkvnf; odcJh&zl;w,f? tJ'Dtjzpf tysufu 'Dvkdyg?

wae@rSm +rdK@e,fpcef;axmuf pcef;rª; &Jabmf(OD;)tHk;+rdKifu tvkyfudpPwck &SdwmeJ@ A[kdpcef;bufukd wa,mufwnf; xGufvmcJhw,f?&Jabmftkef;+rdKifqkdwm t&yfjrifhjrifh/ axmifaxmifarmif;armif; qufqefa&;aumif;w,f? +rdK@e,faumfrwDt qifhau'gyg? ol@XmerSmuif;wyfvnf; &Sdw,f? tcsKyfaxmifvnf; &Sdw,f? pum; ajymqkd&mrSm tvGef,Ofaus;odrfarG@w,f? a&$ref;ola&$ref;om;rsm; vkdygyJ?

A[kdpcef;udk oGm;r,fqkd&if ol@pcef;ukd jzwf&ygw,f? jzwfwJhtcg b,f avmuf}uD;wJh acgif;aqmifyJjzpfjzpf pnf;urf;t& axmufcHpmjy&r,f? wpHkw&m oHo,&Sd&if csufcsif;zrf;csKyfEkdifwJh tcGifhtm%mvnf; &SdowJh?

A[kdpcef;eJ@ reD;ra0;ae&mukd a&mufawmh v,fuGufxJrSm vlwa,muf [kdoGm;vkduf 'DoGm;vkduf vkyfaewmawG@&w,f? 'geJ@OD;tHk;+rdKifu tJ'Dvlukd *±kpkduf =unf@aerdw,f? tJ'Dvlu touf 40 0ef;usifavmuf? axmif axmif armif;armif;eJ@ carmuf}uD;udk aqmif;vkd@?0wfxm;wJh zsif&Syfvufwdkuvnf; ycHk;u+yJaew,f?

“OD;}uD;bmvkyfaewmvJ? b,f&GmuvJ”“[kd&Gmuyg” tJ'Dvl}uD;u +yHK;+yD; A[kdpcef;ab;u bk&m;awmif/ ykdwuf &Gmukd vuf!_d;xkd;jy vkdufw,f?OD;tHk;+rdKifu 'Dvl}uD;&J@tajzukd r}udKufygbl;? bmvkyfaewmukd rajzbJ “[kd&Gm uyg”wJh? pdwfxJrSmvnf; wrsdK;jzpfvmw,f?

'ga=umifh toHcyfrmrmeJ@ “'DrSm OD;}uD;vgyg? u|efawmfeJ@ vkdufcJhyg”vkd@ ac:vkdufawmh [kdvl}uD;u OD;tHk;+rdKifukd wcsuf=unfhvkduf+yD; ac:wJhqDukdat;at;aq;aq;yJ vkdufvmygw,f?

OD;tHk;+rdKifu A[kduif;wyfem;a&mufvmawmh pnf;urf;t& A[kdukdvm olwkdif; ygvmwJhvufeufukd uif;wyfrSm tyfcJh&ygw,f?vufeufvnf; tyf+yD; [kdvl}uD;[m 'D&Gmu [kwfr[kwf uif;wyfu &JabmfawG od&r,f? uJ æ bmwkef; qkdwmvnf; &Sif;oGm; atmifayghvkd@pOf;pm;+yD; uif;wyfxJukd ac:cJhw,fwJh?

OD;tHk;+rdKifwkd@ txJukdvnf; a&mufa&m æ &JabmfawGu ‘0kef;’ueJx+yD; tav;jyKvkdufowJh? +yD;awmh-“OuUÏ}uD; b,fuvmwmvJ” “OuUÏ}uD; b,fvkdjzpfwmvJ”vkd@ &Jabmf awGu ar;=uawmhw,f?OD;tHk;+rdKif[m &ifxJ'dwfueJ jzpfoGm;+yD; “[kduf-igawmh vlrSm;+yD? igawmh 'kuQygyJ”vkd@pkd;&dfrfw}uD; jzpfoGm;+yD; OD;tHk;+rdKifuyJ

tjzpftysuftvHk;pHkukd t&if ajymjyum OuUÏ}uD;ukd awmif;yefygawmhw,f? i,f&G,fwJh &JabmfwcsdK@uvnf; OD;tHk;+rdKifukd pdwfqkd; =uw,f?a0zef=uw,f?

'ga=umifhOuUÏ}uD;u “&Jabmfwkd@ pdwfrqkd;=uygeJ@? 'D&Jabmf}uD;u u|efawmhf ukdrS rodbJeJ@? tJawmh oHo,jzpfp&maumif;wJhvlawG@&if tod&SdpGm tckvkdwm0ef ,lw,fqkdwm tvGefaumif;wJh vkyf[efwckyg? 'D&Jabmf}uD;ukd pdwfqkd;&rSm r[kwfygbl;?csD;usL;&rSmyg”

&JabmfOD;tHk;+rdKifukdvnf; +yHK;=unfh+yD; “&Jabmfu|efawmfhukd awmif;yefp&m rvkdygbl;? &Jabmf&J@vkyf&yfukd u|efawmf av;pm;ygw,f?csD;usL;ygw,f”vkd@ ajymvdkuf ygw,fwJh? 'Djzpf&yfukd =um;&awmh “a=omf æ igwkd@acgif;aqmif}uD;awG&J@ rdrdvufatmufu &JabmfawG&J@ vkyfief;wm0eftay:av;pm;r_pdwf"mwf[m tifrwef twk,lp&m/ av;pm;p&m aumif;ygvm;? igwkd@tm;vHk;[m 'Dvdkjynfh0atmif trsm;}uD; }udK;pm; &OD;r,f”vkd@cH,lrdygw,f?

tvsOf;oifhvkd@ ygwDwGif; qufqHa&;udkvnf; ajymjycsifygw,f? u|efr wkd@ygwD xJrSm&SdwJh acgif;aqmif}uD;awG tm;vHk;[m&JabmfawGeJ@ pum;ajym&if cifAsm;eJ@ u|efawmf yJ ajym=uygw,f? tvGefrwef ,Ofaus;odrfarG@+yD; twk,lp&m aumif;yg w,f? u|efrawmfvSefa&;xJ a&mufvm+yD; xdyfydkif;acgif;aqmif}uD; (P. B)tm;vHk; avmufeD;yg;ukd awG@zl;jrifzl; pum;ajymcGifh}uHKcJhzl;ygw,f? tm;vHk;[mtvGef tifrwef ,Ofaus;odrfarG@w,f? tJ'Dtcsdefu u|efr[m olwkd@&J@ om;orD;t&G,favmufom &Sdwmyg? u|efrwkd@wm0efawGudkar;+yD;(a'ovkyfief;qkdif&m/ ,Ofaus;r_ vkyf ief;qkdif&m pwmawGukd) avhvmygw,f? bmawG tcuftcJ &Sdw,fqkdwmawGukd pHkaeatmifar;ygw,f? ajymwJhpum;wkdif;[m av;eufygw,f? u|efrwkd@[m yxr ta=umif; rodcifu acgif;aqmif}uD;awGeJ@awG@&rSmtvGefa=umufygw,f? tJvkd awG@zl;+yD; aemufusawmh a=umufpdwfvHk;0r&SdawmhyJ/ 'DvkdawG@&wm rdrdtwGuf tm;opfawG jznfhpGrf;ay;ovkdcHpm;&ygw,f?

83

&efolawGukd wGef;vSefzkd@&m nDnDnmnm tm;ukefqifE$Jyg&efolawGukd wGef;vSefzkd@&m nDnDnmnm tm;ukefqifE$Jyg&efolawGukd wGef;vSefzkd@&m nDnDnmnm tm;ukefqifE$Jyg&efolawGukd wGef;vSefzkd@&m nDnDnmnm tm;ukefqifE$Jyg&efolawGukd wGef;vSefzkd@&m nDnDnmnm tm;ukefqifE$Jygu|e frwk d @ A[k da&mufoGm; +y D ;aemuf A[k du pnf;± H k ;a&;t& awmif;,lvk dufwJ h & Jabmf tm;vH k ;vnf; p H k +y Dr k d @

“A[kdjynfol@obif”0g'jzef@csda&;tzGJ@}uD;ukd atmifjrifpGm zGJ@pnf; vkdufygw,f? 'Dtcsdefu 0g'jzef@csda&;vkyfief;/ tEkynmvkyfief;qkdif&m wm0efwckvHk;ukd ocifoef;+rdKif(P. B)u wm0ef,lygw,f?

'Dwkef;u ygwDOuUÏ}uD;(&Jabmfocifoef;xGef;)eJ@twl txufArmjynf uGefz&ifhukd vkdufoGm;&+yD; jyefa&mufvmwm vtcsdK@yJ&Sdao;wJh &Jabmf(OD;)a&$rSnfhudk “jynfol@obif” tzGJ@}uD;rSm eHygwf 1 wm0efcHtjzpf xm;+yD; EkdifiHa&;rª;wm0efukdvnf; xrf;aqmifapygw,f?

OD;a&$rSnfhšZeD;a':EG,fEG,f-olwkd@ESpfOD;vHk;[m jrpf0u|ef;ay:u jzpfw,f? ESpfa,mufpvHk; tEkynmbufrSm 0goemwljcif;jzpf=u+yD;&Jabmfrsm;eJ@vnf; qufqH a&;aumif;rGef=uolawG jzpfygw,f? qdk/ a&;/ wD;ynmukd wwfu|rf;+yD; tqdkynmrSm toHaumif;oavmufoDcsif;}uD;oDcsif;cHrsm;ukd pepfwus oDqkdEkdifol jzpfw,f? twD;ynmeJ@ ywfouf&ifvnf; Armqkdif;0kdif;}uD;ukd u|rf;usifpGm wD;cwfEkdifwJhtjyif*Dwbufqkdif&mwGifvnf; tm;vHk;ukd u|rf;usifpGm wD;r_wfEkdif±H kru *DwoauFwrsm;/ EkdifiHwumqkdif&m *DwoauFwrsm;ukdygwwfu|rf;wJhtwGuf *DwpmqkdwOD;taeeJ@ vnf; ygwDxJrSm tajctae(vrf;pOf/ ay:vpD)wck ajymif;&if ajymif; ovkd vkdtyfwJh oDcsif;rsm;/jyZmwfrsm;eJ@ t+idrfhrsm;twGuf oDcsif; tajrmuftjrm; udkvnf; a&;pyf oDuHk;cJhw,f?

txl;ojzifh atmifjrifausmf=um;cJ hwmu “avSmifhcs dKif hxJu iSufi,fr” oDcsif;&,f/ 'DoDcsif;[m 1949 ckESpfrsm;rSmA[kdjynfol@toH(tJ'Dwkef;u vGwfajrmuf a&; tajccHa'o twGif;&Sd toHv$ifhXme)u toHv$ifhxkwfcJhwJh emrnf}uD; oDcsif;wyk'f jzpfygw,f?aemufwcku“arG;rdcif”qkdrl[efobifrSm tputqHk;txd oDcsif;rsm; tm;vHk;(wem&Dwdwd oDqkdwD;r_wf+yD; Zmwfvrf;ukd azmfjyoGm;wJhjyZmwf)ukd a&;pyf oDuHk;cJhhjcif;jzpfygw,f? 'DarG;rdcifjyZmwf (qkdrl[efobif)[m vlxktm;ay;r_ tcH &qHk;/ atmifjrifr_t}uD;qHk;jzpfygw,f?awma&m+rdK@yg jynfolw&yfvHk;u ESpfoufvufcH tm;ay;=uygw,f?

ta&S@ajrmuf e,fpyftajccHa'o ay:aygufvmawmhvnf; 'D“arG;rdcif”qkd rl[efjyZmwfukd qufvufujycJh ygao;w,f?

vif;a&mifjcnf =u,feDatmuf0,fævif;a&mifjcnf =u,feDatmuf0,fævif;a&mifjcnf =u,feDatmuf0,fævif;a&mifjcnf =u,feDatmuf0,fævif;a&mifjcnf =u,feDatmuf0,fæcspfwJholeJ@ wl,SOfum&,fcspfwJholeJ@ wl,SOfum&,fcspfwJholeJ@ wl,SOfum&,fcspfwJholeJ@ wl,SOfum&,fcspfwJholeJ@ wl,SOfum&,fA[kdpcef;a&mufcgp æwae@rSm rrEG,f(a':EG,fEG,f)u ajymvmygw,f?“=unfa& æ 'Dae@ae@vnf tm;wJhtcsdef wifrav;u ol@tdrfukd tvnf vm ygwJh? ac:aew,f”“[if æ rrEG,f? wifrav;qkdwm b,folvJ? =unfvnf;rodygvm;”“at;uGJ@? rodao;vkd@ od&atmif rdwfzGJ@&atmif tvnfac:wmaygh? a': wifrav;qkdwm ocifwifxGef;(P.B)&J@ ZeD;av?

'Dpcef;rSm&SdwJh acgif;aqmifawG&J@ ZeD;awGxJrSm toufti,fqHk;aygh? olu awmckdvmwm r=umao;bl;uGJ@? tJ'g vmjzpfatmif vmvnfyg?apmifhaer,fwJh”

“a=omf æ a=omf æ 'DDvkdvm; æ 'Dvkdqkd ae@vnftm;wJhtcsdef oGm;vnfwm ayghaemf? rrEG,feJ@ twloGm;r,faemf”“at;yguG,f æ ukd,fvkdufykd@ay;yghr,f”'DvkdeJ@ ae@vnfa&mufawmh usreJ@ rrEG,f ESpfa,mufom; uav; (rr EG,f&J@ orD;OD;av;-ciftkef;jrifh)tdyfcsdef a':wifrav;tdrfukd

tvnfoGm;=uygw,f?tdrfa&mufawmh toifhapmifhaewJh a':wifrav;udk awG@&ygw,f? ocif wifxGef;u tpnf;ta0;oGm;aew,f? olwa,mufxJ&,f

æ wJh? rrEG,fuawmh orD;av;tdyfcsdef t0wfawG av#mf&rSm&Sdvkd@qkd+yD; a':wifrav;ukd awmif;yef+yD; jyefoGm;ygw,f?a':wifrav;[m tom;u0if;+yD; =unfaeygw,f? rsufvHk;rsufcHk;aumif; aumif;/ ESmwHay:ay:eJ@ t&yfu redrfhrjrifh

ukd,f[eftaetxm;vSwJh a&$bkdol w a,mufjzpfygw,f?acwfqefw,f/ oGufvufcsufcsm+yD; [efrvkyf/ yGifhvif;w,f? pum;ajym&if ol@udk,fol‘r’uav/ ‘r’uavvkd@ ajymwwfw,f?

azmfa&GysLiSm+yD; qufqHa&; tvGef aumif;oljzpfygw,f?wavmu “atmufwkdbmawmfvSefa&;ae@ txdrf;trSwf”pcef;wGif; yGJu, awmh olwkd@vnf;vm=unfhw,f? tJ'Dnwkef;u ujywJh

‘cspfyef;ESpfckdif’ jyZmwfukd =unfh+yD; olodyf}udKufwJhta=umif;/ Zmwfvrf;xJrSm ‘jrifh’tjzpfo±kyfaqmifwJh u|efr ukdvnf; jrifjrifcsif;cspfcifrdw,f? 'ga=umifh 'Dae@ tvnfac:+yD; rdwfaqGzGJ@wm/ ukd,fh &Jabmftcsif;csif;yJ &if;&if;ESD;ESD;nDtpfrvkd oabmxm;apvkda=umif;ajymjyygw,f?

(tJ'Dcspfykdif;ESpfckdif Zmwfvrf;u rdef;uav;wa,mufxJukd ppfAkdvfoli,f csif; ESpfa,mufu arwWm&Sd+yD; cspfarwWmukd &&Sda&;/0kdif;}udK;pm;aecsdef/ wa,mufu jynfolbufu &yfwnf+yD;awmckdoGm;w,f? tJ'DppfAkdfvfu awmxJuae+yD; 'kuQaygif;pHk cHpm;ae&wJhjynfolawG&J@b0ukd rD;armif;xkd;jy+yD; jyZmwfxJrSmvnf; tJ'Dtcef;ukd &SJ'kd;qif; (shadow scene)eJ@jy&if; tzdESdyfcH jynfolawG&J@b0vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf cspfolESpfOD;twl,SOf+yD; wm0efawG xrf;aqmif&atmif ol@&J@cspfarwWmukd vufcH+yD; awmxJukd vkdufvmzkd@pma&;ac:awmh rdef;uav; vufcH+yD; awmckdoGm;wm?) ol@&J@ b0eJ@ awmfawmfwlwmrdk@ oabmus ESpfouf a=umif;? rwlwJhtcsufuZmwfvrf; xJrSmu ESpfa,muf+ydKif 0kdif;}udK;pm;=uwm? ol@rSmawmh “reJ@armifeJ@u cspfoljzpf aewmu =umvS+yD/ *syefacwfuwnf;ucspfoljzpfaewm”vkd@ oluajymjyw,f?

+yD;awmh “avSmifcsdKifhxJu iSufi,froDcsif;ukdvnf; odyf}udKufw,f? olvnf; qkd=unfhcsifw,f? u|efr &,&ifol@ukd oifay;yg”

84

vkd@awmif;qkdw,f? tJ'D tcsdefu u|efru 'DoDcsif;ukd ykdifykdifEkdifEkdif rqkdwwfao;bl;? “u|efr OD;av;qDrSm 'DoDcsif; aumif;aumif; oifOD;r,f?&&if xyfwcgvm+yD;oifay;yghr,f”vkd@ uwday;cJh ygw,f?

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»ar;yg&apwu,fæawG;æqzkd@ ar&,fæ a&a&vnfvnf / rod&if armifhpum;æpOf;pm;ygvm;æuG,f)2» » »»ar;yg&apwu,fæawG;æqzkd@ ar&,fæ a&a&vnfvnf / rod&if armifhpum;æpOf;pm;ygvm;æuG,f)2» » »»ar;yg&apwu,fæawG;æqzkd@ ar&,fæ a&a&vnfvnf / rod&if armifhpum;æpOf;pm;ygvm;æuG,f)2» » »»ar;yg&apwu,fæawG;æqzkd@ ar&,fæ a&a&vnfvnf / rod&if armifhpum;æpOf;pm;ygvm;æuG,f)2» » »»ar;yg&apwu,fæawG;æqzkd@ ar&,fæ a&a&vnfvnf / rod&if armifhpum;æpOf;pm;ygvm;æuG,f)2» » »» »(t&if;&Sif»ajr&Siftaygif;wkd@æaomif;usef;wJhæae&m0,fæjynfoltrsm; cHpm;& w,fæ'kuQtaygif;eJ@æ0ef;&Hum» »(t&if;&Sif»ajr&Siftaygif;wkd@æaomif;usef;wJhæae&m0,fæjynfoltrsm; cHpm;& w,fæ'kuQtaygif;eJ@æ0ef;&Hum» »(t&if;&Sif»ajr&Siftaygif;wkd@æaomif;usef;wJhæae&m0,fæjynfoltrsm; cHpm;& w,fæ'kuQtaygif;eJ@æ0ef;&Hum» »(t&if;&Sif»ajr&Siftaygif;wkd@æaomif;usef;wJhæae&m0,fæjynfoltrsm; cHpm;& w,fæ'kuQtaygif;eJ@æ0ef;&Hum» »(t&if;&Sif»ajr&Siftaygif;wkd@æaomif;usef;wJhæae&m0,fæjynfoltrsm; cHpm;& w,fæ'kuQtaygif;eJ@æ0ef;&Hum

cs,fætxl;ojzifh omvkd@qkd;w,fætrsdL;orD;rsm;tay: csKyfcs,fyH k&,f aiG0,fu|efozG,fætajr‡mifpepfa=umifh a&wdrfepf&Smcs,fætxl;ojzifh omvkd@qkd;w,fætrsdL;orD;rsm;tay: csKyfcs,fyH k&,f aiG0,fu|efozG,fætajr‡mifpepfa=umifh a&wdrfepf&Smcs,fætxl;ojzifh omvkd@qkd;w,fætrsdL;orD;rsm;tay: csKyfcs,fyH k&,f aiG0,fu|efozG,fætajr‡mifpepfa=umifh a&wdrfepf&Smcs,fætxl;ojzifh omvkd@qkd;w,fætrsdL;orD;rsm;tay: csKyfcs,fyH k&,f aiG0,fu|efozG,fætajr‡mifpepfa=umifh a&wdrfepf&Smcs,fætxl;ojzifh omvkd@qkd;w,fætrsdL;orD;rsm;tay: csKyfcs,fyH k&,f aiG0,fu|efozG,fætajr‡mifpepfa=umifh a&wdrfepf&Smw,f)2trSefyif tvkyform; vlvwfwef; pm;rsm;tay:0,f» » »aESmif}udK;txyfxyf eJ@æ&pfywfumjc,fvS,fætvif; a&mifydwfzHk;vdk@w,f)2trSefyif tvkyform; vlvwfwef; pm;rsm;tay:0,f» » »aESmif}udK;txyfxyf eJ@æ&pfywfumjc,fvS,fætvif; a&mifydwfzHk;vdk@w,f)2trSefyif tvkyform; vlvwfwef; pm;rsm;tay:0,f» » »aESmif}udK;txyfxyf eJ@æ&pfywfumjc,fvS,fætvif; a&mifydwfzHk;vdk@w,f)2trSefyif tvkyform; vlvwfwef; pm;rsm;tay:0,f» » »aESmif}udK;txyfxyf eJ@æ&pfywfumjc,fvS,fætvif; a&mifydwfzHk;vdk@w,f)2trSefyif tvkyform; vlvwfwef; pm;rsm;tay:0,f» » »aESmif}udK;txyfxyf eJ@æ&pfywfumjc,fvS,fætvif; a&mifydwfzHk;vdk@» » »qdwfokOf;cJh+yDuG,f?» » »qdwfokOf;cJh+yDuG,f?» » »qdwfokOf;cJh+yDuG,f?» » »qdwfokOf;cJh+yDuG,f?» » »qdwfokOf;cJh+yDuG,f?

» » »(rvGwfvyfwJh r,fwkd@qD0,f»armifraysmfw,f/ 'kuQbHki&J rqGJoif hygw,f»cspfoltwGufrk d @ » armifuawmh»(rvGwfvyfwJh r,fwkd@qD0,f»armifraysmfw,f/ 'kuQbHki&J rqGJoif hygw,f»cspfoltwGufrk d @ » armifuawmh»(rvGwfvyfwJh r,fwkd@qD0,f»armifraysmfw,f/ 'kuQbHki&J rqGJoif hygw,f»cspfoltwGufrk d @ » armifuawmh»(rvGwfvyfwJh r,fwkd@qD0,f»armifraysmfw,f/ 'kuQbHki&J rqGJoif hygw,f»cspfoltwGufrk d @ » armifuawmh»(rvGwfvyfwJh r,fwkd@qD0,f»armifraysmfw,f/ 'kuQbHki&J rqGJoif hygw,f»cspfoltwGufrk d @ » armifuawmhylyefw,f»avSmifcs dKif hxJuæiSufi,fr ysdK&,fævGwfvyfwJharmifwkd@ qD0,fætvGefom,mw,fævl@b0 tcGif hta&;eJ@ at;ylyefw,f»avSmifcs dKif hxJuæiSufi,fr ysdK&,fævGwfvyfwJharmifwkd@ qD0,fætvGefom,mw,fævl@b0 tcGif hta&;eJ@ at;ylyefw,f»avSmifcs dKif hxJuæiSufi,fr ysdK&,fævGwfvyfwJharmifwkd@ qD0,fætvGefom,mw,fævl@b0 tcGif hta&;eJ@ at;ylyefw,f»avSmifcs dKif hxJuæiSufi,fr ysdK&,fævGwfvyfwJharmifwkd@ qD0,fætvGefom,mw,fævl@b0 tcGif hta&;eJ@ at;ylyefw,f»avSmifcs dKif hxJuæiSufi,fr ysdK&,fævGwfvyfwJharmifwkd@ qD0,fætvGefom,mw,fævl@b0 tcGif hta&;eJ@ at;csrf;jynfhpH kw,fæcspfoloufv,f jrifprf;apcsifygw,f»tarSmifeJ@tvif;ukd &Sif;um odEk difzG,f»&efolawGukd wGef;vSefzk d @&,fæcsrf;jynfhpH kw,fæcspfoloufv,f jrifprf;apcsifygw,f»tarSmifeJ@tvif;ukd &Sif;um odEk difzG,f»&efolawGukd wGef;vSefzk d @&,fæcsrf;jynfhpH kw,fæcspfoloufv,f jrifprf;apcsifygw,f»tarSmifeJ@tvif;ukd &Sif;um odEk difzG,f»&efolawGukd wGef;vSefzk d @&,fæcsrf;jynfhpH kw,fæcspfoloufv,f jrifprf;apcsifygw,f»tarSmifeJ@tvif;ukd &Sif;um odEk difzG,f»&efolawGukd wGef;vSefzk d @&,fæcsrf;jynfhpH kw,fæcspfoloufv,f jrifprf;apcsifygw,f»tarSmifeJ@tvif;ukd &Sif;um odEk difzG,f»&efolawGukd wGef;vSefzk d @&,fæwm0efawG[m armifhrSm usefao;w,fæ cspfolarysdKævGrf;æ&ifævSrf;um armifhxHvmæcJhæuG,f?wm0efawG[m armifhrSm usefao;w,fæ cspfolarysdKævGrf;æ&ifævSrf;um armifhxHvmæcJhæuG,f?wm0efawG[m armifhrSm usefao;w,fæ cspfolarysdKævGrf;æ&ifævSrf;um armifhxHvmæcJhæuG,f?wm0efawG[m armifhrSm usefao;w,fæ cspfolarysdKævGrf;æ&ifævSrf;um armifhxHvmæcJhæuG,f?wm0efawG[m armifhrSm usefao;w,fæ cspfolarysdKævGrf;æ&ifævSrf;um armifhxHvmæcJhæuG,f?

(jynfol@tcGif hta&; vGwfvyfa&;eJ@ +idrf;csrf;apzG,f/ e,fcsJ@ppfbDvl;»acG±l;rk dufukd wkdufxkwfu&,fæ'Drk dua&pDawmf(jynfol@tcGif hta&; vGwfvyfa&;eJ@ +idrf;csrf;apzG,f/ e,fcsJ@ppfbDvl;»acG±l;rk dufukd wkdufxkwfu&,fæ'Drk dua&pDawmf(jynfol@tcGif hta&; vGwfvyfa&;eJ@ +idrf;csrf;apzG,f/ e,fcsJ@ppfbDvl;»acG±l;rk dufukd wkdufxkwfu&,fæ'Drk dua&pDawmf(jynfol@tcGif hta&; vGwfvyfa&;eJ@ +idrf;csrf;apzG,f/ e,fcsJ@ppfbDvl;»acG±l;rk dufukd wkdufxkwfu&,fæ'Drk dua&pDawmf(jynfol@tcGif hta&; vGwfvyfa&;eJ@ +idrf;csrf;apzG,f/ e,fcsJ@ppfbDvl;»acG±l;rk dufukd wkdufxkwfu&,fæ'Drk dua&pDawmfvSefa&;twGuf (aoG;eJ@&if;vkd@§toufeJvJvkd@) armifxlaxmif&r,f)2 vif;a&mifjcnfæ=u,feDatmuf0,fæcspfwJholeJ@ wl,SOfum&,fævSefa&;twGuf (aoG;eJ@&if;vkd@§toufeJvJvkd@) armifxlaxmif&r,f)2 vif;a&mifjcnfæ=u,feDatmuf0,fæcspfwJholeJ@ wl,SOfum&,fævSefa&;twGuf (aoG;eJ@&if;vkd@§toufeJvJvkd@) armifxlaxmif&r,f)2 vif;a&mifjcnfæ=u,feDatmuf0,fæcspfwJholeJ@ wl,SOfum&,fævSefa&;twGuf (aoG;eJ@&if;vkd@§toufeJvJvkd@) armifxlaxmif&r,f)2 vif;a&mifjcnfæ=u,feDatmuf0,fæcspfwJholeJ@ wl,SOfum&,fævSefa&;twGuf (aoG;eJ@&if;vkd@§toufeJvJvkd@) armifxlaxmif&r,f)2 vif;a&mifjcnfæ=u,feDatmuf0,fæcspfwJholeJ@ wl,SOfum&,fæwm0efawGæukd » xrf;aqmifygvm;æ cspfwJholav;&,fæavSmifcsdKifhxJu » » »xGufumvmcJhæuG,fæ?wm0efawGæukd » xrf;aqmifygvm;æ cspfwJholav;&,fæavSmifcsdKifhxJu » » »xGufumvmcJhæuG,fæ?wm0efawGæukd » xrf;aqmifygvm;æ cspfwJholav;&,fæavSmifcsdKifhxJu » » »xGufumvmcJhæuG,fæ?wm0efawGæukd » xrf;aqmifygvm;æ cspfwJholav;&,fæavSmifcsdKifhxJu » » »xGufumvmcJhæuG,fæ?wm0efawGæukd » xrf;aqmifygvm;æ cspfwJholav;&,fæavSmifcsdKifhxJu » » »xGufumvmcJhæuG,fæ?

(jyefaumuf)æ rvGwfvyfwJh r,fwkd@qD0,fæ æ æ æ armifhxHvmæcJhæuG,f?rvGwfvyfwJh r,fwkd@qD0,fæ æ æ æ armifhxHvmæcJhæuG,f?rvGwfvyfwJh r,fwkd@qD0,fæ æ æ æ armifhxHvmæcJhæuG,f?rvGwfvyfwJh r,fwkd@qD0,fæ æ æ æ armifhxHvmæcJhæuG,f?rvGwfvyfwJh r,fwkd@qD0,fæ æ æ æ armifhxHvmæcJhæuG,f?oDcsif;uawmh &yg+yD? 'ga=umifh a':wifrav;qD tvnfoGm;+yD; oDcsif;wuf ay;ygw,f? r-uvnf;pdwf0ifpm;wmrkd@

r=umcif&oGm;ygw,f? oDcsif;ukd twlqkd+yD;em; vkdufawmh oluajymygw,f? 'DoDcsif;[m ol@b0 tvSnfhtajymif;udk wGef;aqmfay;cJhwmjzpfvkd@olykd+yD; ESpfoufwJhta=umif;ajymjyygw,f? ukd,fhcspfol udkvnf; rcGJEkdifbl;? 'ga=umifh “wlESpfukd,f wJtkdysufrSm ae&ae&-a&GbHkay:rSm pH&pH&/cspfwmy"me”vkd@ cH,l+yD; rdbawGrodatmif ckd;xGufajy;vmwm jzpfwJhta=umif; &,fp&mav;awGaESm+yD; ajymygw,f? tJ'Dvkdpum;aumif;aewkef; +Akef;ueJ ocif wifxGef; jyefa&mufvmvkd@ u|efrvnf; tm;emwmeJ@ jyefawmhr,fvkd@ E_wfqufwJhtcg xrif;pm;+yD;rSjyefzkd@ olwkd@ESpfOD;vHk;u twif;wm;ygw,f? aemufqHk;jiif;r&wmeJ@ xrif;twl pm;&ygw,f?

“=unfa& æ [if;uawmh raumif;bl;aemf? tm;emygw,fuG,f”“tkd æ tm;em;p&m r&Sdygbl; r-&,f? tm;vHk;twlwl bHk&duQm±Hku pm;=u wmyJ”[kwfygw,f? u|efrwkd@tm;vHk;[m bHk&duQm±Hkwckwnf;u ,lpm;wmrkd@ b,ftdrfy Jjzpfjzpf [if;uawmh twlwlygyJ? tdrfu

oD;oef@csufwJh[if;&,fvkd@ r&Sdyg? tvGefqHk;&Sd&if i±kwfoD;axmif;/ yJykyfaxmif;/ csOfaygifoD;axmif;? wcgw&H toD;t&Guf bmrSr&Sd&if &duQm±Hku&wJh ausmufz±HkoD;[if;xJu ausmufz±HkoD;tzwfukd q,f+yD; i±kwfoD;eJ@axmif;pm;&wm tvGefaumif;ygw,f? tJ'Dae@u &duQm±HkrS [if;uausmuf z±HkoD;yg? ('g[m [if;aumif;xJ ygygw,f?) &duQm±Hk[if;&J@ t+rJwrf;Zmwfvkdufu awmh‘r#pf’yg? ausmufz±HkoD;[if;eJ@ vkdufzufnDatmifr-u yJykyfaxmif;xm; ygw,f? pm;vkd@ awmfawmf aumif;ygw,f?

ocifwifxGef;[m vlat;wa,mufjzpfayr,fh vlr_qufqHa&; awmfawmf aumif;ygw,f? xrif;pm;&if; pum; aumif;aeygw,f?usr&J@ Zmwdukd ar;vkd@ ajym jyawmh “a=omf æ vufpowfawmh usaemfwkd@ w+rdK@wnf;om;csif;yJ”vkd@ 0rf;om tm;&ajym+yD; “usaemfhukdjrifzl;ovm;”vkd@ ar;ygw,f? u|efru ocifw&m;yGJwkdif;rSm w&m;a[mwm c%c%jrifzl;a=umif; ajymjyawmh“a=omf æ a=omf æ[kwfwmaygh”wJh?

usrtJ'Du jyefvm+yD; 'Dae@txd rar@EkdifyJjzpfcJh&wJh trSwfxifxif jrifuGif; av;uawmh tJ'Du xrif;pm;&if; jzpfcJh&wJhjzpf&yfav;ygyJ? jzpfyHku 'Dvkdyg? xrif;pm;wJhtcg a':wifrav; axmif;xm;wJh yJykyfaxmif;ukd pm;&if; ocifwifxGef;ui±kwfoD;tpyfrpm;EkdifyJ rsufESmwckvHk;eDae+yD; w±ª;±ª;w&SJ&SJeJ@ jzpfaewmukd jrif&wJh a':wifrav;u rsufpdysufrsufESmysufjzpfum a&cyfay;/o =um; oGm;&Smay;/ +yD;awmh yg;pyfuvnf; jzpf&av æ armif&,fæ r,av æ i±kwf oD;ukd enf;enf;yJ xnfhxm;wm? r æ pdwfraumif;ygbl;uG,f”

“udpPr&Sdygbl;r,&,f æ c%ae aumif;oGm;rSmyg? 'DvkdyJ wjznf;jznf; avhusifh,l &rSmayghuG,f æ vm æ vm æ xrif; pm;ygawmhæ &yg+yD”

ZeD;armifESHESpfa,muf tjyeftvSef =uifESm,k,pGm ESpfodrfhtm;ay;&if; +yD;oGm;cJhwJh xrif;0dkif;av;uawmh trSwf xifxifyg?

acgif;aqmif}uD;u nDvmcHrSm tJ'Dpum;ukd rdef@=um;onfacgif;aqmif}uD;u nDvmcHrSm tJ'Dpum;ukd rdef@=um;onfacgif;aqmif}uD;u nDvmcHrSm tJ'Dpum;ukd rdef@=um;onfacgif;aqmif}uD;u nDvmcHrSm tJ'Dpum;ukd rdef@=um;onfacgif;aqmif}uD;u nDvmcHrSm tJ'Dpum;ukd rdef@=um;onftajctaea[mif;ukd ckajymif;rnf(2)ESpftwGif;rSm Edkifzkd@&nftajctaea[mif;ukd ckajymif;rnf(2)ESpftwGif;rSm Edkifzkd@&nftajctaea[mif;ukd ckajymif;rnf(2)ESpftwGif;rSm Edkifzkd@&nftajctaea[mif;ukd ckajymif;rnf(2)ESpftwGif;rSm Edkifzkd@&nftajctaea[mif;ukd ckajymif;rnf(2)ESpftwGif;rSm Edkifzkd@&nf2 ESpftwGif; ppfEkdifa&;qkdwJh vrf;pOft& &JabmfawG v_yf&Sm;r_[m wufºu nDnm+yD; tm;rmeftjynfh&SdvSw,f?u|efrwkd @ jynfol@obif tzG J @ }uD;ukdvnf; tqkdtu(tajccH)oifwef; 6v zGif hvSpf oif=um; avhusif hay;ygw,f?

oifwef;q&muawmh rlvu tv,fykdif;wkdif; 0g'jzef@csda&;tzGJ@ acgif;aqmif &Jabmf(OD;)ºu,fjzpfygw,f?OD;ºu,f[m tqkdtueJ@ ywfoufvkd@ ynmpHkwwfu|rf;olwOD; jzpfygw,f? ±kyf&nfvnf; acsmarmvSy+yD;/ ol@&JZeD; a':ESif;[mvnf;

85

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'Dae@awmh u|efr[m eHeufydkif; EkdifiHa&;oifwef;+yD;oGm;wnf;u oDcsif;opf awGukdyJ wufaeygw,f?

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tJ'Dtcsdefu ygwDA[kdu vrf;pOf(okd@)tajctae wckajymif;&if/ xl;jcm;&if xl;jcm;ovkd A[kd0g'jzef@csda&;u csufcsif; oDcsif;a&;pyf+yD;c±kdif/ +rdK@e,f/ aus;&Gmrsm; txd 0g'jzef@+yD;/ wcsdK@oDcsif;ukd A[kdtoHv$ifhXmeokd@ykd@+yD; 0g'jzef@ygw,f? ‘avSmifcsdKifh xJu iSufi,fr’oDcsif;[m'Denf;eJ@ 0g'jzef@cJhwmjzpfygw,f? *Dwpmqkd OD;a&$rSnfhjzpf+yD; oDqkdolukdawmh rrSwfrdawmhyg? tJ'DumvawGwkef;u toHv$ifhtpDtpOfrsm;ukda=unmoltjzpf wm0ef,laeoluawmh &Jabmf(r)jrav;-ysOf;rem;(AkdvfrsdK;jrifh tjzL &J@ ZeD;)jzpfygw,f? aemufykdif;quf+yD; wm0ef,loluawmhr&if&if(jrif;jzL&SifrcifnGef@&J@ nDr/ toHv$ifhXme Akdvfvif;&J@ ZeD;)jzpfygw,f? ygwDu 'DoDcsif;toHv$ifh+yD; r=umrD &efol bufuvnf;wkH@jyef0g'+zef@ygw,f? ‘avSmifcsdKifhxJu cspfol&,f’ wJh? *Dwpmqkd rsm;eJ@ oDqkdolrsm;ukdawmh rrSwfrdawmhyg? aemufxyfvnf;“armifav;-armifav;-a&Smifrajy;ygeJ@”qkdwJhoDcsif;ukd tqkdawmf}uD; a':arvS+rdKifu oDqkd+yD; wkH@jyefum &ef olbufu 0g'jzef@cJhao;w,f?

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86

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'D&Jqk0wˆKukd bmomjyef+yD; jrefrmr_jyKum jyZmwf Zmwfn¸ef;a&;cJhol[m &Jabmf ocifoef;+rdKifjzpfw,fvkd@ rSwfrdaeygw,f?

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'DjyZmwfudk wkdufawmh u|efrwkd@tzGJ@&J@ eHygwf 2 acgif;aqmif/ jyZmwf Zmwf n¸ef; wm0efcH 'g±kdufwm OD;vG%f;armif (awmifil)ut"du oif=um;jyoay;ygw,f? OD;a&$rSnfh uawmh wGJbuf'g±kdufwm jzpfygw,f? olwkd@vl}uD;ykdif;uvnf; tjyef tvSef av;pm;=u+yD;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfpGm n‡dE_dif;vkyfaqmif=uwmjzpfvkd@ vkyfief;awG[m acsm arm tqifajy+yD; atmifjrifr_awG rsm;ygw,f? u|efrwkd@atmufajc&JabmfawGuvnf; yifyef;vkd@ yifyef;&rSef;rod aysmfaysmfyg;yg;eJ@ wufnDvufnD us&mwm0efukd vkyf=uyg w,f?

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“atmifAdrmef” “atmifAdrmef” “atmifAdrmef” “atmifAdrmef” “atmifAdrmef” qkdwJh jyZmwfwck wkduf=u&ao;w,f?Zmwfvrf;tusOf;csKyfu æ vGwfajrmufa'owae&mu &Gmw&Gmukd &efol u 0ifwkduf+yD; &Gmvlxkukdowf/ &GmrD;&_ d@/

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“rajy;=uygeJ@ tpfukd}uD;eJ@tpfr}uD;wkd@ 'Dem;rSm 0yfae=uyg? uav;ukd u|efawmfwkd@ oGm; u,fay;yghr,f? pdwfcsyg”vkd@jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;wyfrawmf wyfrª;eJ@ twl&Jabmfrsm;u 0kdif;0ef;ESpfodrfh tm;ay;=uygw,f?

'Dtcsdef Zmwf0ifcef;ukd &S J'k d;qif;(shadow scene)eJ@ jyxm;ygw,f? rD; awmuf}uD;awG av;bufav;wefu t&Sdefjyif;jyif;eJ@avmifaewJh=um;u uGufvyf av;wckxJrSm tcgvnfawmif rjynfh&Smao;wJh uav;i,fav;wa,muf[m a=umufvef@w}uD;wkefwkef&D&DeJ@ atmf[pfikd,kdae+yD; av;bufukef;av; [kdbufajy; vkduf 'Dbufajy;vkdufeJ@ ckdukd;&mrJhjzpfaewJh uav;i,fukd oem;pzG,fawG@jrifae& w,f?

tJ'Dwkef;rSmyJ a[m æ &Jabmfwa,muf æ wGm;+yD;wufvmyg+yD?tcsdefu wkdayr,fh &efolbuf-rdrdbuf? ESpfbufpvHk;ta&;}uD;vmyg+yD? ,kwfrmyufpufwJh &efol[m uav;i,feJ@ rvSrf;rurf;rSm

“owfuGif;”jyifxm;+yD; &Sdor# rD;tm;ukd pk+yHKatmaeyg+yD? rdrdwyfuvnf; æ“[,f æ wufvmwJh &Jabmfukd xdoGm;+yD? tkd æ &JabmfusoGm;ygayghvm;” æ 0kef;'k dif;}uJaewJh a=umufrufzG,f

aoewfoHawG=um;xJrSm æ uav;i,f[m aqmufwnf&mr& ykdvkd@yif atmf[pfikd,kd+yD; av;bufwGm;um [kdbufajy;vkduf 'Dbufajy;vkdufoem;p&m jzpfaeygayghvm;?

“a[m æ 'kwd,t}udrf &Jabmfwa,muf xyfwufvmjyefyg+yD? tdk æ 'Dwcg wufvmwJh &Jabmfvnf; usoGm;jyefygayghvm;”uHqkd;&SmwJh uav;&,f æ uav;i,fukdvmu,fwJh &Jabmf 2 a,muf awmif usqHk;oGm;cJhyg+yD? u,fvkd@rS &yghOD;awmh rvm; æ

a[m æ ZGJowWdeJ@ jynfhpHkwJh jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&; wyfrawmfom; æ aemufwa,muf æ wwd,ajrmuf wuf vkd@vmjyef yg+yD?“tvkd æ 'D&Jabmfvnf; aoG;oH&J&JeJ@ygvm;? vufarmif;rSm '%f&m& oGm;jyef+yDukd;”'gayr,fh &Jabmf[m vufrSmaoG; tvdrf;vdrf;eJ@ ausmay:rSm uav; ukdykd;+yD; &efol@owfuGif;rS vGwfajrmufoGm;yg+yD? atmif+yD

æ atmif+yDqkdwJh aºu; a=umfoH awGeJ@twl =obmoHawG =um;xJrSmyJ uav;i,f[m ,l}uHK;r& jzpfae &SmwJh rdcif &ifcGifvufxJukd jyefa&mufoGm;ygw,f? rdcif æ [m uav;ukd ykdufaxG; ,k,&if; 0rf;enf;0rf;omeJ@ ikdae&Smw,f?

uav;ukd atmifjrifpGm u,f,lEkdifcJhwJh &Jabmf[m æ aouHra&muf/ ouf raysmufbJ vufarmif;u '%f&mukd uko&m'%f&mjyif;xef+yD;(aoG;a=umukd xdcJh wma=umifh) vufwzufukd jzwfvkduf&ygw,f? vufwzufyJusefawmhwJh 'D&Jabmf [m wyfrawmftwGif;rSmyJ qufom;tjzpf wm0ef,l xrf;aqmifaecJhw,f?

wae@rSm tdrfukdcGifhjyefvmpOf tdrfrSmusefaewJh ESpfrav;[m tpfukd}uD; cGifhjyef vmwmukd awG@&awmh 0rf;omvkd@rqHk; cif vufwzufr&SdawmhwJh tpfudk}uD;ukd awG@&awmh 0rf;enf;yufvufjzpfum ikdau|;&if; ,l}uHK;r&jzpfaewmukd awG@&awmh ESpfodrfhacsmharmh&if;ckvkdjzpfoGm;&wJhjzpfpOfukd jyefvnfajymjy&Smygw,f?

ESpfrav;u wESpfawmif rjynfhao;wJh uav;i,f wa,muftwGuf &Jabmf 2 a,muf usqHk;cH+yD; aemufqHk; rdrd&J@ tpfudk}uD;yg'kuQdwb0ukd a&muf&wJh txd jzpfcJh&wmukd oabm raygufEkdifyg? 'ga=umifh tpfukd}uD;u ESpfrav;ukd rdrdwkd@ “jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;

88

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tckvnf; ‘arG;rdcif(qkdrl[efobif)’‘arG;rdcif(qkdrl[efobif)’‘arG;rdcif(qkdrl[efobif)’‘arG;rdcif(qkdrl[efobif)’‘arG;rdcif(qkdrl[efobif)’ukd wifqufEkdifzkd@ Zmwfvrf;wkduf =u &ygw,f? tcsdK@u atmfy&mvkd@ ac:=uw,f?wu,fawmh atmfy&m r[kwfyg? tu vnf; vHk;0ryg? pum;wcGef;rS rajym? tprStqHk;txd tm;vHk;ukd[eftrlt&m eJ@ oDcsif;qkd+yD;Zmwfvrf;ukd azmfwmjzpfvkd @ ‘qkdrl[efobif’@ ‘qkdrl[efobif’@ ‘qkdrl[efobif’@ ‘qkdrl[efobif’@ ‘qkdrl[efobif’vkd@ ac:wGifcJhwm jzpfw,f? 'DZmwfvrf;ukd wkdufwJhtcg Zmwfaumifvnf;rsm;w,f?oDcsif;awGuvnf; qkdkvkd@ aumif;w,f? ppfwkdufcef;vnf;ygawmh pdwf"mwfwufºup&mvnf; jzpfvkd@ pcef; twGif; tvkyfem;csdefrSm&JabmfawG[m ukd,fhrSm&SdwJh *Dwm/ r,f'vif/ bm*sm/ y avGpwJh wl&d,mrsm;udk ,lvm+yD; taysmfwrf;0ifa&muf wD;r_wf=u/ oDcsif; qkd=uygw,f?±Hk;wufcsdef/ uif;apmifhcsdef tvkyfcsdefusrS oGm;=uw,f? ±Hk;qif;/ uif; vJ+yD; jyefvmwJh &Jabmf rsm;uvnf; tdrfukdrjyef=ubJ xrif;yef;uefeJ@[if;csdKifhqGJ+yD; ZmwfwdkufwJh ae&mukdyJ tajy;tv$m; a&mufvmwwf=uwmrkd@ tvGefvnf; aysmfp&m aumif;yg w,f? we*FaEG vkd±Hk;ydwf&ufrSmawmh vltvGefpnfum;wmrkd@ ZmwfuwJhae&m =urf;cif;awGawmif usdK;uscJhzl;wmukd owd&aerdw,f? tJ'Dvkd usdK;usoGm;jyefawmhvnf; wa,mufwvuf 0g;ckwf/ ESD;jzm/ =urf;cif;oJhaygufeJ@ 0kdif;0ef;vkyf+yD; r=um cif +yD;oGm;ygw,f? =urf;cif;topf eJ@qkdawmh ykdpwdkdifus+yD;vlykdrsm;vm wwfygw,f?

arG;rdcifZmwfvrf; jzpfay:vm&wJh ta=umif;&if;u 'Dvkdyg? [kdwcsdef qkdAD,uf ,leD,HuGefjrLepfygwD(abmfvf&SDApf) C.P.S.U(B)xJrSm &Jabmf(uGefjrLepf) rsm;ukd acgif; aqmif}uD; pwmvif pwmvif pwmvif pwmvif pwmvif u 'Dvkdynmay;cJhzl;w,f? pwmvif u ola&;cJhwJh qkdAD,uf,leD,H uGefjrLepfygwD(abmfvf&SDApf)orkdif;&J@ ed*Hk;csKyfrSm acgr'¾m&DrSmyg wJh tefwD;&m;(pf)eJ@ [musLvD ta=umif;ukd a&;cJhw,f? olu 'D'¾m&Dukd ukd;um;+yD;;;;;“tefwD;&m;pfvkd rjzpf&avatmif uGefjrLepfawG[m rdcif ajr }uD;eJ@ wlwJh vlxkeJ@ b,fawmhrS ruif;uGm&bl;? vlxkeJ@ uif;uGm&if“tefwD;&m;pfvkd rjzpf&avatmif uGefjrLepfawG[m rdcif ajr }uD;eJ@ wlwJh vlxkeJ@ b,fawmhrS ruif;uGm&bl;? vlxkeJ@ uif;uGm&if“tefwD;&m;pfvkd rjzpf&avatmif uGefjrLepfawG[m rdcif ajr }uD;eJ@ wlwJh vlxkeJ@ b,fawmhrS ruif;uGm&bl;? vlxkeJ@ uif;uGm&if“tefwD;&m;pfvkd rjzpf&avatmif uGefjrLepfawG[m rdcif ajr }uD;eJ@ wlwJh vlxkeJ@ b,fawmhrS ruif;uGm&bl;? vlxkeJ@ uif;uGm&if“tefwD;&m;pfvkd rjzpf&avatmif uGefjrLepfawG[m rdcif ajr }uD;eJ@ wlwJh vlxkeJ@ b,fawmhrS ruif;uGm&bl;? vlxkeJ@ uif;uGm&iftef;wD;&mpfvkdyJ ±_H;vdrfhr,f”tef;wD;&mpfvkdyJ ±_H;vdrfhr,f”tef;wD;&mpfvkdyJ ±_H;vdrfhr,f”tef;wD;&mpfvkdyJ ±_H;vdrfhr,f”tef;wD;&mpfvkdyJ ±_H;vdrfhr,f”vkd@ owday;cJhw,f? ynm ay;cJhygw,f? 'gukdtajccH/ jrefrmr_jyK+yD; Zmwfn¸ef;wcka&;vkdufawmh æ arG;rdcifarG;rdcifarG;rdcifarG;rdcifarG;rdcif(qkdrl[ef obif)(qkdrl[ef obif)(qkdrl[ef obif)(qkdrl[ef obif)(qkdrl[ef obif) qkdwJh Zmwfn¸ef;wck ay: vmcJhw,f? Zmwfvrf;uawmh 'Dvkdygæ? ?

(“t±k%fOD;c&D;onf”-'kwd,ykdif;ukd qufvufzwf±_yg&ef)