ye olde essential questions what did the english use to limit the power of their government? what is...
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Ye Olde Essential Questions
What did the English use to limit the power of their government?What is a constitution? What is it supposed to do?How does the English constitution influence the US constitution?
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ENGLAND & THE MOVE TO DEMOCRACY
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WHAT IS LAW?
LAW IS THE WRITTEN SET OF RULES FOR A SOCIETY
THE “RULES” OF THE GAME THAT BOTH SIDES AGREE ON AND WHICH SHOULD BE CHANGED ONLY WITH MUTUAL CONSENT
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LAWS WERE CREATED TO PROTECT THE PEOPLE AGAINST A CORRUPT OR OPPRESSIVE MONARCHY OR GOVERNMENTLAWS GUARANTEE “CIVIL RIGHTS” -- THE RIGHTS OF EACH CITIZEN TO BE TREATED FAIRLY BY THE GOVERNMENTW/O LAWS, ANY FORM OF GOVERNMENT WILL BE OPPRESSIVE AND CORRUPT
WHY DO SOCIETIES NEED LAWS?
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INDIVIDUALS & EVENTS
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1215: MAGNA CARTA
KING JOHN FORCED TO ACCEPTPOOR MILITARY LEADER -- NEEDED MONEY FROM NOBLES“NO TAX W/O REPRESENTATION”ACCUSED MUST HAVE JURY TRIALALL MUST BE GRANTED PROTECTION OF LAW
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Magna Carta
In August 1215, John appealed to the Pope, who denounced the Charter, annulling it by a papal bull and excommunicated the Barons who tried to press for its clauses to be carried out. The original Magna Carta was thus in force for only two months. By September, civil war had broken out again because of this.
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King John I at Runnymede
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The Great Charter
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1295: THE MODEL PARLIAMENT
KING EDWARD IBROUGHT COMMANDERS & NOBLES TOGETHER AS A PARLIAMENT TO ASK THEIR CONSENT TO NEW TAXESRADICAL NEW IDEA FOR A MONARCH TO ASK FOR ANYTHING
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1628: CHARLES I & THE PETITION OF RIGHT
1625 CHARLES NEEDED $ & PARLIAMENT REFUSEDPARLIAMENT WAS DISBANDED1628 PARLIAMENT CALLED AGAIN AND CHARLES HAD TO ACCEPT PETITION OF RIGHT IN EXCHANGE FOR TAX MONEY
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Charles I
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1628: PETITION OF RIGHT
4 MAJOR POINTS:DUE PROCESS OF LAW GUARANTEEDNO TAXES LEVIED W/O CONSENT OF PARLIAMENTNO QUARTERING OF TROOPS IN PRIVATE HOMES IN TIME OF PEACENO MARTIAL LAW IN TIME OF PEACE
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1642-49: ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
JANUARY 1642: CHARLES TRIED TO ARREST LEADERS OF PARLIAMENT & FAILSCIVIL WAR BEGINSKING’S SUPPORTERS KNOWN AS ROYALISTS OR CAVALIERSROUNDHEADS & PURITANS SUPPORTED PARLIAMENT. LED BY OLIVER CROMWELL
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Cavalier Soldiers
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1649:CHARLES I TRIED & EXECUTED FOR TREASON
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OLIVER CROMWELL (r. 1649- 1658)
KNOWN AS “LORD PROTECTOR”ESTABLISHED A COMMONWEALTH AND THEN A MILITARY DICTATORSHIP CROMWELL DIED AND LEFT A WEAK SON TO RULE.PARLIAMENT VOTED IN CHARLES II. THIS IS KNOWN AS THE RESTORATION
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Oliver Cromwell
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THE RESTORATION1660-1688
PERIOD OF RULE BY CHARLES II AND THEN BY JAMES IIBOTH KINGS TRIED TO MINIMIZE THE ROLE OF PARLIAMENTBOTH KINGS SUPPORTED THE CATHOLIC CHURCHJAMES II FORCED TO ABDICATE IN 1688 ENDING RESTORATION
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1679: HABEAS CORPUS ACT
LITERALLY MEANS “TO BRING OR TO HAVE THE BODY.”RIGHT OF EVERY PRISONER TO BE BROUGHT BEFORE A JUDGE AND EITHER BE FORMALLY CHARGED WITH A CRIME AND BE TRIED, OR BE RELEASED
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1688: THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
JAMES II FORCED TO ABDICATENO BLOOD WAS SPILLEDTHRONE GIVEN TO JAMES’ DAUGHTER MARY & HER HUSBAND WILLIAM OF THE NETHERLANDSWILLIAM & MARY RULED, JOINTLY, BY AN ACT OF PARLIAMENT
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William & Mary of Orange
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1689: THE BILL OF RIGHTS
“…ACCORDING TO THE STATUTES OF PARLIAMENT…”FREE SPEECH FOR MPs IN THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENTFREEDOM TO PETITION KINGPARLIAMENT TO MEET ON A REGULAR AND FREQUENT BASIS
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PARLIAMENT’S LAWS COULD NOT BE SUSPENDEDSUPREMACY OF PARLIAMENT CONFIRMED ONCE AND FOR ALL
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MAGNA CARTA 1215
Tyranny Abuse Absolutism
MODEL PARLIAMENT 1295
PETITION OF
RIGHT 1628
GLORIOUS REVOLU-
TION
BILL OF RIGHTS 1689
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
RESTORATION 1660-80 ENGLISH CIVIL WAR 1642 HABEAS CORPUS ACT 1679 ACT OF TOLERATION 1689 CABINET SYSTEM 18TH CENTURY
These steps represent the first steps taken toward creating a democ-ratic form of government in Europe. England will benefit greatly from this move to democracy in the years to come when nations like France, Germany, Italy and Russia are suffering from political unrest and turmoil, and England is creating a world empire.