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Yad Vashem as a Model of Archival Migra4on and Memory Dr. Silvia SchenkolewskiKroll Department of Informa4on Science BarIlan University, RamatGan, ISRAEL

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  • Yad  Vashem  as  a  Model  of  Archival  Migra4on  and  Memory

    Dr.  Silvia  Schenkolewski-‐Kroll  Department  of  Informa4on  Science  

    Bar-‐Ilan  University,  Ramat-‐Gan,  ISRAEL  

  • Yad  Vashem •  What  is  Yad  Vashem?  •  Transla4on  from  Hebrew  “Tes4mony  or  Eternal  Memory”  

    •  Historical  •  The  Shoah  or  Holocaust  period,  1933-‐1945  •  Everything  that  happened  to  the  Jewish  people  in  Europe  from  the  beginnings  of  the  Na4onal  Socialist  Party  in  Germany,  during  World  War  II,  and  aXer  the  end  of  the  war.  

    •  6,000,000  Jewish  people  were  murdered,  one  third  of  the  Jewish  popula4on  in  the  world      

  • Yad  Vashem

    •  Goals  

    •  “It  must  be  recorded  with  not  a  single  fact  omi6ed  .  And  when  the  9me  comes    -‐  as  it  surely  will  –  let  the  world  read  and  know  what  the  murderers  have  done”  

    •  (From  the  “Oneg  Shabbat  Archives”)

  • Yad  Vashem  –  First  Steps

    •  1942  Informa4on  about  what  was  happening  in  Europe  began  to  reach  the  Jewish  community  in  the  Land  of  Israel  

    •  Commemora4ve  Project  for  the  Jews  in  Europe  •  1946  Yad  Vashem  Archives  •  Immediately  aXer  the  war,  “Historical  Commissions”  (centers  for  documenta4on  and  the  collec4on  of  tes4monies)  in  Munich,  Warsaw  ,  Lodz,  Lublin,  Paris,  Bra4slava,  Budapest,  etc

  •  Yad  Vashem

    •  Legal  •  1953  Knesset  (Parliament)  of  Israel  enacted  the  Yad  Vashem  Law  

    •  Founded  Yad  Vashem,  The  Holocaust  Martyrs’  and  Heroes’  Remembrance  Authority  

    •  April  19th,  memorial  day.  The  day  the  Jewish  Rebellion  in  the    Warsaw  Ghedo  began

  • Yad  Vashem  Ins4tu4on

    •  Archives  •  Museum  •  Library  •  Research  Department  •  Editorial  •  Educa4on  Department  •  Righteous    Among  the  Na4ons  Department

  • Yad  Vashem  Archives

    •  Historical  Documenta4on  Archives  •  It  isn’t  the  legal  heir  of  any  ins4tu4on  or  organiza4on  

    •  It  collects  and  copies  from  many  administra4ve  archives  in  Europe  and  throughout  the  world;  all  the  material  is  about  its  principal  subject:  the  Holocaust  

    •  It  also  receives  original  documenta4on  from  many  origins:  personal,  private,  past  organiza4ons  

  • Yad  Vashem  Archives

    •  Sec4ons  in  the  Archives  •  Documenta4on  •  Tes4monies  •  Pages  of  Tes4mony  •  Photo  and  Film  Archives  

  • Yad  Vashem  Archives

    •  Digital  Collec4ons  

    •  The  Central  Database  of  Shoah  Vic4m’s  Names  •  The  Online  Photo  Archives  •  The  Documents  Archive  •  The  Righteous  Database  •  Yad  Vashem  Library  •  Visual  Film  Center  Database  •  The  Shoah  Related  Lists  Database    

  • Yad  Vashem  Archives

    •  Numbers  •  370  fonds  in  all,  120  original  fonds  •  170,000,000  pages  of  documents  •  4,500,000  pages  of  tes4mony  (7.000.000)  •  110,000  tes4monies  (oral  history)  •  214,000  photographs,  400  albums,  9,000  collec4ons  

    •   Link  to  Yad  Vashem  Website

  • http://collections.yadvashem.org/photosarchive/en-us/photos.html

  • Yad  Vashem    -‐Changing  Trends

    •  From  a  Jewish  point  of  view  of  the  Holocaust  to  a  more  universal  view  of  it  

    •  From  descrip4on  of  and  research  on  the  Holocaust  as  a  masse  massacre  of  Jews  to  the  presenta4on  and  descrip4on  of  and  research  on  individuals’  and  families’  fates  in  these  terrible  situa4ons  

    •  Exhibi4on  of  the  Jewish  life  in  Europe  before  the  Shoah

  • Others  Memorial  Centers

    •  1993  United  States  Holocaust  Memorial  Museum  –  Washington  DF  

    •  BENAS  (Behind  every  name  a  story)  •  1997  Museum  of  Jewish  Heritage  –  New  York  

    •  2010  EHRI  European  Holocaust  Research  Infrastructure,  European  Union  

  • Bibliography

    •  Reference  Books  •  Gutman,  I,  (ed.  in  chief),  The  Encyclopedia  of  the  Righteous  Among  the  Na9ons,  YVP,  10  v.  Jerusalem  2003  -‐  2011    

    •  Rozed,  R.  and  Spector  S.  (eds.),  Encyclopedia  of  the  Holocaust,  YVP,  Jerusalem  2000  

    •  Spector,  S.  and  Wigoder,  G.  (eds.),  The  Encyclopedia  of  Jewish  Life.  Before  and  During  the  Holocaust,  YVP,  Jerusalem,  2001

  • Bibliography  –  Research  Studies •  Almog,  S.,  Bankier,  D.,  Blatman,  D.,  Ofer,  D.,  (eds.)  The  

    Holocaust:  History  and  Memory,  YVP,  Jerusalem  2001  •  Almog,  S.,  Bankier,  D.,  Blatman,  D.,  Ofer,  D.,  (eds.),  The  

    Holocaust:  The  Unique  and  the  Universal,  YVP,  Jerusalem  2001  

    •  Bankier,  D.  and  Michman,  D.,  (eds.)  Holocaust  Historiography  in  Context,  YVP,  Jerusalem    2008  

    •  Bankier,  D.  and  Gutman,I.,  (eds.)  Nazi  Europe  and  the  Final  Solu9on,  YVP  ,  Jerusalem  2009    

    •  Milgram,  A.  and  Rozed,  R.  (eds.  )  The  Holocaust.  Frequently  Asked  Ques9ons,  YDP,  Jerusalem        2005  

  • Link

    •  Yad  Vashem  -‐  Basic  Search  •  hdp://collec4ons1.yadvashem.org/search.asp?lang=ENG&rsvr=8