y am~iiica · unclassifieoi/for public release ,\ iii,it ,\11\' (.1),\i~iissio,-':s...

$: Y AM~IIICA · unclassifieoi/for public release ,\ iii,it ,\11\' (.1),\i~iissio,-':s tiii,\ i, juillci,\iiv gu~ntan,\mo ii,\y ,\e071 uniticostan;s 01' am~iiica motion to co.\ii'~:i$
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GU~NTAN,\MO II,\Y

,\E071 UNITICOSTAn;S 01' AM~IIICA

MOTION TO CO.\II'~:I. Tilt: n JNDNG m ' •. 1l1I. t :U 1.,\II ETII I.Ot -rUS AS A

(.1),-':SU LT '\NT TO ,\IIJ Tilt: IIn1-;Ss,: ABD AL-RAIH.\lHUSSEI.-': MUHAMMED

ABDU AL-NASIIiRI JUf><~. 2012

Il<lp Ih< <Ide"", uoomland the empirk.1 c,i<kocc rcll"rninB 00'" memory , .. ",h.1>ow it eon be

doxumcnt«l. the <lefe_ oml. to ron>uit .. -ith an "pm rcprdinB po»ible <lef""t< (hat can

Tk defe"", r<qII<>1< to cmpioy Dr. Loftu, for up to 250 hOI", .. $-100_00 per hour. Dr.

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. " ._"""'.... '" ..

looianapoli., N .... York and Guanlanam<> for '.am m«Iing. and ron>uloaoiom.

'wn. '0 II", Commi .. ioo for ... i""","" .

• iol"," II", <Iofcndan", 'igh" guarank'<d by ,he Fi~h. Shih ... d Eigh'h Amrndm"n" '0 'he

Unil«l S,.," eoo"i,u,ioo. 'he .\Iililary Commi"ioo Ac, of2009. ,he DT A. "C"'y obIiga'loo. of

,he Uni,e<! S,,,e • • oo f.oo.",,,.,, , f>i'~ •.

I~om Ihc disco.-ory Ih" defcnse h .. I<cd,"Cd Ihu, far. ;1 iHIe ... , .... oo,h 'he Yemeni

authooitin .M the Unite<! S ...... so .... m""'nl q"""ion<d many "';'rdon to ioclu<lo b,,, _

0<1", ,d",e<! i""" •. The <Iof,,_ ""n' ,hi. r<qII"" 10 Ihc Coovroin! Au,oo.;ty "" M. y S. 20 12.

00 ~by B . 20 12. ,he C"",,,.' "g Ao'OOri'y d".ie<!,h" teG ..... (A"""h,,,,,., AI. Or. l.oh ... " •

highly q .. lifoe<l "'''''~ i. ,he emfNri<;al ".dy of memory. ;,;e"if",.,ioo and ««>11«1"",. She ha5

COIISull«l aM t<>lifl«l in many crimina] <~ oo,h in the Un;,e<! S,", .. and ab~. in both .... e

and f«l<",1 COII~'. (AII .. h""'nl B~

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""",.,._." "".... '" ..

d<dir><> '0 p""ide any .ddi,ioo.1 informatioo in onkr '0 pm.c",e ,I>< .ltorn<y dOrn. and ,,"OJ\;

6, AI"JU mo""

.. SI.nd ... d Applic:oble ' o u.. A",hon .. , ioo or o.r ..... . : ...... ,

The MCA . .... ,I>< ~1l" .. 1 ror Mili,ary Commi"ioo . ... hooi .. , ..... "'ptoy".,.", cf

"pens '0 .. >is! 'he panic; in both 'he developm< ... and f«'<'l"'Oon of ""'ir<as«, R.\j ,C.

703(d). In onk, to employ an "'pelt at SO"<mm<n' "'peltS< •• pany tnJ" <wmi, • """'<>, to tho

, .... ron,'oni.s ... hori'y m. y be r."i .... ~ by ,h. miliury j.,,!ge. "'110 ..... 11 <>:,.""i,... ... ' .... , ...... ,h.

' '''imoor of "'" "'pclt is ><k,· .... and n=ssary. R.M.C. 703(d).

R.M .C. 70J(d) KG"i",. II>< m( .. ing pany 10 >how that ,I>< "'pclt i. ",levan, and

oece.wy. Thi' " ...... <tl i, i<Ioo,i<;al '0 , .... ".o",<tl for ,he .mploy"'.", cf "'po .... >et forth ,0 ,h.

( .... .F,C.M.R. '989~ 11'11<>< ,he JOI'.m".,.", ... k ••• """i,u,". ,h., po....,... tnJ" )'0><"" .imi' ...

(N.\1.C.M,R. 1987). Undn oom< d"'"""tan« •• intkpc""'nt"'pclt.c ....... Ix r~ by

"",omm<.' OApclt .. Un;ud S,,,,,, ,'. /iu",m •• 29 MJ. 473 (C.M.A. 1990) (OOI in! that

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""",.,._." "".... '" ..

of .ny f""liIa, i, or ron<cqL><n« '0. <kkrm ina1ion of ,he romrni,sioo ""ion mo<c probable or

To 11>< exkn' 1Il0l11>< 1'fO'«'"'ion ""'y Kd '0 inlrodocc infomla1ion from indivKluals

n\O!hO<l, of ""'unng ronf ... ion, anJ Hlon'if>e",~ Dr. i.dlu, "'ill • .,i" ,he d.f .... ,n

i.f""""ioo.

To 11>< exkn' 1Il0l11>< 1'fO'«'",1on ""'y Kd 10 inlrodocc infomla1ion from indivKluals

n,i.idon,if>e01ion '" " ..... '''''.i«kd '0 "ny form of <"""''''''' or ",h,""i .. "'u.e<J. Dr, loftus. ,n

ronjunctioo wioh o1her <Apen. soon 10 be Hlo.,if!<'d by 11>< defe.",_ "'ilI ... 1."", ,IJOK

' echo ..... '0 delermine ir'hey lead 1<> '",ohful and "",ura'. informa1ion. Gh~ 11>< .ge of ohi.

e .... ,he idon,if>e01ion, "nJ n",n>Ori., of "', ,n., .. , "'ill be "n .... "' ,. 1 asp«1 of ,he me,me.-.·

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""",.,._." "".... .....

c. Dr . l..oI"Iu,· unique .,. p<rli .. i. n"""' .. r)" ror Ih. <kfe ..... ·, " ....... "'.ioo or i •. , """".

An .'ren i. (\«,"-...;1 oY:<:< ..... ~ ~ ·h." the <lefe"'''''' _ . thO' the .. IS"""" than .........

(C.M.R. 19"14): Uni"d SID'" ,'. Kim/". 2~ .\I J . 855. 856 (A.C.M .R. 1987). To <lemo",'",'. ill ..

MJ . ~J. 9~ (1981).

In any Anid. III """n. it " 'ould be """,ideO<"d mal.,....,""" '0 nOl ..... 0 ~e" ""ch as

Gu iddi"" 4.I(A ). J.6 1I0" ST1tA L h v . 677. 680 (2008). The WellS<: "",.cnhcks. fiic< ,hi.

moIion bee ..... ' hoogh do< rulcs an: diITm, ... in ,hi. Comm;,,,,,,,- ,he oeed i, ,he .. me. "fhe

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""",.,._." ""..... " ..

( I) lhe f"me" and .ff"""v.n ... "f,h. In,I,l3t}' romm,,,,,,,, ')'SI'" ur.,le, ~Oap<<f 47,0. of li,le 10. Unikd S,.,U Code ('"' """,oded by 5«1"'" 1802~ ",',II doren<! "" "gn'('"n' dovee "" lhe ...... ....,y Qf der.n .. cw .... 1 ,nd ,",,,,,,,><ed '""'"teeS 10< i"div;wal, ~,,,,,,",ululy ,n the ~..., of c.pital c=>. "nok, ""ch cllapl<r47 A: and

m dor.n .. cwn .. 1 i" ""IH"'l' """"m".,., c ..... p"""'ul.'y in "pil.1 , ..... under ""ch chapkr ~7A oflill< 10, Uniled Sial<>. Code ('"'.., .rnrodcd), .oould be roily """r«<l, '"' rro>i<kd i" .""h ch"l"cr47A,

MCA (2009) 11807.

""lTercd from "')"'km'" "00<,."""",i"8 <>flh. defe"", n«tl. of capil.1 and other """" broop:.:

bef"", militoryrom""""": )oi", Eapl ..... ,ory S'.'<mrol of ,he Conf«ro« Commitl«o.

~""",'I 0.1 ...... A",l\(I<i<a1;"" ,0.<1 ror ,"",a] Y.,.. :!OIO. R.p"" 111·283." 86l. ' In vie ... of

to <n,un: the adequacy of «pre"'""""" for <k1.in<'<!, pw1",u lariy in capi,.1 <ala. Th<

lid. 10. U"ited Slat •• Coo •. tn ,,"~ •• pp" .... iat. """,id."".,., IQ lhe Ame'", ... R",

I'<nally Case. (February 2003) and othe, romporabk S.iolcli ........ /d, Th. coof<=. f.nh<r_cd

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""",.,._." "".........

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In makinlllll<"" prooouocc"",n" Coo11K'> «liN upon ,be e>.p<ricoce in f<tkfal coo"',

Kampill~ ,', &~rd, SolS U.S. 374. 37S (200S) (ci'i"l! Ill< ABA De"'" Pcnal,y G.itkli"", and

>L>(in~ 'hat -I wI< Ioog o..-e «'<!TN 1'<> 1Il< .. ABA S,.nd.nb] .. !.ides ,<> <I<'<nninin! ... ·h .. i.

S,ridland ); C.:mOO" ,', McBrUk, J9S F.3<l 376, 38-J (7'" Ck 2OOS)("We follooo' 'he IS.~mcl

Court'. kad ... by looking fiB' '0 ,be IABA Death Pc .... I'y Guidciin<>j, "), ' ntl=!. the S.p",mc

Coun ",r.rte<J '0 ,be A HA De .. h P.n,I,y Guid.h .... ,n S'ndl~..a i' .. lf. """.J ,hat ,he

guiJ.hn<> «fleet ··Ipl .... "ili.! """". of """"ice .. -1(,6 U.S .. 688

Tk ABA G.i<l<li .... obIisa .. roIInscl 'o5C'<k .11 , ,,.il.bk ,,·ro ..... of «I .. ..,"

... istance .. ''''''''01, •• )(. 'hi ' i, ,II ,h. def ..... seek, '0 do, It« .... """"" .s n«<s.s.ary .f

p"not'F .... ·

Dr. LoIlo .... ·ill p""·itk Ill< dcf<n", "'i'" ... i".nce in ...... or..,icn,iflC and medic. 1

memory i. r'«I"<",ly roont<ri",o;t;ve. "Expert t"'timony on eY""'i'n<" ",Ii.bili,y i. n'" .imply

" o1«10 ,om""," myths ,!>out an i""i"i<lu,rs

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""",.,._." "".... '" ..

ilMO •• ingk ""'1J1Of)' image, ,,~, ~.t .. UniuJ S,,,,,, t'. S .. i/h, 736 F,2d 1103, 1107 (61h Cir .

... itnes> l<.'imooy. the Sup","", Coon _«I that, in addi'K>n '0 the rip... '0 ronfrootation and

duri", m ... ·"'ami .. 'ion and focus the jury'. a'l<nlK>n on ,he fal libili,y of w<h t<>limony

du,ing opening and closing "'Iu .... "'.:· p~"Y " Nn>' 1I""'I',h;'-... 132 S, Ct. 716. 728 (2012).

To be oble to 00 thal in ,hi . c .... gi, .. n 'he peroli"i'" admi .. ibill,y of he ..... y and ,he "me ,h.,

"I'P""unl,y to 'n .... "gate, Dr. W,u" ",pml.., ,,-ill be n<e<>!.ary .

• n),hing. they me.n that " 'hen . nun is on ,,;)] for hi' life. hi' """ ..... 1 ,"',II h .... ":='10

"""'~ake "-h,,, is i"",e .. ingly • hi,,(>ric.1 .. e"" .. ,n ' IS ,n, ... ,ig>lion. A,. m,nimum, 'he

ddms< >It""ld ha •• the "'''"'''''' occrs!.ary to ~rly " .. Iu". tbe "",,,,,,,i« of ,he "'i,Tll'SS«

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""",.,._." "".........

Co"..,i .. io" """ ... ,.,.,. .... '0 .. I~ "" ...:<>Old ()t third 1e,'.1 h ....... ~ ."d/<:lr is <IorivO<! fm"'

wi,",,,,,,, ~'ho ,uff<rcd from crud, inhuman ..-.l dcgradinS "<.'men', if ..... 'orIUf<.

K. lI"o,n.,...., NQ ...

10, 1. ;"1 or A l1l1lch .... nl>'

A. M<mo to eoo .. nins Autbori'y RE: Dr. Lo~us. did 8 May 12 B. Res.,.._ fJQlJl Coov<nin! Aulhori'y, dId 23 M.y 12, C. C~ffl<'~I"", V;, .... of F.h",t>e,h 1.<>11 ... Ph.D,

LCDR, lAG<:. USN I><,";I~J '><f~~ C",'n.",'

,

,

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rEHTlt"lfArt: OF SU \' ICt:

I c<~;fy ,h., ""/ ... 4" , 2()l2. I .I"",ron;c. lly (,Ied lhe f",go;ng 00<."",,,, " ·,,h ,he CJo,<.: .,flh. C""" . no.t ""'ed ,h. fO'lO;o& 00 . 11 <"., ... 1 01 <eootd "" ,1>0 dllO of (,hoJ.

I£DR. JACe USN IHi,,;lhi /Nfnt.>< C""nu/

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" ~' "~.-.""".... , .....

GILROY, KAMMEN, MARYAN & MOUDY An A"'Q(";"';'''' of A fk>m'l'

NUl ;n Pann"y,;p

IJ~ NORll! I'IU<:<SYLVA:<!A S11'(F."T SUITE I17S

N'''~''''''-I$. l~I)IA~A 'Oro.> ) 1l· !)6.(JoIOO

RIO: Rr:QlJEST 11) L\ ' Pl..OY U. IZAH!:TI I I.OI'fUS "".0 . AS A OE~"F.N5E CO:-;SULT AI'oT

I. '" >e«>o.l ,,·i ,h ,be ""'ic~. ptOCe<l" ... . ,., ,...,.,.i«. " ,i)iJ;e<! i" lbe Uniled 5,,,, .. p;"ri<;t

COlIN. ond R"le 71J) 0( the Rul .. FOf Mi litary Co ...... i.""'" thaI al.,... <qUai >«<15 to ... ·il"".'"

... ~ i"'~"igati'~ '''''''''''<S. ,"< d.f . . .. ..., ... " . p,""'i" """ to ."'ploy FJ i,,.,..h I.oI"t"' "".0 . OS

• ddm .. oo"," 'tan t in the arc. of <r<""it~ Hk",;r,,, .. ioo ond m<m<>ry.

R.-k,.. 0( the inad<qU .. <..,d limit«! diOOO\"<ry the pros«"lJlion has '" far fl<O\"idcd 10 the

""f." .. " ... ad~ ,.,ul, <hOI 1"< e> ...... at i .... ""u,,ed OS Ion! .. '''~l''. y ..... qo. Si"""

"nd""bt«ll~ "'.., "'it""'" "·illl<,,ify.oout th<ir =-oI1«1ion> of <'<n" O'~ I .... <lv. yc' " "i" lho <Iof .... "«:<I. lO 00 .. " " ,"'i 'h •• • ' pen "ganii"! ,.,... .... ,r>o>t)' "'0<1:, ond "",.. it <to",,! ..

0"<'1 • 10"8 pe,;oo 0( I;m<. The ""f<"", .1"" "<"Cd, torort>u ll " ';Ih a" n pen I<gordillJ h",,·

""'''"''''}' <. " be . _ • .-..l •• in,."'ioo,lIy Of u. i ...... ,"""., I ~ ........... 1, of q ... """"ing pR>«<lu .... ,

Bocau", Y<"",ni authorilies ",,<"iooro many " 'ill"'lSa J>rior 10 the ",,<>Iionin! by the HU. and

b<c""", ;nf"""",ioo .boo! thai qL>CStiooi"! i. "'" . » il. bl< Of illOlloquatd y docIJm<nl<d. lhe

""f.n .. noe<J, 10 """""I wilh . n «pen ... gordin! p"",il>l< <lef.",. ,n q"""""" ,nJ ,hOI <an ,ff.." --. MOteO'~'. Ih. i~ ..... dioro>'.'Y pro<I..:ed 10 <late .. ve." • , igroif", ... , n"mhcr 0(

<YC"'itl><>' idenlir"'at;""" by p«>pk in V<m<" from pOOl", ,ho"'n them by "'" Yemeni

'.' horilies an.)Ior ,be " HI . The def.n .. nee<ll lO """," II ,,"' ,'h :on •• pen ., ""il ,n d.,.""i.'ng

" 'hother the ph""" "'<I< ,uU<>Ii,,,, ond if so, nov.. J>OOt'" <an . ff «1 IOC""",,},,


• "" A .... , .. ' . I · ._"" "' _ .... " ....

In lig'" of lIIe fact ,hat the pro><e",ion may ""k to introd""" inform .. ion from

indi"i~ .. '. " 'ho " ' ..... bjo<lO<J to !:ITs Ot "h.",,', .. . bo.<std. Or. IAhu. "'ill " udy 'ho.<

'«hniq .... to <lolm"n. if thi, kad, 10 the tk''''1opm<nl 0( unllluhful "",moO<. Ot =ul .. in

unuuthful information.

U..:.u"" ,he Comnti"ion ""~ the Co."",n ,,,. AUll>ooti'y "nl.,,'fully req..i,.. lh:n lhi'

r«t"'''l be .,,,,'Cd "pat ,h. ~"lion, the <lof."", <l«lin<> 10 pro,,;dc the oddilloo.1

infOt"",",n In justify ,hi. "","." ,hal funhe' ,..1 ... to !he ""cu>e<t'. c .... If .'Io>o'Cd, od~il""'" infoflTIIIlion will be rro,idod ex pw1 ••

J, o..,-r",,,,loo.

Or, l..,fiu. i, "..m.I'" ,he nalloo', Itading e.pen in he' r>old. 1)<. U>(",,,u,,,,,n,'y

f>O'''' .... , o«rrt ""',i'yd.O/llOCC. It "'iII ,.,«1 10 be upgroded '0 TSlSCl.

See A"""I>«I R ... n ...

4. Addrt"~ and ,<1'000'5 numt>c"

E,izabelh W,u, Ph. D.

6. Il"i""".d C"'t<

1$0 hoots '" SoIOO.OO pet ,."",

SI OOOOO

7. Don>«,i<;T"",,1

rro,..,1 ., W .. hingt<Hl IX. Ot "he' """ .... tic I."",ions fOt leam moe"n&> .n~ '0 ,,,,.,..

d ... m«l inform"'ioo. r ro,d to Guantanamo B.y 10 int'I'-k,,· 'he oocu~ ..-.!lOt Oll>ct-

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8. 0.""""""'",:1. None r<QU<'>'N" obi. ,ime:,

7. Cooslu,;""

Tho ~oro.," ""I .... " ,!Ie a/);h,y '0 o"",loy Dr. FJ;'-">o,h l.<>flu .... doro.," OO<'ISUI, .. , ;"

t!le ""' .. of ""'''''''Y. <y<",;tn< .. idc .. irt"a1ion .00 « 1,,<'11 ;"UCS.

Very Truly Yoo,..

's/ I\j<banl Karomen

Rk .. rd Kamme. Attorney a' ''",

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Rioohord K ........... Eoq , Gi""". K ........... ~ ODd Moudy IlJ N. 1'uw)'h"Olli& SIrftt. Sui .. 1115 IlIIIi.......,I; .. IS 0162(101

0.,., Mr. " ........ ft:

I , .... id<r<d , ... f.1Iy)'<IW .... utSI rt<c;"0:1 Oft M.y I. lOll. rot .... ~JJlmrnO ofo.. liliubotb Loftlll"'",,' ... okfcno< """",1tAn< in ....... of ,ycwi_ HkntifO<Olion ODd ",""",,y . fot1he , : ..... Sonhbelow. l oktIy)'<>l.O'-.

Uod<r R .... b MiJiUl}' C: h_h;";"" 1Ol(d), I ~ ..... y _ .. ""IU<St:I a cxp<tt -..- ........ 1he: I 4."'pony ..... " .... the .... "r,ta'" ' : .... Ift_1O ok. __ ",.. '~ •• pony _ $/low: (I ) qy .... npaI =;.~ '" io.. ~ d; (2) .. ",. the ""PM .... OW>« -Woocunplislo rot ....... id,J; -..IO) qy1hc ..... , I ~_IO ....... -..I ...... the ..... , '" "'- the e<p<tI --.. be ohI: 10 ..,.:lop. u..JwI S" .. u. ".. ....... ~62 MJ. U7. 1.] (c.A.A.F. 1OOS~

you ...... Ilulod ",""'-'m<"fryDr. loft ... io '.:emf)". You _n ric _IO~ ........... oI:ocI\II how.....-y thlnt<> 0 ...... rime. but foil 10 ind;oOl< ....... oh: <OUIol po ........ io ""' ........ """""'" _. rcao!ily kDown 10 rb: ., ....... pc" .... Y ............. _IO~' " 'ilh ............. ""pOooibi. 01<1'« .. in q..,.,ioninl" ofYnnrni wi ... " .. ODd <Y<"; ...... "nlilk ...... f""" pbotopophs, but foil to _"'y""" (Ot t>olic"inllbm: .. = problLml wi,h "",viow inlervi ... ~ Of 1110: pIIolov"",,", Fi,.,.ply. you .... tI 111< ooal to """",.1: wirh Dr. lon ... , __ "';nl 11M: ,IT..., of <nhan<cd in .. ""pt;"" ""hniq"" on .....-y. bu. ,oru>oI ..... " ......... rho ptOKCution ;ntendl 10 "JI any ";1,.,..... who ""f'O .0Ibi«1C>J 10 F.IT ..

You ........ 110 (011«1 \0 doo",,_ "fry you ... _ 10 ...... ODd p<n<>'P1 1he evidence ..... rho .. pM _ 1M: _10 010\""",. n.... ... """", .... 1llti:1oo "" Or. loft ... ·• _1<. """ "" .......... i. npcns' ....... IOS. ..... di ...... 1he out;o:u er ~_ id:otil'ica!ioo-..l " '100) . You boo,,.,.,. ;- .. 'uoJ if,.,.,1Iovc rad rIor oni:Its ""'" .. ..-10 ~ ..... r- ....... ,.,. #·pl · i .... ""'r "'""" .nida .... ,.,. MOIfo<iaol .. hrip,... <d\w.ooIt )_ .. 1('0_ F"i"'" YOU .... '-',,)'OUr pK'.......,., •• · ,.J .. ,... ... I_Or. R-..fdd.. JIOTCJ~ 1.1_ . ..... is .. UpM in _. 0IId __ ......... you ....... rlfttt Err ....... "" • _ ",_dO .. ,.)'OUr" I (,;b .... PnI< ... _aoIry a 0.. l..ol\uo·. ·s,., -,. .'iN"-' 62 MJ . .. 10.

II .... rOO' MiliUl)' C""",,""'" 1OJ.(d) ~"" ..... "'" _int ~y ,,0. " ..,,;ce to "'" "'" - ..... ~r. oIIIl ..... tho ~ .... ioo;ludo . """pkt< .lPre"" .... of, .. ,,.... wtry <mpIoymcn' of ...... .,... .. no:asary. """"",,~y. you ... """,ill,". 00 ........ infOt!UPion .1101 moy i""ify YOU' "'1"'11 beL ..... ,.,., ""Ikvc ..... il is outlawf\:1 .. """" ... 1"" dof ..... to ...... < r:qu<>to fot

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rdOW"<<1 "" "'" prosc<Ulion, ollhouSh you on: willil>jj ." prOvide addi.i" .. 1 Inform",io" .. pmu. f.JI poru f'OGUOO I> for •• port ... i>1ant> are - ...... ly opproprio,. .. in mili ••• y pro«<dinp. Uwi.td $I"", •. (;{u.!tJ, 22 M.J. 211, 291 (C.M.A. 1986), 1/0"'<''<' . )'"" may ~submi l 'I>< ~UOO. 10 me for a p<r" considc:ration. if you I><licvc you c"" d<mon> ..... unusu&l <in:wm1ano:.' w ..... u p<rt< =Yw i. """....,. to iruur< • f. i. ui.L If I am "'" po-nuodod. you will hay" ,I>< opti"" of ... ubmini"ll "'" f'OG,..$1 willi 1"01"" "",Ot. to "'" opposing )WIy. or ""'kH'Il judici.1 ~i<w of my dci.rmi ... ,;"."

. , LCIJR R<yc. Mr. Matti,,;

Bn>« MacOonald~'-<~ .Y C""'=;ng Ault>orily

(0< Military Commi'"

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EDUCATION


VITAE

ELiZAIlETH F. LOFTUS

Di>!ingui>h'" Prof< .....

Un;'· .... "Y 0( C.hf.,..n; •. loy;..,

B.A,. ~'ilh highe>! hooon in Malh<matic. and "'l"hoiou. UCU\. 1966 M.A .. "'y<h<>logy. s,..,f(Jfd Uni'""",y. 1%1 1'11.0 .• "'ycholo~. Sunf",d Uni'·mi'y. 1970

TI:d\CHlNG EXI'ERIENCE I'<nn .... nl Di .. inguis/l«l Prof...,.,... U.i" .... i'y ofCoIif.,..., .. ''''in<. :!OO:! - p<e>en,

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Affili ... Prof....,.. Univ. 0( W ..... ing""'. "'l'<ho.>iogy Dep' and School of Lo .... ,00, -"... .. '" A"i'lanI. A"""iate. Full Profcss«. Univ""i'y 0( W",""ing'on. 1973·2002 Ad)"nc1 Prof •• s« of t.. .... Un;' ..... "y 0( w,"'ins,on. 19M·2(II" A"i'lanI Prol"e",",. Ne ... School Uni .... i'y. GradU"" FIO\ot;y. 1975·76 101.,100.1 ludicial CoIkg<. Uni' .. r';,y of Nevatla. 1975·87 { ... mmcB) Vi,.;.ing Prof • ....,... Goo'!: .. ,,....'n Un;, .. ""'y 1..."" C.n,.,. 1986

HONORS AND A WA RDS

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N .. ioo.1 Academy 0/' Sden<<i, <I«1od 20Q..l

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Bcth;clnifl R«kIx; RC«aJ<h Inspired by the Work of lilizal>e'h F. Loft", Spoei.1 I.SlJc of "oI'lnil-J COgJI;I;\~ I'.ycholot;>,. «Iik<l by M. Gany & It Ila),ne, Vol. 20, 2006.

I'Ron:SSIONAL MUIBERSHII'S Cur ... "

A"""i",i"" f", Ps}~h""'g;';.1 Scienc. (f Otm<'])' An",ric"" I'oycho!oog;';.1 Society: Pr<.od ... I<I'<S·<I'<) W •• km Psych""'/:;,;al A"""i",ion (Prer.Hknl. 1984: f>KsHk .. 21JO.1.2OO:'I1 Psy<Hlo .. ;'; 500;i.,y (c;.,'~'ning Boon!. 1m.199~) Society of Iixperi""'n"" PsY"h<oiosim. (1990 _ ) 6,.i"" Psy<holog;.;., Society (1991. L,fctim< M."' .... ') Royal Society of E<linburgh (200:'1 _ Lif<1imc C""",,,.,..., inS Fel low) Nat""'" MO<l.",y of Scien<e>. (21JO.1 • ). ~km PsY"oo!os;,;al M,n, Ilk<k<l Fellow 2011 .

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Sockty. Di • . ~ I. 1985; l'I1I:.i<kn t. E'pcr;,n"ntal p,)"OOioV- Di.i"",,- Di •. 3. 1988 ) (1973· 1996) In,,,",,,. for ,h. S"o,ly 0( tho Tnal (Roonl 0( Di "".,.... 19"19·8 1) Law and Socirty A.soci",ioo ( 1982·89) Socioty for APpl~ R .... o:h i" M.mory &: Cogoitioo. (SAR.\lAC)

OTHER I'ROn:SSIONAL EXI'ERIENCE M"mber. Ps)"hology Education Rc.k .. · Commilte'<. N",ioo. 1 In>li(utc of MenIal Ik a llh. 1977·79 A,"""i.,. &li[(> •. A""nn,n P»TIo,I',!;>I. 1991).94 Editori.1 Boord Member. ;"""",1 ,! f:.<pf.;..,..nl'" 1',)"Ch'~"ID·. 1974·87 lI""",nu..rni"s.1980-86 Soci'" C,'!";lum. 1981·92 111~' and Socj't)· K" ·;',,,. 1982·86 '"ft,,,,,,,,;,,., ~<>d Ik/wo 'j".. I 983·9(1 Am .... i"'" ;",,,,,,,1 <>f PW :/o""'!l . 1989--2Ol".II'I ;wt"" Q"",,,"'y. 198-I-9S Vk';_""J)". 19l1-1·9~ Iklt<l,iorol Sci",,,,, aM til< Lo ..... I98S·99 ApplirJ Cogn;,;' ... P,,'d><~"Jl 19117·9)

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R.;r;,h ;"""",,1 ,! 1',')"CIo"''!J. 1983·~ap"",.) 1',)"I0"''!J T"d~J. 1999-2003 SJ;,ptk /oIaSd, i"" (UKA 2009 - 1'""''''' M.mber. Coon<il fl)< SekOlif", M«I;c;" • . !;,;k.lif.: I/n';'M' ,if A "~"",'i, ... M,dk;'w:. 1\1911· A"",ric ... Ps)"holoJical ",_i .. ioo rommitte'< .. 00<: M"mber. Comm"nic",ioo. Convni,,,,,,. I97S· 76; M"mlx-r • .\l ogui ... T..,~ Force. 1975. 76, M.",".r. Fi ..... Co", O"' '''''. 197;" 7S; M.mbeT. Coo"",, "" 0<&>""""",,, of APA. 19n·]s; Commi"ioo on O rgani,"'ioo. 197&-82: Councilor Ropr=nlal ivcs, Di., 3. 1982·85; ~",i". Coo""i, ,,,,,. Di., 41 . 198 1 -8~; M.",".r. Ethi« Co,,,,,';,, ... 19/1-4; N3['.on>1 I'Illicy Slooics o.'C,";ght Commit"",. 1986: l'" dwio61 Today. Roonl of Di rec(ors. 1987·88; Coo"". on Di"i.iI)toIA PA RoI"H>ns (COOAPA R). 198&-89. Po.o/)I;C I" f""",""" Comm, 1989-1992 T .. ~ Fo!<e 00 R«O\'Crcd M" mo<k>; 0( Ooild Se,.al Abu"". 1993·96 A,"""i",i", fl)< Ps)~h"",,;C. 1 Scienc. (Fonntrly Ao>ori<. n I'o)"I>oIog;c.l Socioty) Commi" .. "..,,1:;

Fund fo< Ad,'ancrmcn( 0( Psyd,dOSic.1 Seic""". Bo.vd M"mlx-r. 2003· , (Ooai~ BC<j""" s.l:>c"", ",i" .. )_ C.",,]) A .. 'aru Cowrnit"",. 2OO1-O'i .

A,"""i",i", fm M' ..... mcOl of Ps)'choloj;y (AAP). Bo.vd 0( Tn"' .... 1981·8~ 1'.<10",",," 0( lloh>vi<0<3l. Psy<:"'>Iog;c. l. W Cosoi(iv, Sciences: ~ .. i,'C Commit"",. 1992·9S N",i",. 1 Aca.J.,nies: (inc, N",i",ol Aca..iemy of S<ie""")

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Comm;''''< 00 Cosn;'ion.nd S.,,~y>. 1985.\10 6., ... eJ N",io'" ... rr, i ... """'i,,,O)' Com";" .. on Co<ntll<' I .. , i",.,.. 1987·199() Rop"",n''''i"" fmm Uni'~,,;,y Faeulty '" S"'''' L<g;.laourc, 1976-78 M"sory C"""" . I""i,u", eJ(;oI.'omme", ,,,d PIot,h< Mh .... Uni> of Ilhnoi .. 1\1117·1992 l~t S Foond .. ion Ad>iSOlf')l B""rt,I. 1m· NI.\IH Doh";",,,t Sde""" T .. ~ FOIT<. t99J Sage Se-ri •• on Coo ... ling W"""''' Ad,,,,, ... 1995·% Explont""u"" San Fr.tnr;"'o·, Scie"", Muscum, ... ,hi..,.-, t<J90.91. 1996·98 a .. i".«lm eo"""""io'" Scie,,"rOC Ad"i"'-~ BOaI'll, 1999·2001 Cenl<' on W,ongful Coo.iotiono. Naoional """i>Or)' Board, 200(). N ... ·Kitk Co",,,, f", Science & Society. Ad,'i..,O)' 1!o3nI. 2002· tlll<malional I ... ,;,.,. 0/' Psychoohc",py and ... ""Hed Me ... 1 Ileal'"

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GOVERNttn : NT ANIJ OTHER CONSULTING Ge .. ,,, s."W:es Admini",,,,.,.. 1974·1] Fed,,,,,1 Tcadc: Commi"ioo. t97b-n lI>y Are, R.!'i.nd WI .. membc" oflhc kg.1 prof ... """ ;n J4 US " .... ,

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\..<J{, ... G.R_ & Lo/'lu,. ll_F_ (1976) JI"" "", M<mnry; Th<' P""" ,,;n! (i In/"""",;"". 110110<1.10. NJ' Erlbaum M"""i.k'S . . Jar> ..... ed;1'.oo, Uni"''';'y 0( Tokyo Pre ...

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LofIL», [,F, (t979). E''''''';m<" T.";"",,,y. C.crbridge. MA: tt........J Uni,.",.;,y Pre,,_(N.oional M«I .. ""'anI, o;"ing.i.hed C"",nb.,;"". 1980}. (R." ... «I "'i'h n.,,' Pref>« ,n 1\196), - i.pone« edition, Sci,h;n Shobo, To~yo.

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LofI .. , E,F, (1980~ /of,morr. Readi",. MA: Add;""" W<'ky. (ReJ>ri!Wl by NY: Anl>ky ~ 1988), · 5""«Ii'" ... litiO<l' Liber Forlag. 5,,,,,kh>lm., 1I.b«.., «I ,,;"': Or A,n. Tol·A" •. : F .. ""h «I,,;"': !..e Jour. Editc",.; Spani'h cdition: Co~. Editoriol Conti""n"'\.: Dani,h «lit;"': Ikmoo Publish", ..

W""",,,". C.II. 8: LofIu, . E.f. (1981). p,,,<lrO' QlJ'. 1'1'"01 yo><\:' Ro"""'" II"" .. (Knopf). l<o(, ... G,R. 8: t4lu,. E.f . ()982). f.·",~c~ Of!;I~I;"k,. MO<IlC"'Y. CA: lI"""'slColc. 800<.in. R .. Wtu,. E .• '" z.jooc. R. (19.83~ Ps)"d.o'Of)" Todd)' (Slh «I.). NY: Random llouse, W, ... G,R. 8: t4lu,. " .f . ()91\J). M;".J ,II I'Id1. No.., York: a,.;,; llooks. · J..,.""" «Iilioo: Companion Sh>ppan 1.,,1.

W.II,. G. 8: LofIu,. E.f . (f40.) (19&4). F.r<~;I.~" T,,,;,,,,,,,,...P,,"drd0lk~1 ~"/>K"',.". NY: Combridge Uni vrn;ity Prtl ..

W""",,,". C.II. 8: t4lu,. E,f . (198). P,,,<lroiolJ' (2"d 0<1.) NY: R>ndom llousc (K""f'/). Bour .... L E.. [);omin",,-sl i. R.L, loft .. , E.F .. '" IIc.ly, A. (1986). Cogni';, .. Proc"", •. E",lc»uod

Cliffs: Pte"t;';~lbli. LofI .. , E,F, 8: [);oyk. J. (1987). f.) .... ,i''''" l~";"""'y: CMI "od C,im;""I, NY: KI",,~, l<o(, ... G,R. 8: t4lu,. ".f. (1988). S""i>1k,. No'" YO<!< : Random II"..,... W""man. CB. 8: t4lu,. liE (198&). P,)drui0/JJ' (Xd cd). NY: R:II1dorn 11"" .. (KoopI), LofI ... E.F, 8: Ketcham. K. (1991) Wi,,,,,,!,,,,,,, lNy"": TM lI octU,J, ,'" [ ) ..... ';'''''', aod 'h, t:vH"

",:I", P." M,"",,), , .. Tri;,J NY: 5,. MltM', Pre.., -Chine .. Trarblation: Toi .. , .. : Bu,in ... WC'Clly Publ"'ation, 1_, Sj>IlIish Tran>latioo: Ban:d"" • • Sp.:oi"' Alba 2010

W""man. CB. 8: t4lu,. liE (1992) p,)droioS)" (4th «I.) NY: MeG .. w Ilill. W" ... E,F. 8: [);oyl •. J.M. (1992) f., ... ;_" T,,,;,,,,,,,, . Ci"iI und Crim;.aI. 00....." .... ,11., VA' The

Michie LO, W, ... E F, 8: K.",ham. K. (1994) n., Mph "IN,,,,,,,,,,d M,"",'Y. NY: 5,. M"","· .........

·Dutch «Iition: G""en in h<l I,"<""ul,"<n, AmllCnI:unIAnt ... erp<n: Ui'g<,~ji LJ, Veen (199:'1) · Got"oat> «Iilioo: Die lbc .. pi ..... """0"'"&. (""",Incd !»I 1"Jrid K]c,o): 11.""",,&: Vc<l>g Com!!.

(199:'1). · F .. ""h «I;ti",,: l~ ,)'"<ltomc: <Ie. fa., """"C"'''. Coil"",;,., R.g;m.1 Criliq .. : f.<lit""" I"''X'', (1997~ O»lCi ) ... lobo Publi'hi","

· Toi .. ·,,,,,,, T",,,,lati,,,,, Yu .. I.ioo Publishin!-· J..,. ..... «lit;"': Sci'hi" S_ Publi"' .... (2OIXI~ · K"", .. editioo, DoooI Publishin! (2008)

W, ... f,F, 8: [);oylc. J.M. (1997) f.,,,,;,",,, ">Ii"","J." C;,·jI '" Cn·mi""l. 3n! w i,;,." OO.....,,' ... ·illc, Vo: !..exi. Low Publi'hin!-

W""",,,". C.II .. )..,fiu, . f.f .. 8: W.,.·". C. (1999) p,,'dwJ{''r1 (Slh w i,,",,,). NY: M«;raw II ,II LofI ... E,F" Doyle, L\1. '" Dysart. J. (2007) £)"'~'i''''jj ,wi""",)'." O ,-;{ '" Crim;naI, 4th «Iitioo.

OO....." .. "ill •. Va: )~'i. I..>'" Publi,h,o," (482 1"&,,)

,\rtides .. nd Chaplers ,~

F"h ....... 1iF. (I.o/'\u.~ Keller, L., & Atl i"""", R.C. (1968), Ma»<d , .. djstribulcd practi«: in """'f'OteriJ;C(i . )'<lIi"& drill •. )0"""'/ ,if F.<I""~I;''''''' P.ycloo{''rl. 59. 29().296. · RCfl"irot«l in: RC. Atl io,,", & ItA. Willon (Ed .. ) (1969). C"""",,,,.lIllis,,J In","C1ioo: II /Jooi:. of

N,~d;.g" NY: Academ;,; Pre ... ] ,~

s..,ppc •. P .. lofiu, . E.F .. 8: """"""'. M. (1969). _.m ..... ""J "" • """'f'O, .... N>W T.Ic<)'J'O, f;duro/"""'{ 51.,1;" ;. Mdlh"",,,",,, 2. I·)S. · RcJ>rint«l in: Ii Fhhbcin '" Ii Ro,u (E<k.) (1971). InlYuami",u{ M,,"''''''jc ;n UunM C"",,"""""'''''.

R"" ....... ' I>ditU'" Did><licc ,i f'eJ.>l!"g;';l. ,m

W, ... E F, & F«<:<I""",. J.I.. ()9"l0). 00 ptC<I;,;,",& e"",""ined . .. ""i ... , f",m Io>ng'lCm, mo,,,,,,),. Ps)drnnomk Sci"''',", 19. JS7.JS!I.

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' " ._"""'.... " ....

LofIL», E,F,. Fr<e<lman, I.L , '" LofI"" G.R. (1970), Re,ne .. 1 of wonk from ........ din"'" and "'!'<f'(Jt(b .. ,. ' Ol.gone, in ........ '" hi<,.",h;es. p,></o"."",i< .I'd,,,,,", 21. 235·236.

LofI ... E.F. (1970). " " """I)"'i. oflh, >11' .... "",,1 ""riaM" Ihdi d,'moi"" proh/mt soMlIg d'"jfICulry on ~ n""l"",,-bw<ll T,/"y~. 0<><1"",' Di, .. " Olion. Sunfon! Uni' .... "y, Also. In"""", for Matho""''''.1 Stu~;e. in ,ho Social Sci<", ... Te<:!Ini<. 1 Repot! No. 12;,. De<e",t>e, 18. 1970,

,m I~.edm • • . I.L, '" Lof, ... F._F. ( 1971). Relne,'. 1 of ~<>n!. ftOm "'OJ·te,m mel""'Y, )"u,,,,,1 o/\'~"",I u~ming and V,mallkhal'iO/", 10. 107· 115.

I.<J{, ... E,F. & Schoff. R.W. (1971 ~ C ... gun .. ,;on nor"", for fifty "'presenllli"e ,n"an«$, )""",a/ 0/ /jl"'ri",,",a/ P,>'choi,,!Y M"",,!Nl{>h. 91. 355·36--1.

I.<J{, ... E F, ( 1~71 ~ .\'emory fO/" ,nte"'"''': Th. eff.." of pre>O""e ofa ,oo .. ~ i .... rpol .. e.t "","';'y. P"dtnno .. k Sci",,",, 23. 31 5·316.

1?72 I.<J{, ... E,F. & Suppes. P. (1972). 5 ,,,,.,u,"1 "an"''', ,ho, o.Iote"" '''' p«>I>Iem_SQl"ng Mfoco"l,)' in

romputer_,hled in""""ioo. )"""",1 of£d"cllliorul P,ychoio!y, 63, 531 ·542, I.<J{, ... E F, & F<tC<Iman. J.L. Eff.." of .... gory ........ fteGoo""y on ,he speed of .... m'nJ on ,n"OR« of

the c.legory, )0"'""/ of V,rbal /Laming ,,,,d V,rbal Briwl-w" II. :J.iJ.3~7 . I.<J{, ... E.F, & Suppe • . P. (1972). S' '''''u,"1 van"''', ,ho, o.Iotenn ,,,. "'e 'peC<! cf ... , ....... ;ng ~""" f..,.,

Iong.,.rm memory. )""ma/ ofV"b.aI /Lamins dud Vrrb.allkha,-w" II. nfJ. n7, I.<J{, ... f,F, (I~n~ N"",.,. 0<lje<;1"'" . nd .. manti< memory. ), .. m,d of fjp.-n·",,",a/ PS)d.,,~,V-. 96.

21J.2IS. ,m

I.<J{, ... E.F, (1~73). C" eJ"'Y OOoni .... nce. ,n"....,. <Iomin"""". ,.-.,! ... eg",;"'"'" " ... , /"""",1 ,,{ fjl"'ri_",a/ I',>'choi,,!,'. 97. 70-74.

I.<J{, ... f,F, & Gtohor. ".H. (1973). R",,,":tl f""n .. n",",'" memory l»' yOll"& child",,,. v.-.·,I'l''''''nlui 1',, 'ChaI"JI)', 8, 3 10.

I.<J{, ... E,F. ( 1~7J~ Ac.,' .. ion of .. m • .-.i< ",".,.-y_ Am,,,,,," ), .. muJ 'f P,><Io,j,,~,-, 8;,. 33 1·337, LofI ... E,F, ( 1973). T uchinB )'<'Ung childrrn "'"" l<> US< a romp<J,or.Nsc-d Td.,)'lI< as a des!< ",k.lalor.

/Hha,';"",/ R"",,,,*, "'"hod, altli I ... ,,,,,,,,",,,,i.,... 5. 2().1·208, ,m

LofI ... E.F. &: Bolton, M. (1974). Rerri<"al of •• peronl i ....... 00 SlJbonli",,'e •. }""",ai of t:xprri",,",a/ 1',,'(-10,,1<'11-)'. «l2. 121·124.

LofI ... E,F, &: Lon.,. G.R. (1974). Changes in memory """".'" and «'1,-;., .. 1 <>'lor ,I>< COO"" cf ",,,,,,,,,ion, ),,"""'/ 'ifF..t..c..I;""U/ Psy<hcI"ID'. 66. 3 15·318. GrobeI'. E.1I. &: Wt.,. E.F. (1974). Semantic """""'l': Searching for .urioote> ,,= ",.,.chinS for

....... AI,"",,)"und C,'S"i'um. 2. 41 3-116. I.<J{, ... E,F. & I(e .. ing. J.P. (197~. N",·ember). The ro),ch<>logy cf e"Ie'W'''''~ rom,,",n"'''i<on •.

I'r""uding' of,h, Im''''''';OIIa/ C01t{,,,ncr on f ';'" s"JrI)' in //igh Ri" lJuilding'. I.<J{, ... G ,!!. & LoI1.,. ".f. (1974). 'The ,nfiue",. of one memory «'Iriev.1 on • ,ul><eqoo .. ,..,ri., .. I,

AI,mOl")" ~nd Cog"ilion, 2. 467-471. I.<J{, ... E.F, (1~7~). On «>oJ;ng lite role prin,. (JuI.1f,rly )"""",1 'f f; 'I"ri'"'!muJ p')'(Ion/,'I!)" 2;" 324, Freedman. J.L '" LofI .. , E.F. (1974). Relri< .. 1 or .. <>rd. rrom ,,'dl·kamed .... , )"""",1 <-( t:xprri"",,'ai

1'",-10,,1<'11-)". «l2. 1085-1091. LofI ... E.F. &: Col<. w. (1974). R<1ri<>"'g .,tribo'e and ",me inrorma'"", from ",rnald'" "",n.,.-y, ), .... '" ,(f j l"ri'"'!"'ul p"Or<,j"lY. «n. " 16·1122.

LofI ... E,F .. Wi~>l<n, S .. '" AbeISO/\, R.P. (1974). U,ing "'''''''''''' memory '0 find ,~, •• crea'e • woo;I, M'"""'i~nd C,'S"iru",. 3. ~79..j8J.

LofI ... E.F, &: Palmer. I.C. (1974~ R«:ooSlI\K1"", or au,omobile tksIructi<on: An c'"mplc or the ildor_ ac<"", b<t .. '.cn language and memory. )0""",1 ofY,rbal u"",ing "nd y,,,,,,1 Briwl·ior. 13. 585·589 . . i!tpri"'«1 ,n: N.i' .... U. (f..4.) (19112) M,,..,.., O/J,,,,yJ. S .. Fro ... ,,,,,,: F .... m ...

Pete, E. MOOTi, &: M . Coo .... y (Ed •. ) (19\13) Thr /"""",Ii""a/ lJb"'ry <-{Crilirui Wrilinl!' in

p')"'/o"''SJ, AI'''''H). NuN'ttJr~"~"6'I/fOR PUBLIC RELEASE

. , 7 ._"""'_ .... " .. ..

LofIL», E,F .. ScIKkl>, J.w .. &: Turlikuub, S. (197~~ The m.kvaJ 0( phor>ctkally simil .. and dissimilar <""SOI)' n"'m ..... A ..... ;.,~" ),."n'" ,1 "')Th,~"V-. 8'1. S7.I)3,

LofI ... E.F. (1974). R=nslJUc1i"l! m<"""Y' The iocrroibk <),<"-i'"",,, P.ychology Toda)'. 8. 116-119. · i!tprin,O<i ,n,

Jur;,"""k, J" .. """. I~. I 'fin. 118·193. 1h, G .. d""",i Pos'. lanuary 21. 1975 . .0.""",,1 t;,ti,i,,,,,.- II"",!;"!, i" p"n.a'''lJ 1Y/6. GoMOtd. Cf: f.loolJ""in Publi,h,nJ Group, 1975, 5000"" Ln..-,'". ), I 'fIS, 38·S I. 1'",</o,>I,,,i, /I,UI" April. I 'fI5. NoW, !'coolt. (Ed.) (1975). P"" .. ", a~",'''''''' in bulin,,,: 1i .. ~Jin8" prohImu, aoJ (X,il'irk"

OIi<ago, In"i.". of,"n""'i>1 Educ .. .,n. PoIIt:. OffIC'" ;""",,,,. 1916. I, R. S"",,"m &: I. 1I>oJar (E<II..) (19n). C.imi.,.J ju"ic .. .- TIl. """a" ""d ,h .. "",i"". I'><i(", I'>li .. <Ioo,

CA: Pali>a<k, Publi"'CI>. p, Ounco &: T.G. lIarri, (1991)) n...11,,, 'f p»,</o,""lJ Tad"J. No ... Yorl< : McC", ... lIill,

LofI ... E.F. (1974). Ro-i<w of Undsay and Norm .. •• flu"",n Information f'rocr,.jnJ. Joomal <f p,)dtr>linS"'''ic /i""' ft:h. J. 180-18-4.

1975 LofIL», E,F, (1975). uading ",,«<ion< and the <)1:~-i'nc: .. '<poIl. Cupi'i, ... P,)"ChoioV', 7, S60-S72.

· i!tprin ,O/, S;-Imi,,,,, i" p,yrl"""lJ. 2nd E~ .. r."ijol1n. T. I' .. F.d, (19'/6) Madi..,.,. WI: Ou,hkin Publishing.

· i!tprin,O<I<II. R,,"'. NI: Pr<ntic<: flail. 115·123.

CoII,n,. A,M. &: I..,n" ~ E.F, (I 'fI5). A ,p-eadinJ ""i .... 'ion 'heo<y of sem.nbc (:WO«$S,nJ, P,)t:h,~"giN/ RI'I-;""'. S!, 401·428.

LofI ... E.F. &: Zanni, G. (1975). E)'<witllCM "'''imooy: TIl< infiu<oco of ,he ~'Ol'din8 ofa que>Ooo, 8,.JI"in ,fiN, I' 'l-(I.,,,,,,,"ic :;,,,,--;,.,,. 5. 86-811_

K<.oinS. J,p, '" LoIIu" E.F. (I 'fIS). Propk <01< in fire <m<,!<oc;"'-!")'<t-.oIosi<.I~" Bostoo, Mo: Soo;i.,yof Fire PrOl«li"" EnJi,..,. ... T..,hn;col lI.pm 75·4, p 1·12.

LofI ... E.F .. Ahm ... D .. '" 0<"'"1<, R. (1975). Effec" of 'l"cstloni"l! u('OO • ,,·ilness·. l.ocr ,«<>Ikc,iom, ;, .. "'''' 'f I',~iu Sri-"n" and Mmini"""i,,,.. 3, 162·1(:6,

LofIL». E,F, (1975). Retri< •• 1 from •• "no .. ;" m<"""Y: Some tlata and 0 modd, In T. S,OIa' '" D. Wi .. cr (E4~~ f,,,,,.,-,f "'"..'" ,( «>gO iii,,, 1'''''''''''' (V~umo 22 of C. Coos '" j, 11 ... ,ou" ( f.<ls,). Uc'~'" ""~, in romp."" ... ;",,-..1. Be~in ' Sp'ingcr.v<~ag.

I.<J{, .... E,F. (1975~ Sp«ading ""in,,,,,, ,"'i'hin .. """"i< < ... g"' ..... ),,"'''''/ <f f;",..n'",,",a/ P'ld% tJ,: Gm",,f, 1(1.1. 2l.J.24(}.

Kasp.-<y k. D .• Montano, D.E., '" Loftus, E.F. (I 'fIS). Effec' of kadin! ""<,,ion> 00 juror', .. rdict,. J.n"",,";n J, .. ","', 16, 48·~ I. (Amo.;;." lilt A,,,,,,i",,,,,, J""maT do")"~ '0 ",,;once and ,h. la ... ).

LofI ... E.F. (1975. Ami 4). Ey<,,-i'n<>s ","imooy: Doc. the ... llc.bk hum ... ""'mot)' in'mere with Iog.al j""i<o~ no,. /)uil)'. Uni"",i'y of W .. h",g.,.,. - i!tprintO<i in: S<rial Ac,i"" aOO Ih, u"", N",',I"'~,. 2. S·9.

I.<J{, ... E F, (1975, Octobe.). E)'<" 'itn .... ""g<l :;'",oJinK', 1'1'- )2·37. LofI ... E.F, ( 1975). I!".i<w of Norman'" Rumclfw1', Explora,lon, In Cosni'lon. A ... ,ic"" J"""",I <f

1'.)</0,>1<'8)'. 1\8. 691·694. ,~.

LofI ... E,F, (1976). Fcd<flll "'8ula'lon" Make the punish""'n' fi, ,he <rim<. xi,"ct', 191,521 ILead «btl)ri. II,

LofI ... E.F, ( 1976). Orpnizatlon <1 r<Cllpcrati<>n do l" inform.,1on sur I<' .. ,ribtJ" <11<, nom, Organi,,..."," ""~ mne,'al of " .. "t>.<,. " no;! n""", inf",.,,,,,,,, I. In S, EM;;h and E, Tul,.;ng (Wo,). IA _moi ... u"",nliq"". H,.JI"i .. d~ P.,cholofl~. 61;1·75.

I.<J{, ... E,F, (1976), U""",,,",,,,,,,, I"".r.«nce ,n .)~,"'i' .... ;,jon"r", .. .,n. ,..,., and 1',,,<100/,,,), ~I'i ... '. 2.93.\18.

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Milkr. D,G. & Lofiu~ E.F. (1976). Innucndng ""'mory for p<:<>pI. and 'heir .... ioo •. !Jullclin oflhc P,)n.,""' .. k s<.n.IJ". 7. 9-11.

"" LofI ... E.F, ( 1m). Shining human roIo< ""'mory. Mc""")' ""d C"8ni1w... S. _fh9. Ko .. in~. I,P, & LofIu •. E..~ .. ( I 'fI1). Voc,l ,I.,m ')~"'" for high_rise t>u il~ing .... <as< ..... dy, Mn» f:""I'"nru-" 2, 2S-J.l.

Lof, ... E,F, ( 19n~ Sh(OW '" <01"h , >;<1>", ,n ,."",n," ""'''''''Y, In R, Shaw & I, 13, ... fool (bh.~ Pm" Mng. acting, 000 i:J!""";ng: l'o~ywJ An Ecological PSJ"cAo/"fY' 1l ,llsdak, NI: Law",DC< ErlbwJm A"""i"o~

LofI ... E,F, (19n). Follin of .m""",i ...... ion, Soc;,,>, l3. 21 ·24. Lof, ... E F, ( 19n). !.lye ... i,n ..... pons: f'>.)~tooiogi<.1 foaors .n..! o,!"t" ,,,, ',,..,.y, In P,ycl",JoV"""

/h, /i#glJlion I!roc",. Toronto, Ca .. <b: t.. .. , Society of UppcrC.nada, LofI ... E.F. & Col<. w. (1977). A cen'ury of .,oo&", IA ",.i< .. ' of ~kycr, R, E.. Think;", 000 probIcm

,,>I";ng Gk",;o .... II.: St:<o<, F.,....n",n & Co .. 19771, C"",~H'r'''r p')"""/''rJ. 22,691-692. ,m

Lof, ... E F .. Mill .... o,G .. & 1:1., ... IIJ. (197$). 5<m, .. 'o< ,nlOWatioo of vem.1 infonnati", in,o' vi ... 1 me"""Y. Jo"mal off:"",i""nlal P,>clwiolJY: IIt"""n /.romin! and Memo,y, 4. 19-3 I, . Reprin'«I in :

Groo •• R,D. ( 1990) K'Y SJudI" in PsycAo/<>g)'. London: Ilodd<r & S'ough"'" Publi"",... Shank •. O. ( 1991). 11"_ M",,,,,)'." A ,rotk,. I..",""": Amol<! (NY: 5,. M.",n·, I'fc,,). p, 91_107. 13010<,. D,A. & M ........ E. I. (:!O().l) Cogn",,~ Psy<l'w>l<>gy: Koy R .. 'hng~ NY: f'>.),<tooiol)ll'fc ... p

30\1·320 0>10. P,S .. Lo" . .. !.l.F .• & R"'ht>.ln. L. ( I 'fI~). The inO""DC< of ,he f,,",," of ,he ",,0""'" '" ,he

.)'<'witntl> «"imoor of p",,",,...,1 "hild",n. I_mal of Ps)"cAO/inS.i"'ic /V"om., 7, 2t1)·277. Go",Ct. N .. ](o"in~. I.P .. & Lof,",. F..F. ( 197l1~ 1)e'~loP"'<f'II of cO<lc<! O""''i<""y .1,,.,,... 'h""'&h ,,<>nt

aMOCiati"" wls. Bidl"in <f 1It~ 1',)"CItano .. ic Socm)', Il. 139-140. Lof, ... E,F. ( 1978~ M<mory. In G. l.ino;l>;<y. C. 11.11. & R.E 11>00""",", P,)<h""'II)". NY' W""h

Publishcn, GronCt. N,E.. Lon.~ E..f .. & ]« 01;"1. I.C. (197l1~ Dlhn& nu .... blo«: Toilorin8 pmgra"'" to fit hun,,.

bch"'ior. HruIHlal,. S2 (Ioomal of'he A"",ric." 11",,",.1 A>soci.,oo). III · lIS, S"gol. I.M, '" Lon.,. E..f . ( 191$). I"'poel of an,"'y .nd hf< SI .... on <y<"",,,,,,, ""',,..,.y, Hall,,;n ,I lit, p')'Chottomic Soc;''>'. 12,419-180-

FIShman. o.B. '" LofIu" E.F. (1978). E.'pc" '<>I;,nony on <yC'O' i'n<>. i<lro.if",.,ion, w.o. and P. ydtoloIJY R ... -i",·. 4. S7-I03.

IIsi<. R" Lan.man, R .. & W,u •• !i.E (1978). E),< .. ·iln"" !<>I imony: The danger> of guessin" 'uri"",nc. J''''mal. 19. l..s.

LofI"" E,F, (1978~ Thr<. form. 01 impaired m<mori<~ (A ",.icw of A.R, Luria. no- ~urop,)doIOJ>' ,1M,,",,,,.. W .... in8'".. DC: V.H. W, .. ,,,. '" 5<:0> .. 197(,), C"n1~I"''''ry P,y<-b"J''rJ. 23, 1-2.

M.d.",d. C.M. & Lofiu .. E.E (1978). M<mori<s at< made of this" . (A ",.icw ofC,N, Cof •• (Ed,). Th< 51""" ... of it.' .... n Mon",oy. San F,.""i",o: F .... ,,"'". 1976). C""""'I"'''''Y p,,'CbnJ(!8)". 23.71).71 .

ww.. E,F, (1978). Ikvicw of I. r oo&". no- Ih,ylO[>mml <f M"",in, . (B";>tol, G",Ol Britain: lohn Wrigho & Son •. LtoJ. AI,.,. NY: John W,loy '" Sons. I", .. 1977). Mod,,,, i.<mg""gt: J""",,</. LXII, 80-

". "" Lof, ... E,F. & F ..... I.F. (1979~ Inf""""ed OOtIS<n, "",y be t.oanlo>i. to yoo' ho.l,h. Sd,,,,,," , 20-1. II.

(kad «IitOOal). R<print«l ",,,, .. 1 ,i"",. (Rq'Y: Scintc<, 1979, 2OS. (,.14·6-17), Lof, ... E F, ( 1979~ Tbc nullo..,il.y ofh.",,,,, n","""I'. A .... ,;,-an Sc;,n,;" , 67. 31 ::·320, R'pri"'ed ",.rnd 'i ........

""' .. '.,... P.A .. Ar..lriki.. H". & LofI.,. E..F. ( I 'fI9). Tho <ye"'''''''' ' """""" of fo",,1<0 ,n~ malo •. Joomal <f ,,"ppli,d l'')"CAoIolIJ', 6-1, 339-341.

Lof, ... E,F, (1979). 11<"",;., .. 'n bI, ,,n,ly <oo,tOd'o<tot)I ' nf ....... 'ion, M",,,"Y and C"I!n;,;"", 7, 368-374.


. , 7 ._"""'_ ...... .. ..

Frio,. I.F. & loft ... Il.F. (1979~ Inf<>rm<d oons.<nl: lIi8'" or rite? CQ-A Cd,.ur )_maljor a;nkian~ 19.31(,,318.

Gentner. D. &: loftu,. E.F. (1919). InlCgr.llion 0( >'<rbal and '-;"",1 ;nform.IOoo as cvid<ncrd by ~jSl""i(HIS in p;c, ..... mem"'T A-:riron )"" ..... 1 <if P,y(;/ .. ,J''rJ. 92. ~J.37~. Lo(,,,,. E.F. (1919). 1 .......... :< o .. h·.~i'io& """ iu'l' .~._. A"'m·«.., 11;" A,,,,,,,i,,,;,,n )""mal. 65. 6IPl).

Colo. W.G. & LoIIu,. E.F. (1979). locOlJlO"l1in& n< ... information i .. o m<mory. Amnkan )ou""'/ of P",'h"h'r)·. 92. 41 :HH.

Iii lion.!. Ii. & loft",. Ii.F. (1919). Effmi ... inlCm>galioo of ,I>< e)"<",i'""", """"",;ona! )_ma/ of Oinka/ O,.J f~I",.i .... ",,,II/J"""';" 21. 342':151,

Loll",. Ii,F, (1919). Word> thal <"OII1d .. '''' your life. P~'cItolOfJJ ToduJ. 13. 101·110. 1~·137. Lo( ..... E F, (1919). Ey .... i'n ..... liol'lity. It.v"'" 0( no" P'J</o"''rJ of p" ,,,,, /J''''ifj'Q'i,,,, by a .lt ,

Clifford &: It. 8.11, Scimu. 205. 38;"387. Lo(,,,,. E.F, (1919). Revi<'" of S,,<,,,,I PW:lwi''rJ in C""" by .\1. S>1', & II, 1IU1;'. CliniNl /.(1M'

/1.,,10"". 3. 31 ·33. ,,,. Lo(,,,,. E F, & M(HIIO/I ... I. (1980). Tri.1 by d ... : Ps),clk>loP<ol .... an:h .. kg.1 .vi<le<>cc. A ..... kan

P,,'CI>r>/ogiJl, 35.270-283. Lo(,,,,. E.F, (1980). In'ft'lCl of "re" p')'e""lo&ical , .. ,,, ..... y "" ,I>< uo .. Ti.b,h,y Qf ')"'''''''''''

iokn'ilkatioo. )oumal of Al'pliro P,)"cholOf)' 56.9.15. !.<If,,,,. E,F, (1980). A'<o>hol. nuriju""" . nd me..-.,oy. P,)'Chob'rJ' To",,,> 13. ~2-~6. n Loll",. G, R. &: wtus. !i.F. (1980). Vi,ual percep'ioo: The "'illin8 dom.in of discoo"", 1M /J,,,", ;oro/ """ R",in !ki,~". 3. 391-)92.

Loll",. Ii,F, (1980). Ps)"<holo&ical "1""" of <ounroom , ... ' imony. In F. Wrigh'. C. 8.m. & R, W. lliobef (Ed~~ f,,,,.sK I'»"C/o,I,,,,. 0"" p.y<h"",,.. NY: 1'1 .... yo><\: Ac><lemy Qf 5<'.ences.

Lo(,,,,. E,F, & loon.,. G.II. (1980). 0. ,h. rem",n • ...,. of ,,<n<! ,nf')nn,n;.,n ;0 th. human !><a;o . ....... rkan I'.ychologist. 35. oI09·~20. --Reprin 'N ." ItQne<Ok. It .P. (F.d) (1994) I",,,,,,,,,,,,.,. rwJ;n"f'" C''rn;'i, ... P,y(;/",I''rJ. "nd F.d

Guilfoo.!. CT: DtI,hkin l'ubl;'hing G"",p In< .. Chop'er 12. p 1136-130 Lo(,,,,,. E F, (1980~ Tho e)",,,';'o ... on 'till. TriQI. 1980. II>. 30-35. 80-81. 6",n<l«l ,"' ... .,. ,n I . Tay",," (Ed,). R~I /)".,401""'"" ;" 1M UI'" <1 /i ,-jJmc<. Vanroo .. r. Bu"e,"''''''''.

!.<If,,,,. E.F, (1980). l . nguage .. ~ memotioe, ,n ,h. jtw.!ic;.1 .ystem, 10 It, Shuy & A, Sh ..... 1 (Ed~). U,"8""1I" "" ~nd Ih, "''' ofl""~"D8' (I'!'. 257·21>8). W..runS'on. OC: Geortctown Unh"";ty Pre ... Lo(,,,,. E,F,. G .... n •. E,. 01\ S.ru'h. K.lI. (19110). Ito ... ""'1'" ,he meaning of ];f.'! R,dl,,;. ,i 'hI" I'.,dtonomk Soci<I)'. 15. 282·28-4.

Lo(,,,,. E,F. & Gtt< .... E. (1980~ W.""n&, 1;"'0 "",n>O<}" rOt f"" .. noay be _".gion •. IA.' an" 1I",""n &OO"io.-. 4. 323·334.

Greene. Ii. . M.OOer. M .• &: loftu~ E.F. (1 9110). Wi'n<',;a to fi~, In n_",Ia"J 1/"""," &oo,·ior. Wosh;ngmn. OC: Open .... am;ng F; ... Se"'ic< l'rofI",m.

Loll",. Ii.F. &: Gr«n<. Ii. (198O~ Revic", ofTh< P,)"choioC'of /i)"~;I"'" T'JlilnOll), by A.D. Yarmey, The 1' .... Pre ... 1979. )""",,,1 ,ifCrimi.aI J."iet". ~. 26-1-266.

,~,

Lo(,,,,. E F, (1~81). Recon".""" ',,, men>O<}" p<oc< ... , ,n e)'.~';' ..... te,,;morty. In R.D. Sal .. (Ed.~ no" lri~1 {>I'OC<" (pp. 115·144). NY, I'knu", I'rn<.

C .... n •. E. & !.<Ifl"'. EY. (1981) Oi "ortioo. ,n 'Y' .. '"0,,, memo<y. 0; ..... ;,"'-, ;n p'J~(lV' Pi>< ... y. 1'11: Pro 5<i< .. ;0.

Loll",. Ii,F, &: Scat. G.R. (198 1). Me"",,)". Yrorlxx>lc ofSd,nCt" and T<ehnolOfJ)". NY: MeG",,,, 11011. K •• "ns.I,P. & Loll ••. E.f. (1981). The logic of r. ... ""'re, P'J"-"~J Tudo)". 15. 14-19. Loll",. Ii.F, ( 1981). N.nrral .nd unn:r,u",1 <"OSni'ion. COBn"ioo, 10. 193·196. !.<If,,,,. E.F, (1981). Ey."';' .... T .. "."""y: Ps),e""lo&icll 1I ... ..,h and [.epl Th<.>ug"'. 10 M. Ton,}, &

N, MorTis (Iid<,). C.i .... andjwliu-..... annual my ... ' of ,,,,am. (Vol. !II . pp, 10:'1·151), Chic'SO: Un;".,,;ty nfChic.go Pre".


• I " .... lb .... -" ._"""'. .........

LofI .. , E,F, (19.81). Montalm<llJ>ho<is: AII<""i.on. in memory pr<><Iu=l by ,he men",1 bondins ofTICW "'form.>Ji.on tn <>Id. In I.R. I"ng . nd A.D. l.Ioddol.y (EtIs,). A",nl;,,,, ",,,I ~if<"'""nc,. IX. lIillS<bI •. NI: Erlbum.

I.<J{, ... E,F. ( 1~81). II .... )' •. !lear )~. (R.,lew '" A,k, n""" I.M. & Ott"'. P. 0nIer ,n Coo,,: Th. Otgoni'-al'" of V.mal 1"'.""'1"", in Ioclieial 5<",OJ:" AII.n'ic lIighl.nd .. NI: 1I""""i,le. ~ 19~), Con"'"poro"1I'.,dooJog)" 26, I~ 1 · 1~2.

C .... n •. E, & I.<J{, ... F..F. ( 1~81 ~ no, p<""".pet<.i,,",,, inf",,,,,,,.,.,.~..,... [R .. ·"'" "'1I .. ,i. eo .1, (Ed .. )), 1'""," "''''''''Y' Er1baum, 1980). C""'mopornr,. I',),cho/uf)' 26. 1~3·1~5.

1'1112 Mon .... n. l. & LofIu,. EF. (19.82). no, l")"hoIoV- 0( I ..... ,1""""111",;',,, of h ycho/uJ)', 33. 4~1 "'75. I.<J{, ... E F, ( 1~82). R.memb.nng ,",,"'" .,perien.:es, In IS. c.,,,,,,, (Ed.). lI""",n AI""",,-~""

... m .... ' .... , IHilsdak, N. ; Er1baum. Penrod. S" LofI ... , E .. & Winkkf, I. ( 1982~ Th< reliabili'y of <y"wi'n<" '<>Iimony. A I"ycoologicol

pe""",,,il'O. In R. l:\ ... y .n~ N. "'.tt (b:ls.). no,. hych""~J'if I~ C"."T(~"". NY: Acodem", ........ Greeno. E. ~lynn. M,S .. '" loft ... , EF. (1982), In~ciOJ: mi,"""" '0 mi.lcodin! informa""", J"""",I if V..to"llA~ml"S _ V"to"llkhu>';'". 21. 207·219.

LofI .... E.F, ( 19.82). Momory and its di,toni.on •. In A.G, "'rau, (Ed,). G, SJ"nlq 1f,II1 1.«",,,, (PI" 123· 154~ W. sIIingl"". PC: American Po)~hoIolio:al A .. n.

LofI .. , E,F, & Ilall. I).F. (19.82). ,\kmory change. in <Y''''i''",,' aoc<>Un". In A, Tranl<cll (Ed,~ IIm_m.ol"! 1"- p"" (pp. 189·203). S""'koolm: PA N."....do & S<ln ••

OcIT<nboch<f. K.A. & W1U'. E F. (1982). Do jU'OfU"'" 0 ronmon unolm'andins <ooccming .)'.~· i' .... !leh.,;<>r':' I",w _11._ Ikhm';(K. 6. 15-lO,

LofI .... E,F, ( 19.82). Im<1'",,"ing <) .... ,i''''' ..... ,00<1 ",,«<ions and bad, In R,M, Iloganh (Ed.) , N"" Jlrt<tl""'fi" .... ,Io"J'~"ID· if "",WI ~"" ",,",,,.;,,,,,, ~: 0'''';'",/'''''';''& (IIIJ ""I""'~ ""''''''''0' (pr. ~ I {(3). SaIl franc,,,,,,: I<.".y.l:\o.,",

ScO'Crancc. LJ. & loftu" EF. (1982). Improving ju"",' .bilill<> '0 romprehend and apply criminal j.ry "',,""',., .... I"",' ~"" $<",1<1)' IIn';" .. -. 11. 153·19'1.

LofI .... E,F, & Bum" T.E (1982) . .\I<mal >hoc k con rroa.« """"~ om"",ia, M"",,"1 and COlP'i'ioo. 10.318·323.

LofI .... E.F, & 5<' .. ra",,<. L l . (1982). Improving ju'Y in"""'","", W",hint'on SIaU /kr, Jounwi, loly, 16-1~,

Greeno. E '" LofI ... , E.F. (19.82~ Eye .. ·i'",," ,<stimony: ConstnK1i ... pro«S><' in h.m"" ""'''''''Y, In A40"...-" I" 1''l .. h,~,'ID· (Vol. I). v,n""", ... PA: 1'toSc'oo .. i •. In<

LofI .... E,F. & B<a<ft, L R. (1982). Human inkreoc" andju<lJ!m<n1: I, Ihc gl a .. half empty or h.lff.1I? SI"'lfi>ld I""", R"u,.,. 34. 901·918.

,~

LofI .. , E,F, (19.83). Misfortu"" of ""'''''''Y. I'hilo!fO/lioico/ T",,,,,,,,,i<Jnj of'~ 110,<11 Soc;" '-' london, lO2.413-121.

LofI .... E,F. (19113). Silo""" ;, .... soId<n. A_rirun P,,-ch<>i"llisl, 38. ~(H.~72.

I.<J{, ... E,F. ( 1~8J~ w..,.. ,,,,,,,,,,," i, ,,,,,,lI<eol" A_,kun P'J"('/oJ~"l;'" 38. ~76-~77, LofI .... E,F, & .\Iart..rgc •• W. (19113). SilK"< ,he <lUpli.on 0( Mo. St. Ild<n" uk! an)'Oll" to< .. you 0p?

I" 'p""'inllhc >O<"""'Y 01 "" .... pe<:'li'~ «pori' ,,"'Hh I.ndolor\: .'~n,,, M<",,,,,- ~d C''!I'';I;on. H. 110\.120.

I.<J{, .. , E.F .. M ............ \1 .. &: "'.""n,. J.P. (19113). Rewll«:1'.on 01 n.,u"li,.;,; ","n,,, (;on,." .nhance"'.", ,~""' "",,,,i'," coo;ng. II"""," u.,ming. 2. 8J·n.

LofI .... E,F .. K«<ham. K.E (19113). The .... I!<abil i'y of ey ... ,i' .... o<roont,. In S,M.A. Lloyd. 80Sl.,ck & l:\, R. ClilT"'" (Ed., ~ t\",.",ln& W;ln,>.< £"iJ..ncdpp. I ~7'112), 1_: Wiley,

LofI .... E.F, ( 19113) . .\Iomory. TN W",ld 800k u("yd"",di" (Vol. 13. PI' 318-320), Chicago; WOOd Book, loc.

K<";ng. I,P .. loftus, E F .. '" Manbcr, M. (19113). Em<lg<n<y "",".a''''''' ~rin, foort: Po)"hoIogical ",,"~<I<fao" .... In R_F. "'i<l<l & ~I . I. Sak, (F.4I,). Ad,,,,..,., ;" ,,",'p/ld $<><:411 P.'-,cIo,("I!Y (Vol 2, pp. 113· 99).IMlsdak: Erlb.aum.


. , 7 ._"""'_ .... ,. .. ..

UNCLASS IFIEDlIfDR P UBLIC RELEASE

LofI .. , !l,F,. Goodman. I., &: Nagalk in. C. (1983). !l>Wll inin, ,,·i, .. .10<, •• ""'" ad,icc . nd bad, In RJ, M",,,," &: R.J, C,.doo.l (I><Ii.~ Comma";",';,,,. Ss"fl~K;" ;n ,~ P'I'CI<'c~ <if1"'M)m'n8 (1'1'. 29Z·lI7~ Annand.k. V A: Sp«<h Co.mooni"",ion A""",i",ion.

I.<J{, ... E,F. &: G= ... E. ( 198J~ Re,ie'" "'··R""."..,,,,,,,ing ... I"y in ,he "." .. "" .,m .. )"um(l/ nf C,imi""l1_ ~nd C.imi""~'!r. H 31 >lUl.

,~

H.II. D,F. &: I.<J{I ... !l.F. ( 1984~ Tho fot. of "",n",'Y: Di""",',""I, "",Ioome.!? In N. 1\0>",,,, &: L. Sq.i .. (Edo.~ ,",u"""'~r of /oI'mory(I'I" 25-32), NY: Gu ilford Pre ...

C ....... E, &: I.<J{, ... E_F. ( 1984~ Wh .... ,,"win ,he n.w,? The inn ... "", of ",,,11 pobli<iad n.",', ""nt, 00 p>ycholosi<>l """arch .nd "","room ,ri.l>. &.ic aNi AppIi.d Seriall',,,:!,,,/o,,-, 3, 211·221, $0,,,,,,,,,,,. W. &: (.(I~u .. E,F. (1984). ImptOVing erimi",,1 IU$11«: Mlkingjury in""",,",,,,, .nd=tandable r", A"",rican i.ron. '""ma,i_u "",i'M' tf AWU,d p,)-cM/,,>!'-, ]3,97·1 19,

LofI .... !l.F" LofIL», C,R.. &: lI .n" E.B. (1984). Broadbe ... ·• Mall<>.< ern .. ""'mory model: Something ""'- ""',"'hing n ..... ,.,.,..,hi", "",,,,,,'«1 . ..,,,,,,,hing 'ni"ing_ Th<' (k1o;n,;"",1 .,0/ Brn;" So',,,,,,,, 7. 73·74,

$0,,,,,,,,,,,. 1.... G<e< ... E .. &: l.onus, E.F. ( 1<)&.1). To"'",,, <rim"ul IU'Y ,n$1'ocr"'" ,hOlj""'" ,"n .nd=tand. )010"",1 <fC.; .. ;nal w... aNi Crimi"dosr. 7S. 198·233.

I.<J{, ... E.F, &: o.,';os. G.M. (1984). Di"Ottions ,n 'h' """""'Y of "hi\<lren. )"""",1 <ifS.~;al J.=~,. 40. 51-67,

GoOOn,",". I. &: l.of,.,. E.F. (19$4). Soci. 1 science look, .. " 'i' .... , .. ,nin"Oon, T,;(I/. 2(),52'H, LofI .... !l,F. (1984). Eycwi'n<>>d: E""n,ial "'" .nreliable. P,,-cM/,,>!Y Today. 18 (Feb.), 22·26-W.II,. G.L. &: (.(I~u .. E_F. (1984~ Ey.""" ........ =h: Then ""d ,." ... In G.l, W.II, &: E F. LoI' ...

(Ed .. ). E)Y"M';"'''' ]'''.'""",,': p')-Ch%firuJ P~"P«';"" (1'1" 1·11). NY: C. mbridge Univc";ty Pre ... H.II. D,F .. (.(I~u .. " .F .. &: Tw,;",. ",. 1.1'. (1<)&.1). """· .. "n, ,nf",n",,""" .n~ """ngel ;n rewllwi<>n f",

• "",.",1 .,,,n,. In G, I._ W.II, &: E.f. I.<J{, ... (F.o:ls.). "-".M-"""" T~";"""'r. P'J-.:ft<",~;caI P,"fW';''''' (W. 124· 141 ~ NY: Cambridg< Un;",";,y Prc.s.

I.<J{, ... E,F. ( 1984). " .pen , ... ,n",ny on ,he oY''''i',,"'', In C .l_ W.II, &: E.F. Loftu, (Edo.).")-no ·;.n~" T,,,;mo,,>': p,)-.:/wlofirull'",p«ti,,,,. NY: Carnbridj!< Un ivcni'y Prcu. 273·2 82,

I.<J{, ..... E F, &: Yullk. I.C. (1<)&.1). 0e(Wl.'" f""" ... Ii,y in ""nun pe«<pt"'" and ""'''''''Y. In W, Weinprtne, &: E,S, Park. (Ed •. ), /I"""m /oI"""ry C""wliJalion: TOM'acd a P!1)-chobi%8)' tf 0'8"i'i"" (pp. 16J.18J~ !! ill!<l. k: ErlNon,

Fothi. D .. Scl>ook •• I. &: loft .. , !l.F. (1984~ M""i"ll "''''c)" problem< into the Cogni'i....: P.yehology Lol:>o""O<)'. p" ",ffl/j,,!, <>J'~ Su.wy R~''''TCh Sm;,,,.. Wuhinpon. DC: A, .. ri<an S .. """"I AsoocialOon,I9-21.

I.<J{, ... ~,F .. K.",ing. 1.1' .. &: M.obe'<. M_ (19$4). Con"".n",,,i", " 'i'h peopk doring . n>«&.",,;' •. In L. Sproull &: P. ~<J' (Ed .. ~ Info'""'''';'''' P~',;"s in rJtrdn;",'i", .. (1'1" _n·",",). Gf«fI"'ich, co: IAI Publishi",.

Wilson. l. &: (.(1ft ... E.f. ( 1984~ N",,' you " 'ill reme",he, .. ,.<),hing. CO"'''''!''''.,}' P"'clo,(~J" 29, 462-16.3.

I.<J{, ... E,F. &: G= ... E. ( 1984~ T-..',I, .. . ns'Y pe""Ic' The roll."'i, .. mir..! <>flhe jury. c"I,....J>;. taM' /I:" ...... ·.8-l.1425·IH4.

H.II. D,E, &: (.(In.,. E.F. (1 9$4). lI ... arch on .J'."',, .... ,,,,",,,,,,y: Ile<e", advan<n .n~ """"'" ","'I'0'0""'y. In DJ . M.ller, D.E. Blackman, &: AJ . Chapman (Ed .. ). P!1)-cI>oIOf)' and ta.'. tW. 199· ~13~ L.ontIon : Wil.y.

LofI .. , !l,F, &: Schook •• I.W. (19$4). iIorodin, proc<.,;a in memory. IkN,,·ioru/ and II",;" Sd,"u •• 7. 24..,.247.

,m LofI ... !l.F .. Ftcnberg. S,E.. &: Tanu •• I.M. (1985). C"!l'iti,.., p>ycholog n>«I> ,be national '.""'y,

A...,.ri< ... P,)-.:Iu~"8i". -10. I1S·I8()_ LofI .. , !l,F .. School<1". I.W .. &: Wascn ..... W.A. ( I98S), The: fo'< of memory, Com"",n, 00 M«:loo.I;oy &:

7 ..... g<a>. )""",,,1 'iffi.<p<ri..,.n'n' P.,..:'.m'~r: ~",,- 11 4. 37>380, LofI .... !l,F" School<1". I.W .. (.(Iftu~ C.R .. &: GI,.bc., D.T. (1985), Mcmory for ,,'cnts OC<"\Imng under ..... ,he ... . A"" P,)-ch,~"gUN~Sa,I'I~OllfDR PUBLIC RELEASE

. ,. ._"""'

.... "01 ..

UNCU\.SSIFIEOI/fOR PUBLIC RELEASE

LofI .. , f,F, '" Fathi. D. (19lI5~ Relrk'ing m.hipl< ".oobiographkal me""";"" Sct:ial COIJni'ion, J. 28().

"' Grecne. Ii '" LofIL», f.F. (19lI5~ \\'11en crime> arc pinnl .. nial Ww and II"""", IkJomio" 9. 171 · 186. Want. 11_,0._ '" IAn.,. F. F. (1985). E)~,..n ... ped ... "",,,,,,, ,n Mf ...... p')~l>oIogic.' IYP<'· J""".M «

G< ..... "' p,)-n.>i<'S),. 112. 191·200. LofI .. , f,F, (19lI5~ To fik. perchance 10 che ... P,ycIooiOlJ), Toddy, 19, ]4·39. Hall. D,F. '" loll ... F..F. ( 1985). Re<:enl ><I, .. """, ,n re>e.rch "" 'Y''''i,n ....... imo.-.)'. In C.P. e"'ing

(Ed,), P,ycholug)'. P,>'chi<J',,· and ,10, u,,,.-: A Cli,,;'-a/ and f""",k Ifandboot (pp, ~ 17-439), S"""'" .. ~L: Prof"''''''''1 Re"",<c< Exc'»og"

LofI .... f,F, '" Goodman. I. (1985). Quc;'ioni"l! " 'i'n<>Id, In S. K .. ~n '" L Wri,htsman (&b.I. ~ p,),-Io<>i<'S)·<if f.",-i<ltN:t (DOd C"""."" .. P"'f'l:d." (pp. 2~3·279), H.verly Ihlls: Sage,

Grecne. Ii. Sct.ook,. I.W .. '" 1.ofI ... , f.F. (1985). e,perl '''' imony. 'n S. K ... in '" L Wrightsman (Ed~), ~ P,ychnh,~)' 'I£"i*nf'l:"nd C,.",nN" Pro('fi/"" (PI'- 2()1·2!$). 13e>'.riy Hillo: Sag •.

Fl<nborg. S£., IAft." E.F .. '" Tamil'. ),\1. (1985), Cogni'i, .. "'J'«1' of he. llh 1IJf'I<y methodology. Mil/b(",t M r"",';"1 f-,.,.! Qut>n,rlJ. 63. 547·~(o.I.

Fl<nborg. S,E., IAft." E.F. , '" T ... ur. ),\1. (1985). Recalling poin and "'her symptoms. Millbank M,m",iul fund Qioo",,/)'. 63, SS2·S97.

F""'betz, S,F" IAn.~ F_F .. '" Tonu,. I .M. (1985). Cognitive "'J'«1' of h" " h IIJ"")~ f<J< po".ic inf""",,ion and policy. MIl/bonk M,morial FwuJ Qwm"I" 63, S98-6I~.

GoOOnun. J.. Gte • ...,. E .. '" !.dt ... F..F. (1985). Who, .""f"s<. J"""" in .""'pie' ...... , Tr;'.J, NO'I'<mbcr. 65· 7~.

lIell. lUi ", IAn.,- E_F. (198~). Vi,;d pe" .... .,. in ,he """"""''''- ;'",mul « p'''''''''#')- "- ,,-,,-"""'RI, 49. 659--1i(H.

Can,I'<" P.M. & IAn ... !l.F. ( 19~). no, ",Ie 01' p')"<tool<>gi., ..... pe~ .. "' ....... " No """" ();lni.l. in 1hc lion. den, w~· ~n<! l"ycholo$Y lI",i,~', 9, 1· 1 J.

!.d, .. , EY, '" s.:_. I.W. (1985). Inf",ma<ion·I'nn .. ,"l! Con<ep"ol"",ion' 01'11"",,,, Cogroition: "" ... p<<<<nl .• oo f.tur<. In B.D. R.bon (Ed.), In/",,,,,,'I,,,, and /Hlomio, (Vol, I. 1'1'. 225·250). Ne ... IIr","'ick, NI: T"'n ..... ion 1:\00"'.

,~

Schooler. I, W .. Oerhanl, 0 .. '" Lofl." liF. (1 986), Qual i~<. 0( lhe "nr<.I, Joumul of f:f{M,i""'nt~' p,)~Io.>i<'S)': I-""",in&. M,m".y un<! Cng.il;'",. 12. /71·/$/.

Too.ig .. nt. I.P .. Ilall. D" '" IAft.~ E.F. (1986). o;.,,,e~)" <k1ection """ '1JIn<~ilit)" SO mideadi"l! f'O,,·<,-'.nl inf",mal"'. AI,"",,} u"! Cn"",';,,,, 14. 129-J31!.

Schooler. I, '" IAft.,. E.F. (1986). Individ ... 1 dilf<r<'''''''' """ nperimentation: Comp/<1TI<fOtary ,,,,,,,,,<1Ios to in,.""",;,'. '.U""t>ilil)". S,""'I/Hiouo';"'''. I, 10> I /1

LofI .... f,F, '" lcloeJ, O. (1986). Do j.ron 'alk? Trial, l2. 59.w, LofI .. , f,F, (1986~ T<n ) ....... Ihe life 0( ... <xpen " 'i,ness, Ln.' und II"""," Ikiouoio" 10.241·26] ,

(Pre,identi.1 A<Idre ... 0;. 41. APA). Fr.>nklin. K.C. '" Lon ... , liF. (1986). La,.. <m; in ..... mptim. :Wout memory, S)lIablO (An Americon II¥ A"n. 1""",,1). March. 11. 1_

Wil_. l .. Gr«fl<. E.. '" !.dtu,. E.F. (1986). lIeli<":Wout fo.-< ... i< h)'lHlO<is, ,"umatlo""/J""",,,,« C/ininlJ~"! f:X~,i"",nl«lll>p"",,, .. 3-1. I 10·121.

LofI .... f.F, ( 1986). experimental p>),chologill as ad"",.", or impartial educator, w~· and ""man &-ha,';',,-. 10. 63-18.

Caddy, G, R" '" IAft.~ E. F. (1986). Fore",;" Pr...,h. In G. S. Tryon (Ed.) 1M I'r«mioooll'rncria of p,,-n.>i<'S)·, p 1.l(j·1 ~9. N .... I .... y: No"-'OO<J.

,m LofI .... f.F .. LofI .... G, R .. '" ~1csso. I. (1987). S<o:nc fa"".bout ..... """ focu" u,,,, aoJ lIu""",

&-ha,';',,-. II. ~5·62. LofI .. , f,F .. Schookr. I.W .. Boone. S.M .. '" Kline, D. ( 19S7). lime "'<0( by SO '''''''1)': o.,<=timation ole>~nt ~ .... io)n by males.oo r,",>l ••. A"I~;NI C,'S"""y P,>·clo.>i<'S),. I, 3·!3.

Cok.C.B, '" IAft." E.F. (1987). The memoryo(chilJ",n. In S. C",;, M, Togli .. '" D, Ross(&h.~ Child"n', f.) ..... i[,.", M,ntl~~~~#l!i~IO'ReueASE

. , 7 ._"""'_ .... ,. ....

ScOOokr. l .W. &: W, ••• E.E (1987). Memory. In &tcyclop<did 'I{Sdm", and T.chn%gy (Vol, 1,1'1' SM·~an NY: McGt,~··II;II .

ww.. E.F" Bon.j;, M.R.. Scl>ookr. l . W .. &: mOOr, R.A . (1 987), Who ",member> ",'hot? Gcntkr Mr ........ ;n memo<y.MkJ,;g«n Quu",rlr R,,·~,. 26. ~·85.

11,11 . D,F .. MeF."' ..... SJ .. &: l..oI1u •. E.F. (1981). Alter".,." in reooIie<1'.on cf "" ..... 1 and u.up«,ed <'"Cnli. iou"",1 <ftlt< Sock!)" f'" Sd<ntifle &Iiloroliolt, I, 3·10.

W, ... f,F, &: 5<hn.;oJer. N.C. (1987). Cb1lI.ng' ng .)"C~';'ne ...... i"""'y, Trial. 23,4()..+I. Goodman. l . &: W, ••. Il.E (1987). 110 ... to pby '0 ''''' jury yOlO ""I<ct··;n ronlpln and oIIo.r ..... ,

C,;m;,,,,1 io,,;O<". 1 (SI'";n&). 2·~. 4"·43. Ooristi.""",. S. &: W, ••• !i.E (1987). Memory (or ,,"",",,,ie ."' ... , Itj>p/i,d COI/niti, .. hycIoolO//)·. I,

11).239. l..oI1 .... E.F, (1937~ Trial, of on ""r<" Whn.,," N""'~'Ht (My Tum Colunlo). lUr>< 29. It). II, W, ... E.F, &: S<hn.;oJe,. N.C. (1911"1 ). 1.1."'-"<1 ,,"'Hh " <>ng' '.'fri'" l."",,,1 "''''''0''' 'o •• pcn

"'''imooy <ooccmirtg 'y""·i, ... ,, ... imooy. UN, .. "it)" of Mi=>u,i·Kan!ltlj Cit)" UPo· &"m.'. S6, 1-15, (1.10«<1 on Annual l_"" Cohen 1..c<:1 .... ,h,p) . . Remn,ed in Crimi",,1 I'roc!;e< LJ"'/I""i,,,' (1988). L 1·5 L

l..oI1 .... E.F, ( 1937). l'>ychoJosy and law. In F. F.rky '" Cil. Null (Ed,,), U>in, P, )-d>ol"ticd! Sck""" Mnki>03 'h, Public Cu"," (PI'. 69'7!1~ lI' .. h,.SlCO>. I).C.: Fedc ........ ull3eh.viorol l'>ychologi<.1 Cogni'i,.., Sciencd.

W, ... f,F, (1987) Ey,~·;'ne .. ,.,,;mooy and .. "Cnt perception. U..;, ... "i', <if Bro·d,.p"" 1.,.;,., Rn;",,', 8, 7·13. ,-

l..oI1 ... E,F, &: [)oyk. l .M. (1938). £)~'~n'" r"'i"""", Ci,-;I 'lIId Crimi""', 1988 Suwleme", Klu,,".r 1..0",1.100". 1·37.

\lell. \!. & W, ••. Il.F. (1988). D<pe. ul oJe",;i 0( ')"C"';."" "",;""",y and mo<k j.....,.. lndgme .... , 1010",0/ of II pp/i<d Social P,)dtoi0/JJ', 18. 1171· 1192 .

&I>00I.,. l.W .. FOOl.'. II A .. &: 1.0(, ... E.F. (1988~ So" ... oJeko.,,,,,,. """ .. qu.ne,,. oflh. "" cf =011,,,,"".14,,,,,,'1 and C0t"~i,,". i6. 24]·251. W, ... E F .. Sm;,h. K.O .. loh""",. D.A .. & F>CdIe,. l . (1988). Re"""nl\Crini .... ''''' •.. : E""", in datin8 of

a"tobiovaploi<al meIDOf;cs. In M. Grunebcrg, P. Morri •• '" R. S)'k« {Eds.I. Procticalll,P'C" <f M"n,w"J (Pl'. 2J4·H()). NY: W;i.y.

ScOOokr. l .W .. Clad, C. &: lo(, ••• E.F. (1988). KIlO .... ;n' "'hm memory is real. In M. OllJf>Cbcrg. P. Morri •• &: II. S),k.s (E<Io.). P"""k-«III",("",,1{ 14""",." (PI'. &]..I!8), NY: 1I' ,I.y.

W.II •• G.L. '" Lon ... Il.F. (1988). Eye" ';'''''' ,«,;'nony. Intm'<Jtiond! t:11l)"Ck>P'JjQ" C" ...... ,.....,;" ... Ann.obc'l: 500I ulCommunic.,ioo. and O.lon! U.;' .... i'y "'""". MeS~n. M .• ScOOoler. l.W .. '" loft ... , E.F. (1988), Ik", ooday. "'"" 'omom>w: The "1'11<""''''''' and

di .. pp<araoc< 01 <oo .. At dIm •. In G. Da.k. and D. TOO"""" (&b.), 14"""1)' in C"",<xt: C",,,,~, in M, .. ,W)· (pr, 21$-229). Sus .. ,. Engl."d.

Goodman. l . &: W, ••. Il.E (1988). TIl< ",Ie,''''''''' of npen ""iroony "" eyewi'ne" testimony. iOlo"'o/ ofln",.,...",,,,'" V"mi,nu. 3. 11~·121.

l..oI1 ... E,F .. Bdl, o.E.. &: W;lIi ...... K.D. (1988~ Po"'mul Eye,,·i' .... 1<Slimooy. Trial, 24, 6-1-61),

W, ... E F, & lI'.gon ..... W.A. (1988). La~')"C .. · ptedi<1;or., 01 '''''''c'', iu,i""","u io"ma/. (A RA Joornal de>-o<ed to I .... ,. ",leoc, •• nd 1<chnoloV)' 28. 437·453. ,-

\lell. \!. & loft ••. Il.F. (1989). Tri';al PC""""" ;n ''''' '00""""": "The !,">"'er cf (a f .... ) ",;_d.,." •. 1""",0/ ofPmonalily ""d Social P')"ChO/OV". 56. 6tfl.079.

W, ... E F, & lIoffm ••. II.C. (1989). ~I" ;nfom,,,"" or.! memory: Th. , .... u.,. 0( me,""'1', i""md! ,I{ Exl",ri""'nud P,>'cholor)" &n'ro/. 11 8, 100-104.

W, ... E.F, &: Doyk. HI . (1989~ 1:,.",';"',,, T"Ii""",,, CMI and C,imi""'. 1989 """"1,,,,,,,,,, Mi<hic Co.: Charl", .. ,,;II •• V A, 1-65.

W, ... f,F .. OoooJe ... K .. 1I 000"",n. 11.0 .. & Schooler. l.lI', ( 1989). C .... "ng .... '" meIDOf;c. ,Iu, .... quHly """,.sed.nd confidently ""id. M<moryanJ Cognition, 17,6(17·616.

UNCLASSIFIEOI/fOR PUBLIC RELEASE --, .... " .... . , 7 ._"""'_ • ... zo ....

Grecnc. Ii. W;Iooo. L. &. W,u,. liE (1989). Impooct ofhypool'" 1<>limony 00 ""'jury. Low dOO /I"""," 1M",,';',... Il. 61·18.

WI ... E.F. &. Chri";.,,,on, SA (1989). ",.Ikabil~y of memory for c"""""",1 <"cn", In T. Ar<hc, '" L Nils..,.. (I:.ts..). ;" .,.,,1''''/1 /01",1",,,<1 /kh<n-i,,.. (pp. 311·3;:2). 11 ,110<1>.1<. 1'11' Erlbaum Pres •.

Wf, ... E.F, (1989). P;"Mioo, in ')~""In . .. memory r""" ,.,., .. ,~"' ,n("",,,,,,ioo, In II, W'I ''''''' F. Lo .. <I. &. I. llai",h (Edo.), CrimilWllHltm'ior and tM J~"k< S"."m: PsycltolorkaJ Pm.p« t;'T' (PI' ::.nn). NY: Spnngo-r. Vo-rtag.

WI ... E,F. &. G"""", Ii (1989~ EYC"'i'n<s' id<n,iftcal""", In W.G. IhHcy (Ed,~ 1~ f;"'yclo"ro;a" P,~iu &-;,.." (pp. 183·186). N ..... y",k' Gtl.nd,

WI ... E,F .. Korf, N .. '" School ... , I.W. (1989). "';'suided memories: Si"""", db,,,,,,,,,,, of ,nli'y. In J. Yuille (Ed.~ C,,<libilitJ ;,,,,,,,,,,,,0' (pp. 155·173). Do<\I"",hl. N,lh.rlan"': Klu"'et,

WI ... E.F .. Greenc. Ii. '" Doy le, 1.\1 (1989). The p.ycOOJosy of eye"' iblc" 'c.~mooy. In D.C. R."lOn (Ed,~ p,)>:/",/,,!kaJ M,/h,,,}, in CrimilWl ln,.,."ig«'i"" dnd hid"", •. (Chap, I. PI' J.45). NY: Spring.r.

Goodm .... I. &. W,u,. liE ( 1989). Implicat""". of (orial memory ,."carch for in,'c"iSOliv. and a<\mini"""i,'. criminal pmcodu ..... In A.W. Y""n, &: II.D. Elli, (FAo.~ 1/""Jb<>,>1< "f R".,,«~ 0. t·"", 1'.-0«";"8 (pp. 571 ·579). Am<,cm.m: Nonh 1I0liand Publi>hins Coml"'ny,

WI ... E.F, &. B .... ji. M.(19lI9~ Memory modiftcation and 'h< roko(,he medi. , In V,A, Ghrorghi •. p, N." .... ItJ. Ey .. ""k. &: R. Roocn'hal (Fm.). S~U."i"iIi'F ~'T)' dnd R'''drc~, B.rlin, SJYinget-Vcrl.g. p.279':!94.

Wf, ... f,F, &: Goodm. n. J. (1989). I, 1"0 '~"'i<1 ,n 00 ,h. American ju'Y? (Review of K ... in & Wrightsm ... ). COO"'''!''''''ry /"yclwlogy, }.I. 819·820.

Goodn' .... J.. Gte ..... E .. '" Wfl ... F..F. ( 1989~ ~"",,~ '.y "'m"''' Q<"~ <101<""''''''''' ' Mock ;.."" "",1<" ... in .wardinS d.""'l!", )"""""k> )"",,,,,1. 29, 285-309, Wf,,,,. f .F, ( 1989~ .\l i<'4 ........ ' Cltin,', "" ... eh3rlgin& n'oCmor;", Sun,,", Tim<' Uni"". AI",,,),. NY. I' Dt. 6. ,,,.

Wf, ... E,F .. KhnlCr . .\I .R .. Smith. K_D .. '" Fied1.,. I. (199(\) A ... 1< of ,,,,,q ..... ,,,,,: !.l.ner-" of .. kin~ more th.n one 'l"c"ion. p"blic 0"";",, Qua",rly , OS-I. )J()..J.I5.

R.il .. A .. C ....... E. Goodman. J.. &: l.oiIu,. F. F. ( 199(\), I)o,.,"';ning dan",IC" The in" •• nc. of "'PC" 'oCstimooy on juWl>' deci,ion mai;;ng. UJ~' ,md II"""," IHhin'ior, 14, 385·395.

Chri,,,. ,,,,,,,. S .. Goodman. J .. &: Loll",. EY. (1990). lOy."'""" '''' 'mooy, In E)'SCnck. M. (Ed,~ ~ Bloch.',III)k,"-' ry if wgnitiO't: /',,,clwIo, y. O.ford U.K.: B",i1 BI""k.,<lI, Ltd, 142· 144.

GoOOnun. J.. iAno~ E.f . &: Gtee ... F. ( 199(\). A m011<' of """"y: Voir di,. ,n civil c ..... t __ " ,<k R,/",n~ 3.303·330.

M ....... G .. Cotl.,. H.L. &: I",no,. F. f . (1990). I"ry .. le<:1ioo ,n major' cooon>lled sul>.unce .. i.,o: The ""'" f", <"<n<l«l ,'Oir di .... f'<>,..,uk li,porI~ 1. )31 ':W8,

Christi ........ S· A. &. iAfi ... E.E (1990). Some charack'ristics of propics' '''' ...... ic m<morks, B"II"i" 'f'~ p"-n..",,, .. k 5<><;'1)'. 28/3). 19S·19!C.

100<, J. Whit<. A.A .. Kcll<y, CoL. Minpy. DJ" Sanche., .\1J .. &: 1.0(, ... E.F, (1990) Recall .""cSics and "'oC"""y for "o.IIIt c . .. "i~" .. Mill",,"k (}I>dr~rl,. 68. 171·1119.

W.gc"""" W A '" WI .. , E.F. (1990) Ten c»a of <y<" 'i'",," itlrntif",OIion: Iosical fHOOkms and p<oce<I ..... po-oblems. ),,,,nwJ ofCrimilWl )",',k<. 18. ~ I·JI9,

WI ... E.F, &: Oorl<. I.M. (1990). t:, ..... '~"'" T,,,;,,,,,,,)".' C;"iI and Crimi"aI. 1990 s..ppl,,,,,,,,,, M",hie Co.: Chaolorl.,,'ill •. VA. 1·84.

'"' Chri"i.""",. S.A. &. iAfiu,. E.E (1991). R<membcrins <_""".1 eV< .... : The f.'e of detailed "'{om\01ion. C<'II0il;,,,,~"! f:ms"j,,,,. ~. 81·108.

WI ... E.F, ( 1991) Made in Memory: l)i Slonioo, of =<>1I«1ion . ftc, mbl<ading information. In G. 1:\<1", ... (Ed.) 1" )>:'"""'11)' rlII~"';.! d,.! Alaln'wi"". 21. 181·215, NY, Ac><lem", ""',~

WI .. , E,F, (1991) The gli" .. of •• <ryday memory ... ",,,,,,h ... and "'" SOki. A"",rica" p,,'ChoiO!;>l, 46. 1(>.1$,


' , ' ._"""'.... .... ..

Cbri"i_. S.A" Loft.,. E.F .• lIoff ..... n. It. &: 1..0(1 .... G.R. (19\11) Ey< r"",,,,,,. and 0("("11'"'1' in detail n",R'I(J<)' of <mQliooal ,· .... u, .... u,ral <"<.". )"."",4 'f f:.q..ri,"<"n,aJ Pqch"/"IY: I~min&. /11,,,,,,,,. and C"IInitio .. 17. 693·701.

Mo"... II. " 1..0(11 ... ~.F. (19\11 ~ When pe""oal h,SiOry .. pe." " .. ,f: De« . "p<."n8 "",,.,n., fQt ..w""nl .,' .... , "'WIiNi C"gni.·," p"n.,,/olJ'. ~. 297·)18.

Loft ... E,F, &: C«i. SJ. (19\11 ~ R<",,,,,,h findings: \\11., tlo Il><y ""'''''? In J. Dori. (Ed) 1M s"1l!I.,,,ib;/i,>· 'fCMd"n ', 11«<,1/«<;,,,, .. W",",n,,,", D.C.: "'""rican P,,)~"""'Jical A...,.,i.,,,,,,. 129· 133.

W."'. G.1.. " I.<Ifl.>. " _F. (19\11). " 'hi' child f, bric' ''',?: R./lClion< '0 n ............. ,.. «<hn",,,,,, In J. Dori, (Ed) 1h, SI<gIl'>I.biU". o{Chi/d"n', 11«011«1."",. W.,h ington D.C.: Amerk;an Psycho""",.1 I\.""",i., ""'. I 6/1·111.

ToIond, K. . 110« ....... H. &: Lof,u,. E.E (19\11). II.".. "'"""ion pl.Y" trick> "' ilh ""'''''''Y, In l.F.5<h."' . . .... (I>J.) II"""," Sug/f<"il>iliJ,: .01"'-""0<' in Th",.,.. R,,~~rch. ~nd ""'pI<"c~';,,,,. 1' .... YQtI; : Routk<lgc. pp. 23.5·252 ..

/oh<. I. &: 1.<10 ... " .F. ( I>J •. ) (19\11) Cogni'ion 1nd S",,·.y M .... """,n,. A",,';'J C"E"i';,-. P,)"<Iu~''rl. 5('I'<"'i" i .. u<).

Loft ... E.F, ( 19\11) Wl><n wonb ,peak Iou<k-r lhan ""tion<: SuU""ibiTity about ,,·h., ""Wncd? In J, Dori. (Ed.) 17>;- 5"811',,;bi/l,>' o{Child"n', RW~'«I;""'. W .. hington oc: A""ri<an P")~"",,,gical Awxi",ion. St.-59.

G.-..n • . " ,. Good""". J. &: loil.,. F.r. (1 9\1 1) lonm' , ""u<le • ...,.. civill ,t;,,,,ion ."" ,he .. ," ol wm"8" ... -anI>. Amuic.Jn Uni. .. ,oi". jg". f("'k,,,. -10. 805-820.

Lo(t ... E,P. (19\11) R,""'ing I.pl ""."ions " 'i'h p;yd. ,,,,,ic., d.t .......... n·c~n P"":-Io,,I,'r;" , 46-1046·104&.

Goodman. l. IAft.,. E.F .. Ix<. M .. &: G.-.. ••. E. (19\11) Monoy,,,, ''''' <Io.th: Co""er ~, .. ,n ... "",gful <leath w""'8< .......... I.,,,, ood Soc;''>' 1/",;,,,,. 25. 26)·285.

lIoffn,"". II.G,. loll.,. F_F .. 01"."'0 •. G.N. &I Poshitll. R. ' . ( 1991) Pi< ~:r'".gunJ "'" Fehlinfon n"'ion (Th< ~nc""ion of mi.inrorm"ion~ G"'IlHM)'",,,,,ik 22 J""IlI'. Ikft 2. 161 · 17),

W."heim..-. M .. l!ilganJ. ~.R .. Spill:.>. 1.1. Tyler. I..L No"""n, R.D .. toft." E.F .. R .. " .. ,. M,l.!., Ellio. It .C .. Wol.......,.im. I.P .. "" ""Ier. IUt. ('991) A .. ,. of ',"'0 .. gi""" Tho Rocky MOIIn",n, a"" ,he US \\'<Stcm. u;I>chriftf"' /,.>n.vi<>g;'. 19\1. 107·1 19 and 191 ·204.

19'1! Loft ... E,F,. Lc,idow. 1.1 &I Du<n>ins. S. (1992) II' ho r<memb<" b<,,~ tndi, ..... 1 diffc",oc<. in me"""Y

fOt ." .... , th .. 0<:<." 0<l i. a ",itnee ",o .. um. AW"".,J C"lni'i,y P,y(-Iu~"lJ'. 6. 93·11)7. 5<""",,,,,,,. 1... Goodman. I. &I I.<Iftus. Il.F. (1992) In[c,,;ns the Crim i .... Mind: Toward •• bridg<

het"...,. l.g.1 OOc1ri .... d ",y.:!IoIoP<. 1 on<le","ndinl- I"""",, ,(Crimina' J".~;a. 20. I ~·27. Loftus. E,F, &: KI;08<1". M.R.( 19\12) I. ,he .00000''';''''. """" or d.m~? "'m<rican P'yd",I<>g;'" 47.

761·765. Loft ... f,P, &: ' ''i' ..... R. ( 19\12) R""""""OC\iv. M."""y. 'n t.R. SG.i.-., l, lI , 1.!ymo. L 1'l;o:l.I. II l,

Roediger. DL Schacl<:' &: R.E Th<o:np;on (1i<Is.) f:nC)"c/op<d;a ofuarni"1l and /11"""..,., Nc'" Yor\: MacMIII, • . Volo,,,. '-

Abelson. R.P .. 1.<111.,. E.E &: Gr«n"~1d. A.G. (1992) Attcmpl' I<> i"l''''' ''' II>< :O«""""y "r.df.~. ol "o<ing. I. l.M. Tan'" (I>J.) 1Ju<";,"', ""'." Qu."i",,,. In'!";n'" ;.'" ,~, C''!In;,;, .. 8(,;., "f s"nyp, NY: R .. ;ell S"8". 138-1 H.

Ooylo. R, &I I.<III.~ E.F. (1992) h''l,nwi.,.pi"",ic meR'l(J<)' porr(ltmanc< "" "',",'oy .-.spon<len ... In J.M, T.n,,, ( I>J,) Qu<";"", .bo", 1Ju<>I;""'.- I."";,;,, ;"'<>IM C"P;';'" &"'''fS",,,,,,,, NY: R."dl Sogo.~·IOI.

Loft .... E.F,. Smith. K .. Klin~'. M. &I Ficdkr. J. (1992) Momory..-.l mi'm<mory for 1><.I,h ""<fI1S. In l. M, Tan., ( I>J,) Qu'''''''', "1>,,,, 1Ju<>I""',,- 1.'I";ri" ;"""M O,!I";';'" 11,.,,, ,(S"'W,-,. NY: M .... " Sogo.102·137,

Goodman. J. &: W,.,. Il.E (1992). Juds"",nt..-.l memory: The roit of <>p<r1 tc>timony 00 cy.,,·itncu """",acy, I. P. T.t""'. , nd P. S ...... f. 'd (F.<l •. ~ P".,:Io" I''rl .nd S<><"iol P"Uc,-. 261·282, Wuh. DC: Ikmi.phcre "".,.i.hing Corp.

UNCLASSIFIEOI/fOR f>UBLIC RELEASE

' , ' ._""".... " ....

Cbri"i_. S.A" Goodman. I. &: lof,., E.F. (19\12) Ey<" ';''''''' IIl<mory for ,,","mal,, e,"cn": M"h<><Ioklz"" q.,n(\o'i<> . .... "h"al dil<m ...... I. Ori"i.nson. SA (ed.) lI"nd_ <if f;m.~i,,,, ~"" M_mM)". )lollsdok. NJ: Erlbaum. 21 7·24 L

1''''''''.l1i. A,E.. n>l.nJ. "' _. Tell.,. s ."'- &: l.oft ... E_F. (19112), M<mory "'" .)~""""... , ... ,mooy, I. Gno.-..bo-tJ. M. &: ~Iorri .. P. (&Is.) Jo,~('" ,I M""""J. 1....-.100: R"",Tcdg" 18·5(1

Loft ... E,F, &: K.>ufman. I... (1992) Why do """m.'" <xp<ri<nca. oom<tim<J; pro<Iucc good rJlClTXK)' (noshb"'b.) .nd ",.",in,", no IIl<1TXK)' ( .. p .... ""')~ I. E. W' ROgOll &: U. :-;., ... , (Ed.,) lijfw ~"" .o.com',),in H"",I/: Th, Prob/,mof"f/a>hbulb" ~,. N Y: a.m~e Uni,".",i'y Preu.212·223.

(.(>{, ... E,F,. lloif.", •. It. &: WOlI ....... WA (19112), Th. mio;nf""",tion .ffc«: T ,..",fonnati"". in m<mory i"""~ by """ .... n' inf""",,'ion. In M.L 11",,'<. CJ. B"'in<nl •• nd V ,F. RC)1l' (&Is.) fJr.~I"P""'" '11~"'g-T"," R",",u,... NY: Sprinsc,. PI' I~~ 18],

Willi ...... K.I> .. Loft",. E.E . &: I><ff<n""" ..... K.A. (19\12) EY""' i'""" .. id<n«: and '<>Iimony. In O.K. K'SChiro & N.S . ..... f .. (Edi-.). lI"ndt"N#; ,1 "')Th,~"V' """ /.a.', NY: Spting.,..v.riag. 141·166,

Loft ... E,F, (19\12) When. lie b«:omc, ""'ITXK)", 'nuh. C",,,,", /)jTKI;"ru ;" P,)~kd/ Sckna, I. 121-1L1. - Remn,ed in: /10""'" . R.P. (19\18) I",,..,,},.ct,,,·}' H,ad;"t'pr COJI"ili, .. P,)'cIt<>lOJl)·. 3nl Ed. G.ilford,

CT, Du>OI<in Publ"hing Group. ch>J'<' 12. 111>120. lIot"not. t. &: lo(lI<,. F_F. ( 19112) $<, .. ' .b"s< .",,,.,.,;,,.,., 0<>"., ... 1)" .eek '.J r«<>n<ili.,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,1 ofl"'''I''rJona! VioI",«. 7. 57(1.578.

(.(>{, ... E,F, &: Rooon .. ·.1d. I_A. (1992) PonlOg. Coo"",,: II"", ... ntdu« g .... "..,.-k "'" ". .. ,. jury .ward" TriaIIJiI,loow,), Jv,,_I. 15. 183· 188.

IJoff.",n. H.G,. Loft.,. F-f .. <fleen","n. G.N. & Im-hi.n. ~ I. (1992) Tho ,."""""'" of miO;nf"",,,,,,,,,,. In losel. E . Bcnd<r. D .• '" BI1<><n('l'. T. (Eds.) (19\12) P. )"CItoIOJI)" dnd /.ow: Inu",,,,;,,,,,,1 pml"cti, .... l'I<"in: W.,' .. tie C",)' .. ,. p.29:!·J.OI. (En,li'" ,''',,,,,''"' ol Got"". 1"'1>1",.,,,,,, from 19111),

'"' Loft ... E.F. (19\13) 1X;p< .... ly !.<ding "",moria of the fin! fe ... y<an of childhood: Tho rnli'y ol <arly n",noorios. J""m«i ,I f:.q.,-rim<"nl,.J PS)TIo"I"V ': G,,,mJl. 122. 27.t-2n,

Loft ... E,F, ( 19\13) n.c reali'y 0( relffS.ro memoria, Jom"ka" PsycltolOJli>l. -'8. 5 18·537 . . Remn,ed i.:

Ikn';" M,E. &: Farber. E.A. (&h.) (19%)Jonnud/ Prog"''' ;n Cllild P,)<:hWII')' and Child Iko.,.I<""",., 1994, A .. ",,,ion 0( n," )~ ... ', ""''' ..... in' "",",nt>o,.,ions '0 ,I>< """",,,""'in, ..... Untmcn' of the normal ..... di>,.lI><d chikl ..... "Y: Bnm""dM;ud,

BI,k<, T, (Ed.) f:n""ri.~ I,,,.,, i. PW:looi''SY. S,. 1);.,<:>: Cree"",,',. Pre .. , Croyk. R,T. &: w,"'. Ii.E ( 1993) R<eOkc,,,,,, in ''''' kingdom of AIDS. In D,G. 0,,'10 ... '" R. Kc»kr

(Ed .. ) M"_'~"gk«II"..,., ; • .0.11)$ fI;ohu'''.,..J R,,,,,rch NY' PI •• um I' 163·180, Croyk. R.T .. Loft." E.E . Kli"8<1. M.R .• &. Smith. K.I>. (1993) Red"",ns Cl1Ql1; in I><a l,h· rcl.,ed

m<m<Jrin. Progrc .. and proofl«1" In l.R. So"""",", '" B.D. Rulxn (Edi-.) &", .. m Commun;C<JIion ""d 14","",i" .. : 14',-u," and R.mn-w, Vol IV. "". H~·2()!1, 1' .... R,"n,"'ick, NJ: T .... _"'" Publi>h<",

School ... J_W. & Loft ... Ii.f . (1993). M" l" pl< ",""""., ,,,,. medi.,. if>(livH.!u.1 diff.",nca. ,n .)~"'i_ ocr.racy.nd ,uUC"ibilily.ln I.M. P<>rkd' '" II.W. R....., (Eds,). Ufr-'p<Jn Ik, .. I"1'mmwl 1',),-1..>/<'8)': M«/wni,,,,, ,I <n'rl')'<I«)' en!";1u",. lIill""., •. :-;J: ErlN",n. PI' 177·W3,

Loft ... E.F, &: R"","wald. LA. (1993) Buried M<mori<>Iw,k'r<'tlIi>n, Jo ..... riean &r AllO<"idlion /''''ma!. 79. 7(1.73.

Loft ... E,F, &: R"",""'ald. LA. (1993) Th< ROOney King Vi<kcupc: Why ,he <a>< "'as oot blork and " 'hil'. Un;,u,iT)' "fS".,h,,,, C"Ufi,,.i;. 1-",,' R,,-i<'M; 66. l637·164~,

Loft ... E.F. (19\13) RclffSS«! memoria of childhood "aumo: Arc they scn.inc11Ian.,.,d Mroirol ScIo<MrI M"""III",lm I..,.,,,r. 9{9~ 4·~.

(.(>{, ... E.F, (1993) Tho 'hOOt)' behind ",,,,,,,,in& "' .• "' •. "'" .he 1'"",,;0., I" o.v;"'. G . & loI". ~. (Ed,, ) M",,,,I')" in E'Tl')day Ufr. Nonh Ilolland. chap'« 9. 402·407,

Ern"-">rlf. C. '" loft ... " .F. (1993) I.., , leep,ng 1Il<....,..;'" ,,,7: Won!. of < ... ,"'" .t>oo.a 'oiling ''''' ....... 0( limital""" in c_, of IIl<moty rcpre .. im. J""mai ofCrim;",,1 Lm.' and Crimin%v', 8-\. 129· 17~.

(.(>{, ... E, f. ( 1993) ... )'<:IIoIo{i.lltrA!fs\i!WIWOR' '~6'e"Ii§.'I&'M:"""'S('" 48. ~ 50--m . . , 7 ._"""'_ .... " ....

LofI .. , E,F .. II'dngardl, K.IL &: llolTm.n, I1.G. ( 1993). Skoopi"l! m,,,oo,x. on .. i.l: Rea<1""" to n",n""';" th., ~ .. re pt<';oo"y rerresoed. f:'",,, F.>~: n.,. 1"'~m",;,,,,,,1 [);g<e" ,>/lIum,UI /Hha,';"", Sc;,-"", (Jf\d UJ~', 2, 5 1·59.

La(t ... E,F. (1993. Ion. H) y"" n .. " ... n",n"',,, thi.,,"""" )""~ It.,... .... , .... «p.-..sed men><ries~ 1I'",t.;ng"'" P''''. r.cI-C2. (In"ited edi tori.'~

Garry. M. &: Lonu, E.F. (1993) Rept<.1<d me""";o; 01" ehikl>ood trauma: Cooid .... '" of them be ... ggo;'ed~ USA T,,,s,,,. M"8":J"~ (Society rOt ,h. A""aneement of r:<h"''' ''n). 122,82·84.

,m W.;npt<lt. K.R . I . ..,.,....,. RJ .• &: l.dlu,. Ii.F. (1m) Y;.",';nl .) .. ,,"t .......... ""'h f""" •

metooot:nh;"" pcr>p«:!;"". In I. MOle.lfe &: A. Shimamura (Eds.) M"'lCogniliOft: """.'in, aboul K"""'i"S, C.mbridge. Mas" Mrr 1'« ... pro 157·11J..I.

ro.t<r. R.A .• Ub komon, T.M .. Schooler, 1.11' .. '" LoI'W'. E.F. ( 1994) Con;cquenti.lity and eye,,·ito<>. pmon ick .. if",.,,,,,,. AI",U.d C<>i/n;li ... • /'"dtoI",,·, 8, 107·121.

La(t"". E,F .. Polon'ky. S .. &: folli..,..· •• M.T. (1m) M."...,..;es of ch"<1>00<1 .. """ ."" .. : «me,merin, and "'pm.;",. P"dolot;y tfW"""" Q""''''iJ' 18,67·84.

W;II;..".. K.O. '" LofIo' . E,F. (1994) Ey.,,''' ....... t .. ti...,ny, In R."""h.1ndtan. "',5, (E<t) f~cl"l",)ia tfll"man lkha";",.. Vol I. San Dkg<>: Aeademk rrn.. I"",

Croyle. R.T. &: LofIo'. E.F. (1m) p,.)~hoIo>JY .nJ ,h. I ....... In Col,""" A.M. (Ed ,) C""'l'a",o" fNydOjw;" tf /'"dtoJogy. Vol. 2. London: ROIltlro,<, p. I028·10U. · Reprin,«! ;n: CoienUll. A.M. (Ed.) (1995) c."""" """,,, i" P."{<ho/"V·. l.on<lon: l.on""an. PI', ~·75.

LofI .. , E.F. (1m) Therapeutic r=1l«1ioo of ,""il<l>oo<1 abu", : When ..... mory may rot be • me"""'" 1/0, Champ;',. (N.,., .. , A"""';Jt.,n oI"C,,,,,"n.' l)or.n .. I. .. ")' .... ~ Vol XVlll . 2. 5-10.

LofI .... E,F, ( 1m) We need '" be """m ,,,<I .boot 'altered' m<morin. /Jruo'n U";, .. ,,i/J' CMM amJ A,)"I,,,",., fl,!.,,,,;,,,. r"'''<T. April. 10. 3.

La(t ... f,F .. G.ny . • \1 .. Iln)~·n. S.W .. & II""". M. ( I <J9.I) N .... ·!UUI me_, past.hf. """,norin. .. ~ othe, memory myth>. Am";"",, j"""",1 tfOinicalll)'I",ruij, 36, 176-179,

La(t"". E,F .. G. ny. M .. &: Feldnuo. J. (1m) J'.,..gelt,n, .. """ tra.ma, j,,,,ma/ "fC." .. ~I'i"g ~nd Clinical /,,),,,1>01,,,,,. 62. 11 77·1181. · Reprin,«! ;n: ll""". II .A. (Ed). (1998) (b;ld ... .al .t>d,. ..-.J fa'" """>00)' 'yndn>me. Am,....,.. NY:

Prometheu, Boo"'. La(t"". E.F, (1<J9.I) The ,."'.""" memory <on'M' .... y. A"...,iN" P$)"CIo"I"I!i". 49. 443-145. LofI ... E,F, (1m) T,icLed by m<mory. In J . .Jeffrey :and G. Ed .. ·.11 (Eck), 1.1,,,,,,,..,. and I/h,ory: f;Uil," "" "".IIi~g ~nd in~'P""'i~! '-'I"ri,ner. NY: U""',,,;'Y 1'reI., of Ame,;';a, p. 11·~,

Garry. M .. LofIu" E.F .. Bro,,"n, S.W. (1 994) Memory: A rive, rtJlt> throtJgh it. Corueiow"..", ~nd c.'S.;,;'".. 3. H!l-l~ I.

Iklli. RF, '" LofI ... , E.F. (1m) Rc=vered m<rnorics of childhood """>e: A SOlJI<"< monit.,..i", p"r>p«:!il'<. In l ynn, SJ. '" Rbue. I. (E<t •. ) /);""";.,,;,,,,: 1""",,>, clinical, aoo ''''6m. "..""...ri, .. " NY: Go;ll"", 1'« ... p. 41 5-13J.

Garry. M, '" Lonus. E.F. (1m) Ps<udomemorks ... "hoot hYI'n<><i<. 'n"rna/iona/ Joumal4Clinica/ 600 f;"p<ri"",.'~1 JI"I"""i .. Vo.l. XUI. 363-378.

Weingarck, K.R .. Toland. ILK .. '" LoI'W., E.F. (1994) Repon. of '''l!g<>t«! .... ,.....In: Do people truly "'ie" 'bern? In D. II,.... J .D. R.aJ &: M.I'. T",,;. (Eds.) AJ,J, qoim,,, I<"i""",,,, C ..... m '".''' an,) ,), ..... Iopm'"". NY: Springer. Ve~ag, pp. J·26.

Ce<;. SJ. & LoO"". J.l.F. (1m) -.\"n1O<}' ,,'Q<I:-: A ",,),,1 rooJ l<> r., ...... rnorics~ AwlirJ Cng"iI;, .. P.,dtoJogy, 8, 35 1·J.6.l. · Reprinl«! ;n 1t0oo<h. R.I'. (1998) In,,,,,I,,,,""Y «ad ,"I' f.,..Cogn;t;, .. "'J"'hQiogy. 3~ F.d, Guilforct CT: Do"'kin Ptlbli.h;", Groop. Otapte, 31. 267·277.

Ce<i. SJ .. LofIo •. E.F .. U;';"'m.n. M.D .. &: Il""'k. M. (1<J9.l) Th. f'OSS,t>Ie role of ~ m;s .. " ..... ;"... '" tlle ereatioo 01" fal .. belief, """'"I preS<hool .... , InI""",;,wa/ j,,,,ma/ 'fCli";C61 6nd f;;.prn·"",.",1 J1)pnru;J, Vol. XUI, JO.I·320.

Ce<;. SJ .. Hoffman. M, l.C .. $"'i'h. F . ..... d l.oftu •. F.F. (1m) R.pc:neJly th;nkon, .boot • non"¢Ven1: Sour"" mi""";""tions .mong prc;cbool .... C"""*""",,, aoo C",nilion, ],388-107,

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. , 7 ._"""'_ ..........

W<ingordo.. K.R .. LoIlu" E.F .. &: Undoay, D.S. ( I99S) Misinformatioo ",,-isited: N.w .>ideo«: 00 lhe "ggos';/)ili,y of ",",n>O<)l. M,,,,,,.,. ;( C<,!ni'u,.,. n / I). 72-82.

Loll ... E.F .. Milo. E.M .. &: Paddock, J.R. (1995) n.: aoci<k",.1 exCCUlioncr: Why I"ychothcr"l')' " .. " be inf'mn.~ by ",ie.., •. 1lot- C",,,,,,,lin1 "'·)TNrI''1i>l. 23. 300·309.

l<J{, ... E.F, &: P;';b.lI. J.E. ( I99S) lb. f(lml'lion of f.I .. me,..,..;e.. P$)"C~i~.n·c Ann~I" :5. no·ns, . R<prinled in : /,')'hrIogia, 1997. 32(2). (PubH.txd in Finni .... I"'B'" 1120· 112k),

l<J{, ... E,F,. Feld""". J,. & o..hiell. R. ( 1995) The .. ,h,y of iIluwry ",",,»O<ie •. In S<1\ocle,. P .L.. Coyk. J.T .• Fi>hboo<h, G.D .• Me,ulam. M.M .. and S.iI;>"", LE. (Eds~ MfflWI")' o;""nw"., 11_ mind,. I>r"'n, ""d "H:i<.k, ,«,,,,,m,,,, ,lot: 1",,1. Camtlri<lg •. MA: 1I ..... ·an! Un"~""'y Preu. pp. 47.(,8

Loll ... E,F, (1m) Ikm<mllcri"l! dang<rOU>ly. st'IJliroi 1"'I"i"" 19, 20·29, l<J{, ... E F, ( 1m) Mon",,"y m'lIeot>ilio y: Coo,",",,"," ,no;! r.,..<y.",.« ",pl,..,.i"",. v~ming~",J

l",Ji,iduai o;jfr"nc". 7. 133· 137 .. O ... k. S, E, & Lonu~ FS. ( I99S) The roy"""Ioc;,;ol pay-.lirt or """","ohen >I>du<1ion men><><ies. Rc>'ie ...

of M,d. J, (1m) AlxkK1ion: Uuman OOIIn"" "'illl alicn~ C""~"'I>I}rury 1',>",,11(106)'.010. 861 ·863. Lot, ... E,F. &: Yapl:o. M. ( I99S) Ps)',hothe'lPY >nd me ,""",'.'Y of .. pt<ssed me ...... i.~ In Ney. T. (Ed,)

AI/'II"'ia,u in Child S'~UlJI Ab ..... : A'''''' ..... ' and ca" mona_mi. Bnm"",/).I=I, P!', 176-191, uic"'man. M.P .. LoIl u,. E.F .. &: C«:i. SJ. (1995) CU",,"' i ...... in eany eye,,·il,..,. meooory. Sed/""I

and (]oU/: R,JI"in ",'" /';"''''''"11> 1"";,~'"11,,l''' Mwir:i",. 30. 1·71. (Cop;eo ... iI>I>le f""" pju<bu'gh I .. ,i,ut. of ugal Medi<inc. 1200 Ce .. ", Avc. pj, .. burgh, PA 13219).

Lot, ... E,F, ( 1m. Augu" ZS) The "uth. ,t.: ,,"'!>ok '''''h and &: "",hieg t><a ,I>< ",,,h' f."" "'n~l .. ron ... po B 9, (In.ited editorial; Reprinted ;n """ ''"'''PC'' in Minn<apoh Buff.1o and dsc-o.'here)

Lot, ... E,F. ( 1m) Af""'"(J<~ '" R" ... CA. !WI~nir" ,i.",,1 ~"">I: . T"""",,: Un;"",,"y of T""""o Prcso. 2O'!-209.

Lot,,,... E F, &: Rooen .. ·.U LA (1m. Fall) R""", .. r<d me,..,..;e.: "n .. "hin& ,he pas, ,n """". 1,.",,,,1 o{/',)di"lry of u,~'. 3-19-361.

,~

C""l'. M . M.nning. C .. Lot, ... E.F .. &: Sh.rn .. n. S.l. ( I 9%) Im.,in","," In",,,",": '''>OJ,ning , childhood <''<nl inn"", ronrKkocc ,hal il occurred. p,)~k 1J,JI"i. IlIId N",i,~·. 3, 208·214,

Lot, ... E F .. P><Jdock. I.R. &: Gue ..... y. T.F. ( I 9%) 1';o,;en,·ro)'<tooot.:rap;Sl ",","ileg.: Ac«u!O <10";,;,1 =ords ;n Ihc t""led .. ~b of reprnlCd m<mory litigat ion, u";",,,i.y of Nichmond u,~· IV,i,~·. 30. 1()9.1$4. (Sl'«'i, 1 ",ue de.",ed '" AII.n Chai. ""', ,,.."', .).

Belli. R. F, &: Loll .. , E.F. (19\16) The pliabilily of au"obloc~i<al memory: Mi,inform .. ioo and Ihc f. l .. n",n>O<)l p"","lem. In 0..,';.:1 C. Rot"n (F.<I.) l/nn<-nWn'n8 ,." f"m. I S7·179. NY: C.,mri~ge Univ="y Pre .. ,

Lot, ... E,F .. Coan. l.A. &: P;';kroll. J.E. ( 19%) .\I,no'",,",;"& f,l .. me"lOrieo usinJ ~, .. of ... h,y. In L M. R«k. (Ed,) 1 .. lriki' .... """Y ""d _aeog.i.;"" . . \1:111 .. """. NJ: L..."'rell« E~baum A"""i .. co, PI' 19S-220.

M,nning. C,C . & Lof, .. .I!..f. ( 19%) EY."'i'nc .. .. "imony and ""'mory di"""ioo. J~r.""'H 1'.)'CIta/<>giroi N,,.,,,,:I>.. .l&,s· 13 (Invited Pape.)

Lot, ... /i,f. ( 19%) Rept<'''''' Me""",y l.iliga,ion: Coo ..... .... , and ..,i ... ,r", r,n~ i nJ' "" ill.SOt)" memory. Washing''''' 5,"" /Jar IV ... · .. SQ. I S·lS.

Lot, ... Ii F, ( 19%) The n,),h of "'pres"'" n",mory ,nd ,he ",.lilies of ..,;ell«. Ch"nirol 1'"",",,1('1)'. Sd.nCl" a",J /',."Clk<, J. 356·362.

l<J{, ... E.F, ( 19%) M.n",,"y ~i,,,,,",;on and fa l .. me,'"'"'l' """lion, R"II<';n <1'~' ,., .... n·can Arod,,"), ,1 p,)dia,ry ;( ,h, Ui~, 2-1. 2&1 ·2%.

M,nning. C,C . & Lof, ... E.F. ( 19%) ~to"""y. McG",,,,,IW 1997 Y«,rl>!~rt <1 xi,,,,,, of T<'C~,,(!I,'1), ' NY, McGra ... · llill .• p. 299-301.

0.,. •• $, " . & Lonu~ FS. ( 19%) The "" .. ,""""'" of 'roc. ol;en .W""'"'" ""'...."..... Pt)Tio(,I(~icai Inq.i.)'. 7. 1~14J.

Loll"" E, F .. &: [);o)k J. M. (19%). Ii)',.i,.,,,, Twi"""')': Ci.-i/ ""J Crimi",,/, 19% Cumulalil ... s"pp/<""n'. Chart"'tos,'rlk. V,,: Micto;e Conopony. 1-49.

M.LZoni, G. A. L. &: LoIlu,. Ii. F. (19%). When dream, become • .,.lily, C",,,d,,,,,,,,,,, of COII"itio,," .So .ul-16Z.


• I " .... 7 ..... . , 7 ._"",,_ . ... ......

Gillig"", F. A., ImwinL<hkd. E. I .• &: 1.01\.,. E. F. (1996) The throry of 'uoco",,,"o ... t,."sf=.....,·: Tho L" ... ,!ve., to ol'Ie >/I;el(! I. " .. pm",,,'ing ,ho pti"ocy of vic, im. of ... off ..... , a".,,," Cnll~~~ I .. ,., R"i ... ·. 38. p. 107·1~4.

,~

H)'man. I. &: l<Jflu," E.F. (1997) 500 .. PO"PI< ...:0'''' .... ,,,,,..;es of ch ,l(!hood ''''"'.0 ,hat ".,'.' , .. lIy Ioappon«l. In Paol S. Apfl<llnum. Li .. A. UychMa, Ma '" It Eli. (Ed.) Trauma aM Mmoo,';: elini",,1 ""d I ... ,~al C'''''n~~"i". NY: O.foo;l Uni' ..... i'y Pres •. p. 3·2-1,

Garry. M .. l.oI\u" E. F .. DuO",uil, S. C .• &: B ..... 'n, S. W. (1997) Womb "'ith • view: ~k"""Y bdkf, and """""Y·",O'" <'poti<oce,. III 0 . G. I'll)'''' &: F. G. C"""d (F.<Io.) Inl~'><"<';'''''' i~ &uk <l "wli~d "",,"0')" I/,.",,,,h. Mah"~h, N' : Lou'R'occ Erlboum A>w<i.,c;, p, 233·255.

l<J{,,,,. E, F. (1997) Comn .. owy "" . ",""'ieo of au~ph'ocol n .. ",,,'}', III J. 0, Rud and 0 . S. lind<oy (Ed.,) KffOilrc,;"ou ofT"",ma: Sci,,,,;fic R,,,,,,rdt and Clinical PTQC/icr. NY: Pknum Pre". ~. 297-100,

l<J{,"". E, F. (1997~ Rep""oed me""lty ""' .... .,.,,, 1)o,'1loUl<d fam"", and de, ... ,.,«1 p.1 ....... Ap,Jii,d Cognili,~ P.,....holoV ,. II. 2S-3O.

l<J{,,,,,. E, F, &: R.,....,.'. 1d. I. ( 1997). R.j\teOoed M.""""" S<"n"r", S,.'"~ III 0, L. F.ig,,,,", 0, II. I<.>)'c, M. J .• ~. &: , . 5ounde" (Ed~) Moo",. Sdrn'iflC /-'\id,ncr: 1M w.., and Sd"., ... <f up", T,.<Ii""'"J. $" Paul. MN: W ... l'Iobii,h,lI&. p. 535·55().

1.01\"", E, F. (1997. Septembe.). On'ing fal", m<morn Sc;''''iflC A .. ..,kan, 277, (3~ 7l).. 75 , . Reprin t«l in BO)" .. ,i,. C. &: ' .nn. !l.N. (2000) Cloild GroM'1h and n.."rl,,~n', NY:

McGraw llill. Chap''' 8. l<J{,"". E, F. (1997~ M."""Y fOt . p.1" 'hot n"...,. ,,'''. C~'''nJ Oitre,;,,,,,, ;n P.,~h"'''g;c.,1 Sc;~nc~. 6. p. -Josl)'n. S .. C¥lin. t .. &: 1.01\.,. E. f. (1997) R.meml>enRJ; ,"d for&o"in, chi\(ll<ood ,,, ... 1 .t>o>¢. M"",,,,·, 5. 703·72-1.

1.01\ ... E. F, (1997~ Dispatcb from lho (u")civil m<""lty """. In J, D, Rcat1 &: D, S. Lind<oy (Eds,) 1/"">11,<,;,,,,, ..fT,,,,,,,,,,; Sc;"nlif«: I/ ,,,,,,,,,h _ CU..;c.,1 P",crkr, NY: Pi<n",. Prcu. pp. 171·198,

1.01\ ... E,F, (1997). C""'"'g childhood m<motieo.IIj!p/i,d C"II"i'i , ... P'yc/toI"II)' II, S75.s86. ,~

1.01\ ... E.F .. Nucci, M .• &: lIolTman, It (1998) M""uf",",urinS """""Y. Am,rica" Journal" fomu;' P.,d,,,/,'S)·. 16. 6J·75.

C<ci. S. I .• Bruck. M .. &: l<Jfiu~ E. F. (1998) On '''«,hk> of..,."""Y impl..-.ation r<:1<:OJ"Ch. Applkd Cognili,~ P.,....holoV,. 12,230·2-10.

C,..n •. E, &: l<J{,"". E.f. (1998) Psych>lepl tel<OJ"Ch on J"'}' <hm.,. .,,'ard," C.'ffml)i,« ,i",,-, in P,,'CIt%giroi Sci,ncr. 7. SG-S-I.

o\I"''''''i . C. A. 1_ & l<Jfiu," E. F. (1998). Dr."",in,. l>el"¥ing. >nering. In J, DeR"' .... »>.I T, R. Sorbin (Eds, ). fH/i"wj in l .. aginiotJf,: 1~, Narra';, ... CotUlrMCIi"" of I/,,,UI)·. W .. hinglOll D.C.: iln>eric.n PsYClloIOJ'ocol A."""i .. ;"" ",",os. pp. 14S-156.

Wriglt. D.B. & l<Jn.," E.F. (1998) II.,... ..... """Y la.Carch can I>e .. fit from CAS~1. M''''''>T)' 6, 467-47~, a".n. K .... & l<J{,"". F..F. (1998) Ad'~"'~lIg', 1I,;,info""",.,., .rr .... Appl;d C"gn;';'" P,)~h(Ji"8)"'

12. 569·591. l<J{,,,,. E F, (1998) The rn" . t< ",""'ice of mi,leadin, d.n«<ioll. ",-,~ P,>'d>nI,,~;.o" 53.4!>t--l85, 1.01\ ... E.F, ( 1998) The price of bod m<moric>. SJ;"nimll"'I"i"", 22. 2),,24, No. Eo ... Y""n, & l<Jfi",. !l.F. (1998) A,,,,.de. "',"'ard. 1,,,,, "lid rn..,.,. .... con",,,",,,",', """""'lri.,,;,n,. "tn\"".,.,. and int<m. I.."t<m;)l ""'., of co"''''': I\"",an and A,,,.rican la"" ".dell" and .ndcrgraduat<~ J"""",I <fC""J CuI,"",/ P,)dwio6Y, 2'), 59:5-615,

l<J{,,,,. E F, (1998) III. ,.,." of Momory. p,.,,,,.-.Jjnl' "I 'h~ "'-rimn PIoi~""phin>J hi")", 142. 61).73. 1.01\ ... E.F, ( 1998) Im",in"')" ..... moti ... In Coo""y, M.A .. Gathcrcol<, S,E.. &: C<><mhli. C. (Eds)

110,,,,,,, ,if ",,",m)". Vol II . eo.. Su ..... Un,,«1 1\ ing<lom: Ps)~"""'JY Prei, U(I, pp. 135·145. MOl""';' GAL. &: 1.01\ .. , E.F. (1998) Drum in"""",",ion can chan,. bdkf. aboo, tho pall.

p,)<-Iom""ap)'. 35. 11"1·187. 1.01\ ... E.F. &: Mauoni. GA.L. (1998) U,i"l! imaginal"" and pcrsooalizcd '''1!J><Slioo to chan,. peopIo.

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LofIL», E,F, (1998) Who i, til< <at that <.,""ily kil l«l1 SU,,,kalln'l"i,,,, 22,60-61. Ooll ... il. S,C .. Gan'y. M .. & wfi., E.F. (1998) Toles f,om 'he Cr'I>: Ag .... gre,,"'" and , .... < ... "ion of

.nl, kdy ""'lOOIk .. In SJ. Lynn & K . .\! . McConl«y (Eds) r Mh in 101""",.,·, NY: G.ilford Pre ... 1'1', 1)1·lto).

Wtighl: D, II. & wfi ... E. F. (1998). 110 .... mi,,"for" .... ;oo .ll< .. "",,,,,,,,-< .. )",,,,,,,1 ,I f:'</Vn'"",n,a1 Child I'JY""oiogy, 11. 155·1 1>1.

Lil"'nf.1d. 5 ,0. &: wfi.s. E.F. (1 998) R.p .... oed """"""'" a"" W<>rid War !I: Soo"" c""ion.,.,. ""' ••. I'~JJiona/I" JdrololJY: R,wJrf:h and I'roc,ic<. 29. 471·475,

Paolo.loc<. I_R .. ",..,ph. A.I. .. n ... I'.M .. T.onnovo. $ .. ~h""ing. c.. & l.<i,,,,, E I' (1':'911). When ,uid«l vi.ualitation procr<l.'<s may b.dr.",: I~na'ion innation and prrok1ing indiv;d",,1 diffCfCn<n in .. gges,ibilily. A"pU<d C"g.il;'" p,,'<h<"oV'. 12. S6J.$15. ($pt<,al [ .... )

Billing>. F J, & Lor,u., E.F. (1998) lI .. ik.""h al ..... ikaron ""mode""": Mi ."",,' im um«hkarim chool..r.im (11)< ... .,...s.s<d .... mory ronu'<)I-'",Y: ...,.", 00001 c .... and ...,.no ...... ",h), p,,~h'''''gio. 7. 24·32 (in Ilob"' .... ).

II)'m. n. I.E. /' & wfiu$. E.F. (1998) Fft(JtO i" """";.,g"",,,;';.l .... """Y. CUnkal p'J<h'''''I), R"'-'M·. 18.933·9-17.

AIp<o1.I.L. 8ft1'M-n. L.S .. Cod. SJ" C""rtoi •• C.A" wfl .. , E.F .. & Ormle in, P,A, (1998) Fmal """"I .. ion. ol ,I>< An ..... ;.; • • Ps.y<:bolot:;';ol A,..,.,i.,;oo Workin, Cn>up on I"'-es,iprion ol .... m0ri<5 ol o.iklhood Abuse. p'Jdr%ty, Public l'oUq, and J.J", ~. 93)..').10,

Om".in. P.A .. C«i. $.1 .. & (.ofi ... E.F. ( 1m) A~.I' «<0110<1;,,0, ol <hi l~iI<><l<! """<¢: Cog"itiV' and De,."lopmcmol !'<"pocti .... P'Jdroiogy, Public l'oIiq, ""d J.J", ~, 1025·1051. (Sec ,Iso od>Cf oom,,,,,n,ari<s &: ... pli., byOm" .... C«,. & l.<i, ... in , ......... i ...... )

LofI ... E .. JooI)'n, S .. & 1'0"8<. D. (1m) Ikl''''''ion: A mi .. ,hn i"l'r«oiorr? /Kt"/",,mt'nf &. P"'''''''''''/'''/''fJ. I 0. 78 I· 79 2.

,m Fd.!moo, 1.1 .. Mira"""" J .. & wfi ... E.I'. (1999) Arc .... k>no '<gr<lI"d more rhon inact"""?

o'S".i",'i".,,,, &"",-;,,,~,,J 1/"""", n.-c;,~", P""'~'K'. 78,232·255 Wrighl:. D.B. & Lo/1 ... E.F. (1999) ~k"",;ng oli'soc; .. ion: Cornpari<oo of ,llCrnativc f""", of Ihc ~i.soci",i'~ <>.,.ri.o< .. 0< . ... A""ri< .... 1", .. ",.1 '1 P"'""''/''fJ. 112,497·519,

Mauoni. GAL . I.ombanlo, P .. Mal''lIl!ia. S .. & Lor, ... E.I'. (1999) Oream in'<'I'«IOIion and false "I",f. , 1'''1''';''''''' 1'')'1:/''>/1'10': I/~"",rch ""J p,=,k~. 30. ~5·so.

M.LLoni. GAL . wo ... ILF .. S<itz, A" & L)'nn. SJ. ( 199\1) Changi"l! .. IOcr. and "",mori<. "'rough "".m '.I<'1' ... " " i",,. AjlfJliro C"S";I;,,, i'>J<h,~"V'. 13. T25·!4~.

M.aoni. G. A. L. Van."",;' M" & LofILI>, E. F. (199\I~ Mi"""",mb<ri"l! "01)' matrnal. ulI"/ /JI1d C,;minIJl,'fical p'J"C/"'/''fJ. ~, 93·110.

I':oolo.lock. 1.1t, Nod. M" T",.."" ... S" EIxT, Il.W .. Mann ing. C .. & wfl .. , E.F. ( 1999), Ima8ina~on innalion and til< (X,i" 0/ ",idcd "i •• alh, .. ion. )""mal of I"J"C/toI"IJJ' 133. 581 ·595.

Lor, ... E,F, &: PoIag •. D.C. (1999) R • .,..._ " ... "",,;00: W .... n .... ,h.y , .. I? lI"",or< , .... yf.I<¢? ~ P'Jdrialric Oink> '" 8,/0",-,,,. 9. 51-60,

Gony. M • Fron .... S .. & !.ofiu$. !l.F. (1999) u.. oo.'n ."d Ie, .... leU yoo .!><lu, Y,,"' ch,loI>oOO, I" S, Dell, $.01. (Ed) Mind ",,',h>: £>,I/01'i"$ IHlfJala, """,,,,,,,,-, abvw '~",ind /JI1d bruin. Chkl><>lcr. ""gl.no,l & NY: W".y. II )..124.

LofIL», E,F, & I);oyl<. J.M. (1999) 10)· .... "",,, r"'i"",,,y: C;"i/ and C,i";na/, 1999. o. .. "'",i, ... s"ppSoo""nl. Chart""es""". V A: I ... ". I ... ~· Pltl>i'h,ng. ]·33. -Bu"y. T.A .. Tunnidiff. J .. wfiu~ G.R .. & Loflu •• E.I'. (2000) Acroon" of til< ronfidcocc.ac<uracr ... I .. ion in ««>&"i,1on " ... """y. p'J<Ir<"",,"ic I!,dl"in ""'/ Rn'i'M·. 1. 2648.

LofIL», E,F, (2OOO).lkm<mb<rin! Whol NO'.", 1I'l'I'<n«l. E. T.lvi,,! (Ed), 101""",,·, Co,,, .. ;""',,..,,, rmd ~ 8",;n: ."" r",u"" C'''lf'''n<:~. Phi',.,..lphi.: p,.)~h""'JY Pres •. 106·118.

T .. i. A .. wn .. , ILF .. & I\ol"!<. D. (2000) Orn<n' Dir<<1ion. in F.I", Morroi)' Ikscarch. In Bjorklund. D, (&t,) Fol",.,\f, ... ,.., C"1J!ifI!l!!lo.!i9il"~~fIo81.1flI:I~~~ t>.o.,n. 31+1 .

. , 7 ._"""'_ . ... ,.or ..

LofI .. , E,F, (2000) SuU",-ion, i""'8i"'ion, and the ,,,,,,!lor .... 'ion of rea lily. 10 A.A. Sloo<. J.S. TotU.". C.A. lI><h"""'. 1.11 . lOOt. It.S. Ku~'","". &: V .S. C.in (FA.) no.- 'kl~"", "I S,Ij·R,I'''''' ~tah .... h. NI; Erlbaum. 201·210.

Cal"n. W. It . &: IAfi" ~ Fof . (2000. Ap;I) The poe' .. h,..in """""n",: A 20s() , .. .-.ion of pIt)'SOts for ",,"," 01,';"'1 f!wl,..." N "" .. ".~ lIuJI", •. P. I· S.

LofI .. , E, L and Ca<ldk. G. (2000) 0 .. ,".., Memories in Lega l Cal<>. In P J . >an Kowrn &: N.Il.M. Roo!! (E40~ ROli"",.Ii[)". Inji" .. ,,,,,,. "",! p",!"" I. I..,M·o",! I"J,,*,~"V' M ... ,nctll: ~" .... ""'''' Uni",,,"), Pre ... p. 115-127

I.<J{, ... EY. (2000) The n"." """,e""" l>olo>k. "'J"<iom,!)" T,>J<,)". 33. P 32·35. 84 ~,

M><wni. G.A.I. .. l<Jfius. E.F .. K, roch. I. (2001) CI\;u>&in, holiof, ...... 1 impl""sibie •• 'OOOol;"'pIt"'.1 .. 'enlS. }"""",I of f:'l"n'""n,a/ P'J"<!wJIOSF "ll,U,J, Vol. 7. No. I. SI·59

Wrigl<. D.B .• WIllS. E.F. &: lion, M. (2001) Now you oce it: No ... you don'" Imibiling " .. II and ftC<I&"i",," ol "' ..... "PI,litv! O'gnl,;'.,. I" J"*'''''V. I ~. P 471·48,.

Ca>telle. G, &: IAno,. E.F. (2001) Misinfonnalioo and M'rongful <"O,wktiom, In S,D, W<>le",dl &: I,A. Uun'rt>rey (E<t,~ Wm.glf C,,",'k ... d: 1'''>(''"''''''''' '",foHtv!j ... ,;e.. N .... B",,,,,,';"k. NJ: R."" ... Uni, .. ",,), Pre", p 17·35

lioffn",". H.G .. Gt.nhag, PA. K """"' See. S.T. &: l.ofius. E.F, (2001). 5o;i.1 inn •• noes "" """,y monitori"ll <Ioci>io .... 14,,,,,,'1 ,{ C<!f"'';O/t, 29. 394-40-\,

""oJ)''', S .. &: Loil u, . E,f .. MeN""gIll,.,. A .. &: 1\>10. ...... I . (2001) M.,,,,,,y for me""")'. M,""wy o"'! COgJIili"". 29. 7119-797.

I.<J{, ... E,F. &: C. I"in. W.C. (2001. Apri!) Me"'oOt)I' , f",",,,. P,yrh"b'/J" T,>J<,)". 34. P SS·SS. 83. LofI ... E,F, (2001) Im"8ining 'he po ... TM PsydooI''t'>I, )4, P SIl.I·SS7, O>"i,. D .. IAfi" ~ E.f .. &: FoII. " e. W.C. (2001) ItO>l'. ~'h.n .• nd ,,'h.,h« '" use ,nf<>m><d ronoen, f<J<

ftC<I,' .... ~ ..... """Y ,~.rY. 1"."",,1 ,I " ...... ·n'" ANkm)" '/1'J)"<hi"''Y ""(/ 'M /.no', ,<)1. 29, no, 2. ~. 148· 159

I.<J{, ... E, F. (200 1) Whon ",,,,,,,if,,, . " i<le .... in ,ho ,,,"'y. SJ.;~plk~l/n'fl'i"r, :!S, ff>. P 14·1 5 LofI ... E,F, &: GMry, M. (2001, Au! 31) I)i '''ylo"d " 'ilh lho Ou«"? I =.11 i, "",II, ~ TI .... , lligl><r f:40",[;"" !i«r'r" "'''''''' p. 22·23.

Garry. M .. Rader, M .• &: l<Jftus. E.F. (2001) CI. "", and <OOkmporary "udies. on lhe impoe' of ",;sltar);", ;"fom,","",. 11'''''''''''''. Y .... i: !chi...,... K.ii<hiro. ["" k .... , .... Y,,~ io. &: )I .mooJ •. 5.,"00 (E<t.) 7'1>< "udy of 'J"'M;/n'" ""'''''''')": Y<lJrrg/'" Ih, briJ~ bffl.un Itrt., d".! p,)dolol)·. T""y'" K". oItji l'>I)Ii,,,,,,,. p. 1$.S·200. (ClIapr" l'>I)Ii,hed ,n J.panese).

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LofIus. E.F, (2002) Me"",,), f,o ll, ond fI, «. I""" ,n Scinta d".! T«hool"8)' (l>ublktrJ''''' <>/,1>< Norh,.,<>1 Ac"'!,m"'''IScim,,~ 18." -t. I't' 4 1·50. (Sele«ion f",:: n". &>1 "_n'co" 'kl~n<:< o"'! Nalu" \I',il'ng ,(2003) Ricltard Da~'kin., 8"'''' ed i,or. lim rolsa, srnc. odilor. NY: HOUghl1lll ~Hmin

•• R.prin,ed in lWo"'h. R. & Gagnon. N. (r:<b) (2007) P,)'<hoi<Jcy and I . .... )I.mJ"hi .... UK: A,hl "" 11)'man. I.E. . &: IAfI .. , E.F. (2002) Fake ohildhood .... mories am Eye"'il"''' ~k""")' Error1, In M, I.,

Ei""n. J. A. Qu .. &: G.s. GooJ ....... (FA,). 14,00,,'1 ""J S.gg<",/NI''J in rh, f '"",,,,k; In'm'In<' Mah"'oh. NI; Erlbatrm A,oociat<>,pp 63·1l.I

Thomas. A.K, &: IJ)fi" ~ E.f . (2002) C ... ati.., hi,,,,,,, f.l"" ..... mone, ''''''''gil ,"",gin.,"",. Mr"""J' '" Cognili"", 30. 42)...131.

1I,;llul , KA. Elli,. R. & Lof, .... E.F. (2002) .\1>1:. My .\I.mory: Itow Ad' .. ~,sing Con Change o.rr M. ","';., "f,h. r..,. 1"'yrh'~"If)' _ M~,t"i.,. 19. 1·23.

Ikfn'kin. D. M" W.i«k",,. B. W.A. &: !.of1"S. E. F. (2002) 1"",,: .. i"8 ("OIIfKl<oce in ",mole .... oI>i0IVl'j>lti< .. n",mory .nd ge" . ... 1 knowledge: lO<<<n,., ... of rIt .... , .. I",ion .ffe<!. M,m,,<"J' « Cognili"", 30. 432-1 38.

Pi<;k",II, I. & [.ofi ... E.F. (20(2) IIll .... ,.., ""IIh ''''' pl.y .... ....:1:e,J >g"'" you, "-pp(i,J C"I!nl"'~ p,)'CIooIog)". 16. 36S·Jt,6 (1I00I: Ik,i<w).

I.<J{, .. , f, F, &: Gu),,,, ~I . (2002) \\'ho Ahused I ..... I""'?: The )I:v.an!. of ,he Singl. Case )1,,,0<'}'.

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Bemskin M. & u.n." E.F. (2004) Memo,i<" rals<. In M.L G"'g"'Y (Ed~ 1M O-iforo Comp'mio" 10 /h. Mi"d. ?" Edition. Oxford Uni"<r>il)' ""' ... p 5S9·SW.

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U,,·i ... L. I. & 1.01" .. ,. E. f. (~) Ey.,,·,,~. , .. "n>OllY. In Sp;elt,.,JCt. C.O. en.,<inr><d;lI</ ""I!lird /"yclrof0f)". ~ PieS": EI",vier Sc;eocc (USA)

LofI ... E. F. (2I)(J4) F"""'anl;n G.D. L ... hcr (Ed) fn"rroga'ion~ c-J,."ioru. and ""1't1P .. "". KI." ·<f Ac>demicll'lenum ..... , .. p i,·,i;i.

Garry. M. &: u.fiu,. E.F. (~) I am F",ud', bra;". SUt>,ico/ 1"'I';r". 2&_3. p 16-1 8. Garry. M. &: u.fi., . Fof . (2001) Brain"onn ,n • "''''"P- TM p,y'''''''''l;''' 17, 280-281 LofI ... E.F. &: Bcm .. ';n. P . M. (2001) Strong memon.; . ", modo of (hi •. Review of McG,ugh',

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(C(b1<)ri. 1 "" The Psychology o/"Conf.""'''') LofI .... E.F. &: I);,yic. I.M. (2I)(J4) 10)· .... ".,,' T"'i"",,,y: Cn'i/ and Cri"';""I. 2003 C"",u/ali, .. s"ppk_"'. (barl""",·,II •. V",: I ... " , I ... ", I'Iol>i,h,nl- 1-.1 I -lle<n".in. O.M .. I ...... y. C ..• \1.,..,..-•. " .K. &: Loft .... E.F. (lOO!i) F.lse n,.""",,", .1>00, food un I.od '0 food ,,·oidaoc<. Soc;,,1 CoS"itiv<>. 13. 10·33.

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1'.,dtoanal,1ic ",,,,1«1;"" 0" _""",'. London: Ink"matiooal NClJro.P"yeho.>nalysi. Soo:icty. P 55·71. lof, ..... E.F. (2(m) J);, ,,,,,i(Hl' of .... mo<}" ""d ,he ""Ie of'i ..... In A·N Pt ...... .(;\eml(Jrt, (&I.) 11omM,g 71",,: " )I"lfj,Hli>civiina'Y /Hr>f"l"fj, .. "" fj"". GoI'ing<Il. Germ ... y: Ilogorle & 1l0Jbcr PlJbli.he .... P ~~.

Uney. C. & LoIIu,. E.F. (2005) Trau",,,ic "",moria arc 001 n«"<5 ..... ily """"",oe memoric.. Ca""di«n 1,,,,"<>1 t(" ,)"<hi""J. SO. ~2HI28.

O.vi •• D .. & Lonu,. E. F. (2005). Age :and fUJK1iooin8 in ,he ic!.1 'ys'em: 1'<=l"ioo mcmory.nd jud8""'''' in 'ictim,. "'" ....... "d i ........ In Y. I. 1'1"1' & W. K ..... <>"'~k, (f.4s.). II~nd"'K* t( F""",;c 1/""'0. Foclo" in WI",,,ion . (PI" II·I·II·B). New York: CRC ~

Tho ...... A. & IJ>ft ••. li.1'. (2OOS) Ey.~·i' ...... .... "..,ty: Ceo';OJ;""'" ""'"'",. infonn.ui<>n. G~",,~. 67. 14. P 3Q..J/. (Map..<ine of'he Roy.1 Canad ian MOU/locd Po)"",). lof,,,,,. E.F. & Doyl •. J.M. (~) 1:, ... ;_" T~";",,",,; CMI ""d Cr;m;""I. 2004 C_,,'~'i, ... Supp/m".'. Oooo1oo'<5,·ilk. V A: Lexi. Law PubH,h ins< )·5 I.

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Recall Ri,k f""' .... T .. , R.,.I". Ac<:uracy..,d " ",. A"""'8 ChoI .. ,.",1 SC .... ni"ll Pan",,,,,,,,,, lI,all/o 1'"dooI<>g,.. 25. 425·432.

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o.,·i,. 0 .. & Loft ••. E.F. r.!O(6) Ps",holor;,,, in ,h. {"""5i< ~"'I<I. I" Oonal~so". S. I.. U.rtt,. D.E. & I'<L,kk. K.IEd .. l Applin' ,")ThologF /-I, ... IroN;". and .... ""O,,Hng ro .... ~"" M.I".·oh. NJ: Erlb .... m. p 171·200.

Loll .... E.F .. Wokho\"C •• D .. & ""8<. D. (2006) " ,,.,.., T~Mi_F P')Thol08ict,l. i., ... ,,;8"';''' ~nd ",·,,*"n,;"I/H'>p«';'''''' 10 A. lIo"",·Ann,uoni. Ii. Shophetd. C. Cudj<>"""" & D. WoIct>ov<. (Ed,) Wi,.". l~"i""",y: P"dwio6irol. 1.'·~";8"'i\ .. aoo [,;tknJ;IIII'mf"l"I;' ..... O'fMl. Eng: O'fOtll Uni'~""'Y Pre ... 1·22.

B.,un ·LaT"" •• K.A .. LaTour. M.s. & Loll",. E.F. (2006) I. ,ha,. fmg<. in my ehi)i?: U.i", ./f«li"" .'h·.~i'ing ('" I">'lCnsi. I>"ond "~,, O",~III1,,'~1 '" R",,,,,,,,,,, Admi~;""";",, Qu""~TI)". 47. ~. 1(J6.120.

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COtty. M . & Lofi., . E.I'. (2006) ROa./i"8 i"'Q ,h. "",I of "'itnc<. no,. Gmm,J P,y('/",I''r;M. 4 1. '2. II· 12 (E ... y).

II,)"" •• It .. COtty. M. & 1.<>11. ,. F.f. (20C16) On ,he Cont,n",ns l..ock of Scit""r", E_i<lo"", for Rep", .. i"". /J,/oal"IOf"<,/..,d /Jro;w Scifflc<,. 29. 521·522. lof,,,,,. E F. & Doyle. I.M. (2006) I:'''';'"~'' T~";"""'r: CMI ""d Cr;m;""I. ~ C_ul",;, ... Supp/",,,"" Oo_ ... ill<. V A: Lex;, Law PubHshins< ).55.

"" Thomas. A.K.. Il,nnul .. D.E. & W,u,. E. F. (2007) Ilow "'If·.d< .... . " imavn"ioo .IT"". n><orory for \>oh,,·iout. A/lpli«i C"gn;';'.,. p,)n."'O!l .. 21. ""'·M.

Morpn. C. A. III. Ilozl<n. G .. Baranoski. M .. Doron. A .. Southwick. S .. & lof,.,. E.F. (2007) A<=1>ey of .}~"·i'o ... i<ieoM", .. ioo i. ,ign,r",.." ly .. "",i.oed "" i,h ptrfonn.nc< oro • "ond>nli.te<l ,es, of fa« """",ilioo. InI",."'i~ )""rnaI of u. ... '" P')Thi<Jl", 30. 213·223. lof,,,,,. E. F. (2001) Eli, ... l>o,h F. 1.ofI., (A.,oI>;.,gtapl1y) In I~nd' .. y. C. & ~ "nya". M. (Ed,) /liMO?' <f P')'chol<>gJ I. ""'obiogNJloIoJ Vol . IX W.", iOJ;'oo. OC: A"",ric.., P>)"<l>oIoVnl A"""""ioo Pre ... P 19IJ..221.

Wa./e. K.A .. Sharm .... SJ .. Gony. M .. ~kmon. A .. Muzooi. G .. ~krd,dto.ch. II .• & Loll",. E.F. (2007) Fal .. cl. i"" abwl f.l ...... ....,.-y ..... on:h. C"",d, .. ,..~" .J C"gnil;"n. 16. 1~28.

Socctoi. D. L. M .. Agoolj. F. & Lof, ... E.F. (2007) ChanVng hi"orr: [)OC,oml photo!'""",,' ./fec' n",n\(OO)" r." POS' public .' .. etNdiA'S911G1!U~)(.~\C·m~IO~Z.

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o..i,. O. &: W,." 1l.F. (2007) Inkmal.nd n'omal ..... <= 01 mi,information in :0<1.1, wi'lI<>< n",n><"Y. In M.P. T",I; .. J.~. Ro<>J. OY. R.,... &: R.C,I.. un<l!.ay (bl.). l/(u"Jlx~'* « "<M';"'",, ,,.,...001<>/1, ' (Vol I~ M,"""Y fo, ,,·m/>. Mah,,'oh, Nl : Erl~m, p 19j·237.

W, .... EY. &: Coh;lI. (. (2007) Mo"""Y d;soon;oo' F""" m;"nf"""",,;oo !<} r>ch f., .. ""'''>Ot)' In N.imo. l5. (Ed.) TN r""ndaliom of R,,,,,,,,bn;nl: t;"",,..;n Il00,,, o/lI,n,), L RoM;"" III. New Y<n: Ps)'<h<>logy Pm. •. P 4IJ-In.

Oark. S, E. & Lo~ ... E. F. (2007) In Groen<, l. (Ed.) Eye"'i'"", E.KI<oc<. f:"cydoP"f;a 0/ /'o/;ct' S<-i,nn'. r «Iilu,.,. p 491-19S. NY: Rw,ledge.

WI ... E. F, (2007) Forge"ins: The (ale 0100« karned, b., "forso<'on", ma'ori. l .. In ilL Roedig<r. Y, 0..<1>;. & S. M. " "p1Ir>ck (E<Ii) Sci,,,,, of M<",my : C,"""''''>, NY: O,f.,.-u Un"~,y Pross. 321 ·324.

W, .... ~, F. (2007) M.mor~ Oil"","",,, _n>. SoI,·ed • .-.1 U_l'~. In Gony. M. & lIo)'n •. II (Ed.), f)o JU>lh ..,d /Lillo. Sid., r,dl: f:U",brlh Lvft'" 'lnd /0" """'T;bI</;O'" '0 ",;,nct'. la., and "","'mk /"«1,,... M,~"·ah. I'll: .... "· .. nc. F.rlbo"m 11..""', ..... p 1·14.

Oif.sef" S.L .. Garry. M .. & WI ... E.F. (2007) 5o"in8 the =<>rtl (or vidro o. mo,..) .. raish' 00 ""'''''''Y: ,h. ,,;.;100 camora <'IlQoJel of mo"""'l' .no;) ",I-.:-t "",mory m)'h~ In $, Doll. S.,. (Ed) Tal( lal" "bow thr m;nd and b",; •. Q,ford. Ensland & NY: QAfon! Uni""r>ioy PTe .... p 6(). 7j.

Cony. ,\I, & Lon ... E.f . (2007) Rop ... oed ""'''''''Y. In C1atk. ]),$, (Ed) t'''''''~'I''(/;a « u". ""(/ Sock",. Thou>and Oak., Ca. : ~< Pub!j ........ P. 1307· 1309,

W, ... E, F. & 5'0;""'" R.L. (2()(n. MlI'<h 9). If ""'''''''Y .,,,,-eo. lVail S""" }"""",I, p. A 14.(ap.ed) -~y, C. & WI ••• E.F.(2008) E_ionol <'OO'onl of"""..-.l f. l", "",morin. M~', 16. SOl·SI6. Go-r.>o-ns. E.. lie"",.;". D.M .. M.",kolb/lch. II .. l~n<lo ... C,_ R>.y, ..... l:ers. l" & tof' .... Ii .F, 0(08) ~ins faloe bdief. and oIo<ir beh»'i"",1 oonocq"".OC<:S. p,,-d>oI<>/I;cal Sdrnc<. 19, 749-7S3

Sh""""'. S, J.. COtty. M .. JO<:>lbso>n. lA. l,.on ... F. F. & 1)iO!<}. P.II (2OOIl) 1'.1 .. ""''''''''''. for .n~· oI· life deci,ioo.. I/,olth 1',)"Cholor,.. 27, 291 · 296, ~y. C .. 1'"",,1.,. N 11 .. N.l"",. K.J .. l.I.m".;n. D. M.& I",ft" .. 1;1'. (2008) The re ...... nce off.l .. .. Iier., Actal'.,...hO/ogica 129. 190· 197

lIo-tk",,·;,.. S.R .. l-a<l.y. c.. ,\1"" ... F. K .. C""'l'. M .. & W,.,. ~. F, (200II) PIu,o I:loh.ving l.!adly: Fal", .. Iid',.oo thei, """""",o.n,- Am"''''''' )ou"",1 of P~'cholOll),. 121.6-13-660.

Wrigr.:. D, & (.<>it ••• E.~'. (2OOIl) Eye",;,n ... M."""Y. In CQtw:-n, C, ..-.l Coo""'.y . • \I .A, (Ii<l» .If,,,,,,,., in Ih, Itrol World, 3td Edi,ion. 1I0l'<..-.l N< .. , YorI;: P,)"I>oIo1!J I'r<" .. P 91 · 106. ~y. C .. K ..... S. 0 .. Morri •. F..I\.. lIo-tko"';'<. $ R .. 1Ie".....,n , D.M .. & t"n.~ !;.F, (2008) The Red

Iloning ",ehn""e; A mclhodolosieal rdpOO«: 10 , ... probIom of <krnar.d < ..... ><1ori .. ie. , /",<'h"h'Skal It .. rorth. 12. 36.2·315. ~y, C .. Morn., E.K .. B<"",dn. D"\1., W.hr.dd. S,M .. & WIllS, E.F, (200II) A_us •• Iov< ""'Y: Ho,l,hi<t .",;ng """IJ ... J"SO a f. l .. ""'''''''Y '''''Y, F-'i"';"""'''' P~"ChnI,,!y, SS. 291 ·300,

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WI ... E.F, (200II) GTaduak School: A,h;'" for all 'imn In Amanlla C, Kta<ro & 1.., J. W. II""" (&10) .o.p,J(,-in! '" G.<>4",~, S<-hml ;n P~Th,,',,!,-. p 51·S4, W .... 'nllOO. 1)(:: "'mor>can Ps)~I>oIo.ic.1 Asoocialioo Pm,.

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The Roy;ol Socie'y. Loodoo Ameri< ... P>)"holnl;;al A, ,,,. Ano/leim M.,.l'\aoclln~i'u"'. Wes, B<~in A",.ri< ... Soci.,y ofC'im;"",OI:Y. o.n'~' M<rrill Lyneh. Polm Spring>

.~

Univrn;i'y of Bri,i.h ColomtH. Univrn;i,y of TOf"(JtlIO Willi,,,,, CoII<ge (IBM l«1urcship) Ro.tnOke College (Fovo'l., '-«'o«. hip) Hebrew Univc"i'y. J<ru .. lem Maryl""" Bar As.soci"'ion.

"

Colifomi, Auom<)"> for Crimin. 1 '."ice. Los Angeles

C""""i.., Bar Assn. o....no B,..,-.ch A TI.A. An ..... 1 Me.·"ng Nonh ....... rn L.w School PhiI"".'pI1i. Pul)!ic o.fende,· , Off"", Se"ul<: Public Def.nder", Off",. No'" Sooti. 8."", ..... 1I.lif ... Selen«: ... d Public Policy Semin ....

1'«Ie,*,""". W .. hingoon. DC C" lifomi. Sial< Uni •• "i'y Admini"~<K5

Coofe,.."", 00 Co"",,",,, & F.du< .. """ Coo'inuing Mcdle,,) EdU<". U. of Washington .W, Califomi. Slate Uni .... i'y. Lons B.a<h Von<io,tKltIPe_y. N ....... ,1e Nonh Clroiin. P>)"I>oIop,. 1 Confc~.

Nonh Con.>/in. Sial< 01>;" Wesl<yan Univa>i'y .\I ,n,.,..,.. Po)'<~y Conf=""" CR: iglxoo Universi'y. N.bra.k. 1_ SUte Uni' ..... ,'y L< id.n Uni .... i'y. Th. Nctbcrl""", Son Diego o.fe";'" N.w Mexiro Trial Lawy ... T."ne .... A,,". 01 Crimi".1 o.fe".. La""Y"" Nonh .... ".rn L.w School W .... ing'oo A,we, .. ion of Def.n", Cw" .. 1 A lLA Crimin.1 Sem ...... 11"",,011 Court AppoiN«i Spec;al Ad,''''''' AWl Nonh ...... Wo"",n·. uw Crn'., C""'_ o.fe".. 1 ..... "Y" ... A"""ioo"", Am<ri<.., A'sociation of L.w Librarin. NV UnivetSily of Brid,.""" Law 5.;""", Tn .. R==h In"i,.",.lIoo"on Ge,,,,," "'yd'oIQii<a.I So<ie1y (l ... w &

Po)"I>oIoV Di.i,ion). B",.n«hwciS' FRO ," " " ",,, for "'~plioo. TNO. SoeSle'l>etg.

The N<1hct1onds

. '1-" .... ..... . " ._"""'.... ......

Bu",,,,, of u.bor S,atist;". "."".li. (Kc)'llOlc) W .. hingI(HI PC Public o.r<o<lo" .\1«1;';" l ... ,.1 s..: .... y ofQu«n,lond. Smillooni.., In>litu'e A.",ali.

1'11f7 Rrigh:un Y"""J Uni' ...... 'y I. .. ", Scl>o<>l Univ,,"ily of Nc,'lKia, ReDO BYU P>yd>Olop- o.p.>I1mclll Uni>m"y of No~h ().1k(J(, Ih)'\o< Un;' ...... '~ t.aw $d",ol Calif"",;a JLIIlidol 51.din Uni,..,,,;'), of Cal ifornia, S"" Di<SO H.",. n.ll..ow Sc!IooI Un;"",,;(y of W"'''.''on I. .. ", Sd>ooI Ou~< Low School 19l19 Uni • ..,.;,)' of South C.",lIi"" l .... Scbool Y.I" Uni' .... i'y L .... School AIUI .. I Joseph C<>h<n L«turc.nip, Uni.mil), Yak F'>rcoolot!)" Dcpanmc ..

of Mis"",,,. "''''' .... City Un;""""y of M;';hipn 8riti<h l'>ycl>oIopcal Soci<'ly. Brigh',"" Univ",,;,), of Califomi&. s.a., Di<ll"

Engl. r..! N"" .... m Ke",,,,,ky Un;,'.,,;,y US COIIrt of Military App<al. Conf. W.>II, DC s.."h<m Ind i .... Uni",,"it)'. E, .... "ill. (MOd · 1'1 .. ;"".1 A<;a.lemy of .... "';"' .. ," .. , N.... An .. "". Conf .... ""'. KeyOOl¢)

Orlean' Nonh ...... <m Law Scl>ool J"(\;<;ol Coof..,."". "fW .. hi"""". PC W .... m 1's)'<ho\oc;';.1 A....:i.,"",. Rono Uni'eni'y of U.\ IEA. Sw<<I<n Nonhw<"<rn Law School for I'f"'«\ItOCl and o.""and·~b<Slul1 L ... School. C,.,,,'.nd d.f.nl< .tt"",.yo. Ch;">.g<} looi""" Uni, .. "ity Low Sdtool, Bloomington Arne';".., Bar A"n, litiS"'''''' Se<1, lloooluiu 100"" Uni" .... i'y I'>ycholo)gy De-pattment Briti.., I'>ycholog;".l S<x>ety, C<>gn,ti,'. lkbfew Un" .. "ity. J<,""'lem S«1k>n. C>.mbridge, England Cornell Un"' .... ',y 1'1\00 W .. hinglOn Assn 0( Criminal Defe""" l..ei<l.n U,.,;,' .... "y. ,,,. Net"."and. Lo~'ye" Emory UniV<'fSity, ~l""bulb Mc"""}"

T<""es",. A ..... ofCnm,nal Defen", Lory... Conf .... "" ReronJ .... ·• C""~. Det"';' Ame';".., Bar A.social""'. Satdlite Seminar

1'Jlll! on JU<)I Con"' ........... ""'. Wash'ngton. IX: Calif""". JL>ll;"ial SI.din (Judges) Uni, .. "ity 0( W«t Virgin Oa. ",. .... "'" W .. h'nglOn O'n ... ' Justice n"n'n, Cogn,t"", Conf .... ""

Committe. (PoI;"e) ABA Lit igation Sec, Trial Practice Committe<. AnAN.wYooi< I'hoen" New YorI; Univc"ity Ann<nbet-g Confercoce 00 Sel""ing l~i.1 Nonh\<'"""" Lo ... School J",ieo. W'''''ngton PC Ohio A.", ofCnmin.1 Def<n« Lawy<r>, Unh""'ty 0( Pittsburgh

C,n<,nn"" Nonh~ ..... m Low School Sarlo< Uni .. "ity, Ware, T<~ .. (0r.lI lIistory Europ<an Coof<re""" on Low '" l'>yd-.olo8Y,

&M."""}") Nu ... .merg.Cemuny Southeastern Loui.iana Uni •. (Scholar in Unh .. "ity 0( Min......,.. Low School

Re"<1<""e) IY\lI Ua\"CrfOfd CoII<j."< National Inst itute 00 Teaching of l'>ychoJosy. Ari..,.. St ... Un"""'ty (I'>ychology 1'1<)<,<10

DefWIm<nt and Low School) ABA (American ~ Foundat""') R<>cky Moon",n I'>ychololical A"n Ontario I'>ycholog;".' A,,,,,,,,,ion. T<)fl)f'Ito (K<)'~) R)~ Colleg<, Conada. lith Annual

Un" ' ..... 'ty of Orell"n 1'»~h<>IoJY I.«tu", North Caroli"" Acatkmy 0( Tn.1 La"'Y"f', Aoi<..,~ AntMJ.ll'>yd-.oloV- Coof.re""" c-nsboro (Ke)""," Spe,!:e,)

Lone County L.o .. , Fooum. Oregon Se,ttle Rotary NATO M,,,n«<J S'ooy InSl't", •.. \ 1....... N'>nh", ..... m Un" ..... . y l..al\" School

Italy Uni, .. "ity 0( Lethbridge, Conad. AnA. Ann .. ' Mm;ng. ".nsaoCity """frConf .... "" 00 CIlIn't""~' Northw"'<m Low School fo< f'«"«'"''''' and Canada

<l<f ..... "lOme)'$ So,;;"y of Rntish Cot.,nt' •. Coot,nu,ng Legal Cook C",,"y Public DefeOOe" Education

'nt ........ ", .. , Cons ..... <rf "'~~~'&~~1'i~bllfOR ~'RE~~. NY

• J -<: .... ».". . , 7 ._"""'_ . ... " .. ..

logol Aid Soci<'y. NY AlOS Su,,<), R ... on:h M.,hodoIog),

Coof<",oc<. Rockvill<, MD eo...r.. foo ~,'n& an~ ~.f.o .. . ,,,,,,..,)'s. Nonh~-.''''m Law

A,,..,Tiean "'),<,110",,"01 A, ... ~ F"""",..,. " Un'.m"y of ToronlO

Onurio Soio""" C<ntr. Chiof hec","" Orpo,,,,,"," F"",m.

Vanrouvor Un"m"y of Go<q" (Wm. 0...0, A .... ,

l..«1u,csh'p) Soh In' ..... 'io .. , Conf,,,,,,,,,, "" .\'U"'ple

Po"""al"ylDi,,,,,,i",vc S",,,,, (PI<nary Speak ... ). Ch;o'f'

""<Ioral Bu",.u 0 In ... ,,;,aI"" (FBI), Wosh,ni'lon S .. ,.

'"' 1000maoio"'I..i,,.o'''' A.soc''''''''' ( K.)'""," Spe"")

Unovm"y of Tonn ....... K ..". ,-;no Mi"i"ippi S"'''' Un;'<J>i'y ".<10", Pef.n<iets "" ... Son 0;.,0 Reed CoIleg. """"0"" Com"'un"y Coil.,. Uni .... i'y of Califomi .. S .. '" eruz Au&"" . .. College. 111'0,", (S""'" Mo""';. '

l..«1uro) Con><l"" 1.1..- Assoc''''''''. TOt(Hl'O Uni.rn;i'y of Toledo NATOC .... f .... oce.I.>.o« .. I'.,y Criminal Ju"~ ActSemi .... ( I« ),OOI<). ~ ~~

P.oi ChW,«Irid Ho~-.lIlc,,"i, o;"inguill1«l 1e"'u .... IIPIl. W,.h'ngo"" DC

Grand Roond" Perm""'nl of I\y<hialry. Un"' .... ',y of W,.h'ng1Oll MO<h<., Seh>ol

Ai, F<>= Ac.<Iomy. Colondo Sl""in,' Fo<.l,y Au""at)'. Un".""'y 01 W"""o",," Uni v",i'y of S'odhol m, S~'«kn S~ .. ~"h l\y<IIo",,;O., A...,.;,,,,,,,, ( K,ynote Spe"" )

Gnu., ln,,"u, •. Sq .... V.Il.y La .. ·","", Uni'"<T';'y (Wi><oo.in. Coovoc",k>n

Spe ..... 1 FJC Criminal i'rocr<lu", Semin ... fof Fod<ral J.~g ... Poln, lie"""

'"' McGill Univcni'y (~.O. Ikbb l..«1u=) A"',Tie .. l\),<,h, .. Tie "", n. S. n F""",s«> La,,'.Psydloiogy Sympo>ium (1« )'001<

(YPOA). Seal,", ",""r", Nonh .. -es, Wri, ..... 50",,1< Mid .... " ..... P>yohok>@icalA>sn.Chicago NACDI)A11.A CoIl<g. ofT"., A"'""",y

Semin .... Los V<g .. A_Tiean 11<><1,",), 0( r.,... .... " Psy<holog)'.

Coo' inuing Ed""aI"", '",i,<tl Worksh"!' '\ ' Y"''Y Wr ...... 0( A"",ric. Coloratlo P.y<hok>@".IAs>n,Asprn S ... ',,, M.mory Ps)'<"""'1)1 ""'gra"', V., ..

Swi".rl .. d '\'«l;o.,·t~gal Socio,y 0( T""""o Amoric.., Psyo"""'llio. 1 A,soci.~oo. '""i'<tl

..... 'i<oo';n Clm Uni,,, Coof on Traum. and M.mory

'W' Orriok, Ikni.,._, Su,cliff< R ... ", ... S,I,«...,

M.r= I,land Rooary St",,1< Fo",nlic In,, "u,. B,y SIal< M<tlio. t C.nlOr, Trauma and

M."",,)' Conf .... "' •. Springf .. "" MA Uni, .. "i'y 01 N ... · M<~ioo M<tlio. 1 Sohool

(Grand ROIl .... ) R«l Riv ... Uri<I<lQlIdu .. < Coof ... rn<e. F"'8"

Nonh 1~(I<.y"",.) t.cid<n Uni,<"i'y. Th< N<lhorl ... ;1> N .. _I A"",,'aboo 0( Cr'm'n.' Dof.n ..

La"?"",,, W.",iogoon. DC W"""n&,,," A"n ofCn",,, .. 1 Dof.n ..

AIl<>m<y. Uni"" ... i,), 01 San Di.go. School 01 Uw. Cl.£ Mi ,,,,,, I. P>yoh i .. ric 5<f'!i<=. Conf<f<...,. 00

I.ow and Psy<hi><'Y. ~"''''''''' ~,,,,,t;"'" MindlBrainlo.h"ior f>rogr.om, M<mory

Distortion ConI .... ...,., ttatvar<l Un'v .... "y GrorJ;, P.yol>otogioa l A"n Con'in"in,

!"h"ation. A'l ...... S imon Fraser UniV<1'si'y, (1<<)">01< ..,."""" """f.",,,,. "" M.moti<o 01 So'u.' A!>us<).

V:IOCtJlJ ........ Canada ,'" Aonual !)gal DiS<l<ll<, Conf .... ...,.,

Botb",<, Washingooo Stanford Univcnit)'. Psy<holog)' Colloqu,"m Stanford Unit .. ",ity M.dic.1 School.

DoIW''''''"' of Psy<h,,,,'Y, G,"'" Rounds Amoric.., P,yo"""'gioa l Soci<oy (T<"'hinS

In,,"",.). W ...... DC Commill" for Ih< Seio .. if .. In,""iga'loo of

Cla,n" of , .... Paranormal (CSICOP) Psyoh M<lI>OO, in , .... In,,"igal"" and Coon T ..... ""'o, of Se .... , A!>us<. T.,n>$O.

Spe . . ... I. C. lof"...,. St.,. Un, •.. Full.n"" New M<>ioo Psycllolog;o.1 A"nIN< ... M<>ioo

Tn.1 L . .. ')' ...... S. "'. I'. Nor .... y ~~IS F""oo",ioo Coof. Vallo, Forg<. PA A_Tie .. A, .. of "",,10< W.,f .... A"""",),O, Y"""g Pros"",n,'o Otgon,,,,,,,,,, A,"","", So.,,1<


. , 7 ._"""'_ ...... .. ..

loP""<'" l':<ycholic.1 A". ( l<)'I101<~ ToI<)'l ..... 'Il< Law, Orl • .-.lo, Florida J~ Fedo<",ion of Bat A'''''';aI.' ... ToI:)'Q 'n"m .. ;o..1 s.:.:"'y for ,he S'~d)" of Univ.,,;,y of Co""""", Dcn' .. " Di""""ialk>n. Uok< Bucn" Vi ..... FL a,,,"n, T.,pc. in M",,31 lle. l,h & I ... ,", C.];fomi. S .... Uni" .... ;'y. lIu oi>ol(t Co .. CA

Sc .. ,1e W<>ICm lIumanit;., ConfCfrn<C, S .... Crim" .. ' l..>~"}, .... ' """ •• T""""o 1.I>t1wa (k<y""",: iii",,,, .. of .\I<mo<y) Criminal Tri .. Llwyc,. A .... , Albeno, Canada WO>l1;08''''' S'.,. p,)"ookls",.1 As>oci",,,,,,, k>hn. II,,\,kin, ,\10<1",. 1 Sc).(N)lII'-~IS An ..... 1 ""'0"1 (f ... u<td S,..~ ... ). Torom.

Foooda"oo Coof 00 Merno<y and Roolil)'. American Academy of "'ych'aI'Y and the Law 1'\.>1,1._. M>ryl.nd (ke),OOI<) (l .• ""....,. ley"",.: Memo<)' I);".,..,""' ~

1m An,",.1 MOOins. x.uk. W:o>hingt"" Uni'-..,.;,y of W .. hinl'on MO<lic31 School. en"'; •• ] l ... ",'}'<'f$ ",,,,,,,,i.,.,., Y""""o

Pain Grand RooOO, Univ",,;.), of K .. "" {Feme·Fisch<r·l'<>rmann Uni'..,.;,y of Colifomi . .. t.oo Angele. l..«," ... t~ I","" ... ne<. K.n .... A"",ric ... A<:ockmy or Foren,ic Scic""".. Judgm<nI & l:JKi,,,,,,, Mwng c""rorcncr,

Ann .. ' .\1«1'.1 An ..... ] ""lin~. I.". Ang.1os (k<Y"O") King Coun'y I>comi,"<>. S!,,<ial A ... ul, Uni, Ade lph i Unive",'y. Con,.,;"" ..... Sy~ .• Univ=i,y "r Pi" ..... <gl> C .... nni,l S)'It~Ct. G>nIcn C;ty. !'lY Pcnn'yl .... i. Coofere"", of Stat< Trial JudJ!<' Wal!1ing'oo Un i\o'Cf';'y Medical School. Uni,·..,.i,y or California. S. n f rancisc<>. 1'»~l>i.''Y (Gild<> 1.« ...... ). S,. Loui>

Dq..""",nt of l'>yclIiatJy Grand R""nd> 1m Univ..,.i,yof K.n .... Medical C ... ., Cal,·in CoIl.g •. Thc J,n'-"""Y SC, .... G,..,,~

(Childhood ;ex abu"".oo "",morlos Rapid .. Michipn """f ....... ) Uni' .... ily 0( Cal if. I)o.,·i .. !'l.u",,,,""""

looi ... Uni",,,ity. Sooth Bend (keyoot< to Colloquium """''''''''''''''00 115<1> ) ..... . "";, . .......-y of IU) In ,.,,·.1 R ... ....,I> Corporal"". P,1o AI,"

Ric<: Unive"ity. llou",," i'aciroc Sociological A.",. Amual Meeti",. 9""i~ M.moriall.e<:lu ... ,. Rocky .\'""n,,;n Se."I.

l'>J<hological A"n. Bookie, John lIopkin. Medical l""i,u,c/Io-"ISF. San N""oo.II""ici.I I.~i,ulC. Scmirrat r", JudJ!'" Di.go Winni)'lt~. Manitoba. Canada SW'h .... "'e'" I'l;ychological A.,od".,.,.

Uni,·..,.i,y or IIlillOi .. Chic",o. Di~ingui"'ed An .... al M .... 'ng.. II""""" (k.y"",,) l..<c1ur •• Mi"" ..... m l'>ydl<llogic.1 A'.... Memory Rctric .. 1 Controversy Cooference.

c..-rIOgi. M.II"" Uni'·.rsi ,y. 27,1> annu. 1 T ... ", Un" .... ilY. PclCr1>otr.>ugt.. Onoorio coofe ... ncr. Pinsburgh Tro,h :':"iooalC""f=nccon U~~""'e

:.:",ioo. 1 A."",i",i(rn of Lcpl In,· • .,;p""'. Rescarcl>. Un" ...... 'y of NMI> CaroI,na. Annual Con, .. ",ioo. """'land Mhcville. (key""'e)

American l'>ychological Soci.,y (In,·" ed A_an PMo,,,p"ic.1 Sock,y. AM ..... I <pcaker). New York Mmins. PhH.dclph'"

Ch..,., II<l\3v."..1 11 • • 1", S)~lCo1 of ~I.. NATO In lO ..... ,.,,,,1 C>nf. RcroI1O«"'" of W<>rhIlops 00 Memory. SeAual Trau,"" &: 'raurna. FrnK"< (main '1'<"" .. ) .... La .... (In'i1«1'1'<>I<.,). Se." le. S"" Stwno;I ln ,.m.,;"'.1 c""r .... 1'1« on M.mory. Frond""". San Diego Un i,=o i'yof !'ado, ... Italy (kcy'-)

Council of Ap)'ltll ... Staff A"orn.)~ (ARA In ,.m.,;"'01 c""r .... nce "" ec ... nal)" of Scmi ... ,~ BI.ine. W.s.hin¥'on Pi"8<,·. Sinh. Uni" .. ilC de Ncuchatcl.

American A<:*01Y of F"",n,ir: "'ycil<>logy. S",i" .. rland Di"ingui.h«l Com,ibu1io", A .. ·anI adr:!1tl.. Grin",,11 College. Schol"" Conl""'''ioo APA on.",1 <rree<inl- N.,.. Yo'" C;,y ,peak.,. Grin""ll. "'" .•

Univrn;i'y of Pcnn'yl, ... i. M«Ikal School. Uni, .. "ity of Tn ... U<><»too. Dc~mc1M of Dcparo",.,n, of "'y<:hia1ry (G",nd Ror.rn<ls) P')~l>i.'ry or.! U.luvioral & .. 1'1«'

Assn f", A,h-ancrmc1M of BelI .. ·ior Thcrapy Unh .. "ity ofC.lifomi .. Rivrn;KIc. Memory Ann",,1 .,..,i.g. W .. l>ingwn DC (key""") R""UI"'Y $: C ..... ;"" Conf .... """ (keyn",.)

C.liforni. Public Dcf.nd<" A" ... Napa. CA Ohio Unh""'ty. Athc",. 011 I3c 1' .... 1 lloopi\3l. H.,,·anj M«Iic. 1 &"""1. Uni, .. rsilY of S<:><nl> f1ori~ .. S......" •.

"'ychi0"Y G,and Round, (honorinl F. Conf .... """ 00 o,ik! AblJ", in Ou, T,m" Frank.l) Sc .. ,\c Fo ... nsi< !n",,", •. coor .... """ ""

"",nh Annual Confere""" 00 M.nlaillcal,h Se,ual Abu",.oo i" Rccolknioo UNClASSIFIEOI/fOR PUBLIC RELEASE

. , 7 ._"""'_ ..........

1'0'",;.,.,.1 Guild of lI)'pooli"', P .. df", NW O"1" ... 'od ,1>0 W .. hinS"'" 1I)'l"">Ii' A,,,,

Amme ... P>l"holosiral Sock,y. AnDU.1 n>o<,ini. $.>. Fro",i""" (Pre.id.",ia] S)''''P'>';um 'I;'"okr) ~ Uni" .... ")'. A,I,m, Uni.",;,)' ofTeus. A .. ,in 1'1 .. ;.,.,,1 Child Abu .. Dof.n .. & R."",,,,"

Cen,Cf. Soh In .. mal;"",,1 Confc",nce, Las V'p".NV

low. Sial< Un;, .. ,,;,y. Am<>. low. 1'1"",.,1:3 P>)'Clmlop:.' A"""i .. ;"". Onuho W .. hinglOn Un;, .. "h),. S" Loui, "'pl(Jt~ori"m (Sok",. Mu ... m). S.n

Franc,sco 1'1 .. ;.,.,,1 In ~i, ... of 1I •• "h. Conf .... "'. on

Self. Report, IkIhe .... , MD Colif""". All"""'>" fn< Cnmi"", Jg"ic •. s..n

Franc;"", ,m

'."ke Comrni,,«, Confe",,,,,. 011 "0.)' 0( CollIn,.",:' Sal ...... MA

N",i"".1 In";'." of Ik.llh. Coofe",,,,. 00

Und .. ,nn ...... U.,1\esJ.a. ~I D American A."",;.bon fOf Ad"llllCCmen' 0(

5<;;" .... Ano",,' M .... inl W .. hington Un;v ... h)'. S,. Loui. (A""ml>y

Speak.,) Uni .. ,,;,)' of Ar;LOO. ~"" S, ... Univ. "".S .... ,II.",,1Ie1 W. ,""

Eiken W.Le;ho",; ... Lecou",. Univ Park. PA """n,lIorkin, Uni" .... i'y ~1«1ica] School.

Bohi",."." MD F .... M.""""l' Syodroo>e Fouod",;oo,

Coofe",,,,,,,. Bal,i"",,,,. MD 9r"""y Univ. Ce ... nni., Spe.ker. renn •. It Americ ... College of Foren.ir P>yoOoi.osy. ~"in S".ak.,. Vaocoo".'. C.","""

"" ..... m P>ycholoj;iral A"n. In.';I«1 .".ake,. S.""Ie. WA

1'1",;.,.,.1 In" 00 Druj; Abu ... Rochilk. MD In""""",,,,1 Women', Forum. W .. h. DC. Cen .. , for In""iry •• Rocki<>, Coofe"'n« 011

Ge""., Poli,ir, nf 5<i ..... Soul""". CO Memory Coofe",nce (key_c). Bar II ..

Uni"."i1y. , ,""" N",i"".1 Ch;ld Abul< Def '" R«OUr« Cen'e"

6<h , ...... ,;0 ... 1 COOf ........ t .. V.p .. NV Uni • .,.;,)' of Grooi"8en, Gron;ngen, TIl<

N.,lIetl."", (S' ''';.m Gen .... Ie) Lecture. lk)'mans In";ou,. for Fundamental

P>y<holos'" R ... an:h. Uni •. nfCron,ng.n Twcnl< Un; ... "hy. Enocl>cdc, Nelhcrlands Uni' .... i')' of M,..,n.;",. Th. N.,hert .. "" TIl< Whidden Lectu,e;, MeM .... , Uni, .. ,,.;,y.

Ibmil,.,. . C,.ad>

Coofe",,,,",, 00 F,II< MenlOt)' C",.,;.,.,. ~loriu. A,bmic Uni,..,.;,y. 11.0<. R"oo

Coofe",,,,",, 00 Rcrovcring R<pr«><d Me"""i .. or C .... "nl Fal .. On ... ~lor;.,u A, I,,"irUniv,

Th. Mari,n Jane CU'"" M.,,.,.,..;.,,=" .... 5<ri('l" CoIl<ge, CA

Ame"""" 1'>)'oIoU·I ...... Soc"'y (Major inv;1«I addrasj. Rctlondo. CA

1'1_ Ccp1i';oo, COOfe ...... (Key"",. .".akCfI. Florida [n .. maI""",1 Univasi'y

g.., An"".' N.,,,,,,,,I Sy,,,,,,,,,ium on M.n,.1 Ik.11h '" La .. ·• Miami. PL

Th. SPI:5 S<o<ie'Y. Naple .. Fl Uni, .. "i'y nf Mirhigan .cosni'ivc P>yctr C~,

Sial< 0 .. of Ml<higan. U'i!";"" Sen;oo, (f ... "<t

1' .. """,1 Association of Crimin,l Defen'" I ... ,,'), ... ""n",1 "....i"8. S"" .. Monic .. CA

Coon<ct;"", Bar A".n, Eye .... i'n<>S T<>timooy & Fall< M.,"""'; .. (Spt<'i.1 C .... " Speak«). Ilartford. cr

Coof...,,,,. On Me""""l'. Con><iorrsn.".. l.I,..i" (T"lving Conference!. T.mnn. Eo,,,,,;.

l'lori),<holfll,y ofT •• """,ny. Port!mOO,h, England (K<ynoIe)

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(Biller R<lif<m<no) Spokane, WA Calif, Slat< Univcr.;ily • L.onj! Ekoch. lI0m0r·UQ.A Mo.);,,>! Ce", ... Psych,,,,,y. Ps)~hoIoJY o.y Key..,.. Spook ... CA

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Medic. l. Orange. CA Uni' ..... i'y of I..,.i" .. ". Un;vrn;i'y of CaJif. OfT,.., of tIr. Pm;""n ' , Nonhem Uj;hts p'y<oolosY Confercocc 00"""". CA , k.y""",). G",,,,, Fork<. 1'1)

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Uni.",i'y of Soothcm C.liforni.

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