05.07.2015 ghJfhtyd; 1

05.07.2015ghJfhtyd;2

vd;d elf;FJ ,q;f?aho;g;ghz kiwkhtl;lj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy; ,d;W

gyUk; Nfl;fpd;w Nfs;tpfspy; rpytw;iw ,q;F jUfpNwhk;: vkJ Mah; ,d;Dk; ,isg;ghwtpy;iyah? ahuhk;Gjpa MaH? Vd; ,e;j Rzf;fk;? tj;jpf;fhDf;F Vd; ,e;jmrke;jg; Nghf;F? vd;d elf;FJ ,q;f?

Nkw;gb Nfs;tpfs; vOtjw;fhd mbg;gilahd fhuzk; vd;dntdpy; ehk; jpUr;rigia ,e;j cyfj;jpYs;sVida epWtdq;fisg;Nghy; ghh;f;f Kw;gLtNjad;wpNtnwhd;Wkpy;iy. jpUr;rig xU ,iw epWtdk; (DivineInstitution) vd;gijAk; mjd; nraw;ghLfs; ,t; cyfepWtdq;fspy; nraw;ghLfspypUe;J Kw;wpYkhf khWgl;lit vd;w cz;ikia Gupe;Jnfhs;tJ kpfTk; mtrpakhfpd;wJ. xU MaH ,isg;ghWtJ gw;wpAk; Gjpa Mah;epakdk; gw;wpAk; njupe;J nfhs;tJ ,j;jUzj;jpy;cgNahfkhdjhf ,Uf;fyhk;.

xU kiwkhtl;lj;jpd; Mah; jdJ 75tJ taijg;G+h;j;jp nra;Ak;NghJ tj;jpf;fhdpYs;s jpUr;rigapd;jiyikg; gPlj;jpw;F mJgw;wpj; njuptpj;J jhk; ,isg;ghWtjhf mwptpf;fNtz;Lk;. ,t; mwptpj;jiy tj;jpf;fhd; jiyikg; gPlk; gpd;tUk; topKiwfspy; mZfyhk;:1. Maiu ,isg;ghwhky; njhlh;e;J gzpahw;WkhW gzpf;fyhk; 2. Maupd; mwptpj;jiy Vw;Wf;nfhz;L mtiu,isg;ghWkhW gzpj;J> xU Gjpa Maiu epakpf;Fk;tiumk; kiwkhtl;lj;ij eph;tfpf;f FUf;fspypUe;J xUeph;thfpia (Administator) epakpj;Jtpl;L Gjpa Maiuepakpg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffspy; <Lglyhk;. 3. Maupd;mwptpj;jiy Vw;Wf;nfhz;L xU Gjpa Maiu epakpf;Fk;tiu mtiuNa njhlh;e;J Mauhf gzpahw;WkhW gzpj;Jtpl;L Gjpa Maiu epakpg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffspy;<Lglyhk;.

vkJ aho;. kiwkhtl;lj;ijg; nghWj;jkl;by; NkNy%d;whtjhff; $wg;gl;l eilKiwiaNa tj;jpf;fhd;jiyikg; gPlk; filg;gpbf;fpd;wJ. 2013k; Mz;L A+iykhjk; vkJ Mah; NguUl;jpU Njhk]; rTe;juehafk;Mz;lif mth;fs; jkJ ,isg;ghWjy; fbjj;ijmDg;gpaNghJ tj;jpf;fhd; mjid Vw;Wf;nfhz;L xUGjpa Mah; epakpf;fg;gLk;tiu mtiuj; njhlh;e;J Mauhfg; gzpahw;WkhW gzpj;jpUg;gJ kl;Lky;yhky;> xUGjpa Maiu epakpg;gjw;fhd gbKiwfis cldbahfNt Muk;gpj;J nraw;gLj;jp tUfpd;wJ. Gjpa xU Maiuepakpf;Fk; gzpf;F xU fhy tiuaiw ,y;iy vd;gijAk; ehk; mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,J rpy khjq;fspYk;Kw;Wg; ngwyhk;> my;yJ rpy tUlq;fs; Mfyhk;> my;yJgy tUlq;fs;$l vLf;fyhk;.

,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l kiwkhtl;lj;jpYs;sFUf;fs; Jwtpfs; nghJepiyapdupd; KjyhtJk; Kf;fpakhdJkhd gzp vd;dntd;why; ,f;fUj;Jf;fhf nrgpg;gjhFk;. ,J jtpu jpUr;rigapd; Nkyplk; ,r; nraw;ghLfspy; cjTkhW rpyiu mZFk; gl;rj;jpy; jq;fs; xj;Jiog;ig toq;FtJk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ,t;thW jpUr;rigia topelhj;Jk; Ja Mtpahupd; nraw;ghl;by;ek;gpf;if nfhz;ltHfshf ,f;fhyj;ij mtUilatopelhj;jYf;F ifaspj;JtplNtz;baJ kl;LNk vk;kplk; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;w flikahFk;.

,t;Ntisapy;> jpUr;rigapd; jiyikg; gPlj;jpd;gzpg;ig Vw;W 75 taijf; fle;Jk; fle;j ,uz;LMz;LfSf;F Nkyhf vkJ kiwkhtl;lj;ij Nrhh;tpd;wprpwg;ghf eph;tfpj;JtUk; vkJ md;Gf;Fk; kjpg;Gf;Fk;cupa Mah; NguUl;jpU. Njhk]; rTe;juehafk; Mz;lifmth;fSf;F vkJ kdkhh;e;j ed;wpfisf; $Wk; mNjNtisapy; ,iwtdpd; jpl;lg;gb mtH ,d;Dk; gzpahw;wNtz;ba fhyq;fspYk; kpFe;j MNuhf;fpaj;NjhL rpwg;Gwgzpahw;w ,iw MrPh; Ntz;b epw;fpd;Nwhk;.

vkJ MaUf;Fk;> vk; vy;yhUf;Fk; vk; kiwkhtl;lk;kl;by; ,d;W vj;jidNah gzpfis ,iwtd; je;Js;shh;. mike;j kdj;Jld; mg;gzpfis gpukhzpf;fj;NjhLepiwNtw;WtJk;> vkJ kiwkhtl;lj;jpd; nraw;ghLfs;>vjph;fhyk; gw;wp ehk; guNyhf ke;jpuj;jpy; nrgpf;Fk;“ckJ rpj;jk; guNyhfj;jpy; nra;ag;gLtJNghy G+Nyhfj;jpYk; nra;ag;gLtjhf” vd;w nrgj;ij mh;g;gzpg;NghLnrgpg;gJNk ,d;iwa NjitahFk;.

mUl;gzp. g.Nah. n[gul;zk;

aho; Mah; NkjF Njhk];nrse;juehafk; Mz;lifapd;A+iy 3 Mk; jpfjp ngUtpohtpy; - mthpd; 34 Mz;L fhyMah;g; gzpia RUf;fkhf tpsf;FfpwJ ,f;fl;Liu.

1938 Mk; Mz;L Ch;fhtw;Jiwapy; gpwe;j ,th; 1963 Mk;Mz;L 25 MtJ tajpy; jho;ikNahL Copak; Ghpa vd;wtpUJ thf;NfhL FUthf jpUepiyg;gLj;jg;gl;lhh;.

1981 Mk; Mz;L jkJ 43tajpy; midj;Jk; ew;nra;jpf;fhfNt vd;w tpUJ thf;Fld;Mauhf jpUepiyg;gLj;jg;gl;L- kd;dhh; kiw khtl;lj;jpd;KjyhtJ Mauhf (1981 -1992) 11 Mz;LfSk; - aho;kiw khtl;lj;jpd; 10 MtJMauhf (1992 - 2015) 23 Mz;LfSkhf nkhj;jkhf 34 tUlq;fs; Mah;g;gzp Ghpe;J - gzpapy; ,Ue;J Xa;T ngWk; tpz;zg;gj;ij tj;jpf ;fhDf;FmDg;gpa gpd;dh; - aho; kiwkhtl;lj;jpd; Gjpa Mahpd; epakdj;jpw;fhfTk; - gzp Xa;TmDkjpf;fhfTk; fhj;jpUf;fpwhh;.

FUj;Jt nts;sp tpoh (1988)- Mah;j ;Jt nts;sp tpoh(2006) - FUj;Jt nghd; tpoh(2013) - 75 MtJ gpwe;j jpdtpoh (2013) vd gbg;gbahftpohf;fisf; nfhz;lhb kfpo;e;J epw;Fk; mtiu tho;j;jpnjhlh; gzp rpwf;fTk; - Xa;Tfhyj;ij mikjpapy; fopf;fTk; ,iwahrp Ntz;LNthk;.

mtuJ FUj;Jtg; gzpf;fhy 18 Mz;Lfs; (1963 - 1981)aho; khpad;id Nguhyak;(1964 - 1965) - top kPrhk;(1966 - 1967) - nghpatpshd;kw;Wk; aho; kiw khtl;l glg;gphptpd; ,af;Fdh; (1967) - gz;lj;jhpg;G - %sha; - rq;fhid(1968) - ehdhl;lhd; (1969 -1971) - tq;fhiy (1971 - 1973)- kiwf;fy;tp bg;GNshkh ngq;fSh; (1973) - aho; kiwf;fy;tp epiya ,af;Feh; (1973- 1977) - cNuhik ch;ghdpahdh gy;fiyf;fof fyhepjpg;gl;lk; (1977 - 1981) vd Ntfkhf efh;e;J nrd;Ws;sd.

mg;Nghija jpUj;je;ij,uz;lhk; Nahthd; gTy; ghg;gurh; kd;dhh; - tTdpah eph;thf khtl;lq;fis ,izj;Jkd;dhh; kiw khtl;lj;ijtiuaWj;jik (24 [dthp1981) - kLg;gjpapy; Mah;g; gl;lj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lik (30A+iy 1981) - Gjpa kd;dhh;kiw khtl;lj;ij nghWg;ngLj;Jf;nfhz;lik (02 Xf];w;1981) - kLg;gjpapy; kiw khtl;l Nka;g;Gg; gzp Ma;tuq;Fepfo;j;jpaik (04 - 07 ngg;uthp1982) vd;gd vy;yhk; ,jw;FKd;Nd eilngw;w rhpj;jpuepfo;;Tfs; MFk;.

vspikapd; nghf;fp\k;! nghWikapd;ciwtplk;! kiwAiuapd; khzpf;fk;!

aho; Mah; NkjFNjhk]; nrse;juehafk; Mz;lif

mUs;jpU &gd; khpahk;gps;is

kd;dhh; kiwkhtl;lk;gw;wpa KOikahd mwpTk; -epiwthd mDgtKk; -Njitahd Mw;wYk; cilakd;dhh; kiwkhtl;l kz;zpd; ike;jh; V.Nrtpah; FU];mbfshiu kd;dhh; kiwkhtl;lj;jpd; Kjy; FU Kjy;tuhf epakpj;J jdJ kd;dhh;kiwkhtl;lg; gzpapd; 11 Mz;LfSk; mtiu gzpahw;wmDkjpj;jik Njhk]; rTe;juehafk; Mz;lifapd; jpl;lkpliyAk; kjpEl;gj;ij ntspf;fhl;LfpwJ.

kiwf;fy;tpg; gzpfisNkw;nfhs;s Gdpj R+irag;gh;kiwf;fy;tp epiyak; - kdpjKd;Ndw;wg; gzpfis nrk;ikg;gLj;j tho;T cjak; kw;Wk; FNuhd; vd miof;fg;gLk; tl fpof;F fj;Njhypf;fGdh;tho;T epWtdk; - kiwgug;Gg; gzpfspy; gq;Fnfhs;sjpUj;je;ijapd; kiwgug;Gr;rigfs; kw;Wk; jpUg;ghyj;Jtrig - FLk;gg; gzpfisf; fl;bvOg;g FLk;g gzp Mizf;FO - Clfg; gzpfis Mw;wkd;dh gj;jphpif - Muk;g FUj;Jt cUthf;fw; gzpfspy;ftdk; nrYj;j kLkhjh rpwpaFUklk; (1982) - tptpypamwptpid Nghjpf;f Ntjhfkf;FO - mur rhh;gw;w gzpfisxd;wpizf;f kd;dhh; murrhh;gw;w epWtdq;fspd; xd;wpak; (1986) - khh; vd miof;fg;gLk; kd;dhh; Gdh;tho;TkPs;FbNaw;w mikg;G (1985) -Mah; ,y;yg;gzpfis jdpahf Nkw;nfhs;s Mah; ,y;yk;(1986) vdg; gy gzpfs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;ld.

Njhl;lntspapy; Ntjrhl;rpfspd; murp Myak; - tTdpahnrl;bf;Fsk; ehdhl;lhd; gug;ghq;fz;ly; Mfpa ,lq;fspy;ngz;fSf;fhd tpLjp kw;Wk;rpWth;fSf;fhd jq;Fkplk; -KUq;fd; khzth; ,y;y tp];jhpg;G - fPhpRl;lhd; G+kye;jhd;Mfpa ,lq;fspy; tPlikg;Gj;jpl;lq;fs; vd Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l gy gzpfNshL Ms;fhl;bntsp - Xke;ij - nghpafl;LNghd;w GJg; gq;FfSk; cUthf;fg;gl;ld.

kd;dhh; kiwkhtl;lj;jpy;gzpahw;wpa 13 FUf;fisAk;xU rptg;G epw thdpy; MaNuVw;wpf;nfhz;L jpahdq;fs; -Rw;Wyhf;fs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;Fnrd;w me;j Muk;g mDgtk;gRikahdJ vd mtNuhL

gzpahw;wpa FUf;fs; njhptpf;fpd;wdh;.

1992 Mk; Mz;L etk;gh;khjk; 3Mk; jpfjp fhhpUs; Ntisfpshypf; fly; miyfis ClWj;Jf; nfhz;L tpirg; glfpy;,uNthL ,uthf Nksjhsq;fs; khiy khpahijfs; vJTk;,d;wp Nghh;f;fskha; mike;jpUe;j aho; kiw khtl;lj;jpw;Fte;jhh;.

aho; khpad;id Nguhyaj;jpy; Mah; NkjF jpNahFg;gps;is Mz;lif jiyikapy; eilngw;w tuNtw;gpy; (05etk;gh ; 1992) jhk; Mw;wg;NghFk; gzpfis ,uj;jpdr;RUf;fkhf tiuaWj;jhh;. mjpy;Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;wpUe;jJ,yq;if kz;zpy; jkpo; kf;fs; kpf ePz;l fhykhf mDgtpf;Fk; Jd;g Jauq;fSf;FePjpNahL $ba xU epue;juj;jPh;tpidf; fhz jk;khyhdKO Kaw;rpfisAk; vLg;Ngd;vd;gjhFk;. jk; gzpapd; ,Wjptiu jhk; nfhLj;j thf;fpw;Fg;gpukhzpf;fkhf ele;jhh; vd;gjw;F ,uz;lhk; fUj;J ,Uf;fKbahJ.

aho; kiw khtl;lj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l fl;Lkhdg; gzpfspy; rpytw;iw kl;Lk; ,q;FFwpg;gplyhk;. gz;lj;jhpg;G FUf;fs; jpahd ,y;yf; fl;blk; -Mah; ,y;yj;jpy; FUf;fSf;fhdfl;blk; - Gdpj tsd; fj;Njhypf;f mr;rj;jpy; ghJfhtyd;kz;lgk; - thliff;F tplg;gLk; fj;Njhypf;f mr;rf fl;blj;njhFjp - Gdpj kLj;jPdhh; FUklj;jpy; thliff;F tplg;gLk;fl;blk; - Gdpj gj;jphprpahh; fy;Yhpf; fl;blk; - rNthpahh; FUj;Jtf; fy;Yhpf; fl;blk; - aho;khpad;id Nguhya FUf;fs;gzpkid - nrk;gpad;gw;W FUf;fs; gzpkid - gpuke;jdhW,iw ,uf;f Myak; - gz;lj;jhpg;G gw;wpkh md;id Myak;- rpy;yhiy Gdpj Nahrth];mbfshh; epidthyak; - fpspnehr;rp jpNurhs; MyaKk; gq;Fg; gzpkidAk; - FUefh;GJik khjh Myak; - ky;yhfk; rjhrfha khjh Myak; -msk;gpy; Gdpj me;Njhdpahh;Myak; - GJf;FbapUg;G b.krdl;Myak; - Gq;FLjPT rNthpahh;Myak; - mhpahiy A+jh Myak; - gis ,uhag;gh; Mayk;vd Mya fl;Lkhdg; gzpfs;efh;e;jd.

(ÿ>V¶ÏflE 7D √¬ÔD)

05.07.2015 ghJfhtyd; 3

]ÚflEKÁk¬ Ô[MBÏ zø\D R[\V>D 20D ]Ô] >\m Ô[MBÏ ƒÁ√ ƒVÏÕ> J[Æ ÿ√Ú swV¬ÔÁ· ÿ√Úÿ\Ú©∏_ Â[§•ÏºkV|D ÿ√Ú\˛µºkV|D ÿÔVFBV›º>V‚¶D ˛§¸m ∂´ƒÏgÈB›]_ ÿÔVı¶VΩ \˛µÕ>™Ï.÷È∫ÁÔ ŒÚ \VÔV\VÔ ∏´Ô¶™©√|›>©√‚¶ (24.06.1955) 60km gı| Ák´swVÁk•D ]ÚflEKÁk¬ Ô[MBÏ÷È∫ÁÔ¬z kÚÁÔ >Õ> (25.07.1930)85km gı| WÁ≈° swVÁk•D, ]ÚflEKÁk¬ Ô[MBÏ ƒÁ√ WÆ°™Ï ∂Ú‚√Ë ]ºBVº¶VEB¸ Aº·V´[Á´[ O.F.M(Ô©AflE[ m≈s) ∂ΩÔπ[ sıÔ©∏≈©∏[ (15.02.1865) 150km gı|

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Kd;ghf 1614 Mk; Mz;L aho;g;ghzk;Nghh;j; Jf;fPrupd; Ml;rpapy; ,Ue;j fhyk;.aho;g;ghzg; gl;lzj;jpy; ntw;wpapd; khjhMyaj;jpd; gq;Fj;je;ijahf ,Ue;jth;gpuhd;rp];f;fd; rigia rhh;e;j gpuhd;rp];Nfh rhd;Nuh md;NuhdpNah vDk;Jwtpahthh;. ,t;thyaj;jpy; Jha me;Njhdpahupd; R&gj;ijAk; kf;fspd;tzf;fj;;Jf;fhf itf;f KbT nra;J>NfushtpYs;s nfhr;rpd; efuj;jpypUe;JxU kuj;ijf; nfhz;L te;J aho;g;ghzj;jpy; tho;e;J te;j md;df;Fl;b vd miof;fg;gLfpd;w xU cs;@h; rpw;gpaplk; ,j;Jhatupd; jpUTUtj;ij cUthf;Fk;gzp xg;gilf;fg;gl;lJ. rpy ehl;fspd;gpd;dh; Jha me;Njhdpahhupd; jpUTUtj;jpw;f;Fg; gjpyhf Jha kupad;idapd;jpUTUtj;ij nrJf;FkhW md;df;Fl;b gpuhd;rp];Nfh ^ rhd;Nuh md;NuhdpNah vDk; Jwtpahy; gzpf;fg;gl;lhh;. ghyd; ,NaRitf; ifapy; Ve;jpathW kupad;idapd; jpUTUtj;ij

cUthf;f Kide;jhh; rpw;gpahd md;df;Fl;b.

rpw;gp md;idapd; jpUTUtj;ij nra;Ak; gzpapy; <Lgl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;Ntisapy; iffis cUthf;fp ghyd;,NaRit nrJf;f Kd;dNu rpy GJikfs; ,lk;ngwj; njhlq;fp tpl;ld. gyh;,r;nra;jpapidf; Nfs;tpAw;W rpw;gp md;df;Fl;b tPl;bw;Nf te;J kupad;idapd;jpUTUtj;jpd; Kd;gpUe;J nrgpf;fj;njhlq;fptpl;ldh;. 1614Mk; Mz;L Nkkhjk; 25Mk; jpfjp md;df;Fl;b tPl;bw;F fj;Njhypf;f kiwiar; rhuhjvd;fhNgNah vDk; ez;gh; xUth; te;JkpfTk; kfpo;r;rpahfg; Ngrpf;nfhz;bUe;jhh;. mt;Ntisapy;> vd;fhNgNah jw;nrayhf KOikahfr; nrJf;fp Kbahky; ,Ue;j jpUcUtj;jpd; Nky; mkh;e;J tpl;lhh;. mth; ,Ue;j fzNk Jhf;fpnawpag;gl;lhh;. ,e;epfo;T eilngw;wnghOJ ,d;Dk; ez;gh;fs; mq;Nf,Ue;Js;sdh;. Vd;fhNgNahTf;F ,t;

thW Jhf;fpnawpag; gl;lJ xU mtkhdkhf vz;zp mq;NfapUe;jth;fspd;Vsdj;Jf;F jhd; cs;shftpy;iy vdep&gpg;gjw;f;F kPz;Lk; xUKiw mj;jpUTUtj;jpd; Nky; ,Uf;f Kide;Js;shh;. ,j;jlit ,d;Dk; Nkhrkhfj; Jhf;fpnawpag;gl;L kaq;fpNa tpl;lhh;. mtUila cLg;GfSk; mtUlk;gpy; fpopj;njwpag;gl;Lf; fhzg;gl;ld.

rpy ehl;fspd; gpd;dh; ,Nj Nghd;w,d;Ndhh; epfo;T ,lk;ngw;wJ. rpw;gpmd;df;Fl;bapd; kfs; mQ;rpah ntj;jpiyNghd;w xd;iw ed;whf thapDs; itj;Jnkd;W tpl;Lj; Jg;gpanghOJ rpy ,j;jpUcUtj;jpd; Nky; tpOe;Jtpl;lJ. rpw;gpmd;df;Fl;bNah jd; ez;gd; vd;fhNgNahTf;F ele;jij vz;zp kpfTk;mQ;rpatuhf> jd; kfis clNd fz;bj;J cldbahf mj;jpUTUtj;ij Rj;jk; nra;AkhW gzpj;jhh;. kfs; mQ;rpahjpUTUtj;ij mZfpj; Jilf;f Kide;j nghOJ epyj;jpy; Jhf;fpnawpag;gl;Lkaf;fkile;jhs;.

jpUkjp. gp. vk;. N[. md;udp> Xa;Tepiy mjpgh ;jpUkjp. gp. vk;. N[. md;udp> Xa;Tepiy mjpgh ;jpUkjp. gp. vk;. N[. md;udp> Xa;Tepiy mjpgh ;jpUkjp. gp. vk;. N[. md;udp> Xa;Tepiy mjpgh ;jpUkjp. gp. vk;. N[. md;udp> Xa;Tepiy mjpgh ;

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05.07.2015 ghJfhtyd; 5

- mUl;gzp. - mUl;gzp. - mUl;gzp. - mUl;gzp. - mUl;gzp. S.V.B. kq;fsuh[h - kq;fsuh[h - kq;fsuh[h - kq;fsuh[h - kq;fsuh[h -- nrd;w ,jo; njhlh;r;rp

- mLj;j ,jopy; njhlUk;

kd;dhu; kiwrhl;rpaj;jpd;jhf;fq;fs;...xix. kd;dhu; kiw rhl;rpa epfo;Tf;FVwf;Fiwa 200 tUlq;fspd; gpd; nrg];upad; Nlh NwNfh mbfs; vOjpa xU tuyhw;W Mtzj;jpy; kd;dhupy; fj;Njhypf;f rkaj;jpd; Njhw;wk; kw;Wk; 1745k;Mz;L tiuapyhd tsu;r;rp gw;wpf;Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. ,jpy; 600f;F Nkw;gl;Nlhu;. kd;dhupy; kiwrhl;rpahdikkd;dhu; fj;Njhypf;f jpUr;rig tuyhw;wpy; xU Kf;fpa epfo;T vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. ,q;F kd;dhu; fj;Njhypf;fu;gw;wp ,d;DnkhU rpwg;Gf;Fwpg;GKs;sJ.xy;yhe;jUila tUifapd; gpd; aho;g;ghzk;> nfhOk;G> ePu;nfhOk;G> fSj;Jiw> kl;lf;fsg;G> jpUNfhzkiy>Gj;jsk>; fz;b Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; fzprkhd fj;Njhypf;fu; fy;tpdprj;ijj;jOtpdu;. kd;dhupy; kl;Lk; ngUk;ghyhd fj;Njhypf;fu; jkJ tpRthrj;jpy;cWjpAldpUe;jdu; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

xx. Vwf;Fiwa 100 mz;Lfs; xy;yhe;ju; ,yq;ifia Mz;l gpd; mtu;fs;fj;Njhypf;fu; kPJk; fj;Njhypf;f rkaj;jpd; kPJk; Nkw;nfhz;l fLk; eltbf;iffs; vJTk; vjpu;ghu;j;j gyidj;jutpy;iynad;gijAzu;e;jdu;. Muk;gfhyj;jpy; kiwthf kiwtplq;fspy;jkJ kj topghLfisAk; kw;Wk; eltbf;iffisAk; Nkw;nfhz;l fj;Njhypf;fUk;> xy;yhe;jUila jPtpu fz;fhzpg;gpypUe;J jg;Gtjw;fhf ,uT Ntisfspy; gzpahw;wpa FUf;fSk; gbg;gbahfntspNate;J gfpuq;fkhfg;gfy; NtisfspYk; gzpahw;wj; Jzpe;J jkJ kjRje;jpuj;ij epiyehl;l Kad;wdu;.

NtW topapd;wp xy;yhe;j mjpfhupfSk;,t;tpj nraw;ghLfisf; fz;Lk;fhzhJ tpl;ldu;. 1749 - 1750k; Mz;bw;fhd xul;Nlhupad;rigawpf;ifapy;kd;dhupy; Nyhwd;Nrh nfhy;yhf;Nfhmbfspd; mauh ciog;G gw;wpf; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. kd;dhupy; ghtrq;fPu;j;jdk; nra;af;$ba epiyapy; 4000 Ngu;,tuhy; ed;F kiwawptpy; gapw;wg;gl;ltu;fs; ,Ue;jjhfTk; NkYk; ,tuJgzpahy; 50 Ngu;fj;Njhypf;f rkaj;jpy; Nru;e;jjhfTk;Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.kPz;Lk; mNj njhdpapy; 1752 - 1753k;Mz;lwpf;ifapYk;xul;Nlhupad; rigf;FUf;fspd; gzp kd;dhupy; vt;thWrpwg;Gw mike;Js;sJ vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Ngl;Nwh Nrtpau; mbfspd;fLk; ciog;gpdhy; kd;dhupy; vQ;rpapUe;j mQ;Qhdpfs; kl;Lkd;wp gzpapd; epkpj;jk; kd;dhu; te;j ntspehl;ltu; rpyUk; fj;Njhypf;f rkaj;ijj;jOtpAs;sdu;. efUf;Fs; kl;Lk; xUrpy fy;tpdp]j;ijj; jOtpa nts;isau; ,Ue;jdu; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

xxi. kd;dhu; jPtpy; cs;s Ngrhiyapy;fj;Njhypf;fu; neUf;Fthuj;Jf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;lnjhU epfo;Tk; ,f; fj;Njhypf;fu;JzpTld; ,jw;nfjpuhfg; Nghuhb ntw;wpaile;jikAk; gjptpy; cs;sJ. 1755Mf];l; - 1756 [_iy xul;Nlhupad;rigawpf;if ,jidf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJjdJ nrgf;$lq;fspy; eilngWk; NghjidfSf;Ff; fj;Njhypf;fu; r%fk; ju

Ntz;Lnkd;W mq;fpUe;j fy;tpdp]Nghjfu; mr;RWj;jy; tpLj;jpUe;jhu;.kd;dhupy; ,Ue;j xy;yhe;j Ml;rpajpfhupfs; ,t;thW fy;tpdp] nrgf;$lq;fSf;Fr; nry;y kWj;j fj;Njhypf;fiukd;dhu; Nfhl;ilapypUe;j rpiwapyilj;J mtu;fisj; jk; topf;Ff; nfhz;Ltu vy;yh topfisAk; ifahz;ldu;.Mdhy; ,f;fj;Njhypf;fu; jkJ epiyg;

ghl;bypUe;J miratpy;iy. filrpapy;nfhOk;gpy; ,Ue;jxy;yhe;j cau; Ml;rpg ;g Plj;jplk; tpz;zg;gpj;J ,t;thWfy;tpdp] nrgf;$lj;jpy; eilngWk; gpurq;fq;fSf;Fr; nry;yhJ tpjptpyf;Fg;

ngw ,f;fj;Njhypf;fu; tw;GWj;jg;gl;ldu;.xy;yhe;j cau; Ml;rprigAk; ,f;fj;Njhypf;fuJ tpRthrj;ij mirf;fKay;tJ tPz; Ntiynad;W fUjpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;> ,tu;fSila jPu;g;Gfj;Njhypf;fUf;Fr; rhu;ghfNt mike;jpUe;jJ.

xxii. 10.08.1780 vdj; Njjpaplg;gl;lxypnta;uh mbfs; vOjpa xul;Nlhupad;rigawpf;ifapy; rigapdu; ,yq;ifapy; guhkupj;Jte;j kiwj;jsq;fSk;mitnaht;nthd;wpYk; ,Ue;j fj;Njhypf;fuJ vz;zpf;if jug;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; gb kd;dhupYk; mjidaz;bAs;s khNjhl;lg;gFjpapYk;,Ue;j rpw;whyaq;fs; KiwNa 34k;57k; MFk;. aho;g;ghzj;jpYk;> aho;g;ghz khtl;lj;jpYk; KiwNa 23> 40rpw;whyaq;fspUe;jd. nfhOk;G> ePu;nfhOk;G cl;gl kw;w ,lq;fspy; Mya

q;fspd; vz;zpf;if xg;gPl;lstpy;FiwthfNtapUe;jd. (fw;fshy; ed;Ffl;lg;gl;l fj;Njhypf;f Myaq;fSf;Fjil ,d;dKk; eilKiwapypUe;jjhy; ,e;j Myaq;fs; mNdfkhf fspkz; Rtu;fisf; nfhz;litAk;>gid Xiy my;yJ njd;Ndhiyf;$iuAk; nfhz;litahfNtapUe;jd.).

xxiii. khu;f;Nfh nly;yh njhk;gh vDk;fhg;Gr;rpd; Jwtw rigf;FU ,yq;ifiaj; juprpj ;Jg;gpd; 12.09.1783y;,yq;ifapy; fj;Njhypf;fj; jpUr;riggw;wpa jkJ gjpTfis NuhikapYs;stpRthrg;gug;Gjy; rigf;F xU klyhfvOjpdhu;. ,q;Fs;s fj;Njhypf;fu; juj;jpy; cyfj;jpy; kpfr;rpwe;jtu;fs; vd;W,tu; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. xy;yhe;jupdhy;gy;NtW Jd;GWj;jy;fSf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;lhYk; ,q;Fs;s kiwgzpahsu;fSk; fj;Njhypf;fUk; tpaj;jF nghWikiaf; filgpbj;J tUfpd;wdu; vd;Wk;Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. mj;Jld; jz;lg;gzk;nrYj;j tw;GWj;jg;gl;lhYk; kdKte;Jmjidf; fl;Lfpd;wdu; vd;W vOJfpd;whu; vy;yhkhf 400 Myaq;fSs;sdvd;Wk;> 14 kiwgzpahsupdhy; Vwf;Fiwa 90>000 fj;Njhypf;fu; guhkupf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wdu; vd;Wk; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpwhu;. ,tu;fs; jkJ fj;Njhypf;f rkaj;jpw;nfjpuhf VjhtJ nra;tjpYk; ghu;f;fcapu;j;jpahfk; nra;aTk; jahuhAs;sdu; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. xy;yhe;ju; Vw;gLj;Jk; gy;NtW jilfs; kj;jpapYk; ,f;fj;Njhypf;fu; jkJ tpRthrj;jpy;kpfTk; cWjpahf vy;yhr; NrhjidfspYk; ntw;wpailgtu;fshfNtAs;sdu;vd;Wk; ,itnay;yhk; ,iwtdpd;tpNrl mUshy;jhd; vd;Wk; vOJfpd;whu;.

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