xp information information is everywhere in an organization employees must be able to obtain and...
TRANSCRIPT
XPXPXPInformation• Information is everywhere in an organization
• Employees must be able to obtain and analyze the many different levels, formats, and granularities of organizational information to make decisions
• Successfully collecting, compiling, sorting, and analyzing information can provide tremendous insight into how an organization is performing
XPXPXPDatabases
• Database – Collection of related data that can be stored in a
central location or in multiple locations – Usually a group of files
• File– Group of related records– All files are integrated
• Record – Group of related fields
XPXPXPDatabases
XPXPXPData-Driven Web Sites
• Data-driven Web site– Interface to a database– Retrieves data and allows users to enter data
• Improves access to information• Useful for: – E-commerce sites that need frequent updates – News sites that need regular updating of content – Forums and discussion groups – Subscription services, such as newsletters
XPXPXPData-Driven Websites
XPXPXPData-Driven Business Intelligence
XPXPXPBI in Action: Law Enforcement
• Business intelligence (BI) – Used in law enforcement as well as in the business
world – www.crimemapping.com
• Richmond, Virginia – System generates BI reports that help pinpoint
crime patterns – Allocate manpower to days and locations where
crime likely to occur
XPXPXPDATA WAREHOUSE
• Data warehouse – a logical collection of information – gathered from many different operational databases – that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks
• The primary purpose of a data warehouse is to aggregate information throughout an organization into a single repository for decision-making purposes
XPXPXPData Warehouse
• Data warehouse supports different types of analysis – Generates reports for decision making
• Online analytical processing (OLAP)– Generates business intelligence– Uses multiple sources of information and provides
multidimensional analysis– Hypercube– Drill down and drill up
XPXPXPMultidimensional Analysis • Cube – common term for the representation of
multidimensional information
XPXPXPThe Value of Quality Information • Business decisions are only as good as the
quality of the information used to make the decisions
• You never want to find yourself using technology to help you make a bad decision faster
XPXPXPInformation Cleansing or Scrubbing• Accurate and complete information
XPXPXPData Mining and Business Intelligence
• Data mining – the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone
• Data-mining analysis– Discover patterns and relationships
• Cross-reference segments of an organization’s operations for comparison purposes
• Analyze large amounts of historical data quickly • To perform data mining users need data-mining tools– Data-mining tools helps users uncover BI
XPXPXPData-mining
• Data-mining analysis– Discover patterns and relationships
• Reports– Cross-reference segments of an organization’s
operations for comparison purposes – Find patterns and trends that can’t be found with
databases – Analyze large amounts of historical data quickly
XPXPXPRelational Database Management Systems• A database management system (DBMS) is a
software program that lets you create databases and then manipulate data in them
• In a relational database management system, data is organized as a collection of tables
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XPXPXPData Manipulation
• Add, delete, modify, and retrieve records from a database
• Query language– Structured Query Language (SQL) • Standard fourth-generation query language
used by many DBMS packages • SELECT statement
– Query by example (QBE)• Construct statement of query forms• Graphical interface
XPXPXPOrganizing Data• Your first step in organizing data is to identify
the individual fields– The specific value, or content, of a field is
called the field value–A set of field values is called a record
• Next, you group related fields together into tables
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XPXPXPExhibit 3.1 Data Hierarchy
XPXPXPDatabases and Relationships• A collection of related tables is called a database, or a
relational database• You connect the records in the separate tables
through a common field• A primary key is a field, or a collection of fields,
whose values uniquely identify each record in a table• When you include the primary key from one table as
a field in a second table to form a relationship between the two tables, it is called a foreign key in the second table
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XPXPXPDatabases and Relationships
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XPXPXPViewing Objects in the Navigation Pane
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XPXPXPEntering Records
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XPXPXPCreating a Simple Query• A query is a question you ask about the data
stored in a database• The Simple Query Wizard allows you to select
records and fields quickly
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XPXPXPCreating a Simple Form• A form is an object you use to enter, edit, and
view records in a database• You can design your own forms, use the Form
Wizard, or use the Form tool to create a simple form quickly and easily
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XPXPXPCreating a Simple Form
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XPXPXPCreating a Simple Report• A report is a formatted printout (or screen
display) of the contents of one or more tables in a database
• The Report tool places all the fields from a selected table or query
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XPXPXPCreating a Simple Report
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XPXPXPCompacting and Repairing a Database
• Compacting a database rearranges the data and objects in a database to decrease its file size
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XPXPXPBacking Up and Restoring a Database• Backing up a database is the process of making
a copy of the database file to protect your database against loss or damage
• The Back Up Database command enables you to back up your database file from within the Access program, while you are working on your database
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